CN111421236A - Micro-texture self-lubricating ball joint with ceramic coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Micro-texture self-lubricating ball joint with ceramic coating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111421236A CN111421236A CN202010354114.1A CN202010354114A CN111421236A CN 111421236 A CN111421236 A CN 111421236A CN 202010354114 A CN202010354114 A CN 202010354114A CN 111421236 A CN111421236 A CN 111421236A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/362—Laser etching
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J17/00—Joints
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
- C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0026—Matrix based on Ni, Co, Cr or alloys thereof
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F3/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by special physical methods, e.g. treatment with neutrons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0688—Cermets, e.g. mixtures of metal and one or more of carbides, nitrides, oxides or borides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/221—Ion beam deposition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/58—After-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/58—After-treatment
- C23C14/5873—Removal of material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
- F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
- F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
- F16C11/0685—Manufacture of ball-joints and parts thereof, e.g. assembly of ball-joints
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Abstract
The invention provides a micro-texture self-lubricating ball joint with a ceramic coating and a preparation method thereof, wherein the micro-texture self-lubricating ball joint with the ceramic coating comprises the following steps: ball joint base member and composite ceramic coating, the ball joint base member includes: ball seat and bulb round pin, bulb round pin are located the ball seat, and the bulb round pin cooperatees with the ball seat, and the bulb round pin surface coats and is equipped with composite ceramic coating, and composite ceramic coating is provided with little texture unit on the surface, little texture unit is to the sunken pit column structure of bulb round pin, and the longitudinal section is asymmetric figure, and a plurality of little texture units arrange on composite ceramic coating surface and form little texture structure, and this ball joint is wear-resisting, antifriction better, can realize the self-lubricating, and the working surface hardness is higher, and the coating combines firmly with the ball joint base member.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ball joint preparation, in particular to a micro-texture self-lubricating ball joint with a ceramic coating and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The ball joint is used as an important movable connecting part capable of realizing universal adjustment, and is widely applied to scenes such as robot arms, automobile steering pull rods, engineering machinery and the like. The friction and abrasion of the contact surface of the ball joint are always important factors for the failure of the ball joint, and the problems of improving the wear resistance, increasing the bearable load, prolonging the service life and the like are always important problems in the processing and manufacturing industry. The wear-resistant ceramic material has higher wear resistance, excellent high-temperature mechanical property, chemical stability and the like, and the ceramic-metal composite material is favorable for improving the bonding degree of a coating and a matrix, such as Al2O3-Ni、ZrO2Ni and the like, so the micro-texture is widely applied to working scenes with serious friction and wear, and micro-textures have been proved to be capable of improving the lubricating state by carrying out surface texture optimization design on the contact surface of a part, but the antifriction effect of the simple symmetrical cross-section micro-texture in most researches is limited, and the simple lubricating mode can not meet the working condition requirement along with the complicated development of the working scene of the ball joint.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art or the related art.
To this end, a first aspect of the invention proposes a microtextured self-lubricating ball joint with a ceramic coating.
The second aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of a micro-texture self-lubricating ball joint with a ceramic coating.
In view of the above, the first aspect of the present invention provides a micro-texture self-lubricating ball joint with a ceramic coating, which is characterized by comprising a ball joint substrate and a composite ceramic coating, wherein the ball joint substrate comprises: the ball head pin is positioned in the ball seat, the ball head pin is matched with the ball seat, the surface of the ball head pin is coated with a composite ceramic coating, the surface of the composite ceramic coating is provided with a micro texture unit, the micro texture unit is a pit-shaped structure sunken towards the ball head pin, the longitudinal section of the micro texture unit is an asymmetric pattern, and a plurality of micro texture units are arranged on the surface of the composite ceramic coating to form a micro texture structure.
Preferably, the longitudinal section of the microtexture unit is in an asymmetric triangular inverted cone shape.
Preferably, the microtexture units are regularly arranged on the surface of the composite ceramic coating.
Preferably, the microtexture units are uniformly arranged on the surface of the composite ceramic coating at equal intervals.
Preferably, the ball joint base body is made of GCr15 bearing steel materials or hard alloy materials.
Preferably, the composite ceramic coating is a zirconium dioxide-nickel composite ceramic coating or an aluminum oxide-nickel composite ceramic coating.
The invention provides a preparation method of the micro-texture self-lubricating ball joint with the ceramic coating, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: treating a ball joint substrate: grinding the surface of the ball joint matrix to remove impurities such as oil stains on the surface, putting the ball joint matrix into an acetone solution, and ultrasonically cleaning for 20-30 min to ensure the surface cleanliness; drying and putting into a vacuum chamber;
step 2: preparing a composite ceramic coating: by utilizing a laser cladding technology, the composite ceramic coating powder is firstly sprayed on the surface of the ball pin or is synchronously fed with a laser beam, so that the powder is rapidly melted, expanded and solidified under the action of the laser beam to form the composite ceramic coating, and the laser cladding processing parameters are adjusted as follows: the laser power is 1.0-1.5 kW, the scanning speed is 50-200 mm/min, and the powder spreading thickness is 125-150% of the target coating thickness; or the raw material of the composite ceramic coating is ionized into ions by EB-PVD (ion beam physical vapor deposition) technology and is subjected to plasmaDepositing a composite ceramic coating on the surface of the ball pin by the daughter, and adjusting deposition processing parameters to be vapor deposition times of 3-6 times, substrate temperature of 800-1000 ℃, substrate rotating speed of 5-20 rpm and vacuum degree of 1 × 10-4torr, deposition time is 30-120 min, and the composite ceramic coating powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30 to 40 percent of Al2O3Or ZrO260% -70% of Ni, so as to ensure that the thickness h of the obtained composite ceramic coating is 20-100 mu m;
and step 3: surface treatment: cleaning redundant raw materials of the surface of the ball pin without a coating, and preparing for processing the surface microtexture;
and 4, step 4: processing the asymmetrical cross section microtexture: the femtosecond laser processing technology is utilized, a multi-axis linkage laser processing machine tool is used as a carrier, high-energy pulse laser beams emitted by a laser are used for etching an asymmetric section microtexture on the surface of a part, and the laser processing parameters are adjusted as follows: the pulse width is 200fs, the diameter of a light spot is 20 mu m, the laser power is 3-5W, the fixed repetition frequency is 100kHz, and the laser processing time is 5-50 ms; or by utilizing an ultrasonic vibration impact processing technology, converting a high-frequency electric signal emitted by ultrasonic waves into mechanical vibration through an energy converter, forming an asymmetric cross-section micro-texture unit of a micro-pit on the surface of a workpiece by means of vibration impact, wherein the working parameters of an ultrasonic vibration impact surface texture system are as follows: the output power is 300W, the vibration frequency is 19.7kHz, the rotating speed of a main shaft is 900r/min, the size expansion coefficient of a tool head is 1.1-1.3, and the amplitude is 12-32 mu m, so that the depth H of a pit of a micro-texture unit to be machined is 10-30 mu m, the diameter D is 20-30 mu m, and the area occupancy rate S is 10-40%;
and 5: and (3) post-treatment: observing the morphology of the microtexture unit treated in the step 4 by using a microscopic structure scanning electron microscope, and polishing or repairing the microtexture unit which does not meet the requirements on size and shape; and cleaning again, removing excessive raw materials on the processed surface, and grinding to ensure that the surface roughness reaches Ra of 0.5-1.5.
Preferably, in the step 1, the ball joint matrix is made of GCr15 bearing steel material, the surface of the ball joint is ground, impurities such as oil stains on the surface are removed, the ball joint matrix is placed in acetone solution, and ultrasonic cleaning is carried out for 20 min; in step (b)In step 2, zirconium dioxide-nickel (ZrO)2-Ni) composite ceramic coating powder is firstly sprayed on the surface of the ball pin or is synchronously fed with laser beams, then the powder is rapidly melted, expanded and solidified under the action of the laser beams to form the composite ceramic coating, and the laser cladding processing parameters are adjusted as follows: the laser power is 1.0kW, the scanning speed is 50mm/min, the powder spreading thickness is 130% of the target coating thickness, and the composite ceramic coating powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30% ZrO270% of Ni, thereby ensuring that the thickness h of the obtained composite ceramic coating is 20 +/-2 mu m; in step 4, a femtosecond laser processing technology is utilized, and laser processing parameters are adjusted as follows: the pulse width is 200fs, the spot diameter is 20 mu m, the laser power is 3W, the fixed repetition frequency is 100kHz, and the laser processing time is 10ms, so that the depth H of a micro-texture pit subjected to primary processing is 15 mu m +/-2 mu m, and the area occupancy rate S is 25-35%.
Preferably, in the step 1, the ball joint matrix is made of hard alloy materials, the surface of the ball joint is ground, impurities such as oil stains on the surface are removed, the ball joint matrix is placed into a mixed solution of acetone and alcohol, and ultrasonic cleaning is carried out for 30 min; in step 2, alumina-nickel (Al) is deposited by EB-PVD (ion beam physical vapor deposition) technique2O3-Ni) composite ceramic coating raw material is ionized into ions, and the composite ceramic coating is deposited on the surface of the ball stud through plasma, and the deposition processing parameters are adjusted to be vapor deposition times of 6 times, substrate temperature of 1000 ℃, substrate rotating speed of 20rpm and vacuum degree of 1 × 10-4torr, deposition time 120min, and the composite ceramic coating powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% Al2O3And 60% of Ni. Ensuring that the thickness h of the obtained ceramic coating is 50 +/-2 mu m, and in the step 4, utilizing an ultrasonic vibration impact processing technology, wherein the working parameters of an ultrasonic vibration impact surface texture system are as follows: the output power is 300W, the vibration frequency is 19.7kHz, the main shaft rotating speed is 900r/min, the size expansion coefficient of a tool head is 1.2, and the amplitude is 20 mu m, so that the depth H of a micro-texture pit subjected to primary processing is 25 mu m +/-2 mu m, and the area occupancy rate S is 20-25%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the friction reducing effect is achieved by processing micro texture on the surface of the ball pin. Each pit of the micro-texture is equivalent to a dynamic pressure lubrication bearing, so that the direct contact of two working surfaces of the ball joint is effectively reduced, and the micro-texture can capture abrasive dust and reduce abrasive wear.
(2) The micro-texture of the invention selects the asymmetric cross-sectional profile, and can better strengthen the local reflux effect generated by the inertia effect of the fluid compared with the simple symmetric cross-sectional profile, thereby improving the antifriction effect.
(3) According to the invention, the wear-resistant composite ceramic coating is covered on the surface of the ball pin, so that the micro texture and the ceramic coating have complementary advantages and complement each other, the self-lubricating capability is greatly enhanced, and the service life of the ball joint is prolonged.
(4) The ceramic-metal composite material enhances the wear-resistant and antifriction effects, improves the binding capacity of the coating material and the base material, reduces the processing complexity and ensures that the processing method is easy to realize.
(5) The ball joint prepared by the method provided by the invention can be widely applied to the aspects of aerospace, engineering machinery, precise instruments and the like, and has very wide application prospect.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural view of a microtextured self-lubricating ball joint with a ceramic coating according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural view of a microtextured self-lubricating ball joint with a ceramic coating according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates a front view of a microtextured unit of a microtextured self-lubricating ball joint with a ceramic coating according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates a top view of a microtextured unit of a microtextured self-lubricating ball joint with a ceramic coating according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic of the microtextured unit arrangement for microtextured self-lubricating ball joints with ceramic coatings according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method of making a microtextured self-lubricating ceramic coated ball joint according to one embodiment of the present invention;
wherein: 1, a ball seat; 2, ball stud; 3, composite ceramic coating; 4 microtextured units.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and therefore the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
A microtextured self-lubricating ceramic coated ball joint and method of making the same according to some embodiments of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1-6.
In an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the present invention provides a microtextured self-lubricating ceramic-coated ball joint, comprising a ball joint substrate and a composite ceramic coating 3, the ball joint substrate comprising: the ball seat 1 and the ball stud 2, the ball stud 2 is located in the ball seat 1, the ball stud 2 matches with the ball seat 1, the surface of the ball stud 2 is covered with a composite ceramic coating 3, a micro texture unit 4 is arranged on the surface of the composite ceramic coating 3, the micro texture unit 4 is a pit-shaped structure sunken towards the ball stud 2, the longitudinal section of the micro texture unit is an asymmetric pattern, and a plurality of micro texture units 4 are arranged on the surface of the composite ceramic coating 3 to form a micro texture structure.
In the embodiment, the ball joint base body comprises a ball seat 1 and a ball pin 2, one end of the ball seat 1 is provided with an inwards concave groove-shaped structure, the end of the ball pin 2 is a spherical convex structure, the end of the ball pin 2 is positioned in the groove-shaped structure of the ball seat 1, the end of the ball pin 2 is matched with the groove-shaped structure of the ball seat 1 in shape to form clearance fit, the ball pin 2 and the ball seat 1 together form a pair of spherical pairs, the ball pin 2 can rotate and swing in the ball seat 1, the surface of the ball pin 2 is covered with a composite ceramic coating 3, the surface of the composite ceramic coating 3 is provided with a micro texture unit 4, the micro texture unit 4 is a pit-shaped structure, the longitudinal section of the micro texture unit is an asymmetric figure, the micro texture unit 4 with the asymmetric section can enhance the inertia effect generated by cavitation, delay the occurrence of cavitation and further improve the bearing capacity, and the plurality of micro texture units 4 are arranged, the composite ceramic coating 3 has the effects of enhancing wear resistance and reducing wear, the bonding capacity of a coating material and a base material can be improved, the processing complexity is reduced, meanwhile, the composite ceramic coating 3 is provided with a micro-texture structure, a pit of each micro-texture unit 4 is equivalent to a dynamic pressure lubricating bearing, the surfaces of the ball head pin 2 and the inner surface of a groove of the ball seat 1 are effectively reduced, the two working surfaces are in direct contact, and the micro-texture structure can capture abrasive dust and reduce abrasive wear.
In one embodiment of the present invention, preferably, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, the longitudinal section of the microtexture unit 4 is an asymmetric triangular reverse cone.
In this embodiment, the longitudinal cross-sectional profile of the microtexture unit 4 is in the shape of an asymmetric triangular inverted cone, as shown in fig. 3, and the distances from the two end points of the bottom edge of the longitudinal cross-section to the perpendicular line of the bottom edge are unequal to each other1≠l2。
In one embodiment of the present invention, preferably, as shown in fig. 5, the microtexture units 4 are regularly arranged on the surface of the composite ceramic coating 3.
In this embodiment, the micro texture units 4 are regularly arranged on the surface of the composite ceramic coating 3 to form a micro texture structure, such as being arranged side by side or at intervals, for example, but not limited thereto, and of course, the transverse and longitudinal distances between the single textures may be changed according to different working conditions, so as to obtain a texture arrangement mode suitable for various working conditions, and the regularly arranged micro texture units 4 may reduce the friction coefficient, have a lower processing cost, and achieve the friction reducing effect and the economic benefit while achieving.
In one embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the microtexture units 4 are uniformly arranged on the surface of the composite ceramic coating 3 at equal intervals.
In this embodiment, the micro texture units 4 are uniformly arranged on the surface of the composite ceramic coating 3 at equal intervals on four sides, the transverse and longitudinal distances between the micro texture units 4 are equal, and the transverse and longitudinal distances between the micro texture units 4 can be changed on the basis of the arrangement mode to obtain different regular arrangement modes.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the ball joint base is preferably made of GCr15 bearing steel material or cemented carbide material.
In one embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the composite ceramic coating 3 is a zirconium dioxide-nickel composite ceramic coating 3 or an aluminum oxide-nickel composite ceramic coating 3.
In a second embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6, the present invention provides a method for preparing a micro-texture self-lubricating ball joint with a ceramic coating, comprising the following steps:
step 1: treating a ball joint substrate: grinding the surface of the ball joint matrix to remove impurities such as oil stains on the surface, putting the ball joint matrix into an acetone solution, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 20-30 min to ensure the surface cleanliness, drying and putting the ball joint matrix into a vacuum chamber;
and step 3: surface treatment: cleaning redundant raw materials of the surface of the ball pin 2 without a coating, and preparing for processing the microtexture;
and 4, step 4: processing the asymmetrical cross section microtexture: by utilizing a femtosecond laser processing technology and taking a multi-axis linkage laser processing machine tool as a carrier, etching an asymmetric cross-section microtexture on the surface of the composite ceramic coating 3 by using a high-energy pulse laser beam emitted by a laser, and adjusting laser processing parameters as follows: the pulse width is 200fs, the diameter of a light spot is 20 mu m, the laser power is 3-5W, the fixed repetition frequency is 100kHz, and the laser processing time is 5-50 ms; or by utilizing an ultrasonic vibration impact processing technology, converting a high-frequency electric signal emitted by ultrasonic waves into mechanical vibration through an energy converter, forming a micro-texture unit 4 with an asymmetric section of a micro-pit on the surface of the composite ceramic coating 3 by means of vibration impact, wherein the working parameters of an ultrasonic vibration impact surface texture system are as follows: the output power is 300W, the vibration frequency is 19.7kHz, the rotating speed of a main shaft is 900r/min, the size expansion coefficient of a tool head is 1.1-1.3, and the amplitude is 12-32 mu m, so that the depth H of a micro-texture pit subjected to primary processing is 10-30 mu m, the diameter D is 20-30 mu m, and the area occupancy S is 10-40%;
and 5: and (3) post-treatment: observing the morphology of the micro-texture unit 4 treated in the step 4 by using a microscopic scanning electron microscope, and polishing or repairing the micro-texture unit 4 which does not meet the requirements on size and shape; and cleaning again, removing excessive raw materials on the processed surface, and grinding to ensure that the surface roughness reaches Ra of 0.5-1.5.
In the embodiment, firstly, a ball joint substrate is processed, the surface of the ball joint substrate is ground, the ball joint is placed in an acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning, in the actual operation, the ball joint substrate can also be cleaned in a mixed solution of acetone and alcohol, and the ball joint substrate is dried after cleaning and placed in a vacuum chamber; and then, covering the surface of the ball pin 2 with a composite ceramic coating 3 by using a laser cladding technology or an ion beam physical vapor deposition technology, cleaning redundant raw materials on the surface of the ball pin 2 after the composite ceramic coating 3 is manufactured, processing a plurality of micro-texture units 4 on the surface of the composite ceramic coating 3 by using a femtosecond laser processing technology or an ultrasonic vibration impact processing technology after the composite ceramic coating 3 is cleaned so as to form a micro-texture structure, and finally, observing each micro-texture unit 4 and polishing, repairing and cleaning the micro-texture units 4 which do not meet the requirements on size and shape. The ball joint prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of good wear resistance and antifriction property, self lubrication, high working surface hardness, firm combination of the coating and the ball joint matrix, multiple preparation methods of the coating and the micro texture, and easiness in processing.
In one embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in step 1, GCr15 bearing steel material is used as the ball joint matrix, the ball joint surface is ground, impurities such as oil stains on the surface are removed, the ball joint matrix is put into acetone solution, and ultrasonic cleaning is performed for 20 min; in step 2, zirconium dioxide-nickel (ZrO)2-Ni) composite ceramic coating 3 powder is firstly sprayed on the surface of the ball pin 2 or powder is synchronously fed with laser beam, then the powder is rapidly melted, expanded and solidified under the action of the laser beam to form the composite ceramic coating 3, and the laser cladding processing parameters are adjusted as follows: the laser power is 1.0kW, the scanning speed is 50mm/min, the powder spreading thickness is 130% of the target coating thickness, and the composite ceramic coating 3 powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30% ZrO270% of Ni, thereby ensuring that the thickness h of the obtained composite ceramic coating 3 is 20 +/-2 mu m; in step 4, a femtosecond laser processing technology is utilized, and laser processing parameters are adjusted as follows: the pulse width is 200fs, the spot diameter is 20 mu m, the laser power is 3W, the fixed repetition frequency is 100kHz, and the laser processing time is 10ms, so that the depth H of a micro-texture pit subjected to primary processing is 15 mu m +/-2 mu m, and the area occupancy rate S is 25-35%.
In this embodiment, the ball joint base material is GCr15 bearing steel, and the surface of the ball stud 2 is coated with zirconium dioxide-nickel (ZrO)2-Ni) composite ceramic coating 3, the surface of which has triangular inverted cone-shaped asymmetric cross-section profile microtexture, and the specific preparation steps are as follows:
step 1: treating a ball joint substrate: grinding the surface of the ball joint matrix, removing impurities such as oil stain and the like on the surface, putting the ball joint matrix into an acetone solution, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 20min to ensure the surface cleanliness, and putting the ball joint matrix into a vacuum chamber after drying.
Step 2: preparing a composite ceramic coating 3: zirconium dioxide-nickel (ZrO) is subjected to laser cladding technology2-Ni) composite ceramic coating 3 powder is firstly sprayed on the surface of the ball pin 2 or powder is synchronously fed with laser beam, then the powder is rapidly melted, expanded and solidified under the action of the laser beam to form the composite ceramic coating 3, and the laser cladding processing parameters are adjusted as follows: the laser power is 1.0kW, the scanning speed is 50mm/min, and the powder spreading thickness is 130% of the target coating thickness; the composite ceramic coating 3 powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30% ZrO270% of Ni, and ensuring that the thickness h of the obtained composite ceramic coating 3 is 20 +/-2 mu m.
And step 3: surface treatment: and (4) cleaning redundant raw materials of the surface of the ball pin 2 without the coating, and preparing for processing the surface microtexture.
And 4, step 4: processing the asymmetrical cross section microtexture: by utilizing a femtosecond laser processing technology and taking a multi-axis linkage laser processing machine tool as a carrier, a high-energy pulse laser beam emitted by a laser is used for etching an asymmetric cross-section micro-texture unit 4 on the surface of the composite ceramic coating 3, and the laser processing parameters are adjusted as follows: the pulse width is 200fs, the diameter of a light spot is 20 mu m, the laser power is 3W, the fixed repetition frequency is 100kHz, and the laser processing time is 10 ms; the pit depth H of the micro-texture unit 4 after primary processing is ensured to be 15 mu m +/-2 mu m, and the area occupancy rate S is about 25-35%.
And 5: and (3) post-treatment: observing the morphology of the micro-texture unit 4 treated in the step 4 by using a microscopic scanning electron microscope, and polishing or repairing the micro-texture unit 4 which does not meet the requirements on size and shape; and cleaning again, removing excessive raw materials on the processed surface, and grinding to ensure that the surface roughness reaches Ra of 0.5-1.5.
In an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in step 1, the ball joint matrix is made of a hard alloy material, the surface of the ball joint is ground, impurities such as oil stains on the surface are removed, the ball joint matrix is put into a mixed solution of acetone and alcohol, and ultrasonic cleaning is performed for 30 min; in step 2, alumina-nickel (Al) is deposited by EB-PVD (ion beam physical vapor deposition) technique2O3-Ni) composite ceramic coating 3 raw material is ionized into ions and introducedDepositing a composite ceramic coating 3 on the surface of the ball pin 2 by plasma, and adjusting the deposition processing parameters to be vapor deposition times of 6 times, substrate temperature of 1000 ℃, substrate rotating speed of 20rpm and vacuum degree of 1 × 10-4torr, deposition time 120min, and the composite ceramic coating 3 powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% Al2O3And 60% of Ni. Ensuring that the thickness h of the obtained ceramic coating is 50 +/-2 mu m, and in the step 4, utilizing an ultrasonic vibration impact processing technology, wherein the working parameters of an ultrasonic vibration impact surface texture system are as follows: the output power is 300W, the vibration frequency is 19.7kHz, the main shaft rotating speed is 900r/min, the size expansion coefficient of a tool head is 1.2, and the amplitude is 20 mu m, so that the depth H of a micro-texture pit subjected to primary processing is 25 mu m +/-2 mu m, and the area occupancy rate S is 20-25%.
In this embodiment, the ball joint base material is cemented carbide, and the surface of the ball stud 2 is coated with alumina-nickel (Al)2O3-Ni) composite ceramic coating 3, the surface of which has triangular inverted cone-shaped asymmetric cross-section profile microtexture, and the specific preparation steps are as follows:
step 1: treating a ball joint substrate: grinding the surface of the ball joint matrix, removing impurities such as oil stain and the like on the surface, putting the ball joint matrix into a mixed solution of acetone and alcohol, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 30min to ensure the surface cleanliness, drying and putting the ball joint matrix into a vacuum chamber.
Step 2: preparing a ceramic coating: using EB-PVD (ion beam physical vapor deposition) technique, aluminum oxide-nickel (Al) is added2O3-Ni) composite ceramic coating 3 raw material is ionized into ions, and the composite ceramic coating 3 is deposited on the working surface of the ball joint through plasma, and the deposition processing parameters are adjusted to be vapor deposition times of 6 times, substrate temperature of 1000 ℃, substrate rotating speed of 20rpm and vacuum degree of 1 × 10-4torr, deposition time 120min, and the composite ceramic coating 3 powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% Al2O360% of Ni, ensuring that the thickness h of the obtained ceramic coating is 50 +/-2 mu m.
And step 3: surface treatment: and cleaning redundant raw materials of the surface of the ball pin 2 without a coating, and preparing for processing the surface texture.
And 4, step 4: processing the asymmetrical cross section microtexture: by utilizing the ultrasonic vibration impact processing technology, a high-frequency electric signal emitted by ultrasonic waves is converted into mechanical vibration through an energy converter, the asymmetric cross section micro-texture unit 4 of a micro-pit is formed on the surface of the composite ceramic coating 3 by means of vibration impact, and the working parameters of a micro-texture system on the surface of the ultrasonic vibration impact are as follows: the output power is 300W, the vibration frequency is 19.7kHz, the main shaft rotating speed is 900r/min, the size expansion coefficient of a tool head is 1.2, the amplitude is 20 mu m, the depth H of a micro-texture pit which is initially processed is 25 mu m +/-2 mu m, and the area occupancy rate S is about 25-35%.
And 5: and (3) post-treatment: observing the micro-texture form treated in the step 4 by using a microscopic scanning electron microscope, and polishing or repairing the texture which does not meet the requirements on size and shape; and cleaning again, removing excessive raw materials on the processed surface, and grinding to ensure that the surface roughness reaches Ra of 0.5-1.5.
Claims (9)
1. A micro-texture self-lubricating ball joint with a ceramic coating is characterized by comprising a ball joint substrate and a composite ceramic coating, wherein the ball joint substrate comprises: the ball head pin is positioned in the ball seat, the ball head pin is matched with the ball seat, the surface of the ball head pin is coated with a composite ceramic coating, the surface of the composite ceramic coating is provided with a micro texture unit, the micro texture unit is a pit-shaped structure sunken towards the ball head pin, the longitudinal section of the micro texture unit is an asymmetric pattern, and a plurality of micro texture units are arranged on the surface of the composite ceramic coating to form a micro texture structure.
2. The micro-textured self-lubricating ceramic-coated ball joint according to claim 1, wherein the longitudinal section of the micro-textured unit is an asymmetric triangular inverted cone.
3. The micro-textured self-lubricating ceramic-coated ball joint according to claim 2, wherein the micro-textured units are regularly arranged on the surface of the composite ceramic coating.
4. The micro-textured self-lubricating ball joint with the ceramic coating according to claim 3, wherein the micro-textured units are uniformly arranged on the surface of the composite ceramic coating at equal intervals.
5. The microtextured self-lubricating ceramic coated ball joint of claim 4, wherein the ball joint substrate is made of GCr15 bearing steel material or hard alloy material.
6. The microtextured self-lubricating ball joint with ceramic coating according to claim 5, wherein the composite ceramic coating is a zirconium dioxide-nickel composite ceramic coating or an aluminum oxide-nickel composite ceramic coating.
7. A method for preparing a microtextured self-lubricating ceramic-coated ball joint according to any of claims 1 to 6, comprising the following steps:
step 1: treating a ball joint substrate: grinding the surface of the ball joint matrix to remove impurities such as oil stains on the surface, putting the ball joint matrix into an acetone solution, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 20-30 min to ensure the surface cleanliness, drying and putting the ball joint matrix into a vacuum chamber;
step 2, preparing the composite ceramic coating, namely spraying composite ceramic coating powder on the surface of the ball pin or feeding the powder synchronously with a laser beam by utilizing a laser cladding technology to enable the powder to be rapidly melted, expanded and solidified under the action of the laser beam to form the composite ceramic coating, adjusting laser cladding processing parameters to be 1.0-1.5 kW of laser power, 50-200 mm/min of scanning speed and 125-150% of the powder spreading thickness of the target thickness of the coating, or ionizing raw materials of the composite ceramic coating into ions by utilizing an EB-PVD (ion beam physical vapor deposition) technology, depositing the composite ceramic coating on the surface of the ball pin by using plasma, and adjusting deposition processing parameters to be 3-6 times of vapor deposition, 800-1000 ℃ of substrate temperature, 5-20 rpm of substrate rotation speed and 1 × 10 of vacuum degree of 1- 4torr, deposition time is 30-120 min, and the composite ceramic coating powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30 to 40 percent of Al2O3Or ZrO260 to 70 percent of Ni, fromAnd ensuring that the thickness h of the obtained composite ceramic coating is 20-100 mu m;
and step 3: surface treatment: cleaning redundant raw materials of the surface of the ball pin without a coating, and preparing for processing the microtexture;
and 4, step 4: processing the asymmetrical cross section microtexture: the femtosecond laser processing technology is utilized, a multi-axis linkage laser processing machine tool is used as a carrier, high-energy pulse laser beams emitted by a laser are used for etching an asymmetric section microtexture on the surface of the composite ceramic coating, and the laser processing parameters are adjusted as follows: the pulse width is 200fs, the diameter of a light spot is 20 mu m, the laser power is 3-5W, the fixed repetition frequency is 100kHz, and the laser processing time is 5-50 ms; or by utilizing an ultrasonic vibration impact processing technology, converting a high-frequency electric signal emitted by ultrasonic waves into mechanical vibration through an energy converter, forming an asymmetric cross-section micro-texture unit of a micro-pit on the surface of the composite ceramic coating by means of vibration impact, wherein the working parameters of a micro-texture system on the surface of the ultrasonic vibration impact are as follows: the output power is 300W, the vibration frequency is 19.7kHz, the rotating speed of a main shaft is 900r/min, the size expansion coefficient of a tool head is 1.1-1.3, and the amplitude is 12-32 mu m, so that the depth H of a micro-texture pit subjected to primary processing is 10-30 mu m, the diameter D is 20-30 mu m, and the area occupancy S is 10-40%;
and 5: and (3) post-treatment: and (3) observing the morphology of the micro-texture unit treated in the step (4) by using a microstructure scanning electron microscope, polishing or repairing the micro-texture unit which does not meet the requirements on size and shape, cleaning again, removing redundant raw materials on the processed surface, and grinding to ensure that the surface roughness of the micro-texture unit reaches Ra (0.5-1.5).
8. The preparation method according to claim 7, wherein in the step 1, the ball joint base adopts GCr15 bearing steel material, the surface of the ball joint is ground, and impurities such as oil stains and the like on the surface are removed; putting the ball joint matrix into an acetone solution, and ultrasonically cleaning for 20 min; in step 2, zirconium dioxide-nickel (ZrO)2-Ni) composite ceramic coating powder is firstly sprayed on the surface of the ball pin or is synchronously fed with laser beams, then the powder is rapidly melted, expanded and solidified under the action of the laser beams to form the composite ceramic coating, and laser cladding processing is adjustedThe parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1.0kW, the scanning speed is 50mm/min, the powder spreading thickness is 130% of the target coating thickness, and the composite ceramic coating powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30% ZrO270% of Ni, thereby ensuring that the thickness h of the obtained composite ceramic coating is 20 +/-2 mu m; in step 4, a femtosecond laser processing technology is utilized, and laser processing parameters are adjusted as follows: the pulse width is 200fs, the spot diameter is 20 mu m, the laser power is 3W, the fixed repetition frequency is 100kHz, and the laser processing time is 10ms, so that the depth H of a micro-texture pit subjected to primary processing is 15 mu m +/-2 mu m, and the area occupancy rate S is 25-35%.
9. The preparation method according to claim 7, wherein in the step 1, the ball joint matrix is made of hard alloy materials, the surface of the ball joint is ground, impurities such as oil stains on the surface are removed, the ball joint matrix is put into a mixed solution of acetone and alcohol, and ultrasonic cleaning is carried out for 30 min; in step 2, alumina (Al) is deposited by EB-PVD (ion beam physical vapor deposition) technique2O3-Ni) composite ceramic coating raw material is ionized into ions, and the composite ceramic coating is deposited on the surface of the ball stud through plasma, and the deposition processing parameters are adjusted to be vapor deposition times of 6 times, substrate temperature of 1000 ℃, substrate rotating speed of 20rpm and vacuum degree of 1 × 10-4torr, deposition time 120min, and the composite ceramic coating powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of Al2O3 and 60% of Ni, ensuring that the thickness h of the obtained ceramic coating is 50 +/-2 mu m, and in the step 4, utilizing an ultrasonic vibration impact processing technology, wherein the working parameters of an ultrasonic vibration impact surface texture system are as follows: the output power is 300W, the vibration frequency is 19.7kHz, the main shaft rotating speed is 900r/min, the size expansion coefficient of a tool head is 1.2, and the amplitude is 20 mu m, so that the depth H of a micro-texture pit subjected to primary processing is 25 mu m +/-2 mu m, and the area occupancy rate S is 20-25%.
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| CN111961837A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-20 | 大连理工大学 | Fretting fatigue resisting protection method based on composite modification of laser shock and coating lubrication |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111961837A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-20 | 大连理工大学 | Fretting fatigue resisting protection method based on composite modification of laser shock and coating lubrication |
| CN112059559A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-11 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Joint ball seat turning and milling combined machining and inner spherical surface grinding method |
| CN112059559B (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2021-07-06 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Joint ball seat turning and milling combined machining and inner spherical surface grinding method |
| CN112628378A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-04-09 | 东南大学 | Micro-texture self-adaptive lubricating gear and preparation method thereof |
| CN112628378B (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2022-04-08 | 东南大学 | Micro-texture self-adaptive lubricating gear and preparation method thereof |
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