CN107427433B - 酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂及皮肤外用剂 - Google Patents
酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂及皮肤外用剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107427433B CN107427433B CN201680021331.0A CN201680021331A CN107427433B CN 107427433 B CN107427433 B CN 107427433B CN 201680021331 A CN201680021331 A CN 201680021331A CN 107427433 B CN107427433 B CN 107427433B
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- acid
- extract
- component
- tyrosinase activity
- zinc
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Abstract
将α‑硫辛酰氨基酸的金属螯合物(金属为锌、钴或铁)或其药理上所允许的盐(A)和人锰SOD(B‑1)或抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸葡糖苷等抗坏血酸类(B‑2)组合而制成酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂。优选(A)成分和(B‑1)成分的使用比率(R1)在定义为R1=[(B‑1)成分的单元浓度(unit/mL)/(A)成分的浓度(μg/mL)]时为0.001~1,500,优选(A)成分和(B‑2)成分的使用比率(R2)在定义为R2=[(A)成分的浓度(μg/mL)]/[(B‑2)成分的浓度(mg/mL)]时为0.0001~1,000。作为用于抑制酪氨酸酶活性的有效成分,组合上述(A)成分和(B‑1)成分或(B‑2)成分而配合于皮肤外用剂中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型的酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂及含有该酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂的皮肤外用剂。
背景技术
α-硫辛酸(别名:硫辛酸或6,8-二硫辛酸)是丰富地存在于线粒体内的重要的辅酶,具有抗氧化能力,因此,作为氧化应激的各种病症的治疗药备受关注。另外,还原型的二巯基辛酸具有使氧化型的谷胱甘肽或维生素C等进行还原再生的作用。着眼于所述的α-硫辛酸的抗氧化能力,目前正在进行用于将α-硫辛酸用作医药品或化妆品的原料的研究。例如,在专利文献1中记载了:α-硫辛酰氨基酸(由α-硫辛酸和氨基酸形成的酸酰胺)的金属螯合物或其药理学上可以允许的盐具有:对作为参与黑色素产生的酶而已知的酪氨酸酶的活性进行抑制的作用、或对作为存在于皮肤组织的弹性蛋白的分解酶的弹性蛋白酶的活性进行抑制的作用,可用于皮肤的褐斑、雀斑、对晒伤的预防/治疗药、美白剂、美肌剂、抗皱剂等。
在专利文献2中,记载了没有进行螯合化的α-硫辛酰氨基酸或其药理学上可以允许的盐具有弹性蛋白酶抑制效果,且具有黑色素产生抑制效果,及将其作为成分含有的适于美肌用、美白用、晒斑预防/治疗用等的皮肤外用剂(在下文中有时将记载于专利文献1及2的α-硫辛酰氨基酸及其金属螯合物以及这些药理学上可以允许的盐汇总简称为α-硫辛酸衍生物)。进一步在专利文献3中记载了α-硫辛酰氨基酸的金属螯合物具有消去在肌肤中生成的黑色素色素凝聚沉积(老人斑、雀斑、黑点)的效果。在这些α-硫辛酸衍生物中,专利文献1中所记载的α-硫辛酸衍生物具有特别优异的酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力,但在最近的化妆料中,期望开发具有更高度的酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力的材料。
另一方面,作为主要对在人的体内成为氧化应激原因的活性氧进行处理的抗氧化酶,已知有超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,在下文中有时简称为SOD)。在包含人的哺乳类中,已知存在有3种SOD,即SOD1、SOD2及SOD3。SOD1和SOD3以铜和锌为活性中心,SOD1是由2个单元形成的二聚物,SOD3是由4个单元形成的四聚物,前者存在于细胞质中,后者存在于细胞外空间中。另外,SOD2是在活性中心具有锰,并由4个单元形成的分子量为24.8kDa的四聚物,局部存在于线粒体中。该锰SOD具有在线粒体内对超氧化物阴离子成为氧和过氧化氢的反应进行帮助的作用,产生的过氧化氢通过过氧化氢酶等作用而被分解为水和氧。
目前,正在进行将所述的SOD或其类似物或变异体作为医药品或化妆料的成分使用的研究,在专利文献4中记载了人锰SOD、其类似物或其突变体可用作滑膜炎病、关节炎或肺纤维症的治疗药。在专利文献4中,“人锰SOD类似物”意指在一端或两端键合有1个以上的附加氨基酸的人锰SOD,“人锰SOD突变体”意指与人锰SOD实质上相同,但具有包含1个以上不同的氨基酸的氨基酸序列的多肽。
另外,在专利文献5中记载了将SOD和膦酸衍生物组合而配合成的皮肤用或毛发用的化妆料。记载了该化妆料具有维持皮肤或毛发的角蛋白结构的功能,且可以保护皮肤免受紫外线的有害的影响。另外,在该专利文献中,记载了几个存在的SOD类型中,优选以铜和锌为活性中心的物质,即SOD1或SOD3。
并且,在专利文献6中公开了如下得到使等电点上升的人锰变异SOD:在人锰SOD的肽序列中,将即使置换为其它氨基酸也对酶活性不产生影响的部位的氨基酸残基,进一步用带正电荷的氨基酸残基取代,记载了:通过使等电点显著地上升,可以提高对皮肤组织的浸透性,由此发挥对各种炎症性疾病、癌、高血压病等的药理效果,同时也可以作为化妆品使用(参照段落0075)。但是,在该专利文献6中,虽然公开了人锰变异SOD作为化妆品使用,但是,没不存在与作为化妆品的使用有关的具体记述,另外,完全没有记载在用作化妆品的情况下显示怎样的性能。
α-硫辛酸衍生物或SOD是化学结构完全不同的化合物,抗坏血酸作为抗氧化剂众所周知。在抗坏血酸中存在光学异构体,L体作为维生素C已知,在生物体内参与各种各样的氧化还原反应。在化妆品的领域中,抗坏血酸、其衍生物或其盐被配合于许多制品中,特别是配合于以皮肤的色黑、老人斑、雀斑等改善为目的的美白化妆料的提案增多。
另外,目前也已知有将α-硫辛酸和抗坏血酸组合而使用的尝试。例如,在专利文献7中,提出了一种含有α-硫辛酸、二氢硫辛酸等硫辛酸类化合物和维生素类的医药,作为维生素类的具体例,可举出维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素E,还可以举出维生素C(参照权利要求2)。而且,记载了制备含有α-硫辛酸和维生素C(L-抗坏血酸)各等量的安瓿剂及药片(参照例3及例4)。但是,在该专利文献中,对组合α-硫辛酸和维生素C而制成化妆料没有任何公开。
在专利文献8中,提出了一种含有选自硫辛酸类化合物、和维生素A、类胡萝卜素类、维生素B6、维生素C等中的化合物的皮肤外用剂,记载有通过它们的组合而协同地提高消去活性氧种的作用,可以发挥有效的皮肤粗糙或皮肤老化症状的改善及美白作用(参照段落0006)。而且,在该专利文献的实施例中,报道有在含有硫辛酸和抗坏血酸的体系(实施例1)及含有二氢硫辛酸和视黄醇棕榈酸酯(维生素A衍生物)的体系(实施例4)的任一体系中均改善了皮肤粗糙症状及色素沉积(参照表7)。但是,记载于该专利文献的皮肤外用剂由后述的比较例的记载也得知,不能可以说具有充分的酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力,期望进一步改善。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:国际公开2002/076935号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2003-286168号公报
专利文献3:国际公开2004/024139号公报
专利文献4:日本特开平1-27470号公报
专利文献5:日本特表平6-507165号公报
专利文献6:日本特开平6-245763号公报
专利文献7:日本特开平6-135832号公报
专利文献8:日本特开平10-007541号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的技术问题
本发明人等在所述的背景技术下进行了深入研究的结果发现,将特定的α-硫辛酸衍生物和特定的人SOD或特定的抗坏血酸类组合而使用时,与分别单独使用的情况相比,产生非常优异的酪氨酸酶活性抑制作用,直至完成本发明。
本发明的主要目的在于,提供一种具有高度优异的酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力的酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂,其它目的在于,提供一种可以抑制皮肤中所含的酪氨酸酶的活性,并可以用作美白剂等的皮肤外用剂。
用于解决技术问题的技术方案
本发明的所述的目的通过将特定的α-硫辛酰氨基酸的金属螯合物或其药理学上所允许的盐、与特定的人SOD或特定的抗坏血酸类组合而作为酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂使用来实现。
这样,根据本发明,作为第一发明,提供一种酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂,其包括下述式(1)所表示的α-硫辛酰氨基酸的金属螯合物或其药理上所允许的盐(A)、与人锰SOD(B-1)或抗坏血酸类(B-2)的组合,所述抗坏血酸类(B-2)选自抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸葡糖苷、抗坏血酸磷酸单酯及它们的盐中的1种或2种以上。另外,作为第二发明,提供一种皮肤外用剂,其含有下述式(1)所表示的α-硫辛酰氨基酸的金属螯合物或其药理上所允许的盐(A),并含有人锰SOD(B-1)或选自抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸葡糖苷、抗坏血酸磷酸单酯及它们的盐中的1种或2种以上的抗坏血酸类(B-2)。
[化学式1]
式中,M表示选自锌、钴及铁中的金属,A表示进行了N-键合的氨基酸残基。
发明的效果
根据本发明,通过使用特定的α-硫辛酸衍生物,并组合使用特定的人SOD或特定的抗坏血酸类,可得到具备优异的酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力的酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂。另外,通过将特定的α-硫辛酸衍生物、并将特定的人SOD或特定的抗坏血酸类作为有效成分配合,可以有效地抑制酪氨酸酶的活性,可以制备美白效果优异的皮肤外用剂。
具体实施方式
以下,对本发明详细地进行说明。
<酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂>
本发明的酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂是对由α-硫辛酸和氨基酸形成的酸酰胺的金属螯合物或其药理学上可以允许的盐(A)、与人锰超氧化物歧化酶(B-1)或特定的抗坏血酸类(B-2)进行组合而成的。需要说明的是,在以下的说明中,有时将由α-硫辛酸和氨基酸形成的酸酰胺的金属螯合物或其药理学上可以允许的盐简称为“(A)成分”,将人锰超氧化物歧化酶简称为“(B-1)成分”,将特定的抗坏血酸类简称为“(B-2)成分”。另外,有时将(B-1)成分和(B-2)成分汇总称为“(B)成分”。上述(A)成分和(B)成分可以预先混合而作为组合物使用,但也可以分别对各自的成分进行保管,在制备作为皮肤外用剂等目标产品时各自配合。
<α-硫辛酸衍生物>
本发明的酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂使用α-硫辛酰氨基酸的金属螯合物物或其药理学上可以允许的盐作为有效成分。α-硫辛酰氨基酸的金属螯合物是α-硫辛酸与氨基酸进行酰胺键合、进一步金属进行螯合键合而成的,并用上述式(1)表示。
本发明中,氨基酸意指在同一分子内具有羧基和氨基的所谓的α-氨基酸、β-氨基酸、γ-氨基酸、δ-氨基酸、ε-氨基酸等脂肪族氨基酸、或氨基甲基环己烷羧酸、氨茴酸等脂环族或芳香族氨基酸,以及在同一分子内具有磺酸基和氨基的氨基链烷磺酸。作为α-氨基酸,可举出例如:甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、酪氨酸、半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸、天冬氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、精氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、苯丙氨酸、色氨酸等;作为β-氨基酸,可举出β-丙氨酸等;作为γ-氨基酸,可举出γ-氨基-正丁酸(GABA)或肉毒碱等;作为δ-氨基酸,可举出5-氨基乙酰丙酸或5-氨基戊酸等;作为ε-氨基酸,可举出6-氨基己酸等。另外,作为氨基链烷磺酸,可举出氨基乙烷磺酸(牛磺酸)等。这些氨基酸中,优选蛋氨酸、组氨酸、苯丙氨酸、γ-氨基-正丁酸、6-氨基己酸、氨茴酸及氨基乙烷磺酸。
作为用于将α-硫辛酰氨基酸制成金属螯合物的金属,可使用锌、钴或铁,其中,使用锌时,可以得到稳定的螯合物。
作为该螯合物的药理学上可以允许的盐,可举出钠盐或钾盐等碱金属盐及钙盐或镁盐等碱土金属盐,但可以为这些金属盐以外的盐,只要是药理学上可以允许的盐,即使为任意金属盐,也可以适当使用。
作为所述的α-硫辛酰氨基酸的金属螯合物或其药理学上可以允许的盐的优选的具体例,可举出例如:N-(6,8-二巯基辛酰基)-L-组氨酸钠锌螯合物(在下文中有时称为组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌))、N-(6,8-二巯基辛酰基)氨基乙烷磺酸钠锌螯合物、N-(6,8-二巯基辛酰基)氨基乙烷磺酸钾锌螯合物、N-(6,8-二巯基辛酰基)甘氨酸钠锌螯合物、N-(6,8-二巯基辛酰基)天冬氨酸钠锌螯合物、N-(6,8-二巯基辛酰基)-6-氨基己酸钠锌螯合物、N-(6,8-二巯基辛酰基)-γ-氨基-正丁酸钠锌螯合物、N-(6,8-二巯基辛酰基)苯丙氨酸钠锌螯合物、N-(6,8-二巯基辛酰基)氨茴酸钠锌螯合物、N-(6,8-二巯基辛酰基)蛋氨酸锌螯合物、N-(6,8-二巯基辛酰基)半胱氨酸锌螯合物等。另外,可例示对应于这些化合物的钴螯合物或铁螯合物。
这些化合物也可以以1水合物、2水合物、1/2水合物、1/3水合物、1/4水合物、2/3水合物、3/2水合物、6/5水合物的形式使用。
其中,组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)具有作为化妆品原料的使用效果,作为确认了安全性的化合物优选被使用。作为组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌),可以使用Oga-Research公司制造的“DM-His.Zn”等市售品。
α-硫辛酰氨基酸的金属螯合物或其药理学上可以允许的盐可以通过合成作为中间体的α-硫辛酰氨基酸,并将其用金属和酸进行还原而得到。
α-硫辛酰氨基酸通常一般是对作为氨基酸的酸性基团的羧酸进行酯化来进行保护,然后,用α-硫辛酸和脱水缩合剂制成酸酰胺,最后进行皂化。更具体地进行说明时,首先,将α-硫辛酸溶解于有机溶剂(例如氯仿、四氢呋喃、乙腈等),其中在叔胺(三乙基胺、三丁基胺或N-甲基吗啉等)的存在下,在-15℃~-5℃下使卤代碳酸酯(氯碳酸乙酯、氯碳酸丁酯等)、混合酸酐化试剂(异丁氧基羰基氯化物、二乙基乙酰氯、三甲基乙酰氯等)反应而合成α-硫辛酸的混合酸酐。此时的反应时间为1~2分钟至数10分钟左右。
接着,在碱(氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾或三乙基胺、三丁基胺等叔胺)的存在下,加入溶解于醇、水或这些混液等溶剂的氨基酸而与α-硫辛酸的混合酸酐反应,然后,从适当的溶剂、例如水或醇中使其再结晶时,可以以高收率得到α-硫辛酰氨基酸。
接着,通过将该α-硫辛酰氨基酸用锌、钴或铁和酸进行还原,可以经由二氢体而得到金属螯合物。作为用于α-硫辛酰氨基酸进行还原反应的酸,可举出盐酸或硫酸等无机酸及乙酸或柠檬酸等有机酸。另外,作为用于还原反应的金属,可举出例如锌末、钴粉末、铁粉末等。锌螯合物的情况下,认为分子内的2个SH基(巯基)与1原子的金属键合而进行螯合化。
上述的合成法可以用以下的反应式(I)表示。需要说明的是,式中的A及M与所述式(1)的情况意义相同。
[化学式2]
在本发明的酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂中,与所述(A)成分组合使用人锰SOD(B-1)或特定的抗坏血酸类(B-2)。以下,依次对(B-1)成分及(B-2)成分进行说明。
<人锰SOD>
如上所述,作为人SOD,目前已知存在有SOD1、SOD2及SOD3。在本发明中,在这些人SOD中,使用作为SOD2已知的人锰SOD是重要的必须要件,即使使用以铜和锌为活性中心的SOD1或SOD3,也不能实现本发明的目的。
人锰SOD为以锰为活性中心含有的分子量约为20,000的肽的4聚物,构成1单元的氨基酸的数量为196个,及其氨基酸序列由D.巴拉(Barra)等进行了报道(Barra.D.等,J.Biol.Chem.,259,12595-12601,1984年)。基于所述的见解,进行利用使用大肠杆菌或酵母的基因重组技术合成人锰SOD的技术开发,作为具体的制造方法,提出了日本特开平1-63383号公报、日本特开平4-117288号公报等。其结果,目前,除从包含人的动物脏器中提取的人锰SOD之外,也可以获得由基因工序的制造方法得到的人锰SOD。例如,通过由酵母的重组合成得到的SOD,由生物技术公司作为“酵母提取物(SOD)”(酶单位浓度3,000unit/mL)被市售。需要说明的是,关于SOD的酶单位(unit),由McCord及Fridovittch在J.Biol.Chem.244,6049(1969)中进行定义。
在本发明中,可以使用对人锰SOD的氨基酸序列的一部分进行了改变的类似物、变异体。作为人变异锰SOD的具体例,可举出例如记载于专利文献6的实施例1-1~实施例4的MHS:Mn-SOD、记载于该文献的实施例11~实施例16的MHS2:Mn-SOD等。并且,MHS:Mn-SOD为在人锰SOD的肽序列中用精氨酸基对从N末端起第3号的丝氨酸残基进行了取代而成的物质,具有约8.2的等电点。另外,MHS2:Mn-SOD为用精氨酸基对从N末端起第3号的丝氨酸基进行了取代、且用缬氨酸基对第42号的谷氨基进行了置换的物质,具有约8.5~9.4的等电点(参照专利文献6的段落0060、0061及0072)。
在人锰SOD的肽序列中,在维持酶活性方面所必须的氨基酸(保存氨基酸)的序列记载于专利文献6。可以参照该序列不变更保存氨基酸,而用等电点进一步升高的氨基酸适当变更其它氨基酸。例如,通过用精氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸等碱性氨基酸残基置换丝氨酸残基,或用缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸等中性氨基酸残基或精氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸等碱性氨基酸残基置换谷氨酸残基,可以提高等电点。
人锰SOD大多在水溶液的状态下得到,但形状并不限定于此。例如,也可以以稳定化的目的内包于环糊精等中,制成粉末状。
在本发明中,将所述(A)成分及(B-1)成分组合而制成酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂是重要的,其使用比率(R1)定义为R1=[(B)成分的单元浓度(unit/mL)/(A)成分的浓度(μg/mL)]时,通常为R1=0.001~1,500,优选为R1=0.1~500,更优选为R1=0.2~200。(B-1)成分的比率过度地变低时,不能提高酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力,相反,即使过度地增大其比率,与单独使用(A)成分的情况相比,酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力的改良效果也不会增大,经济上变得不利。
需要说明的是,所述(B-1)成分的单元数可以基于Joe M.McCord等,J.Biol.Chem.,244,6049-6055(1969)的记载如下地进行测定。首先,在1cm的小杯中放入含有10-4M的EDTA并用0.05M的磷酸钾缓冲液调整为pH7.8的试验溶液3mL,在25℃下进行保温。在该试验溶液中,为了使1×10-5M的高铁细胞色素c、5×10-5M的黄嘌呤、及高铁细胞色素c的550nm的吸光度每1分钟减少0.025而含有充分的黄嘌呤氧化酶。在该条件下,将细胞色素c的减少速度抑制为50%的SOD的量定义为1单元的活性。
<抗坏血酸类>
本发明中作为所述(B-2)成分使用的抗坏血酸类为将选自抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸葡糖苷、抗坏血酸磷酸单酯及它们的盐中的1种或2种以上组合而成的物质。需要说明的是,抗坏血酸葡糖苷是指2-O-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-L-抗坏血酸,另外,抗坏血酸磷酸单酯是指抗坏血酸的2位或3位的羟基和磷酸进行酯键合而成的物质。在抗坏血酸磷酸单酯中,优选2位的羟基和磷酸进行酯键合而成的抗坏血酸-2-磷酸酯。
作为抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸葡糖苷或抗坏血酸磷酸单酯的盐,可举出例如:钠盐、钾盐等碱金属盐;镁盐、钙盐、钡盐等碱土金属盐;铵盐;单乙醇胺盐、二乙醇胺盐、三乙醇胺盐、单异丙醇胺盐、三异丙醇胺盐等胺盐等。
在抗坏血酸类中,抗坏血酸及抗坏血酸钠、抗坏血酸钾等抗坏血酸盐在初期阶段具有高的酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力,但存在随着时间的经过而酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力降低的问题。因此,在本发明中,从酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力及其稳定性的观点出发,特别优选使用抗坏血酸葡糖苷、抗坏血酸-2-磷酸钠、抗坏血酸-2-磷酸钾、抗坏血酸-2-磷酸镁、抗坏血酸-2-磷酸钙等。
在本发明中,将上述(A)成分及(B-2)成分组合而使用是重要的,将其使用比率R2定义为R2=[(A)成分的浓度(μg/mL)]/[(B-2)成分的浓度(mg/mL)]时,通常R2为0.0001~1,000,优选为0.001~300,进一步优选为0.01~50。(A)成分的比率过度地变低时,不能提高酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力,相反,使其比率过度地变大时,组合使用(B-2)成分引起的酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力的改良效果减少,而且高价的(A)成分的使用量增加,因此,经济上变得不利。
根据本发明,通过组合使用所述(A)成分和所述(B-1)成分或(B-2)成分,产生优异的酪氨酸酶活性抑制效果,因此,可以提供一种以美白或美肌为目的的皮肤外用剂,例如乳液、乳霜、化妆水、润肤膏、清洗料等护肤化妆品、妆前乳、粉底霜等粉底化妆品、或软膏剂、分散液、乳霜剂、外用液剂等医药部外品。
<皮肤外用剂>
本发明的皮肤外用剂含有构成酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂的所述(A)成分及(B-1)成分或(B-2)成分,除此之外,可以按照常规方法制备。皮肤外用剂的形态没有特别限定,例如可以制成乳液、乳霜、化妆水、润肤膏、清洗料等护肤化妆料、口红、粉底化妆料等化妆品、或软膏剂、分散液、乳霜剂、外用液剂等医药部外品等。另外,对其剂型也没有特别限制,可以制成固体状、糊剂状、慕斯状、凝胶状、粉末状、溶液系、可溶化系、乳化系、粉末分散系、多层状等。
制备乳液或乳霜那样的乳化系的皮肤外用剂时的乳化剂型没有特别限定,可举出例如:O/W(水中油型)、W/O(油中水型)、W/O/W(水中油中水型)、O/W/O(油中水中油型)等。在这些剂型中,采用水中油中水型,在最内水相中配合所述(A)成分、在最外水相中配合所述(B)成分时,可以期待制剂的稳定性或(A)成分的稳定性的提高,与其相伴,期待更有效地发挥酪氨酸酶活性抑制作用。
本发明的皮肤外用剂中的(A)成分(α-硫辛酸衍生物)的配合量(含量)作为干燥固体成分优选为1×10-5~1质量%,更优选为5×10-5~0.5质量%。(A)成分的含量过度地少时,无法得到抑制酪氨酸酶的活性引起的充分的美白效果,相反,即使过度地增多,也不能得到更高度的美白效果。
另一方面,皮肤外用剂中的(B-1)成分(人锰SOD)的配合量优选为3~30,000单元/100g,进一步优选为30~15,000单元/100g。(B-1)成分的配合量过度地少时,美白效果变得不充分,相反,即使过度地增多,美白效果的改良效果也不会增大,经济上变得不利。
另外,(B-2)成分(抗坏血酸类)的配合量(含量)优选为0.001~5.0质量%,更优选为0.1~3.0质量%。该(B-2)成分的含量过度地少时,无法得到抑制酪氨酸酶的活性引起的充分的美白效果,相反,即使过度地增多,也在制剂的稳定性方面容易产生不良情况。
在本发明的皮肤外用剂中,除所述(A)成分及(B)成分以外,可以在不损害本发明的效果的范围内通常适当添加用于化妆料或医药部外品等制剂的成分,即水(纯化水、温泉水、深层水等)、油剂、表面活性剂、金属皂、凝胶化剂、粉末、醇类、水溶性高分子、覆膜形成剂、树脂、紫外线防御剂、包接化合物、抗菌剂、香料、消臭剂、盐类、pH调节剂、清凉剂、源自动物/生物提取物、植物提取物、血液循环促进剂、收敛剂、抗脂溢性剂、活性氧消去剂、细胞赋活剂、保湿剂、角质溶解剂、酶、激素类、维生素类等一种或两种以上。
作为油剂,只要是用于通常的化妆料的油剂,可以使用天然系油或是合成油;或者可以是固体、半固体、液体等性状的烃类、蜡类、脂肪酸类、高级醇类、酯油、硅油类、氟系油类等任意油剂。可举出例如:
三十碳烷、角鲨烯、角纯地蜡、石蜡、固体石蜡、液体石蜡、姥鲛烷、聚异丁烯、微晶蜡、凡士林等烃类;
蜜蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、小烛树蜡、鲸蜡等蜡类;
牛脂、牛脚脂、牛骨脂、固化牛脂、固化油、海龟油、猪脂、马脂、水貂油、肝油、卵黄油等动物油;
羊毛脂、液状羊毛脂、还原羊毛脂、羊毛脂醇、硬质羊毛脂、乙酸羊毛脂、羊毛脂脂肪酸异丙酯、POE羊毛脂醇醚、POE羊毛脂醇乙酸酯、羊毛脂脂肪酸聚乙二醇、POE氢化羊毛脂醇醚等羊毛脂衍生物;
月桂酸、十四烷酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、山萮酸、十一碳烯酸、油酸、花生四烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、异硬脂酸、12-羟基硬脂酸等脂肪酸类;
月桂醇、豆蔻醇醇、棕榈醇、硬脂醇、山萮醇、十六醇、油醇、异硬脂醇、己基十二烷醇、辛基十二烷醇、十六十八醇(sedostearyl alcohol)、2-癸基十四炔醇(2-decyltetradecinol)、胆固醇、植物甾醇、谷甾醇、羊毛甾醇、POE胆固醇醚、单硬脂基甘油醚(鲨肝醇)等高级醇;
己二酸二异丁酯、己二酸-2-己基癸酯、己二酸-二-2-庚基十一烷基酯、单异硬脂酸-N-烷基二醇、异硬脂酸异十六烷基酯、三羟甲基丙烷三异硬脂酸酯、二-2-乙基己酸乙二醇、2-乙基己酸十六烷基酯、三羟甲基丙烷三-2-乙基己酸酯、季戊四醇四-2-乙基己酸酯、辛酸十六烷基酯、辛基十二烷基橡胶酯、油酸油酯、油酸辛酯十二烷基酯、油酸癸酯、新戊二醇二癸酸酯、柠檬酸三乙酯、琥珀酸-2-乙基己酯、乙酸戊酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、硬脂酸异十六烷基酯、硬脂酸丁酯、癸二酸二异丙酯、癸二酸二-2-乙基己酯、乳酸十六烷基酯、乳酸十四烷基酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、棕榈酸-2-乙基己酯、棕榈酸2-己基癸酯、棕榈酸2-庚基十一烷基酯、胆固醇12-羟基硬脂基酸酯、二季戊四醇脂肪酸酯、十四烷酸异丙酯、十四烷酸辛基十二烷基酯、十四烷酸-2-己基癸酯、十四烷酸十四烷基酯、二甲基辛酸己基癸酯、月桂酸乙酯、月桂酸己酯、N-月桂酰-L-谷氨酸-2-辛基十二烷基酯、苹果酸二异硬脂基等酯油;
乙酰甘油酯、三异辛酸甘油酯、三异硬脂酸甘油酯、三异棕榈酸甘油酯、三-2-乙基己酸甘油酯、单硬脂酸甘油酯、二-2-庚基十一烷酸甘油酯、三(十四烷)酸甘油酯等甘油酯油;
二甲基聚硅氧烷、甲基苯基聚硅氧烷、甲基氢化二烯聚硅氧烷、八甲基环四硅氧烷、十甲基环五硅氧烷、十二甲基环六硅氧烷、四甲基四氢二烯环四硅氧烷、硬脂酰氧基有机硅等高级烷氧基改性有机硅;
高级脂肪酸改性有机硅、有机硅树脂、硅橡胶、硅油等有机硅类油剂;
全氟聚醚、全氟萘烷、全氟辛烷等氟类油剂等。
作为表面活性剂,可使用阴离子性、阳离子性、非离子性及两性的活性剂。作为阴离子性表面活性剂,可举出:硬脂酸钠、棕榈酸三乙醇胺等脂肪酸皂;烷基醚羧酸及其盐;氨基酸与脂肪酸的缩合物等羧酸酯;烷基磺酸、链烯磺酸盐、脂肪酸酯的磺酸盐、脂肪酸酰胺的磺酸盐、烷基磺酸盐与其甲醛缩合物的磺酸盐、烷基硫酸酯盐、高级仲醇硫酸酯盐、;烷基及烯丙醚硫酸酯盐、脂肪酸酯的硫酸酯盐、脂肪酸烷基醇酰胺的硫酸酯盐、土耳其红油等硫酸酯盐类;烷基磷酸盐、醚磷酸盐、烷基烯丙基醚磷酸盐、酰胺基磷酸盐;N-酰基氨基酸类活性剂等。
作为阳离子性表面活性剂,可举出:烷基胺盐、聚胺及氨基醇脂肪酸衍生物等胺盐、烷基季胺盐、芳香族季胺盐、吡啶鎓盐、咪唑鎓盐等。作为非离子性表面活性剂,可举出:山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯、甘油脂肪酸酯、聚甘油脂肪酸酯、丙二醇脂肪酸酯、聚乙二醇脂肪酸酯、蔗糖脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧丙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基苯基醚、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯甘油脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯丙二醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油、聚氧乙烯植物甾烷醇醚、聚氧乙烯植物甾醇醚、聚氧乙烯胆甾烷醇醚、聚氧乙烯胆固醇醚、聚氧亚烷基改性有机聚硅氧烷、聚氧亚烷基/烷基共改性有机聚硅氧烷、链烷醇酰胺、糖醚、糖酰胺等。作为两性表面活性剂,可举出甜菜碱、氨基羧酸盐、咪唑啉衍生物等。
作为金属皂,可举出:12-羟基硬脂酸铝、硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸铝、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、十四烷酸锌、十四烷酸镁、十六烷基磷酸锌、十六烷基磷酸钙、十六烷基磷酸锌钠、月桂酸锌、十一碳烯酸锌等。
作为凝胶化剂,可举出:N-月桂酰-L-谷氨酸、α,γ-二正丁胺等氨基酸衍生物;糊精棕榈酸酯、糊精硬脂酸酯、糊精2-乙基己酸棕榈酸酯等糊精脂肪酸酯;蔗糖棕榈酸酯、蔗糖硬脂酸酯等蔗糖脂肪酸酯;单亚苄基山梨糖醇、二亚苄基山梨糖醇等山梨糖醇的亚苄基衍生物;二甲基苄基十二烷基铵蒙脱石粘土、二甲基二-十八烷基铵蒙脱石粘土等有机改性粘土矿物等。
作为粉末,只要是用于通常的化妆料的粉末,对其形状(球状、针状、板状等)或粒径(气雾状、微粒、颜料级等)、粒子结构(多孔、非多孔等)没有限制,可以使用无机粉末、有机粉末、颜料等任意物质。例如,作为无机粉末,可举出:氧化镁、硫酸钡、硫酸钙、硫酸镁、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、滑石、合成云母、云母、高岭土、绢云母、白云母、合成云母、金云母、红云母、黑云母、锂云母、硅酸、硅酸酐、硅酸铝、硅酸镁、硅酸铝镁、含硫硅酸铝、硅酸钙、硅酸钡、硅酸锶、钨酸金属盐、羟基磷灰石、蛭石、Higilite、蒙脱石、沸石、陶瓷粉末、磷酸氢钙、氧化铝、氢氧化铝、氮化硼、氮化硼等。
作为有机粉末,可举出:聚酰胺粉末、聚酯粉末、聚乙烯粉末、聚丙烯粉末、聚苯乙烯粉末、聚氨酯、苯并胍胺粉末、聚甲基苯并胍胺粉末、四氟乙烯粉末、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯粉末、蚕丝粉末、尼龙粉末、12尼龙、6尼龙、苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、二乙烯基苯-苯乙烯共聚物、乙烯基树脂、尿素树脂、酚醛树脂、氟树脂、有机硅树脂、丙烯酸树脂、三聚氰胺树脂、环氧树脂、聚碳酸酯树脂、微结晶纤维粉末、月桂酰赖氨酸等。
作为有色颜料,可举出:氧化铁、氢氧化铁、钛酸铁的无机红色颜料、γ-氧化铁等无机褐色系颜料;黄氧化铁、黄土等无机黄色系颜料;黑氧化铁、炭黑等无机黑色颜料;锰紫、钴紫等无机紫色颜料;氢氧化铬、氧化铬、氧化钴、钛酸钴等无机绿色颜料;深蓝色、群青等无机蓝色系颜料;将焦油系色素进行了色淀化的颜料、将天然色素进行色淀化的颜料、及将这些粉末进行了复合化的复合粉末等。作为珠光颜料,可举出:氧化钛包覆云母、氧化钛包覆云母、氧氯化铋、氧化钛包覆氧氯化铋、氧化钛包覆滑石、鱼鳞箔、氧化钛包覆着色云母等。作为金属粉末颜料,可举出:铝粉末、铜粉末、不锈钢粉末等。
作为焦油颜料,可举出:红色3号、红色104号、红色106号、红色201号、红色202号、红色204号、红色205号、红色220号、红色226号、红色227号、红色228号、红色230号、红色401号、红色505号、黄色4号、黄色5号、黄色202号、黄色203号、黄色204号、黄色401号、蓝色1号、蓝色2号、蓝色201号、蓝色404号、绿色3号、绿色201号、绿色204号、绿色205号、橙色201号、橙色203号、橙色204号、橙色206号、橙色207号等。作为天然色素,可举出:胭脂红酸、紫胶酸、红花素、巴西木素、藏花素等。上述的无机粉末、有机粉末、颜料、焦油色素等粉末可以进行复合化,或用油剂或硅酮、或氟化合物进行表面处理。
作为紫外线防御剂,可举出:对甲氧基肉桂酸-2-乙基己酯、对甲氧基肉桂酸异丙酯、对甲氧基氢肉桂酸二乙醇胺盐、二对甲氧基肉桂酸-单-2-乙基己酸甘油酸酯、甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯、二异丙基肉桂酸甲酯等肉桂酸类紫外线吸收剂;2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮-5-硫酸、2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮-5-硫酸钠、2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮、2,2’-二羟基-4,4’-二甲氧基二苯甲酮、2,2’-二羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2,2’,4,4’-四羟基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮等二苯甲酮类紫外线吸收剂;对氨基苯甲酸、对氨基苯甲酸乙酯、对氨基苯甲酸丁酯、对二甲基氨基苯甲酸-2-乙基己酯、对氨基苯甲酸甘油酸酯、对氨基苯甲酸戊酯等苯甲酸类紫外线吸收剂。
另外,作为紫外线防御剂,可举出:水杨酸-2-乙基己酯、水杨酸三乙醇胺、水杨酸三甲环己酯、水杨酸二丙二醇、水杨酸甲酯、水杨酸乙二醇、水杨酸苯酯、水杨酸戊酯、水杨酸苄酯、水杨酸异丙基苄酯、水杨酸钾等水杨酸类紫外线吸收剂;4-叔丁基-4’-甲氧基二苯甲酰基甲烷、4-异丙基二苯甲酰基甲烷、4-甲氧基二苯甲酰基甲烷、4-叔丁基-4’-羟基二苯甲酰基甲烷等二苯甲酰基甲烷类紫外线吸收剂;基-O-氨基苯甲酸酯、2-苯基-苯并咪唑-5-硫酸、2-苯基-5-甲基苯并噁唑、3-(4-甲基苄叉基)樟脑、2-乙基己基-2-氰基-3,3-二苯基丙烯酸酯、2-乙基-2-氰基-3,3’-二苯基丙烯酸酯、2-(2’-羟基-5-甲基苯基)苯并三唑、氨茴酸酯等氨茴酸类紫外线吸收剂;咪唑丙烯酸乙酯等咪唑丙烯酸类紫外线吸收剂;氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化铈等。
作为醇类,可举出:乙醇、异丙醇等低级醇;甘油、二甘油、乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、丙二醇、二丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、聚乙二醇等多元醇等。
作为水溶性高分子有:阿拉伯树胶、黄蓍胶、半乳聚糖、角豆树胶、瓜尔胶(guargum)、卡拉亚树胶、卡拉胶、胶质、琼脂、海藻胶、特兰特胶、刺槐豆胶、半乳甘露聚糖等植物类高分子;黄原胶、葡聚糖、琥珀酰聚糖、普普鲁兰多糖等微生物类高分子;酪蛋白、白蛋白、明胶等动物类高分子;淀粉、羧甲基淀粉、甲基羟基丙基淀粉等淀粉系高分子;甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、甲基羟基丙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟基甲基纤维素、羟基丙基纤维素、硝基纤维素、纤维素硫酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、结晶纤维素、纤维素粉末的纤维素类高分子;海藻酸钠、丙二醇海藻酸酯等海藻酸类高分子;聚乙烯基甲醚、羧基乙烯基聚合物、烷基改性羧基乙烯基聚合物等乙烯基看、类高分子;聚氧乙烯类高分子;聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯共聚物类高分子;聚丙烯酸钠、聚乙基丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸酰胺等丙烯酸类高分子;聚亚乙基亚胺;阳离子聚合物;膨润土、锂藻土、水辉石等无机类水溶性高分子等。另外,其中,也包含聚乙烯醇或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等覆膜形成剂。
作为抑菌剂,可举出:苯甲酸、苯甲酸钠、石碳酸、山梨酸、山梨酸钾、对羟基苯甲酸酯、对氯甲酚、六氯酚、苯扎氯铵、双氯苯双胍己烷盐酸盐、三氯二苯脲、感光素、吡啶硫酮锌(bis(2-pyridylthio-1-oxide)zinc)、苯氧基乙醇及二甲硫蒽、异丙基甲酚等。作为PH调节剂,可举出:碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢铵等。作为清凉剂,可举出L-薄荷醇、樟脑等。
作为细胞活化剂,可举出选自脱氧核糖核酸及其盐;三磷酸腺苷、一磷酸腺苷等腺苷酸衍生物及它们的盐;核糖核酸及其盐;作为环化AMP、环化GMP、黄素腺核苷酸、鸟嘌呤、腺嘌呤、胞嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶、黄嘌呤及它们的衍生物的咖啡碱、茶碱以及它们的盐等核酸关联物质;幼牛血液提取液、血清除蛋白提取物、脾脏提取物、鸟等的卵成分、鸡冠提取物、贝壳提取物、贝肉提取物、蜂王浆、蚕丝蛋白及其分解物或它们的衍生物、血红蛋白或其分解物、乳铁传递蛋白或其分解物、乌贼墨等软体动物提取物、鱼肉提取物等、哺乳类、鸟类、贝类、昆虫类、鱼类、软体动物类、甲壳纲动物等源自动物的提取物、酵母提取物、乳酸菌提取物、双歧杆菌提取物等发酵代谢产物中的源自微生物的提取物。
并且,作为细胞活化剂,可举出:维生素A类:视黄醇及其衍生物(棕榈酸视黄醇、乙酸视黄醇等)、视黄醛及其衍生物、脱氢视黄醛、胡萝卜素等类胡罗卜素等;维生素B类:硫胺素类(硫胺素盐酸盐、硫胺素硫酸盐)、核黄素类(核黄素、乙酸核黄素等)、维生素B6类(盐酸维生素B6、维生素B6二辛酸酯等)、黄素腺核苷酸、维生素B12、叶酸类、烟酸类(烟酰胺、烟酸苄酯等)、胆碱类等;杏仁提取物、银杏提取物、人参提取物、大麦提取物、橘子提取物、黄瓜提取物、猕猴桃提取物、香菇提取物、木贼提取物(equisetum extract)、獐牙菜提取物(swertia extract)、大枣提取物、辣椒提取物、大蒜提取物、胡萝卜提取物、茯苓提取物、桃提取物、莴苣提取物、柠檬提取物、灵芝提取物、迷迭香提取物、日桧醇(hinokitiol)、千金藤素等源自植物的提取物;α-亚麻酸及γ-亚麻酸、二十碳五烯酸及它们的衍生物、雌二醇及其衍生物以及它们的盐、二醇酸、琥珀酸、乳酸、水杨酸等有机酸及它们的衍生物以及它们的盐等。上述列举的细胞活化剂可以适当选择一种或两种以上而配合。
作为活性氧除去剂,可举出:甘露醇、胆红素、胆固醇、色氨酸、组氨酸、槲皮素、槲皮苷、儿茶酚、儿茶素衍生物、卢丁、卢丁衍生物、牛磺酸、硫代牛磺酸、卵壳膜提取物、五倍子酸、五倍子酸衍生物、酵母提取物、灵芝提取物、矢车果实提取物(alnus firma sieb.etzucc.fruit extract)、老鹳草提取物、牡丹皮提取物、蜜蜂花提取物、西芹提取物及地骨皮提取物;维生素A类:视黄醇及其衍生物(棕榈酸视黄醇、乙酸视黄醇等)、视黄醛及其衍生物、脱氢视黄醛等;维生素B类:硫胺素类(硫胺素盐酸盐、硫胺素硫酸盐等)、核黄素类(核黄素、乙酸核黄素等)、维生素B6类(盐酸维生素B6、维生素B6二辛酸酯等)、黄素腺核苷酸、维生素B12、叶酸类、烟酸类(烟酸酰胺、烟酸苄酯等)、胆碱类等;维生素D类:钙化醇、维生素D3、dihydroxystanal等;维生素E类:生育酚及其衍生物(dl-α(β、γ)-生育酚、乙酸dl-α-生育酚、烟酸-dl-α-生育酚、亚油酸-dl-α-生育酚、琥珀酸dl-α-生育酚等)、泛醌类等;二丁基羟基甲苯及丁基羟基苯甲醚等。
作为保湿剂,可举出:碱单纯温泉水、深层水、透明质酸、硫酸软骨素、硫酸皮肤素、硫酸乙酰肝素、肝素及硫酸角质素等黏多糖或它们的盐;胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白、角质素等蛋白质或它们的衍生物以及它们的盐;源自大豆及卵黄的磷脂质;糖脂质;神经酰胺;黏液素;蜂蜜;赤藓糖醇;麦芽糖;麦芽糖醇;木糖醇;木糖;季戊四醇;果糖;糊精及其衍生物;甘露醇、山梨糖醇;肌醇;海藻糖、葡萄糖等糖类;尿素;天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、丙氨酸、精氨酸、异亮氨酸、鸟氨酸、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、谷氨酸及其衍生物以及它们的盐;半胱氨酸、胱氨酸、瓜氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、茶氨酸、缬氨酸、组氨酸、羟基赖氨酸、羟基脯氨酸、吡咯烷酮羧酸及其盐、脯氨酸、苯丙氨酸、蛋氨酸、赖氨酸等氨基酸及它们的衍生物或它们的盐等。
作为其它的保湿剂,可举出:D-泛醇、鳄梨提取物、杏仁油、槐豆提取物(locustbean extract)、水稻提取物、草莓提取物、茴香提取物、锦葵提取物、黄连提取物(coptisjaponica extract)、橄榄油、短柄野芝麻提取物、可可脂、燕麦提取物、常春藤提取物、山白竹提取物、栀子提取物、葡萄柚提取物、老鹳草提取物、龙胆提取物、牛蒡提取物、葡萄叶铁线莲提取物(clematis vitalba extract)、芝麻提取物、仙人掌提取物、肥皂草提取物、生姜提取物、地黄提取物、乳木果油、绣线菊提取物、日本川芎提取物、锦葵提取物、百里香提取物、山茶提取物、玉米提取物、冬虫夏草提取物、洋委陵菜提取物、蕺菜提取物、麦冬提取物、羽扇豆提取物、金缕梅提取物、薄荷提取物、绿色薄荷提取物、西洋薄荷提取物、西芹提取物、蔷薇提取物、向日葵提取物、扁柏提取物、丝瓜提取物、西梅提取物、假叶树提取物(butcher’s bloom extract)、琉璃苣油、牡丹提取物、霍霍巴油、欧椴树提取物(lime treeextract)、啤酒花提取物、松树提取物、水飞蓟提取物(silybum marianum extract)、澳洲坚果油、榅桲提取物、紫草提取物、池花籽油(meadowfoam oil)、蜂花提取物、矢车菊提取物、百合提取物、柚子提取物、酸橙提取物、薰衣草提取物、龙胆提取物、地榆提取物及苹果提取物等。上述列举的保湿剂可以适当选择一种或两种以上而配合。
作为维生素,可举出:植物甲萘醌、甲基萘醌(menaquinone)、甲萘醌(menadione)、氢化甲萘醌等维生素K类、圣草枸橼苷、橙皮甙等维生素P类、生物素、肉碱、阿魏酸等。
作为血液循环促进剂,可举出:壬酸香草酰胺、辣椒素、姜酮、斑蝥酊(cantharidistincture)、鱼石脂、α-龙脑(α-borneol)、烟酸肌醇酯、环扁桃酯、桂利嗪、苯甲唑啉、乙酰胆碱、戊脉安、γ-谷维素等。
作为皮肤收敛剂,可举出丹宁酸等,作为抗脂溢性剂,可举出己烯雌酚等,作为酶,可举出脂酶、木瓜蛋白酶(papain)等。
作为美白剂,可举出:本发明的(B-2)成分的抗坏血酸类以外的抗坏血酸衍生物及它们的盐、N,N’-二乙酰半胱氨酸二甲酯等半胱氨酸及其衍生物以及其盐、光甘草定、光甘草素、甘草甙、异甘草甙、胎盘提取物、熊果苷等对苯二酚及其衍生物、间苯二酚及其衍生物、阿魏酸和咖啡酸及它们的衍生物以及它们的盐、谷胱甘肽等,也可以使用这些物质一种或组合两种以上而使用。其中,作为抗坏血酸衍生物的具体例,可举出L-抗坏血酸烷基酯、L-抗坏血酸硫酸酯等,作为其盐的具体例,可举出钠盐、钾盐等碱金属盐、钙盐、镁盐等碱土金属盐等。
进一步具体而言,可举出:棕榈酸L-抗坏血酸酯、二棕榈酸L-抗坏血酸酯、异棕榈酸L-抗坏血酸酯、二异棕榈酸L-抗坏血酸酯、四异棕榈酸L-抗坏血酸酯、硬脂酸L-抗坏血酸酯、二硬脂酸L-抗坏血酸酯、异硬脂酸L-抗坏血酸酯、二异硬脂酸L-抗坏血酸酯、十四烷酸L-抗坏血酸酯、二(十四烷酸)L-抗坏血酸酯、异十四烷酸L-抗坏血酸酯、二异十四烷酸L-抗坏血酸酯、油酸L-抗坏血酸酯、二油酸L-抗坏血酸酯、2-乙基己酸L-抗坏血酸酯、L-抗坏血酸硫酸酯钠、L-抗坏血酸硫酸酯钾、L-抗坏血酸硫酸酯镁、L-抗坏血酸硫酸酯钙、L-抗坏血酸硫酸酯铝等;在提取物中,可举出:蝉退提取物、胎盘提取物、欧亚甘草提取物、母菊提取物、含有类胡罗卜素类的动植物提取物、芦笋提取物、豌豆提取物、eijitsu提取物、黄芩提取物、芒柄花提取物、海藻提取物、木莓提取物、苦参提取物、禾雀花提取物、杠柳提取物、咖啡提取物、米糠提取物、小麦麦芽提取物、细辛根提取物、山楂提取物、含羞草决明(Cassiamimosoides)提取物、白色百合提取物、芍药提取物、不列颠旋复花(Inula britannica)提取物、大豆提取物、茶提取物、糖蜜提取物、番茄提取物、白莲提取物、山毛榉芽提取物、葡萄提取物、flordemanita提取物、摘葎草花提取物、玫瑰提取物、木瓜提取物、虎耳草提取物、桉树提取物、薏仁提取物及罗汉果提取物等。
实施例
以下,基于实施例,进一步详细地说明本发明,但本发明并不受这些实施例任何限定。需要说明的是,只要没有特殊说明,各成分的配合量表示“质量%”。
<酪氨酸酶活性抑制评价试验>
在评价用试样中加入酪氨酸酶(源自蘑菇、Sigma株式会社制造100unit/mL)0.1mL,接着加入0.1M磷酸缓冲液(pH6.5),制备2.0mL的试验溶液。将该试验溶液在37℃的恒温槽中培养10分钟,其后,加入DOPA((左旋多巴)3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine0.03%溶液)1mL,在2分钟后测定475nm中的吸光度。将得到的值设为D1。作为对照,对将各试样取代为纯化水的试验溶液进行同样的测定,将得到的吸光度的值设为D2。酪氨酸酶活性抑制率利用下式算出。
酪氨酸酶活性抑制率(%)=(D2-D1)/D2×100
参考例1
组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)的酪氨酸酶活性抑制评价试验
作为评价用α-硫辛酰氨基酸衍生物,使用市售的组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)(分子量=430.84、Oga-Research株式会社制造的“DM-His.Zn”)。制备试验溶液,其添加了组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌),并使组氨酸二硫辛酰胺的含量分别为1.08μg/mL(2.5μM)、2.15μg/mL(5μM)、3.23μg/mL(7.5μM)、4.31μg/mL(10μM)的方式,利用所述试验法研究酪氨酸酶活性抑制率。其结果如下所述。
组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)浓度酪氨酸酶活性抑制率(%)
由该结果可知:随着组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)的浓度增加,酪氨酸酶活性抑制率变大,确认组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)具有酪氨酸酶活性抑制效果。但是,还不能说酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力充分。
参考例2
人锰SOD的酪氨酸酶活性抑制评价试验
作为评价用人锰SOD溶液,使用市售的“酵母提取物(SOD)”(BioX Technologies株式会社制造、3,000unit/mL)。制备试验溶液,其添加了人锰SOD并使人锰SOD的含量分别为3unit/mL、15unit/mL、150unit/mL,利用上述试验法研究酪氨酸酶活性抑制率。其结果如下所述。
人锰SOD浓度酪氨酸酶活性抑制率(%)
3unit/mL 4.53
15unit/mL 3.74
150unit/mL 4.66
由该结果可知:在人锰SOD单体中,即使增加浓度,酪氨酸酶活性抑制效果也没有变大,即使以人锰SOD单体使用,作为酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂也不能期待充分的性能。
参考例3
抗坏血酸葡糖苷的酪氨酸酶活性抑制评价试验
作为评价用抗坏血酸类,使用市售的抗坏血酸葡糖苷(林原株式会社制造的“AS-G”)。制备试验溶液,其添加了抗坏血酸葡糖苷,并使抗坏血酸葡糖苷的含量分别为5mg/mL、10mg/mL、20mg/mL,利用所述试验法研究酪氨酸酶活性抑制率。其结果如下所述。
抗坏血酸葡糖苷浓度酪氨酸酶活性抑制率(%)
5mg/mL 8.4
10mg/mL 15.4
20mg/mL 26.8
由该结果确认:在单独使用抗坏血酸葡糖苷时,随着浓度升高,酪氨酸酶活性抑制率变大,但可知:与组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)相比时,酪氨酸酶活性抑制效果不充分。
实施例1
分别以成为表1所示的比例的方式组合使用参考例1中使用的组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)[表1中简称为(A)成分]和参考例2中使用的人锰SOD[表1中简称为(B-1)成分],除此之外,按照参考例1及参考例2制备试验溶液,利用所述试验法研究酪氨酸酶活性抑制率。各试样的酪氨酸酶活性抑制率及组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)单独的情况的改善程度如表1中记载的那样。需要说明的是,表1中,也同时记载参考例1及参考例2的结果。
由该结果可知:通过组合使用组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)和人锰SOD,组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)的酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力显著地改善。
比较例1
使用铜/锌SOD(1)(“DISMUTIN BTJ”DSM Nutrition公司制造、50,000PIU/mL)的0.5容量%水溶液(酶单位浓度250PIU/mL)代替人锰SOD,除此之外,与实施例1同样地操作,评价酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力。需要说明的是,组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)的浓度设为4.31μg/mL。另外,PIU表示利用邻苯三酚自氧化法的酶单位。
其结果,酪氨酸酶活性抑制率为38%,是单独使用铜/锌SOD(1)时的值16.1%和单独使用组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)时的值68.9%的中间的值。由此可知:铜/锌SOD(1)没有改善组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)的酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力的功能。
比较例2
使用其它铜/锌SOD(2)(“SOD酵母提取物”、ARIA株式会社制造)的0.5容量%水溶液代替铜/锌SOD(1),除此之外,与比较例1同样地操作,评价酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力。其结果,酪氨酸酶活性抑制率为75.9%,单独使用组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)时的值超过68.9%,但无论如何也没有达到本发明的酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂显示的95.9%。
比较例3
使用作为具有酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力的化合物已知的曲酸(kojic acid)、抗坏血酸衍生物(抗坏血酸基葡糖苷)或熊果苷代替组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌),按照实施例1评价与人锰SOD并用时的酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力。人锰SOD以成为150unit/mL的方式添加,其它的化合物以在曲酸时成为1.2质量%、在抗坏血酸衍生物(抗坏血酸基葡糖苷)时成为2.0质量%、或在熊果苷时成为3.0质量%的方式添加。
其结果,单独使用曲酸(kojic acid)时的酪氨酸酶活性抑制率为45.6%,与人锰SOD组合使用时的酪氨酸酶活性抑制率为47.4%,几乎没有看到组合使用两者引起的效果。另外,单独使用抗坏血酸衍生物时的酪氨酸酶活性抑制率为21.9%,与人锰SOD并用时的酪氨酸酶活性抑制率为25.6%,在该情况下组合使用两者引起的改善很小。并且,单独使用熊果苷时的酪氨酸酶活性抑制率为71.3%,与人锰SOD组合使用时的酪氨酸酶活性抑制率为69.7%,没有看到组合使用两者引起的效果。
如上所述,由实施例1及比较例1~3的结果可知:仅将(1)α-硫辛酰氨基酸衍生物和人锰SOD组合而使用的情况下,酪氨酸酶活性抑制率大大提高;(2)代替α-硫辛酰氨基酸衍生物,即使将具有其它酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力的化合物与人锰SOD组合而使用,也不能改善酪氨酸酶活性抑制率。
实施例2化妆水的制备
按照以下所示的配合及步骤制备化妆水。
步骤:在纯化水中加入保湿剂、防褪色剂、缓冲剂、组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)、人锰SOD,在室温下溶解而得到水相。另一方面,在乙醇中加入柔软剂、表面活性剂、防腐剂、香料,在室温下溶解而得到醇相。将该醇相添加于上述的水相中。
配合(质量%):
*1:DM-His.Zn(Oga-Research株式会社制造)
*2:酵母提取物(SOD)(Biotex Technology株式会社制造)
实施例3水中油型乳霜的制备
按照以下所示的配合及步骤制备乳霜。
步骤:在纯化水中加入保湿剂、碱,加热混合至70℃而得到水相。将油分进行加热溶解之后,加入表面活性剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂,调整为70℃而得到油相。将其加入于前面的水相,用均质混合器进行均匀化之后,进行冷却。最后加入用少量的纯化水溶解二得到的组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)、人锰SOD及香料并进行混合,进行脱气。
配合(质量%):
实施例4W/O/W(水中油中水型)乳霜的制备
按照以下所示的配合及步骤制备乳霜。
步骤:
(1)制备中间油中水型乳化物的工序
在纯化水中加入保湿剂、氯化钠、组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌),加热混合50℃而得到水相。将油分进行加热溶解之后,加入表面活性剂并调整为50℃。其中加入前面的水相,用分散器混合机进行均匀化之后,进行冷却,得到中间油中水型乳化物。
(2)使用中间油中水型乳化物制备水中油中水型乳霜的工序
在纯化水中加入保湿剂,加热混合至75℃而得到水相。将油分进行加热溶解之后,加入(1)的工序中制备的中间油中水型乳化物、表面活性剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂并调整为75℃。将其加入于前面的水相中,用分散器混合机进行均匀化之后,进行冷却。最后加入用少量的纯化水溶解的人锰SOD及香料并混合,进行脱气。
配合(质量%):
实施例5洗面奶的制备
按照以下所示的配合及步骤制备洗面奶。
步骤:将脂肪酸、柔软剂、保湿剂进行加热溶解,保持在70℃(油相)。将碱溶解于纯化水,一边搅拌油相,一边添加。充分地进行中和反应后,添加表面活性剂并进行混合,其后开始冷却。添加螯合物剂、香料、用少量的纯化水溶解的组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)、人锰SOD并进行均匀化、冷却、脱泡。
配合(质量%):
实施例6粉底霜的制备
按照以下所示的配合及步骤制备粉底霜。
步骤:将充分混合而粉碎的粉末成分添加于油相,用均质混合器进行处理,以使成为均匀。在得到的混合物中加入水相成分,用均质混合器进行处理。接着,添加用少量的纯化水溶解的组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)、人锰SOD并均匀化,进行脱泡。
配合(质量%):
实施例7防晒乳液的制备
按照以下所示的配合及步骤制备防晒乳液。
步骤:将油相部和水相部分别加热至70℃并使其溶解。油相部充分地进行二氧化钛的分散,一边进行均质机处理,一边添加水相部。均匀化后,开始冷却。添加用少量的纯化水溶解的组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)、人锰SOD并均匀化后,进行脱泡。
配合(质量%):
实施例8
组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)及抗坏血酸葡糖苷组合使用中酪氨酸酶活性抑制评价试验
将参考例1中使用的组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)[表2中简称为(A)成分]和参考例3中使用的抗坏血酸葡糖苷[表2中简称为(B-2)成分]分别以成为表2所示的比例的方式组合而使用,除此之外,按照参考例1及参考例3制备试验溶液,利用所述试验法酪研究氨酸酶活性抑制率。各试样的酪氨酸酶活性抑制率及各成分单独的情况的改善程度如表2中记载的那样。需要说明的是,表2中,也同时记载参考例1及参考例3的结果。
由该结果可知:通过组合使用组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)和抗坏血酸葡糖苷,与单独使用两者的情况相比,酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力显著地改善。例如,以2.15μg/mL使用组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)时、及以20.0mg/mL使用抗坏血酸葡糖苷时的酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力分别为25.3%、26.8%,与此相对,组合使用两者时,显示100%的酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力。该数值相当于单独使用两者时的酪氨酸酶活性抑制率之和即52.1%的1.92倍。
实施例9~11及比较例4~5
组合使用组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)及抗坏血酸衍生物导致的酪氨酸酶活性抑制评价试验
作为(B-2)成分,使用抗坏血酸磷酸Mg(5mg/mL)、抗坏血酸磷酸Na(5mg/mL)或抗坏血酸(0.01mg/mL)代替抗坏血酸葡糖苷,除此之外,与实施例8同样地操作,制备试验溶液,研究各自的酪氨酸酶活性抑制率。组合使用的组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)浓度设为2.15μg/mL。另外,为了比较,对使用3-O-乙基抗坏血酸(2.5mg/mL)或抗坏血酸硫酸2Na(2.5mg/mL)的体系也同样地进行试验。各试样的酪氨酸酶活性抑制率及各成分单独的情况的改善程度如表3中记载的那样。表3中,同时记载参考例1的结果。
由该结果可知:组合使用组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)和抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸磷酸Mg或抗坏血酸磷酸Na时,与分别单独使用的情况相比,酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力显著地改善。与此相对,在使用3-O-乙基抗坏血酸或抗坏血酸硫酸2Na的情况下,即使组合使用组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌),也无法得到充分的酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力。
比较例6
使用吡哆素盐酸盐(维生素B6)的5mg/mL水溶液代替抗坏血酸葡糖苷,除此之外,与实施例8同样地操作,评价酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力。需要说明的是,组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)浓度设为2.15μg/mL。其结果如下所述。
由该结果可知:即使组合使用组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)和吡哆素盐酸盐,也与分别单独使用的情况相比,几乎不能得到酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力的改善效果。
比较例7
使用α-硫辛酸(立山化成株式会社制造)的4.31μg/mL的水溶液代替组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌),除此之外,与实施例8同样地操作,评价酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力。需要说明的是,抗坏血酸葡糖苷的浓度设为5mg/mL。其结果如下所述。
表5
Iα-硫辛酸相对于(B-2)成分的使用比率(R2)
II酪氨酸酶活性抑制率(%)
III两个成分组合使用时的酪氨酸酶活性抑制率/各成分单独使用时的酪氨酸酶活性抑制率之和
由该结果可知:在使用α-硫辛酸的情况下,即使组合使用抗坏血酸葡糖苷,也无法得到充分的酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力。
实施例12化妆水的制备
按照以下所示的配合及步骤制备化妆水。
步骤:在纯化水中加入保湿剂、防褪色剂、缓冲剂、组氨酸二硫辛酰胺、抗坏血酸葡糖苷、pH调节剂,在室温下溶解而得到水相。另一方面,在乙醇中加入柔软剂、表面活性剂、防腐剂、香料,在室温下溶解而得到醇相。接着,将该醇相添加于所述的水相。
配合(质量%):
*1:“DM-His.Zn”(Oga-Research株式会社制造)
实施例13水中油型乳霜的制备
按照以下所示的配合及步骤制备乳霜。
步骤:在纯化水中加入保湿剂、碱,加热混合至70℃而得到水相。将油分进行加热溶解之后,将加入表面活性剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂并设为70℃的油相加入于所述的水相,用均质混合器进行均匀化后,进行冷却。最后在香料和少量的纯化水中加入使组氨酸二硫辛酰胺、pH制备剂、抗坏血酸葡糖苷溶解而成的溶液并混合,进行脱气。
配合(质量%):
实施例14W/O/W(水中油中水型)乳霜的制备
按照以下所示的配合及步骤制备乳霜。
步骤:
(1)制备中间油中水型乳化物的工序
在纯化水中加入保湿剂、氯化钠、组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌),加热混合至50℃而得到水相。将油分进行加热溶解之后,加入表面活性剂并调整为50℃。其中加入前面的水相,用分散器混合机均匀化之后,进行冷却,得到中间油中水型乳化物。
(2)使用中间油中水型乳化物制备水中油中水型乳霜的工序
就水中油中水乳霜而言,在纯化水中加入保湿剂并加热混合至75℃而得到水相。将油分进行加热溶解之后,加入(1)的工序中制备的中间油中水型乳化物、表面活性剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂并调整为75℃。将其加入于前面的水相,用分散器混合机均匀化之后,进行冷却。最后加入香料和在少量的纯化水中使抗坏血酸葡糖苷及pH调节剂溶解而成的溶液并混合,进行脱气。
配合(质量%):
实施例15洗面奶的制备
按照以下所示的配合及步骤制备洗面奶。
步骤:将脂肪酸、柔软剂、保湿剂进行加热溶解并保持在70℃,设为油相。在纯化水中溶解碱,一边搅拌所述的油相,一边添加。充分地进行中和反应之后,添加表面活性剂并混合之后,开始冷却。螯合物剂、香料、在少量的纯化水中添加使组氨酸二硫辛酰胺、pH调节剂及抗坏血酸葡糖苷溶解而成的溶液,进行均匀化、冷却、脱泡。
配合(质量%):
实施例16粉底霜的制备
按照以下所示的配合及步骤制备粉底霜。
步骤:搅拌油相后,添加充分地进行了混合粉碎的粉末部并进行均质混合器处理。溶解水相之后,加入其中,用均质混合器进行处理。在少量的纯化水中添加使组氨酸二硫辛酰胺、pH调节剂及抗坏血酸Na溶解而成的溶液并均匀化,进行脱泡。
配合(质量%):
实施例17防晒乳液的制备
按照以下所示的配合及步骤制备粉底霜。
步骤:将油相部和水相部分别加热至70℃并使其溶解。油相部充分地进行二氧化钛的分散,一边进行均质机处理,一边添加水相部。均匀化后,开始冷却。在少量的纯化水中添加使组氨酸二硫辛酰胺、pH制备剂及抗坏血酸磷酸Mg溶解而成的溶液并均匀化后,进行脱泡。
配合(质量%):
工业实用性
本发明的酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂具有与单独使用α-硫辛酸衍生物的情况相比显著地改善的酪氨酸酶活性抑制能力,可用作配合于化妆品或医药部外品等的材料。另外,含有该酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂的皮肤外用剂可以有效地抑制酪氨酸酶活性,可用作美白效果优异的化妆品、医药部外品。
Claims (5)
1.一种酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂,其包括组氨酸二硫辛酰胺(Na/锌)(A)与人锰SOD(B-1)或抗坏血酸类(B-2)的组合,
所述抗坏血酸类(B-2)选自抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸葡糖苷、抗坏血酸磷酸单酯及它们的盐中的1种或2种以上,
并且,所述酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂为(A)成分和(B-1)成分的组合时,基于下述式的两个成分的使用比率(R1)为0.1~500,
R1=[(B-1)成分的单元浓度(unit/mL)/(A)成分的浓度(μg/mL)],
所述酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂为(A)成分和(B-2)成分的组合时,基于下述式的两个成分的使用比率(R2)为0.01~300,
R2=[(A)成分的浓度(μg/mL)]/[(B-2)成分的浓度(mg/mL)]。
2.如权利要求1所述的酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂,其中,
人锰SOD(B-1)通过利用大肠杆菌或酵母进行重组合成来制造。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂,其中,
(B-2)成分为抗坏血酸葡糖苷、抗坏血酸-2-磷酸钠、抗坏血酸-2-磷酸钾、抗坏血酸-2-磷酸镁或抗坏血酸-2-磷酸钙。
4.一种皮肤外用剂,其含有权利要求1~3中任一项所述的酪氨酸酶活性抑制剂。
5.如权利要求4所述的皮肤外用剂,其中,
皮肤外用剂为化妆料。
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JP2015085494A JP6752551B2 (ja) | 2015-04-18 | 2015-04-18 | チロシナーゼ活性阻害剤および皮膚外用剤 |
PCT/JP2016/061343 WO2016170990A1 (ja) | 2015-04-18 | 2016-04-07 | チロシナーゼ活性阻害剤および皮膚外用剤 |
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FR2675997B1 (fr) | 1991-05-03 | 1993-12-24 | Oreal | Composition topique anti radicaux libres a base de superoxyde-dismutase et d'un derive phosphonique. |
DE4218572A1 (de) | 1992-06-05 | 1993-12-09 | Asta Medica Ag | Synergistische Kombination von Arzneimitteln enthaltend als Wirkstoff alpha-Liponsäure, Dihydroliponsäure, deren Metaboliten sowie die oxidierten und reduzierten Enantiomere der alpha-Liponsäure wie die R-alpha-Liponsäure oder S-alpha-Liponsäure sowie Metaboliten der alpha-Liponsäure mit den Vitaminen A, B1-6, B12, C und E |
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DE10111046A1 (de) * | 2001-03-06 | 2002-09-12 | Beiersdorf Ag | Verwendung von Wirkstoffkombinationen aus alpha-Liponsäure und dermatologisch verträglichen Substanzen, die Lichtabsorption im UV-A-Bereich und/oder UV-B-Bereich zeigen,zur Herstellung von kosmetischen oder dermatologischen Zubereitungen zur Behandlung und/oder Prophylaxe unerwünschter Hautpigmentierung |
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