CN107421874B

CN107421874B - Horizontal seepage test device and use method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN107421874B
Application number: CN201710807447.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 董辉; 赵一帆; 罗正东; 蒋秀姿
Original assignee: Xiangtan University
Current assignee: Xiangtan University
Priority date: 2017-09-08
Filing date: 2017-09-08
Publication date: 2023-10-10
Anticipated expiration: 2037-09-08
Also published as: CN107421874A

Abstract

A horizontal seepage test device comprises a water chamber, a seepage generation device and a support; the seepage generating device is arranged above the support; the water chamber is arranged at one side of the seepage generating device and the support; the seepage generating device is of a box structure; one side of the water chamber, which is close to the seepage generating device, is provided with a water chamber connector, and one end of the seepage generating device, which is close to the water chamber, is provided with a water chamber connector which is connected and communicated with the water chamber connector; the seepage generating device is sequentially provided with a water storage room, a water isolation room, a soil building groove and a water collecting groove from near to far from the water room. The device provided by the invention can effectively simulate the layering and stacking condition of the rock-soil medium body in the nature, and can accurately measure the horizontal permeability coefficient of the rock-soil medium body.

Description

Horizontal seepage test device and use method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a seepage test device and a seepage test method, in particular to a horizontal seepage test device and a use method thereof, and belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering test equipment.

Background

The seepage theory is widely applied in various fields such as water conservancy, civil engineering, water supply and drainage, environmental protection, geology, petroleum, chemical industry and the like. In hydraulic engineering, the most common seepage problems are: seepage and stabilization of hydraulic structures on soil and permeable foundations, design calculation of water collecting structures such as water wells, water collecting galleries and the like, side seepage of reservoirs and canal sides and the like. Many aspects of hydraulic engineering involve seepage. Such as by-pass and seepage in the water permeable foundations of hydraulic buildings and in the rock formations or soil bodies to which the building is connected, seepage in water retaining dams, seepage in formations caused by irrigation pumping or construction drainage, etc. The seepage problems studied mainly are: distribution of water heads or ground water levels in a seepage area, determination of seepage flow, force of seepage flow on a building substrate, seepage flow speed distribution, soil structure deformation caused by seepage flow and the like.

In the field of geotechnical engineering, the permeability coefficient is an extremely important characteristic characterization parameter of geotechnical media whether underground engineering construction or prevention and control work of geological disasters. Most of landslide disasters in geological disasters are directly or indirectly related to rainfall, so that research on landslide medium seepage rules of a landslide body is imperative and must go deep in order to perform prevention and control work of the landslide disasters. However, most of the current scientific research work only expands vertical seepage of the rock-soil medium, and research on the horizontal seepage rule of the rock-soil medium is needed to be in depth. The lower part of the mass of the loose accumulation body landslide body with higher occurrence frequency is often bedrock, after rainfall water infiltrates to the bedrock part, the infiltration is stopped, the horizontal infiltration is continued, and a plurality of scientific researchers neglect the influence of the horizontal infiltration flow of the water on the landslide.

Furthermore, in the model test of landslide and the like, the single-value quantities of the two similar phenomena must be similar according to the similar third theorem in the similar theory, which puts a requirement on the similarity of the boundary conditions of the side seepage. The measurement of the horizontal permeability coefficient of the geotechnical medium is important for the determination of the percolation boundary conditions before the model test is performed.

In the prior horizontal seepage test device, more or less problems exist. The soil horizontal permeability coefficient measuring instrument discloses a rock-soil medium horizontal permeability coefficient measuring instrument (Gu Honghai, chen Qun. Soil horizontal permeability coefficient measuring instrument: CN, CN 102034634A [ P ] 2011.) can measure sample horizontal permeability coefficient and impervious slope drop, but the instrument has higher manufacturing cost, is inconvenient to observe the change of a wetting front along with time, has single permeability coefficient measuring method, and cannot be compared. An anisotropic measuring device and measuring method for hydraulic characteristics of unsaturated soil provides a method (Chen Rui, liu Jian, wu Hongwei, etc.) for measuring hydraulic characteristic parameters of unsaturated soil by evaporation method, an anisotropic measuring device and measuring method for hydraulic characteristics of unsaturated soil, anisotropy measurement apparatus and method for measuring non-saturated soil hydraulic properties: CN, CN 103822845A [ P ] 2014 ], but it cannot measure saturated seepage characteristic parameters of rock-soil medium. A horizontal seepage test device (HuS, zhu H, chen Y.one-dimensional horizontal infiltration experiment for determining permeability coefficient of loamy sand [ J ]. Journal of Arid Land,2017,9 (1): 27-37.) is provided in Journal of Arid Land, but the horizontal column is cylindrical, soil compaction is still axial compaction, the vertical seepage coefficient of soil is actually measured, and the design is used for coarse-grained soil horizontal seepage test, the horizontal column section must be enlarged, and the unstable wetting front can occur.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the above consideration, in order to comprehensively analyze the horizontal seepage characteristics of the rock-soil medium and make up for the defects of the conventional test device, the invention provides the horizontal seepage test device and the use method thereof, which can effectively simulate the layering accumulation condition of the rock-soil medium in the nature, and the accurately measured seepage coefficient is the horizontal seepage coefficient of the rock-soil medium.

According to a first embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a horizontal seepage test device:

a horizontal seepage test device comprises a water chamber, a seepage generation device and a support. The seepage generating device is arranged above the support. The hydroecium sets up in the one side of seepage flow generating device and support. The seepage generating device is of a box structure. One side of the water chamber, which is close to the seepage generating device, is provided with a water chamber connector, and one end of the seepage generating device, which is close to the water chamber, is provided with a water chamber connector, and the water chamber connector of the seepage generating device is connected and communicated with the water chamber connector. The seepage generating device is sequentially provided with a water storage room, a water isolation room, a soil building groove and a water collecting groove from near to far from the water room.

In the invention, the water chamber is of a box structure, preferably a cuboid structure.

In the invention, the top of the water chamber is provided with a water chamber water inlet flow valve. The bottom of the side face of the water chamber is provided with a water chamber water outlet valve. The side of the water chamber and above the horizontal position of the seepage generating device are provided with water level regulating valves.

In the invention, the seepage generating device is of a box structure. One end of the seepage generating device is of an opening structure and is connected and communicated with the connecting port of the water chamber. The seepage generating device further comprises a first cover plate, a first water-stop plate, a second water-stop plate, a first porous plate and a second porous plate. The front end of the top of the seepage generating device is fixedly provided with a first cover plate, and a first water stop plate socket and a second water stop plate socket are arranged on the first cover plate. The first waterproof board socket is located in the middle of the first cover plate, and the second waterproof board socket is located at the rear side edge of the first cover plate. The bottom of the seepage generating device and the position right below the first water stop socket are provided with first water stop grooves. The bottom of the seepage generating device and the position right below the second water stop socket are provided with second water stop grooves. The side walls of the two sides of the inside of the seepage generating device are respectively provided with a first porous plate slot and a second porous plate slot. The first water stop is arranged between the first water stop socket and the first water stop groove. The second water stop is arranged between the second water stop socket and the second water stop groove. The first porous plate is arranged between the first porous plate slots on the side walls of the two sides of the inner part. The second porous plate is arranged between the second porous plate slots on the side walls of the two sides of the inner part. The second water stop plate and the first porous plate are closely arranged. The water chamber connecting port, the first water stop plate and the side walls at two sides of the seepage generating device form a water storage room. The first water-stop plate, the second water-stop plate and the side walls of the two sides of the seepage generating device form a water-stop space. The first porous plate, the second porous plate and the side walls of the two sides of the seepage generating device form a soil building groove. The second porous plate, the tail end side plate of the seepage generating device and the side walls of the two sides of the seepage generating device form a water collecting tank. The top of the soil building groove is provided with a second cover plate.

In the invention, a drain valve of the water isolation room is arranged at the bottom or below the side part of the water isolation room. The top of the first water stop plate and/or the second water stop plate is provided with a handle.

In the invention, a seepage generating device water outlet is arranged at the bottom or below the side part of the water collecting tank.

Preferably, the front surface of the first water stop plate is provided with a first water stop plate waterproof strip. The side (or rear) of the first water stop is provided with a first water stop fixing groove.

Preferably, the first waterproof board fixing groove is arranged above the first waterproof board waterproof strip.

Preferably, the front surface of the second water-stop plate is provided with a second water-stop plate waterproof strip. The side (or rear) of the second water stop is provided with a second water stop fixing groove.

Preferably, the second waterproof board fixing groove is arranged above the second waterproof board waterproof strip.

Preferably, the side of the water chamber is provided with 1-30 water level regulating valves, preferably 2-20 water level regulating valves, more preferably 3-10 water level regulating valves.

Preferably, the intervals between adjacent water level adjustment valves are the same.

Preferably, the second cover plate is provided with a test hole.

Preferably, the second cover plate is provided with 2-20 test holes, preferably 3-10 test holes, more preferably 4-8 test holes.

Preferably, the water chamber connecting port of the seepage generating device is tightly connected with the connecting port of the water chamber through a waterproof sealing plate and a connecting bolt.

Preferably, the height of the support is 0.5-2 times, preferably 0.6-1.5 times, more preferably 0.7-1.2 times the height of the seepage generating device.

In the invention, the first porous plate and the second porous plate are provided with small water permeable holes.

Preferably, the water chamber and the seepage generating device are made of transparent materials, preferably organic glass or acrylic materials.

According to a second embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of testing horizontal seepage:

a method of testing horizontal seepage, the method comprising the steps of:

1) Preparing a material similar to a rock-soil medium, and determining the filling compactness and the layered filling thickness of the material;

2) Inserting a first water-stop plate, a second water-stop plate, a first porous plate and a second porous plate into the seepage generating device, attaching a first water-stop plate waterproof strip to the first water-stop plate, attaching a second water-stop plate waterproof strip to the second water-stop plate, respectively sealing contact surfaces of the first porous plate, the second porous plate and the seepage generating device, respectively arranging filter cloth on one sides of the first porous plate and the second porous plate, which are close to a soil building groove, and drawing a filling layering baseline outside the soil building groove;

3) Filling the materials into a soil-building groove according to the required material quality of each layer, filling and compacting in layers, scraping hairs between the layers to ensure close contact, arranging matrix suction force or pore water pressure sensors at equal intervals in the filled materials, leading out sensor wires from test holes on a second cover plate after filling, covering the second cover plate, and sealing;

4) Opening a water inlet flow valve of a water chamber, adding water into a water supply chamber, and when water is added to the height of the outer surface of the bottom of the seepage generating device, opening a drain valve of a water isolation room to drain water, so as to ensure that the soil building groove is dried before the test starts; then, adjusting a water inlet flow valve of the water chamber, adjusting the water adding rate into the water chamber to a set water level, and adjusting a water level adjusting valve to ensure the water level to be constant;

5) Opening a first water-stop plate, enabling a waterproof strip of the first water-stop plate to be tightly attached to the inner wall of the top of the seepage generating device, inserting a clamping plate into a first water-stop plate fixing groove to fix the outer side, sealing, closing a drain valve of a water-stop chamber, adjusting the water supply rate to enable the water-storage chamber and the water-stop chamber to be full of water, and adjusting a water level adjusting valve to maintain stable water level;

6) Opening a second water stop plate, enabling a second water stop plate waterproof strip to be tightly attached to the inner wall of the top of the seepage generating device, inserting a clamping plate into a second water stop plate fixing groove to fix the outer side, sealing, starting a seepage test, and maintaining stable water level by adjusting a water level adjusting valve;

7) When the seepage is stable, the data is recorded by a matrix suction force or pore water pressure sensor.

According to a third embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of testing horizontal seepage:

a method of testing horizontal seepage, the method comprising the steps of:

3) Filling the materials into a soil-building groove according to the required material quality of each layer, filling and compacting in layers, scraping hairs between the layers to ensure close contact, inserting a moisture probe from a test hole on the second cover plate, covering the second cover plate, and sealing;

7) When the seepage is stable, recording the seepage flow at different time intervals, namely obtaining the seepage flow through the difference value of the water inflow of the water chamber water inlet flow valve and the water outlet of the water level regulating valve; the migration change condition of the wetting front along with time is obtained, namely, the water level of the water chamber is changed through the seepage flow by measuring through a water probe, the operation is performed again, and data are recorded.

According to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of testing horizontal seepage:

a method of testing horizontal seepage, the method comprising the steps of:

3) Filling the materials into a soil-building groove according to the required material quality of each layer, filling and compacting in layers, scraping hairs between the layers to ensure close contact, covering a second cover plate, and sealing; inserting a water guide glass tube from a test hole on the second cover plate;

7) After the seepage is stabilized, until the rock and soil medium is completely wet and saturated, reading the water head value of each water guide glass tube and the water discharge amount of the seepage generating device in unit time after the water head value in the water guide glass tube is stabilized.

In the invention, the water chamber connecting port is arranged at one end of the seepage generating device close to the water chamber, which means that the seepage generating device is opened at the whole section of one end of the water chamber, namely, one end of the seepage generating device is of an opening structure, and the water chamber connecting port is the water inlet of the seepage generating device. The water chamber is provided with a connecting port at one side close to the seepage generating device, and the size of the connecting port is equivalent to the external size of the water chamber connecting port of the seepage generating device. The side bottom of the water chamber is provided with a water chamber water outlet valve, and the side bottom of the water chamber is the position on the side wall of the water chamber and close to the bottom of the water chamber.

In the present invention, the front end of the seepage generating device means the end of the seepage generating device near the water chamber, and the corresponding end (or rear end) of the seepage generating device means the end away from the water chamber. Therefore, the front end of the top of the seepage generating device is fixedly provided with a first cover plate, namely, the top of the seepage generating device, which is close to one end of the water chamber, is fixedly provided with the first cover plate. The terminal side plate of the seepage generating device refers to a side plate of the seepage generating device arranged on one side surface away from the water chamber, namely a side plate arranged on the side surface of the seepage generating device opposite to the water chamber connecting port.

In the invention, the seepage generating device is sequentially provided with a water storage room, a water isolation room, a soil building groove and a water collecting groove from the near to the far from the water room. The water chamber connecting port, the first water stop plate and the side walls of the two sides of the seepage generating device form a water storage room; the first water-stop plate, the second water-stop plate and the side walls of the two sides of the seepage generating device form a water-stop space; the first porous plate, the second porous plate and the side walls of the two sides of the seepage generating device form a soil building groove; the second porous plate, the tail end side plate of the seepage generating device and the side walls of the two sides of the seepage generating device form a water collecting tank. Therefore, the positions of the first water stop plate, the second water stop plate, the first porous plate and the second porous plate are arranged from the near to the far according to the distance from the water chamber, wherein the second water stop plate and the first porous plate are closely arranged (or are arranged without gaps). The first porous plate and the second porous plate are provided with a plurality of water permeable small holes, and the water permeable small holes are arranged on the first porous plate and/or the second porous plate at equal intervals or unequal intervals.

In addition, the front face of the first water-stop plate and/or the second water-stop plate is provided with a waterproof strip, the side face (or the rear face) of the first water-stop plate and/or the second water-stop plate is provided with a water-stop plate fixing groove, the front face of the first water-stop plate or the second water-stop plate refers to one face, close to a water chamber connecting port, of two side faces with larger areas in four side faces of the first water-stop plate or the second water-stop plate, and the side face of the first water-stop plate or the second water-stop plate refers to two side faces (or one side face) with smaller areas in the four side faces of the first water-stop plate or the second water-stop plate. The rear face of the first water stop plate or the second water stop plate refers to the face opposite to the front face of the four side faces of the first water stop plate or the second water stop plate. Preferably, the waterproof board fixing groove is arranged above the waterproof board strip, for example, the vertical distance between the waterproof board fixing groove and the waterproof board strip is the thickness of the first cover board of the seepage generating device.

In general, a water chamber connecting port of the seepage generating device is tightly connected with a connecting port of the water chamber through a waterproof sealing plate and a connecting bolt. The waterproof sealing plate is arranged around the connecting port, the waterproof sealing plate can be arranged into various shapes such as a long strip shape, and meanwhile, a plurality of bolt connecting holes are formed in the waterproof sealing plate, and then the water chamber connecting port of the seepage generating device is tightly connected with the connecting port of the water chamber through the connecting bolt.

In the present invention, the height of the support is 0.5 to 2 times, preferably 0.6 to 1.5 times, more preferably 0.7 to 1.2 times the height (i.e., vertical ridge length) of the seepage generating device. The height of the support is the vertical distance between the plane of the bottom surface of the seepage generating device and the plane of the bottom surface of the water chamber. The support is arranged at a proper height, so that the plane of the bottom surface of the seepage generating device is not on the same plane as the plane of the bottom surface of the water chamber, the design can utilize the reflux of water flow in the water chamber below the plane of the bottom surface of the seepage generating device, the water chamber connecting port of the seepage generating device, namely the water inlet section water flow speed tends to be more rapid and stable, so that the water flow speed stability of the water inlet section of the seepage generating device is effectively improved, and stable migration of a wetting front in a rock-soil medium is ensured after seepage begins. Generally, the size of the support is preferably such that a margin is left around the periphery of the bottom surface of the seepage-generating device when the seepage-generating device is supported.

The external space size of the seepage generating device is determined according to the internal space size of the soil building groove, and the internal space size of the soil building groove is determined according to the granularity characteristics of the rock-soil medium.

When the rock-soil medium is fine-grained soil with the maximum grain diameter of not more than 5mm, the side length of the cross section of the internal space of the soil-building groove (the cross section is a surface perpendicular to the seepage direction) is set to be 50-150 mm, and the length of the internal space of the soil-building groove (the seepage direction) is set to be more than 1 time of the side length of the cross section. When the rock-soil medium is coarse-grained soil with the maximum grain diameter grain larger than 5mm, the side length of the cross section of the internal space of the soil building groove is set to be more than 6 times of the maximum coarse-grained soil grain diameter, and the length of the internal space of the soil building groove is set to be more than 2-3 times of the side length of the cross section.

In addition, for the coarse-grained soil and the fine-grained soil, the longer side length of the inner space cross section of the seepage generating device is 1-1.5 times of the shorter side length, the distance between the water chamber connecting port of the seepage generating device and the first water-stop plate is 0.1-0.3 times of the inner space length of the soil building groove, the distance between the first water-stop plate and the second water-stop plate is 0.1-0.5 times of the inner space length of the soil building groove, and the distance between the second porous plate and the tail end side plate of the seepage generating device is 0.1-0.5 times of the inner space length of the soil building groove.

In general, the external space dimensions of the seepage generating device are: a length of 30-800mm, preferably 50-600mm, more preferably 60-500mm; the width is 20-300mm, preferably 30-200mm, more preferably 50-150mm; the height is 30-500mm, preferably 40-400mm, more preferably 50-300mm.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the bottom surface of the seepage generating device and the bottom surface of the water chamber are not on the same plane, the vertical distance between the two bottom surfaces is preferably set to be 0.5-2 times of the height (namely, the vertical edge length) of the seepage generating device, and the design can enable the water flow in the water chamber below the plane of the bottom surface of the seepage generating device to be more rapid and stable in the water flow speed of the water chamber connecting port of the seepage generating device, namely, the water flow speed of the water inlet section of the seepage generating device, so that the water flow speed stability of the water inlet section of the seepage generating device is effectively improved, and stable migration of a wetting front in a rock-soil medium is ensured after seepage begins;

2. The seepage generating device is of a box structure, and an opening structure at the upper end of the seepage generating device is beneficial to layering compaction of the rock-soil medium body, so that layering accumulation condition of the rock-soil medium body in the nature can be effectively simulated, and the measured seepage coefficient is the horizontal seepage coefficient of the rock-soil medium body;

3. according to the invention, a double-layer water-stop plate structure is adopted before the porous plate of the seepage generating device, so that the rock-soil medium is dried before seepage occurs, and the whole section of the rock-soil medium is basically contacted with water flow at the same time after the seepage begins, thus ensuring accurate test;

4. the horizontal seepage test method provides a plurality of methods for measuring the permeability coefficient of the rock-soil medium, and the measurement results of the methods can be compared.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of a horizontal seepage test device according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a right side view of a horizontal seepage test device according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken at the A-A position of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a horizontal seepage test device according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the water chamber in the device of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a seepage generating device in the device of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a top view of a seepage-generating device in the apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the B-B position of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a first water barrier in the apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a second water barrier in the apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of a second cover plate in the device of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the structure of the water chamber connection port in the device of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the structure of a first perforated plate in the apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing the use state of a horizontal seepage test device according to the present invention.

Reference numerals:

1: a water chamber; 101: a connection port; 102: a water inlet flow valve of the water chamber; 103: a water chamber drain valve; 104: a water level regulating valve; 2: a seepage generating device; 201: a water chamber connecting port; 202: a water storage room; 203: a water-proof room; 20301: a drain valve in the water-proof room; 204: building a soil groove; 20401: a second cover plate; 20402: a test well; 205: a water collection tank; 20501: a water outlet of the seepage generating device; 206: a first cover plate; 207: a first water-stop plate; 20701: a first riser socket; 20702: a first water stop groove; 20703: a first waterproof strip of the waterproof plate; 20704: the first waterproof board fixing groove; 208: a second water-stop plate; 20801: a second water stop socket; 20802: a second water stop groove; 20803: a second waterproof strip of the waterproof plate; 20804: the second waterproof plate is fixed in the groove; 209: a first porous plate; 20901: a first perforated plate slot; 210: a second porous plate; 21001: a second perforated plate slot; 211: a handle; 3: and (5) a support.

Detailed Description

According to a first embodiment of the present invention, a horizontal seepage test device is provided.

A horizontal seepage test device comprises a water chamber 1, a seepage generation device 2 and a support 3. The seepage generating device 2 is arranged above the support 3. The water chamber 1 is provided at one side of the seepage generating device 2 and the support 3. The seepage generating device 2 is of a box structure. The side of the water chamber 1, which is close to the seepage generating device 2, is provided with a connecting port 101, and the end of the seepage generating device 2, which is close to the water chamber 1, is provided with a water chamber connecting port 201, and the water chamber connecting port 201 of the seepage generating device 2 is connected and communicated with the connecting port 101 of the water chamber 1. The seepage generating device 2 is provided with a water storage room 202, a water isolation room 203, a soil building groove 204 and a water collecting groove 205 in sequence from the near to the far from the water room.

In the present invention, the water chamber 1 has a box structure, preferably a rectangular parallelepiped structure.

In the invention, a water chamber water inlet flow valve 102 is arranged at the top of the water chamber 1. The bottom of the side surface of the water chamber 1 is provided with a water chamber drain valve 103. The water chamber 1 is provided with a water level regulating valve 104 on the side surface and above the horizontal position of the seepage generating device 2.

In the present invention, the seepage generating device 2 has a box structure. One end of the seepage generating device 2 is of an opening structure and is connected and communicated with the connecting port 101 of the water chamber 1. The seepage generating device 2 further comprises a first cover plate 206, a first water stop plate 207, a second water stop plate 208, a first porous plate 209 and a second porous plate 210. The front end of the top of the seepage generating device 2 is fixedly provided with a first cover plate 206, and the first cover plate 206 is provided with a first water stop plate inserting opening 20701 and a second water stop plate inserting opening 20801. The first water trap receptacle 20701 is located in the middle of the first cover plate 206. The second water stop socket 20801 is located at a rear edge of the first cover plate 206. A first water-stop groove 20702 is provided at the bottom of the seepage-generating device 2 and at a position directly below the first water-stop socket 20701. The bottom of the seepage generating device 2 and the position right below the second water stop socket 20801 are provided with second water stop grooves 20802. The side walls of the two sides of the inside of the seepage generating device 2 are respectively provided with a first porous plate slot 20901 and a second porous plate slot 21001. The first baffle 207 is disposed between the first baffle socket 20701 and the first baffle recess 20702. The second water stop 208 is disposed between the second water stop socket 20801 and the second water stop groove 20802. The first porous plate 209 is disposed between the first porous plate insertion grooves 20901 on both side walls of the inside. The second perforated plate 210 is disposed between the second perforated plate slots 21001 on both side walls of the inside. The second water blocking plate 208 and the first porous plate 209 are closely disposed. The water chamber connection port 201, the first water stop 207 and both side walls of the seepage generating device 2 constitute a water storage room 202. The first water blocking plate 207, the second water blocking plate 208 and both side walls of the seepage generating device 2 constitute a water blocking room 203. The first porous plate 209, the second porous plate 210, and both side walls of the seepage generating device 2 constitute the soil making groove 204. The second perforated plate 210, the end side plate of the seepage generating device 2, and both side walls of the seepage generating device 2 constitute a water collection tank 205. A second cover plate 20401 is provided on top of the soil-building trough 204.

In the present invention, a drain valve 20301 is provided below the bottom or side of the trap 203. A handle 211 is provided on top of the first water stop 207 and/or the second water stop 208.

In the present invention, a seepage-generating device drain 20501 is provided below the bottom or side of the sump 205.

Preferably, the front surface of the first water barrier 207 is provided with a first water barrier waterproof strip 20703. The side (or rear) of the first water blocking plate 207 is provided with a first water blocking plate fixing groove 20704.

Preferably, the first waterproof sheet fixing groove 20704 is provided above the first waterproof sheet strip 20703.

Preferably, the front surface of the second water stop plate 208 is provided with a second water stop plate waterproof strip 20803. The second water blocking plate 208 is provided at a side (or rear) thereof with a second water blocking plate fixing groove 20804.

Preferably, the second waterproof board fixing groove 20804 is disposed above the second waterproof board strip 20803.

Preferably, 1-30 water level adjusting valves 104, preferably 2-20 water level adjusting valves 104, more preferably 3-10 water level adjusting valves 104 are provided on the side of the water chamber 1.

Preferably, the spacing between adjacent water level adjustment valves 104 is the same.

Preferably, the second cover plate 20401 is provided with a test hole 20402.

Preferably, the second cover plate 20401 is provided with 2 to 20 test holes 20402, preferably 3 to 10 test holes 20402, and more preferably 4 to 8 test holes 20402.

Preferably, the water chamber connection port 201 of the seepage generating device 2 and the connection port 101 of the water chamber 1 are tightly connected by a waterproof sealing plate and a connecting bolt.

Preferably, the height of the support 3 is 0.5-2 times, preferably 0.6-1.5 times, more preferably 0.7-1.2 times the height of the seepage generating device 2.

In the present invention, the first porous plate 209 and the second porous plate 210 are provided with water permeable pores.

Preferably, the water chamber 1 and the seepage generating device 2 are made of transparent materials, preferably organic glass or acrylic materials.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a horizontal seepage test device comprises a water chamber 1, a seepage generating device 2 and a support 3. The seepage generating device 2 is arranged above the support 3. The water chamber 1 is provided at one side of the seepage generating device 2 and the support 3. The seepage generating device 2 is of a box structure. The side of the water chamber 1, which is close to the seepage generating device 2, is provided with a connecting port 101, and the end of the seepage generating device 2, which is close to the water chamber 1, is provided with a water chamber connecting port 201, and the water chamber connecting port 201 of the seepage generating device 2 is connected and communicated with the connecting port 101 of the water chamber 1. The seepage generating device 2 is provided with a water storage room 202, a water isolation room 203, a soil building groove 204 and a water collecting groove 205 in sequence from the near to the far from the water room. The water chamber connection port 201 of the seepage flow generating device 2 is tightly connected with the connection port 101 of the water chamber 1 through a waterproof sealing plate and a connecting bolt.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 5 to 13, example 1 is repeated except that the water chamber 1 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure. The top of the water chamber 1 is provided with a water chamber water inlet flow valve 102. The bottom of the side surface of the water chamber 1 is provided with a water chamber drain valve 103. The water chamber 1 is provided with a water level regulating valve 104 on the side surface and above the horizontal position of the seepage generating device 2. The seepage generating device 2 is of a box structure. One end of the seepage generating device 2 is of an opening structure and is connected and communicated with the connecting port 101 of the water chamber 1. The seepage generating device 2 further comprises a first cover plate 206, a first water stop plate 207, a second water stop plate 208, a first porous plate 209 and a second porous plate 210. The front end of the top of the seepage generating device 2 is fixedly provided with a first cover plate 206, and the first cover plate 206 is provided with a first water stop plate inserting opening 20701 and a second water stop plate inserting opening 20801. The first water trap receptacle 20701 is located in the middle of the first cover plate 206. The second water stop socket 20801 is located at a rear edge of the first cover plate 206. A first water-stop groove 20702 is provided at the bottom of the seepage-generating device 2 and at a position directly below the first water-stop socket 20701. The bottom of the seepage generating device 2 and the position right below the second water stop socket 20801 are provided with second water stop grooves 20802. The side walls of the two sides of the inside of the seepage generating device 2 are respectively provided with a first porous plate slot 20901 and a second porous plate slot 21001. The first baffle 207 is disposed between the first baffle socket 20701 and the first baffle recess 20702. The second water stop 208 is disposed between the second water stop socket 20801 and the second water stop groove 20802. The first porous plate 209 is disposed between the first porous plate insertion grooves 20901 on both side walls of the inside. The second perforated plate 210 is disposed between the second perforated plate slots 21001 on both side walls of the inside. The second water blocking plate 208 and the first porous plate 209 are closely disposed. The water chamber connection port 201, the first water stop 207 and both side walls of the seepage generating device 2 constitute a water storage room 202. The first water blocking plate 207, the second water blocking plate 208 and both side walls of the seepage generating device 2 constitute a water blocking room 203. The first porous plate 209, the second porous plate 210, and both side walls of the seepage generating device 2 constitute the soil making groove 204. The second perforated plate 210, the end side plate of the seepage generating device 2, and both side walls of the seepage generating device 2 constitute a water collection tank 205. A second cover plate 20401 is provided on top of the soil-building trough 204. A drain valve 20301 is provided below the bottom or side of the compartment 203. A handle 211 is provided on top of the first water stop 207 and/or the second water stop 208. A seepage-generating device drain 20501 is provided below the bottom or side of the sump 205. The front surface of the first water stop 207 is provided with a first water stop strip 20703. The side of the first water blocking plate 207 is provided with a first water blocking plate fixing groove 20704. The first waterproof sheet fixing groove 20704 is provided above the first waterproof sheet strip 20703. The front surface of the second waterproof board 208 is provided with a second waterproof board strip 20803. The second water stop plate 208 is provided with a second water stop plate fixing groove 20804 on a side surface. The second waterproof board fixing groove 20804 is disposed above the second waterproof board strip 20803. The side of the water chamber 1 is provided with 6 water level regulating valves 104. The spacing between adjacent water level adjustment valves 104 is the same. The second cover plate 20401 is provided with 6 test holes 20402. The height of the support 3 is 1.1 times the height of the seepage generating device 2. The first porous plate 209 and the second porous plate 210 are provided with small water permeable holes. The water chamber 1 and the seepage generating device 2 are made of organic glass.

Example 3

Example 2 is repeated except that 12 water level adjustment valves 104 are provided on the side of the water chamber 1. The second cover plate 20401 is provided with 10 test holes 20402. The water chamber 1 and the seepage generating device 2 are made of acrylic materials.

Use example 1

Using the method of example 2, a method of testing horizontal seepage comprising the steps of:

2) The seepage generating device 2 is inserted with a first water-stop plate 207, a second water-stop plate 208, a first porous plate 209 and a second porous plate 210, a first water-stop plate waterproof strip 20703 is stuck on the first water-stop plate 207, a second water-stop plate waterproof strip 20803 is stuck on the second water-stop plate 208, sealing the contact surfaces of the first porous plate 209 and the second porous plate 210 and the seepage generating device 2 respectively, arranging filter cloth on one side of the first porous plate 209 and the second porous plate 210 close to the soil building groove 204 respectively, and drawing a filling layering baseline outside the soil building groove 204;

3) The material is filled into the soil-building trough 204 according to the mass of material required for each layer, then is filled and compacted layer by layer, the layers are shaved to ensure close contact, pore water pressure sensors are arranged at equal intervals in the filling material, after filling, sensor wires are led out from test holes 20402 on a second cover plate 20401, the second cover plate 20401 is covered, and sealing is carried out;

4) And opening the water inlet flow valve 102 of the water chamber, adding water into the water chamber 1, and opening the drain valve 20301 of the water isolation chamber when the water is added to the height of the outer surface of the bottom of the seepage generating device 2, so as to drain water and ensure that the soil building groove 204 is dried before the test starts. Then, the water inlet flow valve 102 of the water chamber is regulated, the water adding rate into the water chamber 1 is regulated to the set water level, and the water level regulating valve 104 is regulated to ensure the water level to be constant;

5) Opening the first water stop 207 to enable the first water stop waterproof strips 20703 to be clung to the inner wall of the top of the seepage generating device 2, inserting a clamping plate into the first water stop fixing groove 20704 on the outer side for fixing, sealing, closing the water stop drain valve 20301, adjusting the water supply rate to enable the water storage room 202 and the water stop 203 to be full of water, and adjusting the water level adjusting valve 104 to maintain stable water level;

6) Opening the second water stop plate 208 to enable the second water stop plate waterproof strip 20803 to be clung to the inner wall of the top of the seepage generating device 2, inserting a clamping plate into the second water stop plate fixing groove 20804 for fixing, sealing, starting a seepage test, and maintaining the water level stable by adjusting the water level adjusting valve 104;

7) When the seepage is stable, the data is recorded by the pore water pressure sensor.

Use of example 2

A method of testing horizontal seepage using the method of example 3, the method comprising the steps of:

2) The seepage generating device 2 is inserted into a first water-stop plate 207, a second water-stop plate 208, a first porous plate 209 and a second porous plate 210, a first water-stop plate waterproof strip 20703 is stuck on the first water-stop plate 207, a second water-stop plate waterproof strip 20803 is stuck on the second water-stop plate 208, contact surfaces of the first porous plate 209, the second porous plate 210 and the seepage generating device 2 are respectively sealed, filter cloth is arranged on one sides of the first porous plate 209 and the second porous plate 210, which are close to a soil building groove 204, and a filling layering baseline is drawn outside the soil building groove 204.

3) Filling the materials into the soil-building groove 204 according to the required material quality of each layer, filling and compacting in layers, scraping hairs between the layers to ensure close contact, inserting moisture probes from test holes 20402 on the second cover plate 20401, covering the second cover plate 20401, and sealing;

7) When the seepage is stable, the seepage flow at different time intervals is recorded, namely, the seepage flow is obtained through the difference value between the water inflow of the water chamber water inlet flow valve 102 and the water outflow of the water level regulating valve 104. The migration change condition of the wetting front along with time is obtained, namely, the water level of the water chamber is changed through the seepage flow by measuring through a water probe, the operation is performed again, and data are recorded.

Use of example 3

2) The seepage generating device 2 is inserted into a first water-stop plate 207, a second water-stop plate 208, a first porous plate 209 and a second porous plate 210, a first water-stop plate waterproof strip 20703 is stuck on the first water-stop plate 207, a second water-stop plate waterproof strip 20803 is stuck on the second water-stop plate 208, contact surfaces of the first porous plate 209, the second porous plate 210 and the seepage generating device 2 are respectively sealed, filter cloth is arranged on one side, close to a soil building groove 204, of the first porous plate 209 and the second porous plate 210, and a filling layering baseline is drawn outside the soil building groove 204;

3) Filling the materials into a soil-building groove 204 according to the required material quality of each layer, filling and compacting in layers, scraping hairs between the layers to ensure close contact, covering a second cover plate 20401, sealing, and inserting a water-guiding glass tube from a test hole 20402 on the second cover plate 20401;

7) After the seepage is stabilized, until the rock and soil medium is completely wet and saturated, reading the water head value of each water guide glass tube and the water discharge amount of the seepage generating device in 20501 unit time after the water head value in the water guide glass tube is stabilized.

Claims

1. A horizontal seepage test device comprises a water chamber (1), a seepage generation device (2) and a support (3); the seepage generating device (2) is arranged above the support (3); the water chamber (1) is arranged at one side of the seepage generating device (2) and the support (3), and the height of the support is the vertical distance between the plane of the bottom surface of the seepage generating device and the plane of the bottom surface of the water chamber; the seepage generating device (2) is of a box structure; one side of the water chamber (1) close to the seepage generating device (2) is provided with a connecting port (101), one end of the seepage generating device (2) close to the water chamber (1) is provided with a water chamber connecting port (201), and the water chamber connecting port (201) of the seepage generating device (2) is connected and communicated with the connecting port (101) of the water chamber (1); the seepage generating device (2) is sequentially provided with a water storage room (202), a water isolation room (203), a soil building groove (204) and a water collecting groove (205) from the near to the far from the water room;

The seepage generating device (2) further comprises a first cover plate (206), a first water-stop plate (207), a second water-stop plate (208), a first porous plate (209) and a second porous plate (210); the front end of the top of the seepage generating device (2) is fixedly provided with a first cover plate (206), and the first cover plate (206) is provided with a first water-stop plate jack (20701) and a second water-stop plate jack (20801); the first water stop plate inserting opening (20701) is positioned in the middle of the first cover plate (206), and the second water stop plate inserting opening (20801) is positioned at the rear side edge of the first cover plate (206); the bottom of the seepage generating device (2) is provided with a first water-stop plate groove (20702) at a position right below the first water-stop plate socket (20701), and the bottom of the seepage generating device (2) is provided with a second water-stop plate groove (20802) at a position right below the second water-stop plate socket (20801); the side walls of the two sides of the inside of the seepage generating device (2) are respectively provided with a first porous plate slot (20901) and a second porous plate slot (21001); the first water stop plate (207) is arranged between the first water stop plate jack (20701) and the first water stop plate groove (20702); the second water stop plate (208) is arranged between the second water stop plate inserting opening (20801) and the second water stop plate groove (20802); the first porous plate (209) is arranged between first porous plate slots (20901) on the inner side walls, and the second porous plate (210) is arranged between second porous plate slots (21001) on the inner side walls; the second water-stop plate (208) and the first porous plate (209) are closely arranged; the water chamber connecting port (201), the first water stop plate (207) and the side walls at two sides of the seepage generating device (2) form a water storage room (202); the first water-stop plate (207), the second water-stop plate (208) and the side walls of the two sides of the seepage generating device (2) form a water-stop space (203); the first porous plate (209), the second porous plate (210) and the side walls of the two sides of the seepage generating device (2) form a soil building groove (204); the second porous plate (210), the tail end side plate of the seepage generating device (2) and the side walls of the two sides of the seepage generating device (2) form a water collecting tank (205); a second cover plate (20401) is arranged at the top of the soil building groove (204); the first porous plate (209) and the second porous plate (210) are provided with small water permeable holes; the second cover plate (20401) is provided with a test hole (20402); the height of the support (3) is 0.5-2 times of the height of the seepage generating device (2).

2. The horizontal seepage test device according to claim 1, wherein: the water chamber (1) is of a box structure; the top of the water chamber (1) is provided with a water chamber water inlet flow valve (102); the bottom of the side surface of the water chamber (1) is provided with a water chamber water outlet valve (103); the side surface of the water chamber (1) and the upper part of the horizontal position of the seepage generating device (2) are provided with water level regulating valves (104).

3. The horizontal seepage test device according to claim 2, wherein: the water chamber (1) is of a cuboid structure.

4. A horizontal seepage test device according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein: a drain valve (20301) of the water isolation room is arranged below the bottom or the side part of the water isolation room (203); the tops of the first water stop plate (207) and the second water stop plate (208) are provided with handles (211); a seepage generating device water outlet (20501) is arranged at the bottom or below the side part of the water collecting tank (205).

5. The horizontal seepage test device according to claim 4, wherein: the front surface of the first water-stop plate (207) is provided with a first water-stop plate waterproof strip (20703), and the side surface of the first water-stop plate (207) is provided with a first water-stop plate fixing groove (20704); the front face of the second water stop plate (208) is provided with a second water stop plate waterproof strip (20803), and the side face of the second water stop plate (208) is provided with a second water stop plate fixing groove (20804).

6. The horizontal seepage test device according to claim 5, wherein: the first waterproof board fixing groove (20704) is arranged above the first waterproof board waterproof strip (20703); the second waterproof plate fixing groove (20804) is arranged above the second waterproof plate waterproof strip (20803).

7. The horizontal seepage test device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5 to 6, wherein: 1-30 water level regulating valves (104) are arranged on the side surface of the water chamber (1); and 2-20 test holes (20402) are formed in the second cover plate (20401).

8. The horizontal seepage test device according to claim 7, wherein: 2-20 water level regulating valves (104) are arranged on the side surface of the water chamber (1); and 3-10 test holes (20402) are formed in the second cover plate (20401).

9. The horizontal seepage test device according to claim 8, wherein: 3-10 water level regulating valves (104) are arranged on the side surface of the water chamber (1); and 4-8 test holes (20402) are formed in the second cover plate (20401).

10. The horizontal seepage test device according to claim 7, wherein: the spacing between adjacent water level regulating valves (104) is the same.

11. The horizontal seepage test device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 5 to 6, 8 to 10, wherein: the water chamber connecting port (201) of the seepage generating device (2) is tightly connected with the connecting port (101) of the water chamber (1) through a waterproof sealing plate and a connecting bolt; the height of the support (3) is 0.6-1.5 times of the height of the seepage generating device (2).

12. The horizontal seepage test device according to claim 11, wherein: the height of the support (3) is 0.7-1.2 times of the height of the seepage generating device (2).

13. The horizontal seepage test device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 5 to 6, 8 to 10, 12, wherein: the water chamber (1) and the seepage generating device (2) are made of transparent materials.

14. The horizontal seepage test device according to claim 13, wherein: the water chamber (1) and the seepage generating device (2) are made of organic glass.

15. A method of using the horizontal seepage test device of any one of claims 1 to 14, the method comprising the steps of:

2) Inserting a first waterproof plate (207), a second waterproof plate (208), a first porous plate (209) and a second porous plate (210) into the seepage generating device (2), attaching a first waterproof plate waterproof strip (20703) to the first waterproof plate (207), attaching a second waterproof plate waterproof strip (20803) to the second waterproof plate (208), respectively sealing contact surfaces of the first porous plate (209), the second porous plate (210) and the seepage generating device (2), respectively arranging filter cloth on one sides of the first porous plate (209) and the second porous plate (210) close to a soil building groove (204), and drawing a filling layered baseline outside the soil building groove (204);

3) Filling the materials into a soil-building groove (204) according to the required material quality of each layer, filling and compacting in layers, scraping hairs between the layers to ensure close contact, arranging matrix suction force or pore water pressure sensors in the filled materials at equal intervals, leading out sensor wires from test holes (20402) on a second cover plate (20401) after filling, covering the second cover plate (20401), and sealing;

4) Opening a water inlet flow valve (102) of a water chamber, adding water into a water supply chamber (1), and opening a drain valve (20301) between water baffles when the water is added to the height of the outer surface of the bottom of the seepage generating device (2), so as to drain water and ensure that a soil building groove (204) is dried before the test starts; then, a water inlet flow valve (102) of the water chamber is regulated, the water adding rate into the water chamber (1) is regulated to a set water level, and a water level regulating valve (104) is regulated to ensure the water level to be constant;

5) Opening a first water stop plate (207) to enable a first water stop plate waterproof strip (20703) to be closely attached to the inner wall of the top of the seepage generating device (2), inserting a clamping plate into a first water stop plate fixing groove (20704) to fix the water stop plate waterproof strip at the outer side, sealing the water stop plate, closing a water stop valve (20301), adjusting the water supply rate to enable a water storage room (202) and a water stop room (203) to be full of water, and adjusting a water level adjusting valve (104) to maintain stable water level;

6) Opening a second water stop plate (208) to enable a second water stop plate waterproof strip (20803) to be closely attached to the inner wall of the top of the seepage generating device (2), inserting a clamping plate into a second water stop plate fixing groove (20804) to fix the outer side, sealing, starting a seepage test, and maintaining the water level stable by adjusting a water level adjusting valve (104);

16. A method of using the horizontal seepage test device of any one of claims 1 to 14, the method comprising the steps of:

3) Filling the materials into a soil-building groove (204) according to the required material quality of each layer, filling and compacting in layers, scraping hairs between the layers to ensure close contact, inserting moisture probes from test holes (20402) on a second cover plate (20401), covering the second cover plate (20401), and sealing;

7) When the seepage is stable, recording the seepage flow at different time intervals, namely obtaining the seepage flow through the difference value of the water inflow of the water chamber water inlet flow valve (102) and the water outflow of the water level regulating valve (104);

the migration change condition of the wetting front along with time is obtained, namely, the water level of the water chamber is changed through the infiltration flow as measured by the water probe, the operations from the step 4) to the step 7) are carried out again, and the data are recorded.

17. A method of using the horizontal seepage test device of any one of claims 1 to 14, the method comprising the steps of:

3) Filling the materials into a soil-building groove (204) according to the required material quality of each layer, filling and compacting in layers, scraping hairs between the layers to ensure close contact, covering a second cover plate (20401), and sealing; inserting a water guide glass tube from a test hole (20402) on the second cover plate (20401);

7) After the seepage is stabilized, until the rock and soil medium is completely wet and saturated, reading the water head value of each water guide glass tube and the water discharge amount of a seepage generating device water outlet (20501) in unit time after the water head value in the water guide glass tube is stabilized.