CN107428247B - 用于具有附条件自动的驾驶辅助系统的架构 - Google Patents

用于具有附条件自动的驾驶辅助系统的架构 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN107428247B
CN107428247B CN201680004930.1A CN201680004930A CN107428247B CN 107428247 B CN107428247 B CN 107428247B CN 201680004930 A CN201680004930 A CN 201680004930A CN 107428247 B CN107428247 B CN 107428247B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
computer
communication network
architecture
upstream data
sensors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201680004930.1A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN107428247A (zh
Inventor
C.罗伯特
V.皮克隆
M.利曼
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Schalter und Sensoren GmbH
Original Assignee
Valeo Schalter und Sensoren GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Schalter und Sensoren GmbH filed Critical Valeo Schalter und Sensoren GmbH
Publication of CN107428247A publication Critical patent/CN107428247A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN107428247B publication Critical patent/CN107428247B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/0055Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots with safety arrangements
    • G05D1/0077Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots with safety arrangements using redundant signals or controls
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K28/00Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions
    • B60K28/10Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the vehicle 
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/023Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for transmission of signals between vehicle parts or subsystems
    • B60R16/0231Circuits relating to the driving or the functioning of the vehicle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/18Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/18Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems
    • B60W10/184Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems with wheel brakes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/20Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of steering systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/02Ensuring safety in case of control system failures, e.g. by diagnosing, circumventing or fixing failures
    • B60W50/023Avoiding failures by using redundant parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W60/00Drive control systems specially adapted for autonomous road vehicles
    • B60W60/005Handover processes
    • B60W60/0053Handover processes from vehicle to occupant
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W60/00Drive control systems specially adapted for autonomous road vehicles
    • B60W60/005Handover processes
    • B60W60/0061Aborting handover process
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W60/00Drive control systems specially adapted for autonomous road vehicles
    • B60W60/007Emergency override
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/0055Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots with safety arrangements
    • G05D1/0061Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots with safety arrangements for transition from automatic pilot to manual pilot and vice versa
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0231Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0257Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using a radar
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/0796Safety measures, i.e. ensuring safe condition in the event of error, e.g. for controlling element
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/16Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
    • G06F11/20Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements
    • G06F11/2015Redundant power supplies
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/16Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
    • G06F11/20Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements
    • G06F11/202Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements where processing functionality is redundant
    • G06F11/2048Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements where processing functionality is redundant where the redundant components share neither address space nor persistent storage
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40Bus networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40Bus networks
    • H04L12/40169Flexible bus arrangements
    • H04L12/40176Flexible bus arrangements involving redundancy
    • H04L12/40195Flexible bus arrangements involving redundancy by using a plurality of nodes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W2050/0001Details of the control system
    • B60W2050/0002Automatic control, details of type of controller or control system architecture
    • B60W2050/0004In digital systems, e.g. discrete-time systems involving sampling
    • B60W2050/0005Processor details or data handling, e.g. memory registers or chip architecture
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W2050/0001Details of the control system
    • B60W2050/0002Automatic control, details of type of controller or control system architecture
    • B60W2050/0004In digital systems, e.g. discrete-time systems involving sampling
    • B60W2050/0006Digital architecture hierarchy
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W2050/0001Details of the control system
    • B60W2050/0043Signal treatments, identification of variables or parameters, parameter estimation or state estimation
    • B60W2050/0044In digital systems
    • B60W2050/0045In digital systems using databus protocols
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/02Ensuring safety in case of control system failures, e.g. by diagnosing, circumventing or fixing failures
    • B60W50/0205Diagnosing or detecting failures; Failure detection models
    • B60W2050/0215Sensor drifts or sensor failures
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2420/00Indexing codes relating to the type of sensors based on the principle of their operation
    • B60W2420/40Photo, light or radio wave sensitive means, e.g. infrared sensors
    • B60W2420/403Image sensing, e.g. optical camera
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2420/00Indexing codes relating to the type of sensors based on the principle of their operation
    • B60W2420/40Photo, light or radio wave sensitive means, e.g. infrared sensors
    • B60W2420/408Radar; Laser, e.g. lidar
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2201/00Indexing scheme relating to error detection, to error correction, and to monitoring
    • G06F2201/805Real-time
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40Bus networks
    • H04L2012/40208Bus networks characterized by the use of a particular bus standard
    • H04L2012/40215Controller Area Network CAN
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40Bus networks
    • H04L2012/40267Bus for use in transportation systems
    • H04L2012/40273Bus for use in transportation systems the transportation system being a vehicle

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Safety Devices In Control Systems (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于具有附条件自动的驾驶辅助系统的架构,其能够控制车辆的自动紧急停止,包括:至少三种不同技术的传感器的组(2),用于观察车辆前方的区域;主计算机(10),其能够经由第一上游数据通信网络从所述传感器组(2)接收信息,且经由第一下游通信网络将命令传输至发动机控制系统的第一计算机(3)、至制动系统的第二计算机(4)和至转向控制系统的第三计算机(5);备用计算机(11),能够经由第二上游数据通信网络从所述传感器组接收信息;主电源,链接至每个计算机;和备用电源。该架构包括第二下游通信网络,其仅将备用计算机(11)连接至制动系统的所述第二计算机(4),用于传输命令,且备用电源仅连接至主计算机(10)、至备用计算机(11)和至制动系统的第二计算机(4)。

Description

用于具有附条件自动的驾驶辅助系统的架构
技术领域
本发明大体涉及装备有自动驾驶辅助系统的机动车辆,且更准确地,涉及所谓的“附条件自动”系统。
背景技术
驾驶自动是先进的,以便解决大量问题,诸如安全、移动性、环保驾驶和对所有人的驾驶可达性。现今,在专门区域中可以具有全自动无人驾驶车辆。对于与自动道路车辆有关的项目并不是这样,在看到自动道路车辆销售之前,这样的车辆有很多问题需要解决,特别是在法律领域和安全领域。特别地,在存在驾驶员的自动道路车辆的情况下,维也纳公约在第8.5条中要求驾驶员必须总是能够控制他的车辆。
SAE(汽车工程师协会的首字母)自动道路车辆标准委员会最近公布了新的报告,提供自动驾驶等级的分类(2014年1月16日“关于道路机动车辆自动驾驶系统的术语的分类和定义”,标准J3016),对于每个分类等级,包括驾驶员和一个或多个自动系统之间共享驾驶监督管理的规则。更准确地,该报告定义了六个等级,从车辆没有任何自动系统的等级0到车辆完全自动的等级5,其间经过不同的自动化程度,其中,每次自动化的份额增加,驾驶员责任的份额减小。由此:
-等级1对应于驾驶辅助系统,其仅涉及车辆的纵向控制(例如,通过首字母ACC或“自动巡航控制”已知的系统),或仅涉及车辆的横向控制(例如,用于辅助在车道中的路径保持的系统,或用于在超车或超车后停车或避让过程情况下使用的辅助变道的系统);
-等级2对应于所谓的“部分自动”等级,其中,一个或多个驾驶辅助系统可组合车辆的横向和纵向控制;
-等级3对应于所谓的“附条件自动”等级,其中,驾驶员在被确定的时间跨度上和特定类型道路(例如高速)上被允许不专注于驾驶。与之有关的自动系统则监管车辆的横向和/或纵向控制,但必须在有问题的时候,将责任让出给驾驶员。
-等级4对应于车辆的完全自动,但驾驶员具有在任何情况下委派驾驶且在他希望时还给他的可能性,这独立于时长和任何特定区域;
-等级5对应于完全自动车辆,且驾驶员没有交互的可能性。
根据SAE的等级0至5基本对应于负责道路安全的美国联邦机构NHTSA(“国家公路交通安全管理局”)的等级0至4。
由于维也纳公约的上述条款,处于等级3至5的车辆现在没有被法律允许。等级0至2另一方面被允许,因为驾驶员实际上仍然是驾驶的唯一监管者。
在此之后的关注是根据SAE或NHTSA标准的等级3的未来自动车辆的项目,其装备有附条件自动系统。维也纳公约的修改——其现在施加永久驾驶员责任——的接受作为最低要求要求实施一定数量的操作安全程序以及允许驾驶员在系统失效时回到监管状态的策略。
特别重要的策略涉及在驾驶员不能重获控制的情况下回到安全状态。在该情况下,且特别地当车辆在公路上以相对低的速度行进时,对于系统足够的是,在其行进车道上进行车辆的停止。通常在该策略的应用中实施的各个阶段在图1中示意性地示出,其示出该动作对车辆速度的作为时间的函数的结果。
在该图1中,td表示检测到严重失效的时刻,这要求驾驶员理论上重获控制。从该时刻,附条件自动系统必须公认地将控制让出给驾驶员,但是必须确保在短时间跨度(典型地五至十秒)的功能,以便允许驾驶员真正地重获驾驶的控制。该阶段在图中由阶段_1表示,且示出车辆的速度保持恒定。如果驾驶员在该阶段_1完成时没有反应,则系统开始缓和地制动(在图1中为阶段_2,也是五至十秒)。最后,如果驾驶员在该阶段_2完成时仍然没有反应,则该系统指示更大的制动,直到车辆完全停止。该阶段在图1中由阶段_3表示。
从功能的视角,为了确保回到安全状态,附条件自动系统必须能够检查在车辆前方发生什么,能够控制制动系统和发动机控制系统以便作为结果调整速度,且能够控制电子转向控制系统,以便保持在同一个驾驶车道中。
这些在操作安全方面的要求涉及使用具有大冗余性的架构,由此明显影响这些系统的成本。由此,根据国际标准ISO 26262——其根据称为“ASIL A、ASIL B、ASIL C和ASILD”(表示汽车安全完整性等级的首字母)的四个等级特别地定义失效临界分类,等级3(附条件自动)必须是ASIL D,由此特别地提出车辆具有至少三个不同技术的传感器的规定,以观察车辆环境的同一个区域。由此确保良好检测的性能评价,足以与ASIL D安全目标匹配,且外部干扰发射机防止三种类型的传感器同时失效。
此外,在已知的架构中,系统的计算机、(典型地通过CAN总线)允许一方面传感器和该计算机与另一方面系统的计算机和用于回到安全状态的策略涉及的其他计算机(制动系统计算机、发动机控制计算机和转向控制计算机)之间的交换的连接以及这些计算机操作所必需的电源通常翻倍,以便在关于附条件安全系统的计算机失效的情况下确保操作安全。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种用于具有等级-3附条件自动的驾驶辅助系统的可支付成本的架构。
因而,本发明的主题是一种用于具有附条件自动的驾驶辅助系统的架构,其能够控制车辆的自动紧急停止,包括:
-至少三种不同技术的传感器的组,用于观察车辆前方的区域;
-主计算机,其能够通过第一上游数据通信网络从所述传感器组接收信息,且通过第一下游通信网络将命令传输至发动机控制系统的第一计算机、至制动系统的第二计算机和至转向控制系统的第三计算机;
-备用计算机,其能够通过第二上游数据通信网络从所述传感器组接收信息;
-主电源,链接至每个计算机;和
-备用电源;
其特征在于,其包括第二下游通信网络,其仅将备用计算机链接至制动系统的所述第二计算机,用于传输命令,且在于,备用电源仅链接至主计算机、至备用计算机和至制动系统的第二计算机。
根据该架构的其他可能特征:
-第一和第二上游和下游数据通信网络是串行数据总线网络,优选地为CAN网络;
-备用计算机与主计算机相同,在该情况下,它们二者具有相同的失效临界等级,优选地为ASIL D等级;
-作为变体,备用计算机可仅具有比主计算机低的失效临界等级,例如是ASIL B等级,如果主计算机是ASIL D的话;
-该传感器组例如包括至少一个图像传感器、一个雷达传感器和一个激光传感器;
-备用计算机可链接至主计算机,且被控制为以便,仅在关于主计算机的失效的情况下,通过第二上游数据通信网络从所述传感器组接收信息;
-作为变体,备用计算机通过第二上游数据通信网络从所述传感器组永久地接收信息,甚至在没有关于主计算机的失效的情况下。
附图说明
参考附图的以下描述,将更好地理解本发明和其带来的优势,在附图中:
图1,已在上文中描述,示意性地示出由具有附条件自动的驾驶辅助系统以用于回到安全状态的已知策略实施的阶段;
图2示意性地示出一种根据本发明的示例架构,用于具有附条件自动的驾驶辅助系统。
具体实施方式
贯穿本说明书,任何等级3(SAE/NHTSA)的驾驶辅助系统称为“具有附条件自动的驾驶辅助系统”。
参考图2,一种用于具有附条件自动的驾驶辅助系统的架构,其能够控制车辆的自动紧急停止并根据图1所述的情景确保回到安全状态,通常包括核心控制模块1,该核心控制模块包括:
-一方面,主计算机10,其能够通过第一上游数据通信网络从传感器组2接收信息,所述传感器组2能够观察车辆前部的区域;
-另一方面,备用计算机11,链接到主计算机10,且能够通过第二上游数据通信网络从所述传感器组2接收信息。
该系统具有ASIL D失效临界等级,从而对于组2,设置为使用三种不同的用于传感器的技术。由此,作为非限制性例子,该组2可包括至少一个激光传感器20、一个雷达传感器21和一个图像传感器22。不管使用哪种不同技术(或类型)的组合,本发明的原理都是可应用的。
在图2中,第一上游网络包括在传感器20至22和主计算机10之间如实线示意性示出的三个连接,而第二上游网络包括在这些传感器20至22和备用计算机10之间如虚线示意性示出的三个连接。
主计算机10的作用是处理来自传感器20至22的信息,且特别地,如果必要的话,应用用于回到安全状态的策略,如参考图1所述。因而,该计算机10能够传输适当的命令至在该策略中涉及的车辆的各个计算机,特别地分别传输至:
-发动机控制系统的第一计算机3,
-制动系统的第二计算机4;和
-转向控制系统的第三计算机5。
命令的传输通过第一下游通信网络执行,其通过主计算机10和三个计算机3、4和5之间的实线连接表示。
所有上述计算机通过主电源供电,例如电池(图2中的+BAT1)。
备用计算机11的作用是在主计算机10失效的情况下将其自身替代为主计算机。
根据本发明,代替该系统的计算机和三个计算机3、4和5之间的下游通信网络的翻倍,在此设置为,提供将备用计算机11仅链接至制动系统的第二计算机4的第二下游通信网络,用于命令的传输。该第二下游通信网络在备用计算机11和制动计算机4之间用虚线表示。
该类型的控制足以还控制车辆的转向,特别是低速。实际上,制动系统的计算机现在全是所谓的ESP计算机(表示电子稳定程序的首字母),其可以不同的方式命令每个轮子上的制动,且由此做到车辆保持在其车道内,直到其停止。
此外,为了缓解主电源+BAT1的可能故障,备用电源(图2中的+BAT2)——例如是电池——被设置在该架构中。在此又一次,通过将该备用电源设置为仅被主计算机10、备用计算机11和制动系统的计算机4单独使用,该架构被简化到仅剩必要的程度。
换句话说,根据本发明的架构包括在系统计算机下游使得仅用于制动系统的计算机4的通信网络和双电源形成冗余。
这导致成本减少,其决不限制在驾驶员不能重获控制的情况下回到安全状态的保证。
在图2的框架内,已经考虑,备用计算机11链接到主计算机10,从而其仅在主计算机失效的情况下在接收和发射时操作。
但是,在没有偏离本发明的范围的情况下,可以不链接两个计算机10和11。在该情况下,两个计算机10和11永久地并行操作,且在主计算机失效的情况下,下游的计算机3、4和5切换到备用模式。这则是“热冗余”。该方案允许更快的重构但消耗更多的能量。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于具有附条件自动的驾驶辅助系统的架构,其能够控制车辆的自动紧急停止,包括:
-至少三种不同技术的传感器组(2),用于观察车辆前方的区域;
-主计算机(10),其能够通过第一上游数据通信网络从所述传感器组(2)接收信息,且通过第一下游通信网络将命令传输至发动机控制系统的第一计算机(3)、传输至制动系统的第二计算机(4)和传输至转向控制系统的第三计算机(5);
-备用计算机(11),其能够通过第二上游数据通信网络从所述传感器组接收信息;
-主电源,链接至每个计算机;和
-备用电源;
其特征在于,其包括第二下游通信网络,其仅将备用计算机(11)链接至所述制动系统的第二计算机(4)、用于传输命令,且特征在于,备用电源仅链接至主计算机(10)、至备用计算机(11)和至制动系统的第二计算机(4)。
2.如权利要求1所述的架构,其特征在于,第一上游数据通信网络、第一下游通信网络、第二上游数据通信网络和第二下游通信网络是串行数据总线网络。
3.如权利要求2所述的架构,其特征在于,第一上游数据通信网络、第一下游通信网络、第二上游数据通信网络和第二下游通信网络是CAN网络。
4.如权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的架构,其特征在于,备用计算机(11)与主计算机(10)相同。
5.如权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的架构,其特征在于,备用计算机(11)具有比主计算机(10)低的失效临界等级。
6.如权利要求5所述的架构,其特征在于,主计算机(10)的失效临界等级是ASIL D,备用计算机(11)的失效临界等级是ASIL B。
7.如权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的架构,其特征在于,所述传感器组(2)包括至少一个图像传感器、一个雷达传感器和一个激光传感器。
8.如权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的架构,其特征在于,备用计算机(11)链接至主计算机(10),且被控制为使得仅在关于主计算机(10)的失效的情况下、通过第二上游数据通信网络从所述传感器组接收信息。
9.如权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的架构,其特征在于,备用计算机(11)通过第二上游数据通信网络从所述传感器组永久地接收信息。
10.如权利要求9所述的架构,其特征在于,在没有关于主计算机(10)的失效的情况下,备用计算机(11)通过第二上游数据通信网络从所述传感器组永久地接收信息。
CN201680004930.1A 2015-01-05 2016-01-04 用于具有附条件自动的驾驶辅助系统的架构 Active CN107428247B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1500005 2015-01-05
FR1500005A FR3031406B1 (fr) 2015-01-05 2015-01-05 Architecture pour systeme d'aide a la conduite a automatisation conditionnelle
PCT/EP2016/050025 WO2016110464A1 (fr) 2015-01-05 2016-01-04 Architecture pour système d'aide à la conduite à automatisation conditionnelle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN107428247A CN107428247A (zh) 2017-12-01
CN107428247B true CN107428247B (zh) 2020-04-21

Family

ID=52737289

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201680004930.1A Active CN107428247B (zh) 2015-01-05 2016-01-04 用于具有附条件自动的驾驶辅助系统的架构

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20180267535A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP3242823B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP6655624B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN107428247B (zh)
FR (1) FR3031406B1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2016110464A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017207483A1 (de) * 2016-12-15 2018-06-21 Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg Steuervorrichtung für ein fahrzeug, bremsensteuergerät und verfahren zur steuerung eines fahrzeugs
EP3376249A1 (en) * 2017-03-17 2018-09-19 Veoneer Sweden AB Enhanced object position detection
FR3071800B1 (fr) 2017-09-29 2021-04-02 Psa Automobiles Sa Procede d’assistance a la conduite d’un vehicule lors d’une defaillance d’un reseau et systeme associe
DE102017217856A1 (de) 2017-10-06 2019-04-11 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Bremssystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Bremssystems
DE102017218898A1 (de) 2017-10-23 2019-04-25 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Kontrollsystem für ein Batteriesystem
CN107908186B (zh) * 2017-11-07 2021-07-02 驭势科技(北京)有限公司 用于控制无人驾驶车辆运行的方法及系统
DE102017010716A1 (de) * 2017-11-10 2019-05-16 Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH System zum wenigstens teilautonomen Betrieb eines Kraftfahrzeugs mit doppelter Redundanz
GB201720266D0 (en) * 2017-12-05 2018-01-17 Trw Ltd Controlling the operation of a vehicle
CN108089579A (zh) * 2017-12-13 2018-05-29 南京多伦科技股份有限公司 一种机器人智能自动驾驶系统
US10678243B2 (en) * 2018-02-13 2020-06-09 Chongqing Jinkang New Energy Vehicle Co., Ltd. Systems and methods for scalable electrical engineering (EE) architecture in vehicular environments
FR3080073B1 (fr) * 2018-04-12 2020-12-18 Psa Automobiles Sa Dispositif d’alimentation electrique auxiliaire pour vehicule
CN112437735B (zh) * 2018-07-16 2024-06-18 日产自动车株式会社 驾驶辅助车辆的控制方法以及控制系统
CN111661062A (zh) * 2019-03-05 2020-09-15 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 自动驾驶控制方法、装置及系统
JP7215315B2 (ja) * 2019-04-26 2023-01-31 トヨタ自動車株式会社 車両システム
EP3778309B1 (en) 2019-08-15 2022-04-13 Apollo Intelligent Driving Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. Autonomous vehicle and system for autonomous vehicle
CN112634371B (zh) 2019-09-24 2023-12-15 阿波罗智联(北京)科技有限公司 用于输出信息、标定相机的方法和装置
WO2021076888A1 (en) * 2019-10-16 2021-04-22 Lhp, Inc. Safety supervisor system for vehicles
CN112298208B (zh) * 2020-10-21 2022-05-17 长城汽车股份有限公司 自动驾驶横向辅助控制方法及横向辅助系统
EP4228225A4 (en) * 2020-10-30 2023-11-22 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. INFORMATION TRANSMISSION METHOD, CONTROL APPARATUS, ELECTROMAGNETIC SIGNAL TRANSCEIVER APPARATUS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING DEVICE
CN112356846A (zh) * 2020-11-19 2021-02-12 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 一种自动驾驶控制系统、方法和车辆
WO2022115713A1 (en) * 2020-11-30 2022-06-02 Nuro, Inc. Hardware systems for an autonomous vehicle
US20240001967A1 (en) 2020-12-04 2024-01-04 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Redundant System
CN113093618B (zh) * 2021-04-06 2022-05-17 北京航空航天大学 一种刹车控制器硬件架构及控制方法
US20220324434A1 (en) * 2021-04-09 2022-10-13 Steering Solutions Ip Holding Corporation System and method to determine second ecu state using shared sensor in a dual ecu system
CN113359759B (zh) * 2021-06-24 2023-05-09 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 基于自动驾驶的泊车控制方法、系统、车辆及存储介质

Family Cites Families (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4654846A (en) * 1983-12-20 1987-03-31 Rca Corporation Spacecraft autonomous redundancy control
DE10052261A1 (de) * 2000-10-19 2002-05-02 Deere & Co Steuereinrichtung für die Parksperre eines Kraftfahrzeugs
US6527348B2 (en) * 2001-05-22 2003-03-04 Caterpillar Inc Braking system for a construction machine
JP3866536B2 (ja) * 2001-06-27 2007-01-10 株式会社デンソー 車両の自動運転システム
US6856045B1 (en) * 2002-01-29 2005-02-15 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Power distribution assembly with redundant architecture
US6885927B2 (en) * 2002-04-17 2005-04-26 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for controlling an electric power steering system
US7117390B1 (en) * 2002-05-20 2006-10-03 Sandia Corporation Practical, redundant, failure-tolerant, self-reconfiguring embedded system architecture
JP4848027B2 (ja) * 2004-01-30 2011-12-28 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 車両制御装置
JP4345547B2 (ja) * 2004-03-31 2009-10-14 トヨタ自動車株式会社 ハイブリッド車両の制御システム
US7289889B2 (en) * 2004-04-13 2007-10-30 General Motors Corporation Vehicle control system and method
DE102006008958A1 (de) * 2005-03-10 2006-09-28 Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg Elektronisches Kraftfahrzeugbremsensteuergerät
JP2008149807A (ja) * 2006-12-15 2008-07-03 Hitachi Ltd 車両負荷制御装置
US9188980B2 (en) * 2008-09-11 2015-11-17 Deere & Company Vehicle with high integrity perception system
US8935569B2 (en) * 2010-03-23 2015-01-13 Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg Control computer system, method for controlling a control computer system, and use of a control computer system
ES2392390T3 (es) * 2010-05-25 2012-12-10 Fiat Group Automobiles S.P.A. Gestión del funcionamiento del sistema eléctrico de un automóvil durante la marcha en el punto muerto y/o cuando el motor está parado
DE102012203673A1 (de) * 2011-03-09 2012-10-04 Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg Sicherheitsvorrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Kraftfahrzeugs
DE102011108292A1 (de) * 2011-07-21 2012-04-05 Daimler Ag Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Fahrerassistenzvorrichtung
DE102011117116B4 (de) * 2011-10-27 2014-02-13 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Steuereinrichtung zum wenigstens teilweise autonomen Betrieb eines Fahrzeugs und Fahrzeug mit solch einer Steuereinrichtung
FR2989047B1 (fr) * 2012-04-05 2014-04-11 Renault Sa Systeme de commande de vehicule en mode autonome et vehicule comprenant un tel systeme de commande
DE102012210106A1 (de) * 2012-06-15 2013-12-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Sensoranordnung für eine Elektrik/Elektronik-Architektur und zugehörige Elektrik/Elektronik-Architektur für ein Fahrzeug
US9697096B2 (en) * 2013-03-14 2017-07-04 Fts Computertechnik Gmbh Method for limiting the risk of errors in a redundant, safety-related control system for a motor vehicle
JP2014180941A (ja) * 2013-03-19 2014-09-29 Denso Corp 車両用乗員保護装置
US9187079B2 (en) * 2013-06-28 2015-11-17 Caterpillar Inc. Retarding system for an electric drive machine
JP2015013541A (ja) * 2013-07-04 2015-01-22 株式会社ジェイテクト 電動パワーステアリング装置
US9266518B2 (en) * 2013-11-08 2016-02-23 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Component control system for a vehicle
DE102013020177A1 (de) * 2013-11-30 2014-06-18 Daimler Ag Kraftfahrzeug
JP5867495B2 (ja) * 2013-12-20 2016-02-24 株式会社デンソー 電子制御装置
US9563590B2 (en) * 2014-03-17 2017-02-07 Nxp Usa, Inc. Devices with arbitrated interface busses, and methods of their operation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN107428247A (zh) 2017-12-01
WO2016110464A1 (fr) 2016-07-14
US20180267535A1 (en) 2018-09-20
FR3031406A1 (fr) 2016-07-08
JP6655624B2 (ja) 2020-02-26
JP2018504309A (ja) 2018-02-15
FR3031406B1 (fr) 2017-07-28
EP3242823A1 (fr) 2017-11-15
EP3242823B1 (fr) 2018-10-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN107428247B (zh) 用于具有附条件自动的驾驶辅助系统的架构
DE102020118412A1 (de) Unabhängige sicherheitsüberwachung eines automatisierten fahrsystems
KR102173984B1 (ko) 자율주행 차량의 브레이크 제어 장치
US9566966B2 (en) Method for carrying out a safety function of a vehicle and system for carrying out the method
CN112622930A (zh) 无人车的行驶控制方法、装置、设备以及自动驾驶车辆
DE102018219674A1 (de) Fahrsteuereinrichtung und Verfahren für Fahrzeug
EP3385934B1 (de) Vorrichtung für die steuerung eines sicherheitsrelevanten vorganges, verfahren zum testen der funktionsfähigkeit der vorrichtung, sowie kraftfahrzeug mit der vorrichtung
US11390291B2 (en) Method and device for the assisted, partially automated, highly automated, fully automated or driverless driving of a motor vehicle
CN112542053A (zh) 用于实施机动车的功能的方法和设备
US20210245774A1 (en) Vehicle and vehicle control interface
Yu et al. Fallback strategy for level 4+ automated driving system
DE102017208462A1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ermitteln von Betriebsdaten für ein automatisiertes Fahrzeug
DE102019214461A1 (de) Verfahren zum Fernsteuern eines Kraftfahrzeugs
CN113359572A (zh) 一种双模热备份无人驾驶控制系统和方法
CN112537312A (zh) 用于远程控制机动车的方法、设备和存储介质
Biron et al. Distributed fault detection and estimation for cooperative adaptive cruise control system in a platoon
CN112537310A (zh) 用于安全求取基础设施数据的方法、设备、基础设施和存储介质
CN112537311A (zh) 用于安全可靠地至少部分自动化地引导机动车的方法
van Nunen et al. Towards a safety mechanism for platooning
CN112537316A (zh) 用于至少部分自动化地引导机动车的方法
CN113412455A (zh) 具有预期功能的保障的行驶动态系统的测量数据分析评价
KR102446142B1 (ko) 자율주행 차량의 브레이크 제어 장치
CN112124377B (zh) 控制模式确定方法、智能车载控制器及可读存储介质
US20200377118A1 (en) Vehicle system
KR102456794B1 (ko) 자율주행 차량의 브레이크 제어 장치

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant