CN107429327A - 铜‑锌合金及其用途 - Google Patents

铜‑锌合金及其用途 Download PDF

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CN107429327A
CN107429327A CN201680017488.6A CN201680017488A CN107429327A CN 107429327 A CN107429327 A CN 107429327A CN 201680017488 A CN201680017488 A CN 201680017488A CN 107429327 A CN107429327 A CN 107429327A
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copper
zinc alloy
jewel
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alloy
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CN107429327B (zh
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N·贾格
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Diehl Metall Stiftung and Co KG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F16C33/121—Use of special materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/12—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load
    • F16C17/18—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load with floating brasses or brushing, rotatable at a reduced speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2202/00—Solid materials defined by their properties
    • F16C2202/30—Electric properties; Magnetic properties
    • F16C2202/32—Conductivity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/10—Alloys based on copper
    • F16C2204/14—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/23—Gas turbine engines
    • F16C2360/24—Turbochargers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及铜‑锌合金，包含59.0至65.0％Cu，2.5至4.0％Mn，1.2至2.5％Al，0.5至2.0％Si，0.2至1.0％Fe，0至1.0％Pb，0至1.5％Ni，0至0.2％Sn，余量Zn和不可避免的杂质。

Description

铜-锌合金及其用途
本发明涉及铜-锌合金和所述合金的用途。
DE 10 2007 063 643 A1公开铜-锌合金，其特征是高耐磨性。
DE 10 2005 015 467 A1公开又一种铜-锌合金，用于滑动轴承的材料。该合金具有良好的耐温性和耐磨性。
实际上已发现的是，对于生产涡轮增压器的轴承衬尤其是上述铜-锌合金仅具有有限的可用性。所述轴承衬必须以数μm的容差制造。用常规铜-锌合金无法总是保持上述容差，原因是机械加工面的表面粗糙度有时太大。
本发明的目的是消除现有技术的缺点。特别是，提供铜-锌合金，其使得制造降低的表面粗糙度的轴承衬成为可能。
该目的通过权利要求1和6的特征实现。本发明的有利实施方式产生自权利要求2至5和7的特征。
根据本发明建议的是铜-锌合金，包含59.0至65.0％Cu，2.5至4.0％Mn，1.2至2.5％Al，0.5至2,0％Si，0.2至1.0％Fe，0至1.0％Pb，0至1.5％Ni，0至0.2％Sn，余量Zn和不可避免的杂质。
按"％"计的全部值是指"重量百分比"。
所建议的铜-锌合金具有优异的耐温性。机械加工产生的表面具有显著降低的表面粗糙度。所建议的铜-锌合金特别适于生产轴承衬，尤其是涡轮增压器的轴承衬。铜-锌合金可以通过挤出，拉伸，铸造和冷成型和热成型，例如挤出、拉伸和应力解除性退火来处理。
铜-锌合金可以包含62.5至64.5％Cu，2.7至3.5％Mn，1.3至1.9％Al，0.8至1.2％Si，0.3至0.6％Fe，0至1.0％Pb，0至1.5％Ni，0至0.2％Sn，余量Zn和不可避免的杂质，尤其是铜-锌合金可以包含63.0至64.0％Cu，2.9至3.2％Mn，1.4至1.9％Al，0.8至1.2％Si，0.3至0.6％Fe，0至1.0％Pb，0.5至0.7％Ni，0至0.2％Sn，余量Zn和不可避免的杂质。
在特别优选的实施方式中，不使用合金组分Pb和/或Sn。
本发明铜-锌合金具有优选大于9.0m/Ohm mm2的电导率。电导率与热导率相关。所建议的合金的特征是在室温下大于60W/mK的特别高的热导率。
另外，所建议的铜-锌合金的有利特征是，在铸造状态下包含于微结构中的金属间化合物具有150μm的尺寸。金属间化合物的小尺寸有利地促进的是，机械加工能够产生降低的表面粗糙度的表面。根据本发明的又一方面，所建议的铜-锌合金用于生产滑动轴承的轴承衬，尤其是涡轮增压器轴承衬。
所建议的铜-锌合金的实例在下文中更特别地阐明。
铜-锌合金可以具有下述组成：
Cu 64.2％
Mn 2.0％
Al 1.8％
Si 1.3％
Fe 0.8％
Ni 0.8％
Zn余量
铜-锌合金的机械特性可参见下表。
表1：
铜-锌合金具有下表所示的物理特性。
表2：
特性
密度g/cm3 8.1
电导率m/Ohm mm2 9.3
弹性模量kN/mm2 131
纵向热伸展系数 15.7
泊松比 0.39
铜-锌合金的热抗拉强度在350℃是约321N/mm 2。铜-锌合金的特征是优异的软化行为。为了确定软化行为，使合金在多至500℃的温度经受1小时的退火时间。发现的是，与室温硬度相比，在多至500℃的温度并未观察到硬度降低。甚至对于600℃的热处理，硬度降低小于初始的室温硬度的10％。
下文参照附图来更具体地阐明本发明的示范性实施方式。在附图中：
图1显示本发明铜-锌合金的微结构,
图2显示铜-锌合金的机械加工面的剖视图和
图3显示常规的铜-锌合金的机械加工面的剖视图。
图1显示本发明铜-锌合金的微结构图像。明显可见，金属间化合物(深色晶体)的最大尺寸在晶体纵向延伸方向不大于150mm。
图2显示通过由铜-锌合金构成的组件的表面的剖视图，其中所述表面已进行机械加工。从图2明显可见，在金属间化合物区域的表面上出现偏差。该偏差具有约2.55μm的最大深度。
为了比较，图3显示通过由常规的铜-锌合金(70.5％Cu，7.8％Mn，5.2％Al，2.0％Si，1.0％Fe，余量Zn和可避免的杂质)构成的组件的机械加工面的剖视图。具有大于20μm的深度的偏差出现在该表面上。
从而采用本发明铜-锌合金可能生产组件，其在加工的情况下展示与从常规的铜-锌合金制成的组件相比明显更小的表面偏差。采用本发明铜-锌合金，能够生产具有改善的表面品质的轴承衬，尤其是在加工的情况下具有改善的表面品质的轴承衬。因为其优异的热特性，根据本发明铜-锌合金特别适于生产涡轮增压器的轴承衬。

Claims (7)

1.铜-锌合金，包含59.0至65.0％Cu，2.5至4.0％Mn，1.2至2.5％Al，0.5至2.0％Si，0.2至1.0％Fe，0至1.0％Pb，0至1.5％Ni，0至0.2％Sn，余量Zn和不可避免的杂质。
2.根据权利要求1的铜-锌合金，包含62.5至64.5％Cu，2.7至3.5％Mn，1.3至1.9％Al，0.8至1.2％Si，0.3至0.6％Fe，0至1.0％Pb，0至1.5％Ni，0至0.2％Sn，余量Zn和不可避免的杂质。
3.根据权利要求1和2的铜-锌合金，包含63.0至64.0％Cu，2.9至3.2％Mn，1.4至1.9％Al，0.8至1.2％Si，0.3至0.6％Fe，0至1.0％Pb，0.5至0.7％Ni，0至0.2％Sn，余量Zn和不可避免的杂质。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项的铜-锌合金，具有大于9.0m/Ohm mm2的电导率。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项的铜-锌合金，其中在铸造状态下包含于微结构中的金属间化合物具有至多150μm的尺寸。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项的铜-锌合金用于生产滑动轴承的轴承衬的用途。
7.根据权利要求6的用途，其中所述轴承衬是涡轮增压器轴承衬。
CN201680017488.6A 2015-03-24 2016-03-08 铜-锌合金及其用途 Active CN107429327B (zh)

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DE102015003687.4A DE102015003687A1 (de) 2015-03-24 2015-03-24 Kupfer-Zink-Legierung und deren Verwendung
DE102015003687.4 2015-03-24
PCT/EP2016/000404 WO2016150551A1 (de) 2015-03-24 2016-03-08 Kupfer-zink-legierung und deren verwendung

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JP (1) JP2018512506A (zh)
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CN (1) CN107429327B (zh)
BR (1) BR112017018343B1 (zh)
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HU (1) HUE046704T2 (zh)
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JPS56127741A (en) * 1980-03-06 1981-10-06 Honda Motor Co Ltd Abrasion resistant copper alloy
CN1230230A (zh) * 1996-09-09 1999-09-29 东陶机器株式会社 铜合金及其制造方法
CN101287848A (zh) * 2005-04-04 2008-10-15 迪尔金属合作两合公司 铜锌合金的用途
EP1712648A2 (de) * 2005-04-16 2006-10-18 Diehl Metall Stiftung & Co. KG Kupfer-Zink-Legierung und Verwendung einer solchen Legierung
US20090022620A1 (en) * 2007-06-28 2009-01-22 Kai Weber Copper-zinc alloy, production method and use
CN102337421A (zh) * 2011-10-26 2012-02-01 宁波正元铜合金有限公司 一种复杂黄铜及其制备方法和用途
CN102851533A (zh) * 2012-09-26 2013-01-02 宁波正元铜合金有限公司 一种复杂黄铜及其制备方法和应用
US20140259674A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Honeywell International Inc. Brass alloys for use in turbocharger bearing applications

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BR112017018343A2 (pt) 2018-04-17
CN107429327B (zh) 2020-02-28
JP2018512506A (ja) 2018-05-17
WO2016150551A1 (de) 2016-09-29
HUE046704T2 (hu) 2020-03-30
DE102015003687A1 (de) 2016-09-29
EP3274481B1 (de) 2019-08-14
BR112017018343B1 (pt) 2021-11-23
US20180010212A1 (en) 2018-01-11
PL3274481T3 (pl) 2020-02-28
EP3274481A1 (de) 2018-01-31

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