CN107502273A - 一种无溶剂双固化聚氨酯粘合剂的制备 - Google Patents

一种无溶剂双固化聚氨酯粘合剂的制备 Download PDF

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CN107502273A
CN107502273A CN201710771514.0A CN201710771514A CN107502273A CN 107502273 A CN107502273 A CN 107502273A CN 201710771514 A CN201710771514 A CN 201710771514A CN 107502273 A CN107502273 A CN 107502273A
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任宝东
任佳
晁国库
张权
朱青松
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Ruian Long Union New Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种无溶剂双固化聚氨酯粘合剂的制备方法:以已二酸、马来酸酐为原料,加入1.4‑丁二醇,升温至130‑150℃,脱水后升温至200‑210℃,恒温后,加入钛酸四丁酯催化剂,抽真空,得不饱和聚酯多元醇;对所述的不饱和聚酯多元醇进行羟值,酸值的测定,由羟值和酸值可以计算出不饱和聚酯多元醇的分子量Mn:向所得不饱和聚酯多元醇中加入聚醚多元醇、异氰酸酯、搅拌升温至80‑90℃,加入小分子多元醇扩链剂,恒温反应至粘度为5000‑8000cps时加入封端剂,然后再恒温搅拌后,加入降粘剂、除水剂、复合催化剂,混合均匀得到目标产物聚氨酯粘合剂。本发明采用光固化与湿固化相结合的方法,提高了粘合剂的力学性能。

Description

一种无溶剂双固化聚氨酯粘合剂的制备
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种无溶剂双固化聚氨酯粘合剂的制备。
(二)背景技术
随着环保意识的加强,人们对聚氨酯粘合剂的环保性也提出新的要求。聚氨酯粘合剂的环保主要体现在两个方面:
(1)溶剂的环保性,如水性聚氨酯粘合剂、无溶剂的热熔胶;
(2)低异氰酸酯基的残留粘合剂。
对于溶剂的环保化研究的较多,现在水性聚氨酯粘合胶较成熟,无溶剂的热熔胶也得到迅猛的发展。但异氰酸酯对环境的影响研究的却不见报道。异氰酸酯对环境的影响体现在两个方面:一是制备过程中由于气味、泄露等对环境,造成的污染,另一方面是使用过程中对环境的污染,主要表现在聚氨酯粘合剂中异氰酸酯基残留对环境的影响,典型的案例是塑胶跑道引发的学生中毒事件。
聚氨酯化学即异氰酸酯化学。本发明针对异氰酸酯的反应活性,对残留的异氰酸酯基进行封端——硅氧烷化,并加入UV引发剂,使粘合剂在使用过程中,发生硅氧烷与UV双固化,提高了聚氨酯粘合剂的力学性能。
(三)发明内容
为解决现有技术存在的问题,本发明目的是提供一种无溶剂、无残留的异氰酸酯基,并硅氧烷和UV双固化的聚氨酯粘合剂的制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种无溶剂双固化聚氨酯粘合剂的制备方法,所述的方法具体按照如下步骤进行:
(1)以已二酸、马来酸酐为原料,加入1.4-丁二醇,升温至130-150℃,脱水后升温至200-210℃,恒温2-4h后,加入钛酸四丁酯催化剂,抽真空,得不饱和聚酯多元醇,所述的己二酸与马来酸酐、1.4-丁二醇的物质的量之比为1:0.2-0.4:1~2;所述的催化剂的加入量以已二酸的质量计为0.2-0.5g/g;
(2)对所述的不饱和聚酯多元醇进行羟值,酸值的测定,由羟值和酸值可以计算出不饱和聚酯多元醇的分子量Mn:
(3)向步骤(2)所得不饱和聚酯多元醇中加入聚醚多元醇、异氰酸酯、搅拌升温至80-90℃,加入小分子多元醇扩链剂,恒温反应至粘度为5000-8000cps时加入封端剂,然后再恒温搅拌4-5h后,加入降粘剂、除水剂、复合催化剂,混合均匀得到目标产物聚氨酯粘合剂;所述的异氰酸酯包括脂肪族的异氰酸酯;所述的封端剂为氨基硅氧烷;所述的小分子多元醇扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、1,6-已二醇、乙二胺基乙磺酸钠中的一种或一种以上的混合物;所述的降粘聚醚为硅烷封端聚醚;所述的除水剂为乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷;所述的复合催化剂为光敏剂和有机锡催化剂的复配;所述的复合催化剂的加入量以所述的聚酯多元醇与聚醚多元醇的总质量计为0.4~0.6g/g;所述的聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇或小分子扩链剂物质的量各自以羟基的官能度来计,所述的聚酯多元醇与聚醚多元醇总物质的量与所述的小分子扩链剂物质的量比为1:0.3-0.7;所述的异氰酸酯的加入量以聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇及小分子扩链剂的总物质的量之比为1.05:1;所述的封端剂的加入量以聚酯多元醇与聚醚多元醇的总质量来计为0.2~0.4g/g;所述的除水剂的加入量以聚酯多元醇与聚醚多元醇的总质量来计为0.05~0.15%g/g。
进一步,步骤(1)中,所述的抽真空为梯度条件下进行,所述的梯度条件为200mmHg下30min;400mmHg下30min;600-700mmHg下60min。
进一步,步骤(2)中,所述的聚酯多元醇不饱和度为2,分子量为3000-3600。
进一步,步骤(3)中,所述的聚醚多元醇是官能度为3的聚环氧丙烷聚醚,分子量为4000-5200。
再进一步,步骤(3)中,聚酯多元醇与聚醚多元醇的物质的量之比1:0.1-0.3。
进一步,步骤(3)中,所述的异氰酸酯为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、或六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的三聚体或两者的混合物,优选为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)。
进一步,步骤(3)中,所述的封端剂为γ―氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-β-(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷或苯胺甲基三乙氧基硅烷,优选为γ―氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷。
进一步,步骤(3)中,所述的降粘聚醚为硅氧烷封端的聚醚,具有如下结构:
其中n为:200-300。
再进一步,步骤(3)中,优选所述的小分子多元醇扩链剂为乙二胺基乙磺酸钠与其它任意一种小分子多元醇扩链剂的混合物,所述的乙二胺基乙磺酸钠与其它任意一种小分子多元醇扩链剂的物质的量之比为1:2-4,再进一步优选为1:1-3。
进一步,步骤(3)中,所述的光敏剂为苯甲酮或安息香二甲醚,所述的有机锡催化剂为螯合锡或二月硅酸二丁基锡。
再进一步,步骤(3)中,所述的光敏剂与所述的有机锡催化剂的质量比0.5-1:1。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果主要体现在:
(1)本发明所述聚氨酯粘合剂不含有机溶剂。
(2)本发明所述聚氨酯粘合剂进行硅氧烷封端,降低了异氰酸酯基的残留;
(3)本发明所述的聚氨酯粘合剂采用光固化与湿固化相结合的方法,提高了粘合剂的力学性能。
(四)具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此:
实施例1
取已二酸(AA)1498.26g、401.46g马来酸酐加到反应容器中,加入1546.59g1.4-丁二醇(过量5%),升温至130℃,开始有水析出,温度恒定150℃,2h后,升温至200℃,恒温2h,加入7.5g钛酸四丁酯催化剂,梯度抽真空:
200mmHg,30min;400mmHg,30min;600-700mmHg,60min,恒温2h,测定酸值为0.45mgKOH/g,羟值36.5mgKOH/g,分子量为3036,收率83%。
实施例2
取1732.20g已二酸(AA)、232.5g马来酸酐加到反应容器中,加入1535,2gg1.4-丁二醇(过量5%),升温至150℃,开始有水析出,温度恒定150℃,4h后,升温至210℃,恒温2h,加入8.7g钛酸四丁酯催化剂,梯度抽真空:
200mmHg,30min;400mmHg,30min;600-700mmHg,60min,恒温4h,测定酸值为0.51mgKOH/g,羟值30,62mgKOH/g,分子量为3604,收率82.5%。
实施例3
取实施例1聚酯多元醇303.6g(0.1mol)、48.96g(0.01mol)聚醚多元醇330(Mn=4896),搅拌并升温至80℃,加入68.8g六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI),反应2h后,加入5.4g(0.06mol)1,4-丁二醇(1,4-BDO)和3.8g(0.02mol)乙二胺基乙磺酸钠(AAS),反应40min后测定粘度7000cps时,测定NCO%为3.5%,加入封端剂γ―氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)79g,恒温搅拌4-5h后,加入130.44g硅氧烷封端的聚醚120K、0.5g乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷除水剂、1.76g复合催化剂(安息香二甲醚/螯合锡质量比为1/1)。将该胶用于木质地板与水泥的粘接,其100%伸长率:850%,剥离强度为2.45MPa。
实施例4
取实施例1聚酯多元醇303.6g(0.1mol),搅拌并升温至85℃,加入45.7g六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体(HDI三聚体),反应1h后,加入1.8g(0.02mol)1,4-丁二醇(1,4-BDO)和1.9g(0.01mol)乙二胺基乙磺酸钠(AAS),反应40min后测定粘度8000cps时测定NCO%为5.0%,加入封端剂γ―氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)93g,恒温搅拌5h后,加入130g硅氧烷封端的聚醚120K、0.3g乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷除水剂、1.5g复合催化剂(苯甲酮/螯合锡质量比为1/2)。将该胶用于铝合金与水泥的粘接,其100%伸长率:500%,剥离强度为3.21MPa。
实施例5
取实施例2聚酯多元醇360.4g(0.1mol),156g(0.03mol)聚醚多元醇330(Mn=5200)搅拌并升温至85℃,加入30.24g(0.18)六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和16g(0.03mol)六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体,反应2h后,加入8.26g(0.07mol)1,6-已二醇(1,6-HDO),反应150min后测定粘度5000cps时,测定NCO%为4.2%加入封端剂γ―氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)126g,恒温搅拌7h后,加入150g硅氧烷封端的聚醚120K、0.3g乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷除水剂、2.6g复合催化剂(安息香二甲醚/二月硅酸二丁基锡的复合为1/2)。将该胶用于瓷砖与水泥的粘接,其100%伸长率:400%,剥离强度为5.28MPa。

Claims (10)

1.一种无溶剂双固化聚氨酯粘合剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的方法具体按照如下步骤进行:
(1)以已二酸、马来酸酐为原料,加入1.4-丁二醇,升温至130-150℃,脱水后升温至200-210℃,恒温2-4h后,加入钛酸四丁酯催化剂,抽真空,得不饱和聚酯多元醇,所述的己二酸与马来酸酐、1.4-丁二醇的物质的量之比为1:0.2-0.4:1~2;所述的催化剂的加入量以已二酸的质量计为0.2-0.5g/g;
(2)对所述的不饱和聚酯多元醇进行羟值,酸值的测定,由羟值和酸值可以计算出不饱和聚酯多元醇的分子量Mn:
(3)向步骤(2)所得不饱和聚酯多元醇中加入聚醚多元醇、异氰酸酯、搅拌升温至80-90℃,加入小分子多元醇扩链剂,恒温反应至粘度为5000-8000cps时加入封端剂,然后再恒温搅拌4-5h后,加入降粘剂、除水剂、复合催化剂,混合均匀得到目标产物聚氨酯粘合剂;所述的异氰酸酯包括脂肪族的异氰酸酯;所述的封端剂为氨基硅氧烷;所述的小分子多元醇扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、1,6-已二醇、乙二胺基乙磺酸钠中的一种或一种以上的混合物;所述的降粘聚醚为硅烷封端聚醚;所述的除水剂为乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷;所述的复合催化剂为光敏剂和有机锡催化剂的复配;所述的复合催化剂的加入量以聚酯多元醇与所述聚醚多元醇的总质量计为0.4~0.6%g/g;所述的聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇或小分子扩链剂物质的量各自以羟基的官能度来计,所述的聚酯多元醇与聚醚多元醇总物质的量与所述的小分子扩链剂物质的量比为1:0.3-0.7;所述的异氰酸酯的加入量以聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇及小分子扩链剂总物质的量之比为1.05:1;所述的封端剂的加入量以聚酯多元醇与聚醚多元醇的总质量来计为0.2~0.4g/g;所述的除水剂的加入量以聚酯多元醇与聚醚多元醇的总质量来计为0.05~0.15%g/g。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述的抽真空为设为梯度条件下进行,所述的梯度条件为200mmHg下30min;400mmHg下30min;600-700mmHg下60min。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述的聚酯多元醇不饱和度为2,分子量为3000-3600。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述的聚醚多元醇官能度为3的聚环氧丙烷聚醚,分子量为4000-5200。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述的聚酯多元醇与聚醚多元醇的物质的量之比1:0.1-0.3。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述的异氰酸酯为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯或六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的三聚体或两者的混合物。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述的封端剂为γ―氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-β-(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷或苯胺甲基三乙氧基硅烷。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,所述的降粘聚醚为硅氧烷封端的聚醚,具有如下结构:
其中n为:200-300。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,所述的光敏剂为苯甲酮或安息香二甲醚,所述的有机锡催化剂为螯合锡或二月硅酸二丁基锡。
10.如权利要求1或9所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,所述的复合催化剂中光敏剂与所述的有机锡催化剂的质量比0.5-1:1。
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CN112533973A (zh) * 2018-08-08 2021-03-19 Sika技术股份公司 具有聚合物型增塑剂和低单体二异氰酸酯含量的聚氨酯组合物
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CN111748074A (zh) * 2020-06-19 2020-10-09 广州木森态新材料科技有限公司 一种聚氨酯及其制备方法和胶合板胶粘剂
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