JP2004177358A - Modelling device of geologic structure and hydraulics - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a modelling testing device capable of performing an infiltration flow test of stratum deformation considering existence of ground water and deformed model stratum in situ or in either of horizontal and vertical directions. <P>SOLUTION: This modelling device of a geologic structure and hydraulics comprises a rectangular soil tank formed of a bottom plate, side plates, a front transparent plate, and a rear transparent plate, a loading plate disposed in the soil tank for loading horizontal force on a simulated stratum in the soil tank, and a means for measuring and observing deformation of the simulated stratum and test fluid flow in the deformed simulated stratum. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a modeling test technique capable of elucidating the interaction mechanism between formation deformation and fluid movement in consideration of the characteristics of underground geology with high accuracy, and more particularly, the effect of the presence of groundwater on the formation of cracks and faults underground. On geological structure and hydraulic modeling equipment that can evaluate the effects of crustal deformation on the formation of faults, as well as the relative change and spatial distribution of fluid movement characteristics in strata near cracks and faults Things.
This device is useful for modeling tests to properly predict and evaluate underground geological structures and underground fluid movement in various fields such as structural geology, petroleum geology, geotechnical engineering, hydraulics and geological disposal of waste.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a conventional technique for modeling a deformed structure of a stratum, there is a technique called a sandbox method as shown in FIG. 1 (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1). In this method, two box members each having a U-shaped side wall are placed on a bottom plate facing each other, and these box members are configured so as to be nested in a horizontal direction with respect to each other to form a sandbox. A layered model stratum is created in the formed sandbox. In order to deform the model formation, one U-shaped side wall is fixed, and the other U-shaped side wall is moved in a horizontal direction along the bottom plate. In order to observe the deformed stratum structure, the U-shaped side wall is formed of a transparent material and observed directly from the side of the sandbox, or the stratum sample is solidified with a solidifying agent such as resin and the cross section to be evaluated is obtained. Cut and polish along and observe. In recent years, the inside of a sample can be observed using an X-ray scanner. Dry sand, clay, glass beads, hard spheres, and the like have been used as samples for modeling the formation.
On the other hand, in order to model a fluid movement state in a stratum, a hydraulic test using an earth tank or a water tank as shown in FIG. 2 is performed (for example, see Patent Document 1). In this device, at least one casing well having small holes for introducing air and drawing a vacuum is installed at both ends of a cell composed of transparent front and back plates. Thereafter, the cell is filled with a porous material and saturated with at least one liquid. After closing the upper part of the cell, vacuum is drawn from one of the casing wells, γ-rays or X-rays are transmitted and measured between the front and back of the cell, and the measurement results at multiple points are mapped to map the water content. Evaluate the spatial distribution.
[0003]
[Non-patent document 1]
Ph. Davy and P.M. R. Cobbold (1991): Experiments on Shortening of A 4-Layer Model of the Continental Lithosphere, Tectonophysics, Vol. 188, p. 1-25.
[Patent Document 1]
US Pat. No. 5,789,662
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The sandbox method as described above has been widely used in the fields of structural geology and petroleum geology as the only and effective laboratory test method for modeling the macroscopic deformation structure of the formation. However, in recent years, in the long-term safety assessment of geological disposal facilities for various types of waste including nuclear waste, it is necessary to simultaneously measure and evaluate not only the structure of the underground geology but also the fluid transfer characteristics in it. The conventional modeling test apparatus cannot meet such new needs in the following points.
(1) The effect of the presence of fluid on the deformation of the stratum cannot be evaluated. In fact, groundwater exists underground and strongly affects the deformation of strata, especially the formation of microstructures that govern fluid movement.
(2) The deformed stratum is structurally heterogeneous and anisotropic. Conventional modeling test techniques cannot assess the effects of these properties on formation seepage characteristics.
(3) In the conventional hydraulic modeling test using an earth tank, only a fluid flow test in a homogeneously filled model formation can be performed. The actual strata are not ideal and have been subject to years of crustal deformation. Especially in the case of geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste, it is necessary to evaluate the ultra-long-term safety of 100,000 years even after the construction of the facility, but it is essential to predict groundwater movement taking into account the effects of crustal deformation. ing.
[0005]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is a first object of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems of the related art and to provide a modeling test apparatus for formation deformation in consideration of the presence of groundwater.
It is a second object of the present invention to provide an apparatus capable of performing a permeation flow test on a deformed model formation in a horizontal or vertical direction on the spot.
It is a third object of the present invention to provide an apparatus capable of sampling without deforming a model formation after a deformation test and measuring a spatial distribution of the permeability.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the geological structure and hydraulic modeling apparatus of the present invention is applied to a rectangular earthen vessel composed of a bottom plate, a side plate, a front transparent plate and a rear transparent plate, and a simulated formation in the rectangular earthen tank. It is characterized by comprising a loading plate installed in a rectangular earthen tank for loading a horizontal force, and a means for measuring and observing the deformation of the simulated formation and the flow of the test fluid in the deformed simulated formation.
Also, the geological structure and hydraulic modeling apparatus of the present invention comprises a rectangular earth tank having a fixed bottom plate, a front fixed side plate, a rear fixed side plate, an assembled front transparent plate and a rear transparent plate, and the fixed bottom plate and the front fixed plate. A perforated rigid plate and a porous filter plate or an impermeable plate are provided on the inner side of the side plate via a spacer.
Further, the geological structure and hydraulic modeling apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that a transparent liner plate is provided inside the assembled front transparent plate and the rear transparent plate.
Further, in the geological structure and hydraulic modeling apparatus of the present invention, the loading plate has a water blocking structure between the inner wall of the rectangular earthen tank, and a perforated rigid plate and a porous filter plate are provided inside the loading plate through a spacer. Alternatively, it is characterized in that an impermeable plate is provided and an inclination preventing mechanism for preventing inclination due to an unbalanced load is provided.
Further, the geological structure and hydraulic modeling apparatus of the present invention connects a loading / unloading device for loading or unloading a load to a loading plate, and controls a deformation speed of the simulated stratum through the loading plate. An unloading control device is provided.
Further, the geological structure and hydraulic modeling apparatus of the present invention is provided with a permeation hole in the lower and upper portions of the rectangular soil tank, in order to perform a vertical seepage flow test of the simulated formation formed in the rectangular earth tank. It is characterized in that a test fluid injected from a permeation hole can be supplied from a lower part or an upper part of the simulated formation through a tank-shaped space formed by a spacer and a porous filter plate.
In addition, the geological structure and hydraulic modeling apparatus of the present invention provides a perforation hole in the loading plate to perform a permeation flow test in a horizontal direction of a simulated formation formed in a rectangular earthen tank, and is injected from the perforation hole. The test fluid can be supplied via a tank-shaped space formed by the spacer, a porous rigid plate, and a lower portion of the porous filter plate.
Further, the geological structure and hydraulic modeling apparatus of the present invention is provided with a tilting mechanism capable of tilting the rectangular earthen tank to the side of the front transparent plate or the rear transparent plate of the assembling type, and the rectangular earthen tank is tilted to the front. The transparent plate or the rear transparent plate is disassembled so that sampling can be performed at any place in the simulated formation.
In addition, the geological structure and hydraulic modeling apparatus of the present invention includes a transparent sampling guide plate having a plurality of guide holes into which a sample container can be inserted.
[0007]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
3 is a front view showing the configuration of the geological structure and hydraulic modeling apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 4 is a plan view thereof, FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. FIG. 4 is a BB cross-sectional view of FIG. 3.
[0008]
The model stratum G accommodated and produced in the rectangular earthen vessel T is a target of measurement and evaluation, and is produced in the rectangular earthen vessel T in a single layer or a multilayer according to the purpose. Samples often used for the model test include, for example, sand and clay, but various types such as glass beads and silicon powder can be used according to the purpose.
[0009]
The rectangular earthen vessel T is composed of a bottom plate 1, a front fixed side plate 2, a rear fixed side plate 3, a front rigid transparent plate 4 with scale, and a rear rigid transparent plate 5 with scale. In order to prevent the deterioration of the rigid transparent plates 4 and 5 on the front and rear sides and to maintain the transparency, transparent liner plates L1 and L2 which can be easily replaced are provided inside each of them. Specifically, in this embodiment, an acrylic plate having a thickness of 20 mm was used for the front and rear rigid transparent plates 4 and 5, and the center and the periphery thereof were reinforced with a stainless plate. In addition, an acrylic plate having a thickness of 5 mm was adopted as the liner plates L1 and L2.
[0010]
The loading plate 8 is for applying a horizontal force to the model stratum G to deform the model stratum G, and is in close contact with the liner plates L1, L2 and the bottom plate 1 of the rectangular earthen tank T as shown in FIGS. It is provided so that it can slide in the left-right direction. The loading plate 8 has a follow-up double waterproof packing 6, a loading plate inclination preventing mechanism 7 for preventing inclination due to an unbalanced load, a spacer S3 for performing a seepage flow test in the horizontal direction of the model formation G, a perforated rigidity. A plate P3, a porous filter plate (or impermeable plate) F3, a permeation hole for permeation flow test, and an associated pipe V3 are provided. The followable double water-stop packing 6 has a structure that can always stop water even when the loading plate 8 moves, and is made of high elastic rubber.
[0011]
The loading / unloading device 9 for loading or unloading the load on the loading plate 8 can be arbitrarily switched between loading and unloading automatically by the loading / unloading control device 10 or manually by the manual handle 11. The load generated by the loading / unloading device 9 is transmitted to the loading plate 8 via the load cell 12. The loading / unloading control device 10 can automatically and manually switch between loading and unloading and control the loading speed. For example, in the present embodiment, when a 100 cm long model formation is compressed to a maximum of 50 cm, the loading time can be set arbitrarily between 1 hour and 10 hours. The loading / unloading device can generate a maximum thrust of 50 KN (5 tons). The height of the ordinary model formation is about half of the height of the earthen tub of 60 cm, and a pressure of about 1400 kPa can be applied to the model formation with respect to the earthen tub having a width of 11.4 cm. The loading / unloading manual handle 11 is used when adjusting the position of the loading plate before or after the test.
The load meter 12 and the displacement meter 13 detect the load and the displacement during the test, and their outputs are displayed by the monitoring and measuring device 14 and can be transferred to another recording medium if necessary. .
[0012]
The rigid guide plate 15 guides the loading plate inclination preventing mechanism 7 along the horizontal direction, and is made of a stainless steel plate.
The holder 16 is attached to the reinforcing frames of the front and rear scaled transparent plates 4 and 5 to prevent the lateral deformation of the rectangular earthen tank at the time of the test, and also to suppress the rigid guide plate 15.
The lid 17 is used only when necessary, and is provided with a spacer S4, a perforated rigid plate P4, and a permeation test V4.
The two tie lots 18 are for increasing the rigidity of the entire rectangular earthen tank.
The pedestal 19 is for installing the rectangular earth tank T, the loading / unloading device 9, and the like, and the height is determined in consideration of the convenience of the test operation.
[0013]
7 and 8 are side views showing a mechanism for inclining the rectangular earthen tub T. FIG.
By rotating the earth tank tilting handle 20, the driving earth tank tilt mechanism 21 and the passive earth tank tilt mechanism 22 are linked by the interlocking chain 23, and the entire rectangular earth tank T can be tilted up to 45 °. Thus, when the front rigid transparent plate 4 and the front transparent liner plate L1 are removed and sampling is performed at an arbitrary place from the earthen tub, it is possible to prevent collapse of the model formation G due to its own weight.
[0014]
The plurality of cap screws 24 are used when assembling or disassembling the rigid rigid transparent plates 4 and 5 and the transparent liner plates L1 and L2 as earth tanks, and attached around the rigid transparent plates 4 and 5 with the calibration. It is evenly applied to the rigid transparent plates 4 and 5 via the metal reinforcing frame.
The plurality of earth tank bottom plate fixing screws 25 are for securely fixing the rectangular earth tank T on the pedestal 19.
The spacers S1 to S4 are structures for constructing a narrow tank-shaped space in each place, and for spreading the fluid for the permeation flow test quickly and without resistance to the entire tank-shaped space.
The perforated rigid plates P1 to P4 disperse the fluid flowing from the tank-shaped space constructed in each place relatively uniformly over the cross section where the permeability of the model formation G is to be investigated. It also serves as a support structure for the plates or the impermeable plates F1 to F3. A rubber sheet for waterproofing is attached around the impermeable plate except for the contact surface with the porous filter plate.
[0015]
The porous filter plates F1 and F2 serve to more evenly disperse the permeating fluid over the cross section where the permeability of the model formation is to be investigated and to prevent the sample of the model formation G from flowing out. Specifically, pearl corn or the like is used.
The waterproof packings R1 to R4 are used to assemble the entire rectangular earth tank T as a waterproof structure.
The permeation hole for the permeation flow test and the associated pipes V1 to V4 are for allowing the permeation fluid to flow into or out of the tank-shaped space constructed at each location.
The transparent liner plates L1 and L2 prevent the friction between the model stratum G and the side surface of the rectangular earthen tank T from damaging the front and rear rigid transparent plates 4 and 5 on the scale. And keeps the back transparent.
[0016]
Next, a procedure for assembling the rectangular earthen tank T as a preparation stage of the test will be described.
First, the spacer S2, the perforated rigid plate P2, and the porous filter F2 are sequentially set inside the front fixed side plate 2 of the rectangular earthen vessel T. When performing a vertical seepage test of the model formation G, the porous filter F2 is not used, and an impermeable plate is used instead. After that, the spacer S1, the perforated rigid plate P1, and the porous filter F1 are sequentially set on the bottom plate 1 of the earthen tub. The length of the porous filter F1 is the length corresponding to the final compression of the model formation G, and the remaining portion uses an impermeable plate having the same thickness as the porous filter. Similarly, when the seepage flow of the model formation G is performed in the horizontal direction, only the impermeable plate is used on the perforated rigid plate P1. Thereafter, the front rigid transparent plate 4 with the scale, the rear rigid transparent plate 5 with the scale, and the positive and rear transparent liners L1 and L2 are fitted into predetermined positions, respectively. Thereafter, the loading plate 8 is mounted in the rectangular earth tank B, and the position of the loading plate 8 is adjusted to a predetermined position by the loading / unloading manual handle 11. Thereafter, the plurality of holding screws 24 are evenly tightened to complete the assembly of the rectangular earthen tub T. Thereafter, the loading / unloading device is operated by the loading / unloading control device 10 to measure the frictional force when the loading plate 8 is not loaded. In this case, the friction force is detected by the load meter 12 and displayed by the monitoring and measuring device 14.
[0017]
Next, a procedure for producing the model stratum G in the assembled rectangular earthen vessel T will be described.
In order to produce a dry model stratum, a dry sample is used, and is placed evenly in each layer in a rectangular earthen vessel T, and is compacted to a predetermined density and a predetermined height by a tamper. At this time, the density of the model formation is calculated from the weight of the put sample and the volume in the earth tank. In order to prepare a wet model formation, a sample is prepared in advance with a predetermined water content ratio and compacted to a predetermined density in the same procedure. In order to prepare a fully saturated model formation, fill a rectangular earthen tank with water of an appropriate depth in advance, fill the sample uniformly, and compact it to the specified density and height, or dry it. Alternatively, it can also be produced by saturating a wet model formation. After the production of the model stratum is completed, the rigid guide plate 15 is placed on the upper part of the earthen tub T, and is fixed by the holder. The lid 17 is put on the remaining opening of the earthen tub T. Thereafter, the tie lot 18 is set and tightened appropriately.
[0018]
Next, a process of deforming the model formation G will be described.
The model formation G produced as described above is compressed by applying a force in the horizontal direction via the loading plate 8. This is because it is recognized that the main cause of crustal deformation in the natural world is the relative horizontal movement between plates. In this case, the loading speed can be controlled to a predetermined level by the loading / unloading control device 10. The applied load and the amount of horizontal deformation are detected by the load meter 12 and the displacement meter 13, respectively, and displayed by the monitoring and measuring device 14. The load actually applied to the model formation is the difference between the measured value at the time of the deformation test and the frictional force between the loading plate 8 and the inside of the earth tank measured at the preparation stage. The state of deformation of the compressed model stratum G, that is, the state of folds, cracks, faults, etc. occurring in the model stratum G is observed and recorded. Specifically, a video camera is used to continuously shoot. In addition, a typical deformed state can be photographed using a camera or a digital camera. The compression deformation test ends when the model formation G is compressed to a predetermined length. As a matter of course, even during the compression deformation test, it is possible to temporarily stop the deformation test as needed.
[0019]
Next, a procedure for performing a permeation test in the vertical direction on the model ground G deformed as described above will be described.
In order to conduct a permeation flow test in the vertical direction and observe and photograph the flow state of the fluid in the model formation G, a test fluid, for example, a test fluid, for example, from the through hole V1 connected to the narrow tank-shaped space constructed at the bottom of the rectangular earthen tank T, Then, a coloring fluid is injected, and the fluid is uniformly penetrated into the lower portion of the model formation G through the tank-shaped space constructed by the spacer S1, the perforated rigid plate P1, and the porous filter plate F1. The permeation flow test is terminated when the water has passed through the model formation G and reached the upper part of the formation. In this case, it is possible to simulate the flow of rising water from deep underground in the natural world. Even in the case of geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste, it must be evaluated how basically contaminated water deep underground reaches the living area near the surface. Conversely, a coloring fluid is injected from the permeation flow test perforation hole V4 in the lid 17, and the fluid is evenly sprayed on the upper part of the model formation G through the tank-shaped space constructed by the spacer S4 and the perforated rigid plate P4. . The fluid that has passed through the model formation G and reached the lower part of the formation passes through the tank-like space constructed by the porous filter plate F1, the perforated rigid plate P1, and the spacer S1 laid under the earth tank, and the permeation hole for the permeation flow test. Discharged by V1. In this case, it is possible to simulate the flow of surface water penetrating deep underground. At this time, the flow of surface water permeating deep into the underground is measured, observed, and recorded using measurement and observation means such as a video camera. In order to perform the permeation flow test in the vertical direction, the porous filter plate F2 installed inside the front fixed side plate 2 and the porous filter plate F3 installed inside the loading plate 8 must be in advance in the test preparation stage. It is necessary to replace it with a transparent plate.
[0020]
Next, a description will be given of a horizontal seepage flow test in the model formation G.
In this case, it is necessary to replace the porous filter plate F1 laid on the bottom of the rectangular earthen tank T with an impermeable plate in advance, but the lid 17 does not need to be used. The model stratum G is produced under the same conditions as the above-described penetration test in the vertical direction, and deformed under the same loading conditions. Thereafter, a water blocking gale sheet is attached to the surfaces of the porous filter plates F2 and F3 exposed above the model formation G. In addition, a waterproof sheet is placed on the upper part of the model stratum G, and an appropriate weight is applied. For example, coating with a thin clay cake. In order to perform a seepage test in the horizontal direction and visualize and photograph the state of fluid movement in the model stratum G, a test fluid, for example, a coloring fluid, flows through the penetration hole V3 for the seepage test attached to the loading plate 8. . This permeating fluid is uniformly permeated into the model formation G through the tank-shaped space constructed by the spacer S3, the perforated rigid plate P3, and the lower portion of the porous filter plate F3. The fluid that has passed through the model formation G passes through the lower portion of the tank-shaped space formed by the front porous filter plate F2, the perforated rigid plate P2, and the spacer S2, and flows out through the permeation hole V2 for permeation flow test. At this time, the permeation state of the permeating fluid is measured, observed, and recorded using a measuring and observing means such as a video camera. Accurate prediction and evaluation of fluid movement in the horizontal direction of the stratum is extremely important in the field of underground fluid resource development represented by petroleum and geothermal.
[0021]
Finally, a method of sampling a test specimen in order to evaluate the permeability in a direction perpendicular to the scaled front rigid transparent plate 4 and the scaled rear rigid transparent plate 5 will be described.
After finishing the vertical or horizontal seepage test, the 14 bottom plate fixing screws 25 are removed. Thereafter, the tie lot 18, the lid 17, the holder 16, and the rigid guide plate 15 are sequentially removed. Thereafter, the handle 20 for tilting the earthen tank is rotated, and the driving tilt mechanism 21 and the passive tilt mechanism 22 are operated in the same manner by the interlocking chain 23 to tilt the entire rectangular earthen tank T up to 45 ° (FIGS. 7 and 8). ). Thereafter, the set screw 24 of the front rigid transparent plate 4 is loosened, and the front rigid transparent plate 4 and the liner L1 are sequentially removed. From the earthen tank inclined in this way, it is possible to sequentially collect the required number of pieces in a state in which the model stratum sample is prevented from collapsing due to its own weight.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a transparent guide plate 26 for sampling which is convenient when sampling a specimen. At the time of sampling, a transparent guide plate 26 for sampling is fixed along the surface of the model formation sample, and a cylindrical sample container (not shown) is inserted into a number of guide holes 27 formed in the transparent guide plate 26 for sampling. Insert and collect the sample into the sample container.
The collected test specimens can be evaluated for permeability using a conventional indoor water permeability or air permeability test method. Normally, cracks and faults are generated in the direction perpendicular to the force giving deformation inside the stratum, and the flow of fluid in the direction along the cracks and faults is greatest. In the safety evaluation of various types of waste geological disposal facilities, it is important to accurately predict and evaluate this maximum ease of flow. This is because it is needed when assessing the reach of contaminants.
[0022]
As described above, a model stratum is produced twice under the same conditions, deformed under the same loading conditions, and each deformed model stratum is vertically and horizontally oriented, and furthermore, a front rigid transparent plate 4 with a scale and a scale is provided. It is possible to three-dimensionally evaluate the permeability in the direction perpendicular to the rear rigid transparent plate 5.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it became possible to evaluate the influence which the presence of groundwater had on the formation of underground cracks, faults, etc. which could not be evaluated by the conventional modeling test technique of formation deformation. In addition, the three-dimensional spatial distribution of seepage flow characteristics in the deformed model formation can be evaluated.
This device is useful in all fields of predicting and evaluating fluid movement in the formation, especially for geological disposal of waste that requires accurate prediction and evaluation of the isolation and shielding properties of the formation expected as a natural barrier. This is extremely important in the field of environmental control technology.
In addition, since the produced model stratum is compressed by applying a force in the horizontal direction via the loading plate, the simulated stratum can be horizontally compressed by 50% or more at the maximum and can move freely.
In addition, a vertical or horizontal seepage test can be performed on the formation that has been deformed according to the purpose of the test.
In addition, sampling can be performed by a sampling holder at an arbitrary place in a state where the entire rectangular earthen tank of the test apparatus is inclined to disassemble the front plate and prevent the simulated formation from collapsing.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a conventional technique called a sandbox method for modeling a deformed structure of a stratum.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a conventional hydraulic test using a soil tank or a water tank to model a fluid movement state in a formation.
FIG. 3 is a front view showing a configuration of a geological structure and hydraulic modeling apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a configuration of a geological structure and hydraulic modeling apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is a side view showing a mechanism for tilting a rectangular earthen tank.
FIG. 8 is a side view showing an inclined rectangular earthen tank.
FIG. 9 is a view showing a transparent guide plate for sampling.
[Explanation of symbols]
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 bottom plate 2 front fixed side plate 3 rear fixed side plate 4 front rigid transparent plate with scale 5 rear rigid transparent plate with scale 6 double waterproof packing 7 loading plate inclination prevention mechanism 8 loading plate 9 loading / unloading device 10 loading / unloading Control device 11 Loading / unloading manual handle 12 Load meter 13 Displacement meter 14 Monitoring / measuring device 15 Rigid guide plate 16 Holder 17 Lid 18 Tie lot 19 Pedestal 20 Rectangular soil tank tilting handle 21 Active soil tank tilting mechanism 22 Passive soil Tank tilting mechanism 23 Interlocking chain 24 Holding screw 25 Earth tank bottom plate fixing screw G Model soil layer T Rectangular earth tank S1-S4 Spacers P1-P4 Perforated rigid plates F1-F3 Porous filter plate or impermeable plate R1-R4 Packing V1-V4 Permeation hole for permeation flow test and associated piping L1, L2 Front and back transparent liner plate

Claims (9)

A rectangular earthen basin composed of a bottom plate, a side plate, a front transparent plate and a rear transparent plate, a loading plate installed in a rectangular earthen basin for loading a horizontal force on a simulated formation in the rectangular earthen basin, and the simulated formation And a means for measuring and observing the flow of the test fluid in the deformed simulated stratum. The rectangular earthen tank is composed of a fixed bottom plate, a front fixed side plate, a rear fixed side plate, an assembled front transparent plate and a rear transparent plate, and a perforated rigid plate and a porous plate inside the fixed bottom plate and the front fixed side plate via a spacer. The geological structure and hydraulic modeling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a quality filter plate or an impermeable plate is provided. 3. The geological structure and hydraulic modeling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a transparent liner plate is provided inside the assembled front transparent plate and the rear transparent plate. The loading plate has a water-stop structure between the inner wall of the rectangular tank and a perforated rigid plate and a porous filter plate or an impervious plate are provided on the inner side of the loading plate via a spacer, and inclination due to an uneven load is prevented. The geological structure and hydraulic modeling apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising an inclination preventing mechanism. 2. A loading / unloading device for loading / unloading a load on / from the loading plate, and a loading / unloading control device for controlling a deformation speed of the simulated formation through the loading plate is provided. The geological structure and hydraulic modeling apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4. In order to perform a vertical seepage test of the simulated formation formed in the rectangular earthen tank, through holes are provided in the lower and upper portions of the rectangular earthen tank, and a test fluid injected from the through hole is formed by a spacer. The geological structure and water according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the water can be supplied from a lower part or an upper part of the simulated formation through a space, a perforated rigid plate, or a porous filter plate. Modeling equipment. In order to conduct a seepage test in the horizontal direction of the simulated formation formed in a rectangular earthen tank, a perforation hole is provided in the loading plate, and a test fluid injected from the perforation hole is supplied to the tank-like space formed by the spacer, a perforated hole. The geological structure and hydraulic modeling apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the apparatus can be supplied through lower portions of the porous rigid plate and the porous filter plate. Equipped with a tilting mechanism that can tilt the rectangular earthen tank on the side of the assembled front transparent plate or the rear transparent plate, disassemble the front transparent plate or the rear transparent plate with the rectangular earth tank inclined, and arbitrarily place in the simulated formation The geological structure and hydraulic modeling apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein sampling can be performed in the apparatus. The geological structure and hydraulic modeling apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a sampling transparent guide plate having a plurality of guide holes into which a sample container can be inserted.

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