CN102033034A - Soil body horizontal osmotic coefficient measuring apparatus - Google Patents
Soil body horizontal osmotic coefficient measuring apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN102033034A CN102033034A CN 201010523941 CN201010523941A CN102033034A CN 102033034 A CN102033034 A CN 102033034A CN 201010523941 CN201010523941 CN 201010523941 CN 201010523941 A CN201010523941 A CN 201010523941A CN 102033034 A CN102033034 A CN 102033034A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil body horizontal osmotic coefficient measuring apparatus which mainly comprises a stabilizing water supply system and an osmosis system, wherein the osmosis system mainly comprises a vertically arranged soil body sample chamber, an osmotic water distributing pipe arranged in the center of the sample chamber vertically and a water collector arranged outside the sample chamber and used for receiving osmotic water, wherein the sample chamber consists of a cylinder body, an upper close cover and a lower close cover, the wall surface of the cylinder body is uniformly distributed with osmotic water drain holes, the upper close cover and the lower close cover are airtightly connected with the cylinder body, the pipe wall of the water distributing pipe is uniformly provided with osmosis holes, the upper end of the water distributing pipe is closed and a pipe opening at the lower end of the water distributing pipe is communicated with the stabilizing water supply system after passing through the lower close cover of the sample chamber. The measuring apparatus can be adapted to different soil bodies, can measure soil body horizontal osmotic coefficients under the real state, can be used for measuring the sample horizontal impervious sloping and adapt to the requirement on the high head of the present high earth and rockfill dam, and meets the research demand on real engineering design and soil body osmosis characteristic.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the soil body osmotic coefficient measuring technique, more specifically say, relate to a kind of measuring instrument from soil body level to infiltration coefficient that measure, belong to Geotechnical Engineering experimental study field.
Background technology
In Geotechnical Engineering, perviousness is a fundamental characteristics of the soil body, generally represents with infiltration coefficient.Infiltration coefficient must be by special infiltration Instrument measuring.The permeameter of measuring soil body penetration at present all is vertically to permeate measuring instrument, can only measure the perviousness of the soil body perpendicular to the soil layer interface, i.e. the vertical infiltration coefficient of the soil body.Yet, in actual engineering, the infiltration of water mainly be along soil body level to infiltration, the level of the soil body is often more important than vertical perviousness to perviousness.Therefore, the mensuration of soil body horizontal permeation coefficient becomes a urgent problem.
In order to address the above problem, the scientific and technical personnel of this area have carried out exploring widely, in the hope of obtaining soil body horizontal permeation coefficient." dam observation and geotechnique's test " reported a kind of instrument (Feng Guoming that measures the two-way penetration coefficient, pay Qinghua. measure the apparatus and the method for the two-way penetration coefficient of soil. dam observation and geotechnique's test, 1997,21 (3): 32-34.), this instrument is transformed on the triaxial apparatus basis and is finished, sample is a square, and water (flow) direction is vertical, and the measurement of horizontal permeation coefficient is by the sample reverses its direction is realized.This method is held the sample that film tube or rubber die just can't moulding to some disengaging, and for example the mensuration of the horizontal permeation coefficient of sandy soil sample is very difficult.The water (flow) direction of the horizontal permeation instrument that various ground all are suitable for should be a level, like this could with the soil body become to amass and the soil body aspect unanimity of specimen preparation, just can record the real infiltration coefficient of soil body horizontal direction.Therefore this instrument can not record the infiltration coefficient of the soil body horizontal direction under the time of day." Geosynthetics Horizontal Percolation Apparatus " disclose a kind of measuring instrument that is used to measure the horizontal permeation coefficient of geosynthetics (Chen Zhiming, Wang Shiming. Geosynthetics Horizontal Percolation Apparatus. CN 200947078Y.2007.9.12.) but this horizontal permeation instrument and be not suitable for the mensuration of the soil body horizontal permeation coefficient China:.
Known to the inventor, before the present invention finishes, yet there are no relevant can all being suitable for to various earth materials, can record the report of the soil body horizontal direction infiltration coefficient measuring instrument under the time of day, particularly can measure the impervious gradient of soil body sample level and adapt to the report of the soil body horizontal direction infiltration coefficient measuring instrument of present high earth and rockfill dam high water head requirement, this area urgent problem is also really solved.
Summary of the invention
At the present situation of soil body level to the infiltration coefficient measuring technique, purpose of the present invention is intended to propose a kind of measuring instrument that can be suitable for the different soil bodys, can record the soil body horizontal direction infiltration coefficient under the time of day, and available its measure the soil body impervious gradient of sample level and adapt to the requirement of present high earth and rockfill dam high water head, satisfies the needs of actual engineering design and soil body penetration characteristic research.
At the foregoing invention purpose, the soil body level that the present invention proposes is to the infiltration coefficient measuring instrument, and its structure mainly comprises pressure-stabilizing water supply system and osmosis system.The formation of described osmosis system mainly comprises the soil body sample chamber vertically set up again, vertically is built up in the infiltration water distribution feed pipe of sample chamber central authorities and be arranged on the water collector that sample chamber collects infiltration water outward, described sample chamber is by the cylinder that is evenly equipped with the infiltration water outflow opening on the wall, constitute with airtight upper cover that connects of cylindrical shell and following capping, the tube wall of feed pipe is evenly equipped with permeability hole, upper end closed, the lower end mouth of pipe pass capping and pressure-stabilizing water supply system connectivity under the sample chamber.
On the technique scheme basis, also can below sample chamber, design water supply chamber, the infiltration water distribution feed pipe lower nozzle that vertically is built up in sample chamber central authorities passes that capping is communicated with water supply chamber under the sample chamber, the water inlet of water supply chamber and pressure-stabilizing water supply system connectivity.Described water supply chamber preferably is set directly at the sample chamber below, with the upper top cover of capping under the sample chamber as water supply chamber.Water supply chamber preferably adopts flange seal to connect with sealed attachment between the sample chamber, and promptly the water supply chamber cylindrical shell is by flange and sample chamber cylindrical shell sealed attachment.
In technique scheme, the water collector that collects infiltration water is the annular header tank around sample chamber, and design has the water outlet interface on the tank wall of annular header tank.Annular header tank preferred design becomes by the sample chamber cylindrical tube, constitutes at the bottom of outer cylindrical tube of sample chamber and plane case, and the case dolly directly is welded on the barrel of sample chamber cylindrical shell infiltration water outflow opening below.The annular header tank also can be designed to by the sample chamber cylindrical tube, around sample chamber outer divergent-cone wall and the flat flat cone barrel annular header tank that constitutes, or is designed to by the sample chamber cylindrical tube and directly is connected to the conical ring header tank that the divergent-cone wall below the sample chamber cylindrical shell infiltration water outflow opening constitutes.Water outlet interface preferred design so that stable outlet hydraulic pressure to be provided to sample, and is convenient to collect and measure discharge by sample on the cylindrical shell coboundary of looping header tank.
In technique scheme, the pressure-stabilizing water supply system mainly comprises feed pump, water inlet pipe and water-pressure survey instrument on the water inlet pipe is set, one end of water inlet pipe connects with the water delivering orifice of feed pump, and the other end connects with the osmosis system water inlet, and the driving motor of feed pump is controlled by frequency modulator.
In order to make the pressure-stabilizing water supply systematic Water supply pressure more stable, also can on water inlet pipe, design the water-supply voltage-stabilizing device, described water-supply voltage-stabilizing device is a closed container, is communicated with water inlet pipe by taking over.
For the pressure of supply water of regulating water system with more accurately record the hydraulic pressure that enters osmosis system, on water inlet pipe, can be provided as the hydraulic pressure reconciliation statement and the hydraulic pressure sensor of water-pressure survey instrument simultaneously, the design of hydraulic pressure reconciliation statement is between feed pump and water-supply voltage-stabilizing device, and hydraulic pressure sensor designs between water-supply voltage-stabilizing device and osmosis system.The hydraulic pressure sensor preferred design is in the position near water supply chamber.
The soil body material level that the present invention proposes is to the infiltration coefficient measuring instrument, and its water system is the constant pressure water supply system, but stable continually varying head is provided can for soil body sample.The hydraulic pressure that is arranged in the infiltration water distribution feed pipe of sample chamber central authorities equates that with the water pressure that the constant pressure water supply system provides the water pressure in the header tank outside the sample chamber is the hydrostatic force that flushes with water outlet interface elevation.Infiltration water flows around the mind-set from sample under sample chamber center and outside differential pressure action, realizes the horizontal permeation test.The most outstanding characteristics of the present invention are that water (flow) direction is fully parallel with the aspect of sample in the sample making course, can simulate the horizontal seepage flow of sample soil layer, realize the research of the mensuration and the soil body horizontal direction opposing seepage failure performance of horizontal permeation coefficient.
The soil body level that the present invention proposes is compared to the infiltration coefficient measuring instrument with the level of prior art to the infiltration coefficient measuring instrument, summarizes and gets up to have following very outstanding advantage and technique effect:
1, the soil body level of the present invention's proposition is to the infiltration coefficient measuring instrument, it is simple in structure, easy to operate, the current boundary condition is clear and definite, be convenient to calculate the various hydraulic elements in the soil body sample, simultaneously, because current are therefrom radially to flow around the mind-set, can avoid problem in the horizontal permeation test of general square soil body sample, the problem includes: the problem of concentrating stream between sample and the instrument limit wall can reflect the perviousness of soil body sample and the characteristic of opposing seepage failure truly.
2, utilize soil body level that the present invention proposes to the infiltration coefficient measuring instrument, can measure the horizontal permeation coefficient of any soil body sample easily.Because the sample chamber wall of measuring instrument is a ring-type porous barrel, can allow fine particle to flow out, so the present invention also can be used for measuring the critical gradient of soil body sample generation failure by piping, i.e. the present invention also can be used as the seepage failure instrument and uses.
3, soil body level is to the water system of infiltration coefficient measuring instrument, because the feed pump driving motor is controlled by frequency modulator, be that feed pump is the frequency conversion feed pump, design has gasbag-type hydraulic pressure voltage stabilizer on inlet pipeline, and hydraulic pressure reconciliation statement and hydraulic pressure sensor, again in conjunction with the water supply chamber that is provided with below the osmosis system sample chamber, therefore make infiltration water stably to put on soil body sample with various hydraulic pressures, and can accurately measure the hydraulic pressure of infiltration water, therefore the present invention can be used in the opposing seepage failure The Characteristic Study of soil sample under big hydraulic slope effect, satisfies the actual engineering design needs.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of one embodiment of the invention.
Accompanying drawing 2 be in the accompanying drawing 1 A-A to the sectional structure synoptic diagram.
In above-mentioned accompanying drawing, the object of each shown by reference numeral sign is: the 1-water inlet; The 2-feed pump; The 3-frequency modulator; 4-hydraulic pressure reconciliation statement; The 5-voltage stabilizer; The 6-water inlet pipe; The 7-water intaking valve; The 8-hydraulic pressure sensor; The 9-water supply chamber; 10 sample chambers; The 11-water collector; Capping under the 12-sample chamber; 13-infiltration water distribution feed pipe; 14-sample chamber cylindrical shell; 15-water collector cylindrical shell; 16-sample chamber upper cover; The 17-annular rubber ring; The 18-set bolt; 19-water collector water outlet interface; The 20-water drain valve; The 21-adapter that discharges water; The 22-support.
Embodiment
Provide one embodiment of the present of invention below in conjunction with description of drawings, and the present invention is done further specific descriptions by embodiment.It is important to point out; following embodiment only is used for that the present invention is described further; can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention; affiliated art skilled staff is according to the foregoing invention content; the present invention is made some nonessential improvement and adjustment, and the technical scheme that obtains like this should still belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment
The soil body level of present embodiment is to the infiltration coefficient measuring instrument, and its structure mainly is made of frequency conversion pressure-stabilizing water supply system and osmosis system as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Frequency conversion pressure-stabilizing water supply system comprises: water inlet 1, feed pump 2, frequency modulator 3, hydraulic pressure reconciliation statement 4, water-supply voltage-stabilizing device 5, water inlet pipe 6, water intaking valve 7 and hydraulic pressure sensor 8.Described water-supply voltage-stabilizing device 5 is a closed container, is communicated with water inlet pipe 6 by taking over.Termination provides the water tank or the running water pipe at water source before the water inlet 1 of frequency conversion pressure-stabilizing water supply system, and water inlet 1 rear end is connected with feed pump 2 imports.The driving motor of frequency modulator 3 control feed pumps 2 is to regulate the frequency of feed pump.Hydraulic pressure reconciliation statement 4 between feed pump and water-supply voltage-stabilizing device is connected on the water inlet pipe 6, is used to monitor and regulate required hydraulic pressure value.Water intaking valve 7 and hydraulic pressure sensor 8 between water-supply voltage-stabilizing device 5 and osmosis system water supply chamber 9 are connected on the water inlet pipe 6, are respectively applied for the import current of control permeameter and the hydraulic pressure that measurement enters osmosis system.
The infiltration owner to comprise the sample chamber 10 vertically set up, vertically be built up in sample chamber central authorities infiltration water distribution feed pipe 13, be arranged on the outer water collector that collects infiltration water 11 of sample chamber, be arranged on the water supply chamber 9 of sample chamber below and support the support 22 of whole osmosis system by water supply chamber.Sample chamber is made of the cylinder 14 that is evenly equipped with the infiltration water outflow opening on the wall, upper cover 16 and following capping 12, and cylinder passes through its flange and annular rubber ring 17 and set bolt 18 and connects with upper and lower capping is airtight.Water supply chamber 9 is by the diameter back cover cylinder consistent with the sample chamber cylindrical shell and constitute as the top cover of capping under the sample chamber 12 simultaneously, connects with sample chamber is airtight by its flange and annular rubber ring 17 and set bolt 18.The water supply chamber bottom is provided with the adapter 21 that discharges water that is equipped with water drain valve 20, is used for the water of emptying water supply chamber 9.The water inlet of water supply chamber is communicated with water inlet pipe 6 water delivering orifices of frequency conversion pressure-stabilizing water supply system.Distribution feed pipe 13 is evenly equipped with the caecum pipe of permeability hole, upper end closed for tube wall, and the lower end mouth of pipe passes that capping is communicated with the water supply chamber 9 that is positioned at the sample chamber below under the sample chamber.The water collector 11 that collects infiltration water is the annular header tank around sample chamber, by sample chamber cylindrical tube 14, at the bottom of outer cylindrical tube 15 of sample chamber and plane case, constitute, the case dolly directly is welded on the barrel of sample chamber cylindrical tube 14 infiltration water outflow openings below, the height of cylindrical tube 15 and sample chamber cylindrical tube basically identical, design has water outlet interface 19 on cylindrical tube 15 walls.
Adopt measuring instrument of the present invention to measure soil body level to infiltration coefficient, its measuring process is as follows:
At first by certain requirement preparation test soil body sample, then with sample placement in layers (filling or the deposition of soil layer of the simulated field soil body) in sample chamber 10.Dress during sample between infiltration water distribution feed pipe 13 and the sample, between sample and sample chamber cylindrical shell 14 walls permeable geotextile is set.Permeable geotextile is set between infiltration water distribution feed pipe and sample, and its effect makes hydraulic pressure act on sample equably on the one hand, on the other hand, prevents that the fine particle of sample from entering distribution feed pipe obstruction apopore; Laying permeable geotextile between sample and sample chamber cylindrical shell wall, is near sample particle preventing the cylindrical shell wall runs off, and plays reverse filter effect.
After sample installs, the water inlet 1 of frequency conversion pressure-stabilizing water supply system is connected with water tank or running water pipe, for feed pump 2 provides the water source.On hydraulic pressure reconciliation statement 4, set the required hydraulic pressure value of test, frequency modulator is regulated the rotating speed of feed pump driving motor according to required force value, make flow that flows through feed pump and the flow equilibrium that flows through sample in the sample chamber 10, this moment hydraulic pressure reconciliation statement 4 pressure stability, by the pressure stabilization function of voltage stabilizer,, sample measures required stable infiltration water import hydraulic pressure again for providing.
Open the water intaking valve 7 on the frequency conversion pressure-stabilizing water supply system water inlet pipe, water injects water supply chamber 9, enters the infiltration water water supply distributor pipe 13 that is positioned at central authorities simultaneously.Because water supply chamber 9 whole sealings, so the hydraulic pressure in the water inlet pipe 6 is directly delivered to infiltration water distribution feed pipe.Be that hydraulic pressure in the water inlet pipe 6 equates with hydraulic pressure in water supply chamber 9 and the infiltration water distribution feed pipe 13, record by the hydraulic pressure sensor 8 that is connected on the water inlet pipe 6.Current are at infiltration water distribution feed pipe and be arranged under the differential pressure action between the header tank 11 outside the sample chamber occurred level Radial Flow in sample, enter sample by infiltration water distribution feed pipe 13, infiltration water outflow opening uniform from cylindrical shell 14 walls of sample chamber 10 flows out, and is pooled in the header tank 11.The sample infiltration overflows the saliva pressure and is the hydrostatic force in the header tank.By the seepage discharge of sample, can calculate by the water yield and water yield acquisition time that the water outlet interface 19 that is arranged on header tank cylindrical shell 15 walls records.When sample import and export head is known, flow is known, can obtain the horizontal permeation coefficient of sample.
The present invention also can be used for measuring the level of other porous media material body to infiltration coefficient.
Claims (10)
1. a soil body level is to the infiltration coefficient measuring instrument, mainly comprise pressure-stabilizing water supply system and osmosis system, the formation that it is characterized in that osmosis system mainly comprises the soil body sample chamber of vertically setting up (10), vertically be built up in the infiltration water distribution feed pipe (13) of sample chamber central authorities and be arranged on the water collector (11) that sample chamber collects infiltration water outward, described sample chamber is by the cylinder that is evenly equipped with the infiltration water outflow opening on the wall (14), constitute with airtight upper cover that connects of cylindrical shell (16) and following capping (12), the tube wall of distribution feed pipe is evenly equipped with permeability hole, upper end closed, the lower end mouth of pipe pass capping and pressure-stabilizing water supply system connectivity under the sample chamber.
2. soil body level according to claim 1 is to the infiltration coefficient measuring instrument, it is characterized in that water supply chamber (9) being arranged in the design of the below of sample chamber (10), distribution feed pipe lower nozzle passes that capping is communicated with water supply chamber under the sample chamber, the water inlet of water supply chamber and pressure-stabilizing water supply system connectivity.
3. soil body level according to claim 2 is characterized in that water supply chamber is set directly at the sample chamber below, with the upper top cover of capping under the sample chamber as water supply chamber to the infiltration coefficient measuring instrument.
4. soil body level according to claim 3 is characterized in that to the infiltration coefficient measuring instrument water supply chamber connects by flange seal with sample chamber.
5. soil body level according to claim 1 is characterized in that to the infiltration coefficient measuring instrument water collector that collects infiltration water is the annular header tank around sample chamber, and design has water outlet interface (19) on the barrel of annular header tank.
6. soil body level according to claim 5 is to the infiltration coefficient measuring instrument, it is characterized in that annular header tank by sample chamber cylindrical tube (14), around sample chamber outer cylindrical tube (15) and plane bottom land formation, the bottom land vertical welding is connected on the barrel of sample chamber cylindrical shell infiltration water outflow opening below.
7. soil body level according to claim 6 is characterized in that the coboundary of water outlet Interface design at annular header tank cylindrical shell to the infiltration coefficient measuring instrument.
According to the described soil body level of one of claim 1 to 7 to the infiltration coefficient measuring instrument, it is characterized in that the pressure-stabilizing water supply system mainly comprises feed pump (2), water inlet pipe (6) and water-pressure survey instrument on the water inlet pipe is set, one end of water inlet pipe connects with the water delivering orifice of feed pump, the other end connects with the osmosis system water inlet, and the driving motor of feed pump (2) is controlled by frequency modulator (3).
9. soil body level according to claim 8 is characterized in that to the infiltration coefficient measuring instrument the last design of water inlet pipe (6) has water-supply voltage-stabilizing device (5), and the water-supply voltage-stabilizing device is a closed container, is communicated with water inlet pipe by taking over.
10. soil body level according to claim 9 is to the infiltration coefficient measuring instrument, the water-pressure survey instrument that it is characterized in that being arranged on the water inlet pipe (6) is hydraulic pressure reconciliation statement (4) and hydraulic pressure sensor (8), the design of hydraulic pressure reconciliation statement is between feed pump (2) and water-supply voltage-stabilizing device (5), and hydraulic pressure sensor designs between water-supply voltage-stabilizing device (5) and osmosis system (9).
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| CN2010105239415A CN102033034B (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2010-10-29 | Soil body horizontal osmotic coefficient measuring apparatus |
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| CN2010105239415A CN102033034B (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2010-10-29 | Soil body horizontal osmotic coefficient measuring apparatus |
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| CN102033034B CN102033034B (en) | 2012-05-02 |
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