CN110724915A - Preparation method of micro-texture coating cutter for dry cutting - Google Patents

Preparation method of micro-texture coating cutter for dry cutting Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110724915A
CN110724915A CN201910888353.2A CN201910888353A CN110724915A CN 110724915 A CN110724915 A CN 110724915A CN 201910888353 A CN201910888353 A CN 201910888353A CN 110724915 A CN110724915 A CN 110724915A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
cutter
tool
coating
microtextured
micro
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Pending
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CN201910888353.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
颜安
陈汪林
王成勇
李炳新
江信榕
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Priority to CN201910888353.2A priority Critical patent/CN110724915A/en
Publication of CN110724915A publication Critical patent/CN110724915A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
    • C23C14/32—Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
    • C23C14/325—Electric arc evaporation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C14/021—Cleaning or etching treatments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C14/028—Physical treatment to alter the texture of the substrate surface, e.g. grinding, polishing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/0641—Nitrides

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of micro-manufacturing, in particular to a preparation method of a micro-texture coating cutter for dry cutting, which comprises the steps of preprocessing the cutter, arraying a micro-texture array pattern with gradient change of depth on the rear cutter surface of the cutter through femtosecond laser, and coating the surface of the cutter through a PVD (physical vapor deposition) electric arc process. The preparation method of the invention enables the cutter to have good coating binding force and good frictional wear performance, and improves the service life and the processing quality of the cutter.

Description

Preparation method of micro-texture coating cutter for dry cutting
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of micro-manufacturing, in particular to a preparation method of a micro-texture coating cutter for dry cutting.
Background
In recent years, the field of tribology research has proposed a concept of surface texture, also called surface microtexture. The surface microtexture technology is a method for improving the surface characteristics of a material by changing the physical structure of the surface of the material, and the surface texture is a lattice of patterns such as dents or convex hulls with certain sizes and arrangements. The micro texture is carved on the knife surface of the knife, the cutter performance of the knife is not affected, and the micro texture can store lubricating oil and abrasive dust, so that the wear resistance of the knife can be obviously improved. Research shows that the depth of the micro texture is an important factor influencing the performance of the micro texture coating cutter, and the bonding force of the coating can be improved when the micro texture is a micro-nano texture, but the influence on the frictional wear performance is small; when the depth of the micro texture is larger, the binding force of the coating cannot be guaranteed, but because the micro texture can store lubricant and abrasive dust, a layer of lubricating film can be formed on the surface of the cutter and the surface to be machined during cutter machining, so that the frictional wear performance and the machining quality of the cutter can be improved. However, there is currently no method for machining a microtexture on a tool at any position and coating the tool with a coating that provides the tool with both good coating adhesion and good frictional wear properties.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect that the cutter only has single excellence, and provides a preparation method of a microtextured coated cutter for dry cutting, wherein the cutter can simultaneously have good coating binding force and good frictional wear performance, and the service life and the processing quality of the cutter are improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the preparation method of the microtextured coated cutter for dry cutting comprises the following steps:
s1, preprocessing a cutter;
s2, after the step S1, arraying a microtexture array pattern with gradient change in depth on the rear tool face of the cutter through femtosecond laser;
s3. after step S2, a coating process is performed on the tool surface by an arc process of PVD.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a micro-texture coating cutter for dry cutting, which increases the specific surface area of a cutter substrate and a coating by processing a micro-texture array pattern on the rear cutter surface of the cutter; the microtextured array pattern with the gradient change depth can have the functions of storing abrasive dust and rapidly cooling, and the heat dissipation capacity of the coating is greatly improved, so that the dry cutting service life of the cutter is prolonged; the coating is paved by the PVD electric arc process, and the deposition efficiency and the binding force of the coating can be improved.
In order to make the microtextured array pattern have the functions of storing abrasive dust and rapidly cooling, the microtextured array pattern is a plurality of grooves in step S2.
In order to improve the dry cutting life of the cutter, in step S2, the distance between the groove and the cutting edge of the cutter is 1000 to 1200um, and the distance between the groove and the cutting edge of the cutter is 300 to 600 um. Specifically, the distance between the groove located on the main flank face and the main cutting edge of the cutter is 300-600 um, and the distance between the groove located on the auxiliary flank face and the auxiliary cutting edge of the cutter is 300-600 um.
In order to improve the dry cutting life of the cutter, in step S2, the depth of the groove is 1 ~ 30um, the width is 70 ~ 100um, and the interval between the grooves is 150 ~ 300 um.
In order to be able to improve the dry cutting life of the tool, the length of the groove is not more than 6mm in step S2. Specifically, the grooves are linear grooves, the length of each linear groove is set to be used when the cutting edge of the cutter and a straight line on the linear groove along the length direction are arranged in parallel, the gradient change cycle period of the depth of the linear groove is at least 10, and each cycle period comprises 3-8 linear grooves.
In order to be able to improve the dry cutting life of the tool, the length of the groove is at least 12mm in step S2. Specifically, the grooves are linear grooves, the length of each linear groove is set to be at least 2 gradient change cycle periods of the depth of the linear groove when the cutting edge of the cutter is parallel to and perpendicular to a straight line on the linear groove along the length direction, and each cycle period comprises 3-8 linear grooves.
In order to process a good microtexture array pattern, the femtosecond laser has a laser pulse energy of 20uj, a frequency of 100KHz, and a scan rate of 50mm/S in step S2.
In order to improve the high temperature and wear resistance of the tool, in step S3, the coating is an AlTiN coating.
In order to improve the adhesion capability of the coating, in step S3, the AlTiN coating is etched by using metal Ti ions, and the target material is Al(67)Ti(33)。
In order to ensure the cleanliness of the cutter, in step S1, the pretreatment is to place the cutter in acetone and alcohol solutions for ultrasonic cleaning for 20min, respectively, and then take out the cutter and blow-dry the cutter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the grooves with the depths changing in a gradient manner are arranged on the rear tool face of the cutter, so that the cutter can have the functions of storing abrasive dust and cooling quickly, the heat dissipation capacity of the coating is greatly improved, and the dry cutting life of the cutter is prolonged.
(2) The AlTiN coating is carried out through the PVD electric arc process, and the deposition efficiency and the coating binding force of the coating can be improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method of making a microtextured coated tool for dry cutting according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a cutter with a microtexture array pattern with gradient depth according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a table of parameters for the coating process of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a line graph showing the cutting life of the cutting tool according to the different manufacturing methods of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a cutter according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a cutter according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
The graphic symbols are illustrated as follows:
1-cutter, 2-AlTiN coating and 3-microtexture array pattern.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments. Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustration only and are shown by way of illustration only and not in actual form, and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but it is not intended to indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific circumstances.
Example 1
Fig. 1 to 5 show a first embodiment of a method for manufacturing a microtextured coated tool for dry cutting according to the present invention, comprising the steps of:
s1, placing a cutter 1 in acetone and alcohol solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 20min respectively, then taking out the cutter 1 and drying the cutter, fixing the rear cutter face of the cutter 1 on a processing table by using a clamp, and placing the cutter face under an ultrafast femtosecond laser;
s2, after the step S1, adjusting an auxiliary positioning light source of the ultrafast femtosecond laser, positioning the cutter point of the cutter 1, and arranging microtexture array patterns 3 with gradient change in depth on the main rear cutter face and the auxiliary rear cutter face of the cutter 1 by the femtosecond laser according to the parameters of laser pulse energy of 20uj, frequency of 100KHz and scanning rate of 50 mm/S;
s3. after step S2, a coating process is performed on the main flank, the sub flank, and the rake face of the tool 1 by an arc process of PVD.
The micro-texture array pattern 3 is processed on the rear cutter face of the cutter 1, so that the specific surface area of the base body and the coating of the cutter 1 is increased; the microtextured array pattern 3 with the gradient change depth can have the functions of storing abrasive dust and rapidly cooling, so that the heat dissipation capacity of the coating is greatly improved, and the dry cutting service life of the cutter 1 is prolonged; the coating is paved by the PVD electric arc process, and the deposition efficiency and the binding force of the coating can be improved. The gradient change in the present embodiment may be a continuous monotonic increase, a continuous monotonic decrease, a decrease before an increase, an increase after an increase, or a combination of the above forms from the end near the cutting edge of the tool 1.
In addition, in step S2, the microtextured array pattern 3 is a plurality of grooves. The grooves can enable the microtexture array pattern 3 to have the functions of storing abrasive dust and rapidly cooling. Because the micro-texture array pattern 3 in the micron scale has a large number of nano-scale micro-textures, namely the nano-micro-textures exist in the groove, and the bottom of the groove is arc-shaped, the combination of the coating can be facilitated, and the nano-textures are beneficial to the heat dissipation of the coating.
Wherein, in step S2, the distance between the cutting edge of the cutter 1 and the groove is 1000-1200 um, and the distance between the cutting edge of the cutter 1 and the groove is 300-600 um. Specifically, the distance between the groove located on the main flank face and the main cutting edge of the tool 1 is 300-600 um, and the distance between the groove located on the auxiliary flank face and the auxiliary cutting edge of the tool 1 is 300-600 um. In this embodiment, the cutting edge of the cutter 1 is the intersection of the main flank face and the sub flank face. The degree of depth of recess is 1 ~ 30um, width is 70 ~ 100um, and the interval between the recess is 150 ~ 300 um. The above parameter settings can improve the dry cutting life of the tool 1.
In step S2, the grooves are linear grooves, the straight lines in the linear grooves along the length direction are parallel to the cutting edge of the tool 1, the number of the cycle periods of the linear grooves is at least 10, each cycle period includes 3 to 8 linear grooves, and the length of each linear groove is not greater than 6mm, as shown in fig. 5.
Specifically, the microtextured array pattern 3 in this embodiment includes 10 cycle periods, wherein 8 linear grooves with gradient depth are disposed in one cycle period, and the gradient change of the depth between the 8 linear grooves is divided into small, medium and large gradient changes. The degree of depth of eight linear grooves specifically sets up to 1.5um, 4um, 6.5um, 8um, 11.5um, 15um, 23um, 29um, and wherein 1.5um, 4um, 6.5um are the linear groove of less gradient change, and 8um, 11.5um are the linear groove of medium gradient change, and 15um, 23um, 29um are the linear groove of great gradient change, as shown in fig. 2. The other parameters of the linear groove are as follows: the distance between each linear groove and the cutting edge of the cutter 1 is 1000um, the distance between the linear groove on the main rear cutter face and the main cutting edge is 300um, and the distance between the linear groove on the auxiliary rear cutter face and the auxiliary cutting edge is 300 um; the length of linear recess is 6um, width for 70um, and the interval between the linear recess is 300 um.
In addition, in step S3, the coating layer is AlTiN coating layer 2. The setting of the AlTiN coating 2 can improve the high temperature resistance and wear resistance of the cutter 1. The AlTiN coating 2 is etched by adopting metal Ti ions, and the target material is Al(67)Ti(33). The device can ensure the uniformity of the coating, improve the adhesion capability of the coating, and remove moisture, oxides and tiny dirt on the surface of the metal by etching the metal Ti ions. It should be noted that the use of metal Ti ion etching is not the only option, and Ar ion or other metal ions may be used for etching. As shown in FIG. 3, a uniform coating can be processed under the parameters of 80A current, 500V working voltage, 1h working time, 500 ℃ temperature and 278sccm flow of introduced nitrogen.
As shown in FIG. 4, the cutting life of the cutter having the same AlTiN coating layer 2 was compared in the NC dry cutting test in which the lathe parameters were set to a spindle feed speed of 0.05mm/r, a back bite of 0.5mm, and a linear cutting speed of 120 m/min. As can be known from the figure, the wear of the rear tool face of the cutter reaches 300mm after 1200m of cutting of the cutter without the grooves with the gradient depth arranged on the rear tool face, namely the rejection mark of the cutter; the cutter with the grooves with the depth changing in a gradient manner is arranged on the rear cutter face, and under the condition that the grooves are parallel to the cutting edge of the cutter 1, the cutter can report waste after cutting 7000m, and the cutting life of the cutter is prolonged.
Example 2
The embodiment is similar to embodiment 1, except that, as shown in fig. 6, in step S2, the grooves are linear grooves, a straight line along the length direction of the linear groove is perpendicular to the cutting edge of the cutter 1, the cycle period of the linear groove is at least 2, each cycle period includes 3 to 8 linear grooves, and the length of the linear groove is at least 12 mm.
Specifically, the microtextured array pattern 3 in this embodiment includes three cycle periods, wherein eight linear grooves with gradient depth are disposed in one cycle period. The depth of eight linear grooves is specifically 2um, 4um, 6um, 12um, 14um, 16um, 20um, 30 um. The other parameters of the linear groove are as follows: the distance between each linear groove and the cutting edge of the cutter 1 is 1200um, the distance between the linear groove on the main rear cutter face and the main cutting edge is 600um, and the distance between the linear groove on the auxiliary rear cutter face and the auxiliary cutting edge is 600 um; the length of linear recess is 12um, the width is 100um, and the interval between the linear recess is 150 um.
As shown in FIG. 3, the uniform coating can be processed even under the conditions of 150A of current, 40-minus, 60-minus, 80V of working voltage, 1h of working time, 500 ℃ of temperature and 500sccm of nitrogen gas flow.
As shown in fig. 4, in the case of a cutter having grooves with gradient depth on the flank and the grooves are perpendicular to the cutting edge of the cutter 1, the cutter will be discarded after 7000m cutting, and the cutting life of the cutter is improved.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for preparing a microtextured coated cutting tool for dry cutting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preprocessing a cutter (1);
s2, after the step S1, arraying a microtexture array pattern (3) with gradient change of depth on the rear tool face of the tool (1) through femtosecond laser;
s3, after the step S2, performing a coating process on the surface of the cutter (1) through an arc process of PVD.
2. The method for preparing a microtextured coated tool for dry cutting according to claim 1, wherein the microtextured array pattern (3) is grooves in step S2.
3. The method for preparing a microtextured coated tool for dry cutting according to claim 2, wherein in step S2, the distance between the groove and the cutting edge of the tool (1) is 1000-1200 um, and the distance between the groove and the cutting edge of the tool (1) is 300-600 um.
4. The method for preparing a microtextured coated cutting tool for dry cutting according to claim 3, wherein in step S2, the grooves have a depth of 1-30 um, a width of 70-100 um, and an interval between grooves of 150-300 um.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein in step S2, the length of the groove is not greater than 6 mm.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein in step S2, the length of the groove is at least 12 mm.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the femtosecond laser has a laser pulse energy of 20uj, a frequency of 100KHz, and a scan rate of 50 mm/S.
8. The method for preparing a microtextured coated tool for dry cutting according to claim 1, wherein in step S3 the coating is an AlTiN coating (2).
9. The method for preparing the microtextured coated cutting tool for dry cutting according to claim 8, wherein in step S3, the AlTiN coating (2) is etched by using Ti ions, and the target material is selected from Al(67)Ti(33)。
10. The method for preparing a microtextured coated tool for dry cutting according to claim 1, wherein the pretreatment is to place the tool (1) in acetone and alcohol solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 20min, respectively, and then to take out and dry the tool (1) in step S1.
CN201910888353.2A 2019-09-19 2019-09-19 Preparation method of micro-texture coating cutter for dry cutting Pending CN110724915A (en)

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CN111590125A (en) * 2020-04-28 2020-08-28 东莞市固达机械制造有限公司 Double-end milling machine
CN112779495A (en) * 2020-12-25 2021-05-11 江苏大学 Composite texture PVD coating cutter and processing technology thereof

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CN111590125A (en) * 2020-04-28 2020-08-28 东莞市固达机械制造有限公司 Double-end milling machine
CN112779495A (en) * 2020-12-25 2021-05-11 江苏大学 Composite texture PVD coating cutter and processing technology thereof
CN112779495B (en) * 2020-12-25 2022-08-23 江苏大学 Composite texture PVD coating cutter and processing technology thereof

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Inventor after: Chen Wanglin

Inventor after: Yan An

Inventor after: Wang Chengyong

Inventor after: Li Bingxin

Inventor after: Jiang Xinrong

Inventor before: Yan An

Inventor before: Chen Wanglin

Inventor before: Wang Chengyong

Inventor before: Li Bingxin

Inventor before: Jiang Xinrong

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Application publication date: 20200124

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