CN112255160A - Two-dimensional plane seepage test device and method considering water and soil coupling flow - Google Patents

Two-dimensional plane seepage test device and method considering water and soil coupling flow Download PDF

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CN112255160A
CN112255160A CN202011147903.4A CN202011147903A CN112255160A CN 112255160 A CN112255160 A CN 112255160A CN 202011147903 A CN202011147903 A CN 202011147903A CN 112255160 A CN112255160 A CN 112255160A
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seepage
main body
water
sheet main
lower plate
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张天奇
佟婧博
郑刚
王佳琳
张晓凯
邱惠敏
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Tianjin University
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
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    • G01N15/08Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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Abstract

The invention discloses a two-dimensional plane seepage test device considering water and soil coupling flow, which comprises a sample preparation device, a GDS standard volume controller, a saturation device, a pore pressure meter, a CCD camera, a shadowless lamp, data acquisition and storage equipment and a seepage erosion sheet main body, wherein the sample preparation device is connected with the GDS standard volume controller; the structure of the seepage erosion sheet main body is as follows: comprises an upper plate, a lower plate and a permeable stone; the upper plate is provided with sand inlet and outlet holes, the bottom surface of the upper plate is provided with a groove, an annular permeable stone is arranged between the upper plate and the lower plate, and a cavity for filling sand samples is formed between the upper plate and the lower plate; the lower part of the permeable stone is an annular water storage tank, and the bottom of the water storage tank is provided with a plurality of air holes; the sand inlet and outlet holes and the air holes are provided with plugs. The method is used for researching the starting development of water and soil loss outside the structure and the process and mechanism of forming a seepage channel when the underground structure has a seepage point. The method can be used for researching the starting mechanism of the water flow driving particles, can reflect the rule that the outside of the structure is subjected to sand loss to form a pipeline under the seepage effect, and has scientific research significance.

Description

Two-dimensional plane seepage test device and method considering water and soil coupling flow
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and geotechnical engineering tests, in particular to a seepage erosion test device and a method.
Background
In water conservancy and underground works, underground structural engineering accidents caused by seepage frequently occur. "corrode" as the soil body erosion disaster form that structures such as dam, tunnel etc. outside often appears, generally cause by some seepage in low reaches department, along structure and lower sand bed interface, develop upstream gradually against the direction of rivers streamline, form and corrode the pipeline and even large tracts of land cavity, if handle improperly, will form the calamity, cause huge environmental impact and economic loss. So far, only a laminar flow test method of pure fluid based on the Hell-Shore theory is available in the industry, and is mainly used for teaching work of fluid mechanics.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention provides a two-dimensional plane seepage test device considering water and soil coupling flow, which can simulate the movement process of water conservancy driven particles on the surface of an underground structure, and meanwhile, the invention provides a test method for researching the movement mechanism of water driven sand in the disaster occurrence and development process. The device can be used for carrying out tests on the start and development of silt erosion by considering that the uniform and compact silt particles drive the particles to move under the action of hydrodynamic force, and is mainly suitable for the test research on the start and development rules of the surface erosion of the underground structure.
In order to solve the technical problems, the two-dimensional plane seepage test device considering water and soil coupling flow provided by the invention comprises a sample preparation device, a GDS standard volume controller, a saturation device, a pore pressure meter, a CCD camera, a shadowless lamp, data acquisition and storage equipment and a seepage erosion sheet main body; the seepage erosion sheet main body has the structure that: the permeable stone comprises an upper cover plate, a lower plate and an annular permeable stone, wherein the upper cover plate and the lower plate are made of organic glass; the center of the upper cover plate is provided with a sand inlet and outlet hole, the bottom surface of the upper cover plate is provided with an annular groove, the upper surface of the lower plate is provided with a water permeable stone groove, the annular water permeable stone is embedded in the water permeable stone groove, and the height of the annular water permeable stone is greater than the sum of the heights of the water permeable stone groove on the bottom surface of the upper plate and the water permeable stone groove on the upper surface of the lower plate, so that a cavity for filling sand samples is formed between the upper cover plate and the lower plate; a sealing ring is arranged between the upper cover plate and the lower plate; the bottom of the permeable stone groove is an annular water storage groove, and a plurality of air holes are formed in the bottom of the water storage groove; the sand inlet and outlet holes and the air holes are provided with plugs.
Furthermore, the two-dimensional plane seepage test device considering water and soil coupling flow is characterized in that six bolt connecting holes are uniformly arranged on the upper cover plate and the lower plate along the circumferential direction and are matched with the same number of connecting bolts.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a test method using the two-dimensional plane seepage test device, which comprises a saturation treatment process and a seepage test process, and the specific contents are as follows:
step one, a saturation treatment process: when the seepage erosion sheet main body is subjected to a saturation treatment process, the seepage erosion sheet main body is completely immersed in the saturation device, a sand inlet and outlet hole of an upper cover plate of the seepage erosion sheet main body is connected to a sample preparation device through a pipeline, and a chamber of the seepage erosion sheet main body is filled with a saturated sample; after the sample is filled, when the saturation device is observed to be in an airless state, the seepage erosion sheet main body is confirmed to be fully saturated by water in the water environment, and a seepage test process is carried out;
step two, seepage test process: in a shading environment, the seepage erosion sheet main body which is subjected to saturation treatment in the step one is placed on a support with the front surface upward, the GDS standard volume controller is connected with the seepage erosion sheet main body through a transparent hose, and the GDS standard volume controller is used for controlling water inflow in a seepage test process; the CCD camera is arranged right below a lower plate of the seepage erosion sheet main body, the shadowless lamp is arranged right above an upper cover plate of the seepage erosion sheet main body, light of the shadowless lamp is uniform and constant, the GDS standard volume controller is connected to one air hole in the bottom of the lower plate of the seepage erosion sheet main body through a transparent hose, the pore pressure meter is connected to the other air hole in the bottom of the lower plate of the seepage erosion sheet main body, and the pore pressure meter, the CCD camera and the GDS standard volume controller are all connected to data acquisition and storage equipment; and opening data acquisition and storage equipment, recording the hole pressure and the real-time data of the GDS standard volume controller, and controlling water inflow through the GDS standard volume controller until the test is finished.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the two-dimensional plane seepage test device can simulate the movement of particles driven by water conservancy on the surface of an underground structure, is a reasonable and stable geotechnical engineering seepage erosion test research device, and enables scientific research means to be more accurate. The invention provides a two-dimensional plane seepage test method considering water and soil coupling flow, which is a seepage erosion test method developed based on the Hell-Shore principle and used for researching the starting development of water and soil loss outside a structure and the process and mechanism of forming a seepage channel when an underground structure has a seepage point. The method can be used for researching the starting mechanism of the water flow driving particles, can reflect the rule that the outside of the structure is subjected to sand loss to form a pipeline under the seepage effect, and has scientific research significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic layout of a two-dimensional plane seepage test apparatus according to the present invention during saturation process;
FIG. 2 is a schematic layout of a two-dimensional plane seepage test apparatus according to the present invention during a test process;
FIG. 3-1 is a schematic view of the main structure of the seepage erosion sheet of the present invention;
fig. 3-2 is a partial cross-sectional view of fig. 3-1.
In the figure:
1-sample preparation device, 2-GDS standard pressure/volume controller, 3-saturation device, 4-pore pressure meter, 5-CCD camera, 6-shadowless lamp, 7-data acquisition and storage device, 8-hel-Shore sheet, 81-upper cover plate, 82-lower plate, 83-annular pervious stone, 84-sand inlet and outlet hole, 85-groove, 86-sealing ring, 87-annular water storage tank, 88-air hole, 89-plug and 90-sample.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the two-dimensional plane seepage testing apparatus considering soil-water coupling flow according to the present invention includes a sample preparation apparatus 1, a GDS standard volume controller 2, a saturation apparatus 3, a pore pressure meter 4, a CCD camera 5, a shadowless lamp 6, a data acquisition and storage device 7, and a seepage erosion sheet main body 8.
As shown in fig. 3-1 and 3-2, in the present invention, the seepage erosion sheet body 8 is a heler-shore circular plate, and has a structure of: the permeable stone comprises an upper cover plate 81, a lower plate 82 and an annular permeable stone 83, wherein the upper cover plate 81 and the lower plate 82 are both made of transparent rigid materials; six bolt connecting holes are uniformly arranged on the upper cover plate 81 and the lower plate 82 along the circumferential direction, and are provided with the same number of connecting bolts. A sand inlet and outlet hole 84 is formed in the center of the upper cover plate 81, a groove 85 is formed in the bottom surface of the upper cover plate 81, a permeable stone groove is formed in the upper surface of the lower plate 82, the annular permeable stone 83 is embedded in the permeable stone groove, and the height of the annular permeable stone 83 is greater than the sum of the heights of the permeable stone groove in the bottom surface of the upper plate 81 and the permeable stone groove in the upper surface of the lower plate 82, so that a cavity for filling the sample 90 is formed between the upper cover plate 81 and the lower plate; a sealing ring 86 is arranged between the upper cover plate 81 and the lower plate 82; the bottom of the permeable stone groove is an annular water storage groove 87, and a plurality of air holes 88 are formed in the bottom of the water storage groove 87; the sand inlet and outlet hole 84 and the air vent 88 are provided with plugs.
The following description will explain embodiments of the present invention in detail by taking an example in which the seepage erosion sheet main body 8 is a hel-shore circular plate, with reference to the accompanying drawings. The figures show an embodiment of the invention in which the inlet intermediate ceiling is provided with holes around the circular plate.
The core of the device of the invention is as follows: the Hell-Shore circular plate of the seepage erosion sheet main body is a thin sand layer sandwiched between two transparent plates, and the position, shape and size of inlet and outlet water are designed according to test requirements to ensure uniform water flow on the inlet side, wherein a water flow scattering member is also required to be arranged, and how to design the water flow scattering member belongs to common general knowledge in the field, and is not described herein again.
The sample preparation device 1 is a power-adjustable vacuum negative pressure pump, is connected with a seepage erosion sheet main body structure through a transparent hose, and is used for adjusting the pressure environment of a system during sample preparation. The GDS standard pressure/volume controller was used to saturate the process water feed and provide the injection fluid during the test. The saturation device 3 of the present invention must ensure that the entire hel-shore circular plate is immersed in the water therein for providing a closed water environment when the sample is saturated, and the shape and material thereof are not limited. In the saturation stage, selecting a pore pressure meter 4 with a proper measuring range according to the design pressure, and connecting the pore pressure meter 4 in parallel with the negative pressure pipeline for monitoring the system pressure; and a pore pressure meter 4 with a proper range is selected in series at the fluid injection side of the Hell-Shore circular plate in the seepage test stage, and is used for monitoring the pore pressure at the fluid injection side in real time. The CCD camera 5 is a high-power CCD camera and is used for monitoring and recording test phenomena in real time in the test process. The data acquisition and storage device 7 is used for realizing two functions, namely, acquiring and recording the readings of the pore pressure gauge 4 and the GDS standard pressure/volume controller 2 in real time, and monitoring and recording data such as speed, pressure and the like in real time in the saturation and test stages; and secondly, the device is used for acquiring and storing the high-definition pictures acquired by the CCD camera 5 in the test process in real time.
In this embodiment, in the seepage test method, the outer edges of the upper cover plate 81 and the lower plate 82 are provided with metal frames for installing bolt connection holes, the bolt connection holes are all arranged on one side of the frame where water flows are injected, and the positions of the bolt connection holes on the upper cover plate 81 and the lower plate 82 are in one-to-one correspondence, so that bolts can smoothly pass through the bolt connection holes, and the upper cover plate 81 and the lower plate 82 are connected to form a closed whole. And a sealing ring 86 arranged between the upper cover plate 81 and the lower plate 82 is arranged at a corresponding position downstream of the connecting bolt along the water flow direction in the test and is used for ensuring that the cavity of the Hell-Shore circular plate is sealed and watertight. And the annular permeable stone 83 is arranged between the upper cover plate 81 and the lower plate 82, and is positioned at the downstream corresponding position of the sealing ring 86 along the water flow direction in the test, and is used for uniformly feeding water into the test sample 90 in the cavity. The upper cover plate 81 is provided with a permeable stone observation hole which can be sealed at any time at the top of the groove embedded with the permeable stone and is communicated with the atmosphere. In this embodiment, four air holes 88 which can be sealed at any time are formed at the bottom of the annular water storage tank 87 of the lower plate 82 at the lower position of the permeable stone and are communicated with the atmosphere. An outlet is arranged at the most downstream position of the water flow of the upper cover plate 81, and the size and the shape of the outlet are designed according to the test requirements. The size and the shape of the permeable stone are customized according to the test requirement, and in the embodiment, the permeable stone is an annular permeable stone.
The two-dimensional plane seepage test device considering water and soil coupling flow comprises the following steps: a saturation treatment process for sample filling and a seepage test process after the sample filling is finished.
Step one, preparing a Hell-Shore circular plate according to the attached drawing, and placing a sealing ring 86 and an annular permeable stone 83. Connecting the upper cover plate 81 and the lower plate 82 by connecting bolts, connecting sand inlet and outlet holes 84 at the top of the upper cover plate 81 with a vacuum negative pressure pump (and a sample preparation device indicated by reference numeral 1) through a gas pipe, connecting the Hull-Shore disk with a GDS standard pressure/volume controller 2, loading a sand sample 90 into the cavity of the Hull-Shore disk through a sand inlet and outlet 84, sealing the Hull-Shore disk, immersing the sealed and connected Hull-Shore disk in a saturation device 3, opening the vacuum negative pressure pump to maintain the negative pressure in the sealed Hull-Shore disk, simultaneously opening the GDS standard pressure/volume controller 2 to set a constant flow rate of water inlet, observing the water inlet condition, confirming that the inside of the plate is full of water, closing the vacuum negative pressure pump, simultaneously opening all vent holes around the Hull-Shore disk, and when observing the saturation device 3 by naked eyes to have no air state, confirming that the whole plate is fully saturated in water in the water environment, and completing sample filling; closing the water inlet of the GDS standard pressure/volume controller 2, detaching the water inlet pipe of the GDS standard pressure/volume controller 2 from the sand inlet and outlet hole 84 in the middle to connect to the air vent 88 of the edge annular water storage tank 87, connecting the hole pressure meter 4 to the other air vent of the edge annular water storage tank 87 of the metal frame, sealing all the other holes, and carrying out the seepage test process;
step two, seepage test process: in a light-shading environment, the seepage erosion sheet main body 8 processed in the saturation stage is arranged on a support with the front surface upward, the CCD camera 5 is arranged under the lower plate of the seepage erosion sheet main body 8, the shadowless lamp 6 is arranged above the upper cover plate of the seepage erosion sheet main body 8, the light of the shadowless lamp 6 is uniform and constant, the GDS standard volume controller 2 is connected to one air vent 88 at the bottom of the lower plate of the seepage erosion sheet main body 8 through a transparent hose, the pore pressure meter 4 is connected to the other air vent at the bottom of the lower plate of the seepage erosion sheet main body 8, and the pore pressure meter 4, the CCD camera 5 and the GDS standard volume controller 2 are all connected to a data acquisition and storage device 7; opening a data acquisition and storage device 7, recording real-time data of the pore pressure gauge 4 and the GDS standard volume controller 2, and controlling water inflow through the GDS standard volume controller 2;
changing the plate spacing between the upper cover plate 81 and the lower plate 82, repeating the first step and the second step to obtain the test phenomenon and the test result, and ending the test.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the provided test method is the first solid particle material seepage erosion test method developed by self-help based on the Hell-Shore principle in the world and is used for researching the starting development of water and soil loss outside the structure and the process and mechanism of forming a seepage channel when an underground structure has a seepage point. The method can be used for researching the starting mechanism of the water flow driving particles, can reflect the rule that the outside of the structure is subjected to sand loss to form a pipeline under the seepage effect, and has scientific research significance.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are illustrative only and not restrictive, and various modifications which do not depart from the spirit of the present invention and which are intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art.

Claims (3)

1. A two-dimensional plane seepage test device considering water and soil coupling flow comprises a sample preparation device (1), a GDS standard volume controller (2), a saturation device (3), a pore pressure meter (4), a CCD camera (5), a shadowless lamp (6), data acquisition and storage equipment (7) and a seepage erosion sheet main body (8); it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the seepage erosion sheet main body (8) has the structure that: the water-permeable stone comprises an upper cover plate (81), a lower plate (82) and an annular water-permeable stone (83), wherein the upper cover plate (81) and the lower plate (82) are both made of organic glass; a sand inlet and outlet hole (84) is formed in the center of the upper cover plate (81), a groove (85) is formed in the bottom surface of the upper cover plate (81), a permeable stone groove is formed in the upper surface of the lower plate (82), the annular permeable stone (83) is embedded in the permeable stone groove, and the height of the annular permeable stone (83) is greater than the sum of the heights of the permeable stone groove in the bottom surface of the upper plate (81) and the permeable stone groove in the upper surface of the lower plate (82), so that a cavity for filling sand samples is formed between the upper cover plate (81) and the lower plate;
a sealing ring (86) is arranged between the upper cover plate (81) and the lower plate (82);
the bottom of the permeable stone groove is an annular water storage groove (87), and a plurality of air holes (88) are formed in the bottom of the water storage groove (87);
the sand inlet and outlet hole (84) and the air vent (88) are provided with plugs.
2. The two-dimensional plane seepage test device considering water and soil coupled flow according to claim 1, wherein six bolt connection holes are uniformly arranged on the upper cover plate (81) and the lower plate (82) along the circumferential direction and are provided with the same number of connection bolts.
3. A two-dimensional plane seepage test method considering water and soil coupling flow is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, a saturation treatment process: when the seepage erosion sheet main body (8) is subjected to a saturation treatment process, the seepage erosion sheet main body (8) is completely immersed in the saturation device (3), a sand inlet and outlet hole (84) of an upper cover plate (81) of the seepage erosion sheet main body (8) is connected to a sample preparation device (1) through a pipeline, and a chamber of the seepage erosion sheet main body (8) is filled with a saturated sample (90); after the sample is filled, when the gas-free state in the saturation device (3) is observed, the seepage erosion sheet main body (8) is confirmed to be fully saturated by water in the water environment, and a seepage test process is carried out;
step two, seepage test process: in a shading environment, the seepage erosion sheet main body (8) which is subjected to the saturation treatment in the step one is placed on a support in a mode that the front face is upward, the GDS standard volume controller (2) is connected with the seepage erosion sheet main body (88) through a transparent hose, and the GDS standard volume controller (2) is used for controlling water inflow in a seepage test process; the CCD camera (5) is arranged right below a lower plate of the seepage erosion sheet main body (8), the shadowless lamp (6) is arranged right above an upper cover plate of the seepage erosion sheet main body (8), light of the shadowless lamp (6) is uniform and constant, the GDS standard volume controller (2) is connected to one air vent (88) at the bottom of the lower plate of the seepage erosion sheet main body (8) through a transparent hose, the pore pressure meter (4) is connected to the other air vent (88) at the bottom of the seepage erosion sheet main body (8), and the pore pressure meter (4), the CCD camera (5) and the GDS standard volume controller (2) are all connected to a data acquisition and storage device (7); and (3) opening a data acquisition and storage device (7), recording the real-time data of the pore pressure meter (4) and the GDS standard volume controller (2), and controlling water inflow through the GDS standard volume controller (2) until the test is finished.
CN202011147903.4A 2020-10-23 2020-10-23 Two-dimensional plane seepage test device and method considering water and soil coupling flow Pending CN112255160A (en)

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