CN105372140A - Device and method for evaluating anti-erosion capacity of soil - Google Patents
Device and method for evaluating anti-erosion capacity of soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and method for evaluating the anti-erosion capacity of soil. According to the device, a support is arranged on a base, a loading mechanism is arranged on the top of the support, an annular fixing plate is arranged in the middle of the support, a pressure bearing unit is arranged on the fixing plate, the pressure bearing unit is right opposite to the loading mechanism, an acquisition unit for acquiring residual particles disintegrated after erosion is arranged below the pressure bearing unit, and the bottom of the pressure bearing unit is connected with an erosion mechanism through a water pipe. A tested part is uniform in load carrying, a covering layer on the upper portion of soil in the practical situation is simulated through weight loads, the defect that existing soil anti-erosion research does not involve the influence of force action is overcome, in addition, the device is simple in structure and convenient to dismount and mount, the loading mode is easy and convenient, the experimental result is stable, the anti-erosion performance of a material can be preliminarily evaluated, and the problems of water and soil loss, land subsidence, surface collapse and the like of pavement engineering and fields can be effectively solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Soil Anti performance of flushing technical field of measurement and test, especially relate to a kind of device and method evaluating Soil Anti scouring capability.
Background technology
For many years, soil erosion is one of topmost ecological environment problem in Loess Plateau, has been subject to the extensive concern of Chinese scholars in recent years.Soil anti-scouribility index and soil disintegration rate are the important indicators best embodying Regional Erosion process and soil erosion regular, soil anti-scouribility is the performance that soil opposing runoff moves down its physical disturbance and promotion, it is main that the current research about soil anti-scouribility adopts undisturbed soil to wash away mostly, conventional Jiang Ding is raw, and actual undisturbed soil washes away determination method, namely scouring experiment is carried out with undisturbed soil being placed in scour trough after the sampling of bar shaped cutting ring, experimental technique is coarse, result out of true, therefore a kind of structure is badly in need of at present simple, reasonable in design, use easy and simple to handle and the method for testing of the evaluation Soil Anti performance of flushing of good test effect and device.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to overcome above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, provide a kind of structure simple, reasonable in design, use proving installation that is easy and simple to handle and the evaluation Soil Anti performance of flushing of good test effect.
Two of object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of said apparatus realizes test specimen top stand under load, bottom is washed away and load and wash away the method for synchronous evaluation Soil Anti scouring capability.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
This device is provided with support on base, be provided with at the top of support and the load maintainer to test specimen load application, middle part are provided with ring-type fixing plate, fixed head is provided with the pressure-bearing unit for placing test specimen and undertaking pressure, pressure-bearing unit and load maintainer are just right, be provided with the collecting unit collected the residual particles of disintegration after washing away in the below of pressure-bearing unit, the bottom of pressure-bearing unit is connected with scouring mechanism by water pipe;
Above-mentioned load maintainer comprises and is arranged on cradle top and the guide rod be connected with pressure-bearing unit top and be sleeved on counterweight on guide rod, and the central shaft of guide rod and test specimen is on same straight line;
Above-mentioned pressure-bearing unit comprises the mould for placing test specimen and is arranged on the permeable stone of test specimen top and bottom in mould, between permeable stone and test specimen, be also provided with filter paper; The center being arranged on filter paper bottom test specimen and permeable stone is all processed with water hole, and the fore-and-aft distance of the permeable stone bottom the water side distance test specimen of water pipe is 4 ~ 6cm, and just right with the bottom centre of test specimen;
Above-mentioned collecting unit is comprised the fixed bar be anchored on support, is fixed on the aggregate bin on support and is arranged on immediately below aggregate bin for collecting the cup that gathers materials of disintegration particle by fixed bar; The bottom of aggregate bin and mould is just right.
The structure of above-mentioned scouring mechanism is: be processed with air intake opening at the top of the airtight water tank holding water, and air intake opening is provided with the tracheae be communicated with air pump, is processed with apopore in the bottom of water tank, and the water inlet end of water pipe is communicated with this water tank apopore.
The water side of above-mentioned water pipe is fixed by support bar.
Above-mentioned guide rod is also provided with the dial gauge for measuring the vertical distortion of test specimen.
The condition met between the internal diameter of above-mentioned water hole and the diameter of test specimen is: water hole internal diameter and test specimen diameter ratio are between 1/3 ~ 2/3.
The thickness of above-mentioned permeable stone is 5 ~ 8mm, and the fore-and-aft distance of the permeable stone bottom the water side distance test specimen of water pipe is 5cm.
Said apparatus evaluates a method for Soil Anti scouring capability, and it is made up of following steps:
(1) will be positioned in the mould being equipped with permeable stone and filter paper by the prefabricated test specimen completed of soil to be tested, successively lay filter paper and permeable stone at the top of test specimen;
(2) parameter of scouring mechanism is set, ensure that the water flow velocity of water pipe is constant, bottom the water delivering orifice distance test specimen of water pipe, the fore-and-aft distance of permeable stone is 5cm, size according to test specimen to be measured selects corresponding counterweight, be sleeved on guide rod, evenly transmit load by permeable stone and filter paper to test specimen, open scouring mechanism, flushing time is t, test specimen soil particle disintegration under top stand under load, bottom waterpower percussive action;
(3) soil particle washing away disintegration is fallen in aggregate bin, through gathering materials, cup is collected, under 105 ~ 110 DEG C of temperature conditions after drying, weigh the quality of the soil particle that drops can obtain corresponding load and the erosion quantity m corresponding to water velocity Soil Under Conditions, what calculate correspondence washes away speed v, can evaluate the erosion resistibility of this soil.
The method of evaluation Soil Anti scouring capability provided by the present invention, it is, by guide rod, load is passed to permeable stone, by permeable stone, pressure is passed to test specimen again, compression weight does not directly load test specimen, realize test specimen top stand under load, bottom is washed away and loaded and wash away synchronously carries out, and test specimen uniform force of the present invention, the overlayer on soil body top in actual conditions with counterweight Load Simulation, compensate for the deficiency that the research of current Soil Anti erosion does not relate to the impact of power effect, in addition apparatus structure of the present invention is simple, reasonable in design, easy accessibility, load mode is easy, loaded weight can by counterweight independent assortment, digital independent also facilitates, the vertical deviation of test specimen directly can be read by dial gauge, experimental result is stablized, the scour resistance of energy preliminary assessment material, effectively can solve the soil erosion in pavement engineering and place, field, land subsidence, the problems such as surface collapse, the present invention is widely applicable, be applicable to most of soil body and other rock mass materials, effectively can solve the testing standard disunity that loess disintegrative method of testing exists, the inconvenience of disintegration measurement amount, the practical problemss such as test result is unreliable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of pressure-bearing unit 4 in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of collecting unit 9 in Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Now in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments technical scheme of the present invention is further described, but the present invention is not limited only to following enforcement situation.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, the device of the evaluation Soil Anti scouring capability of the present embodiment is combined formed by base 1, support 2, fixed head 3, pressure-bearing unit 4, load maintainer 5, collecting unit 9, water pipe 7, scouring mechanism 6.
The base 1 of the present embodiment is the mounting platform for fixing whole experimental provision, be fixed with support 2 thereon, in the middle part of the crossbeam on support 2 top, load maintainer 5 is installed, load maintainer 5 comprises guide rod 5-1, counterweight 5-2 and dial gauge 5-3, wherein guide rod 5-1 extends to the below of crossbeam through the center pit of support 2 crossbeam, counterweight 5-2 is threadedly fixed on guide rod 5-1, can experimentally adjust by load, in the below of counterweight 5-2, dial gauge 5-3 is installed, directly can be measured the vertical distortion of test specimen by dial gauge 5-3.The fixed head 3 of an annular platy structure is installed with at the middle part threaded fastener of support 2, the internal diameter of fixed head 3 is 40mm, be mainly used in placing pressure-bearing unit 4, for pressure-bearing unit 4 provides the platform of installation, the pressure-bearing unit 4 of the present embodiment comprises mould 4-3, upper dankness stone 4-1, upper strata filter paper 4-2, lower floor filter paper 4-4 and lower permeable stone 4-5, can see Fig. 2, mould 4-3 is open at both ends, for placing the tubular structure of test specimen, upper strata filter paper 4-2 is placed with at the top of mould 4-3 and the top of test specimen, upper dankness stone 4-1 is placed with on the filter paper 4-2 of upper strata, the diameter of upper dankness stone 4-1 is identical with the external diameter of test specimen, thickness is 5mm, the bottom of guide rod 5-1 extends to the middle part of upper dankness stone 4-1, the counterweight 5-2 load of guide rod 5-1 transmission evenly can be carried by upper dankness stone 4-1, the overlayer of real simulation soil surface.Lower floor filter paper 4-4 is placed with in the bottom of mould 4-3 and the bottom of test specimen, lower permeable stone 4-5 is placed with in the bottom of lower floor filter paper 4-4, make lower floor filter paper 4-4, lower permeable stone 4-5 respectively with upper strata filter paper 4-2, upper dankness stone 4-1 is symmetrical up and down, all water hole is processed with at the center of lower floor filter paper 4-4 and lower permeable stone 4-5, ensure Wash flow and by the circulation of soil particle of washing away rear disintegration, the aperture of this water hole is 30mm, be 1.5:3 with test specimen diameter ratio, even in order to ensure load transmission, the guide rod 5-1 of the present embodiment, counterweight 5-2, upper dankness stone 4-1, upper strata filter paper 4-2, mould 4-3 and lower permeable stone 4-5, the central shaft of lower floor filter paper 4-4 is on same straight line.Support bar 8 is installed below fixed head 3, the support bar 8 of the present embodiment is L-type structure, its longer arm horizontal positioned, end threaded fastener is fixed on support 2, another arm extends in the center pit of fixed head 3, the water side band of water pipe 7 is fixed on support bar 8 arm, prevent it from rocking under hydraulic pressure effect, reliable in order to ensure to wash away structure, the water side of the rising pipe 7 of the present embodiment should be just right with the bottom centre of test specimen, and it is 5cm apart from the fore-and-aft distance of lower permeable stone 4-5, stablize to control water velocity, in the water side of water pipe 7, flowmeter is installed, detect the flow of flush water.The water inlet end of water pipe 7 is communicated with scouring mechanism 6.The scouring mechanism 6 of the present embodiment is processed with air intake opening at the airtight water tank top holding flush water, air intake opening is provided with the tracheae be communicated with air pump, pressurizeed in water tank by air pump, thus can effectively control hydraulic pressure and water velocity, apopore is processed with in the bottom of water tank, the water inlet end of water pipe 7 is arranged on the apopore of this water tank, and can be controlled the water velocity in water pipe 7 by the air pressure controlled in water tank, when air pressure is large, corresponding water velocity is also fast.Below the endpiece of water pipe 7, collecting unit 9 is installed, see Fig. 3, the collecting unit 9 of the present embodiment is by fixed bar 9-2, aggregate bin 9-1 and glass 9-3 composition that gathers materials, the fixed bar 9-2 of the present embodiment is for fixed support aggregate bin 9-1, funnel shaped aggregate bin 9-1 can be fixed on fixed bar 9-2 by generic connectivity part, glass 9-3 that gathers materials is placed immediately below aggregate bin 9-1, collect the soil particle washing away disintegration, the aggregate bin 9-1 opening diameter of the present embodiment is greater than the water hole diameter of lower permeable stone 4-5, ensure that the soil particle rinsed can all be collected by aggregate bin 9-1 to gather materials in glass 9-3.
The method evaluating Soil Anti scouring capability with said apparatus is made up of following steps:
(1) by be 60mm by the prefabricated diameter completed of soil to be tested, height is that the cylindric test specimen of 100mm is positioned in the mould 4-3 being equipped with lower permeable stone 4-5 and lower floor filter paper 4-4, successively lays upper strata filter paper 4-2 and upper dankness stone 4-1 at the top of test specimen;
(2) parameter of scouring mechanism 6 is set, ensure that the water flow velocity of water pipe 7 is constant, bottom the water delivering orifice distance test specimen of water pipe 7, the fore-and-aft distance of permeable stone is 5cm, size according to test specimen to be measured selects corresponding counterweight 5-2, be sleeved on guide rod 5-1, evenly load is transmitted to test specimen by upper dankness stone 4-1, upper strata filter paper 4-2 and lower floor filter paper 4-4 and lower permeable stone 4-5, open scouring mechanism 6, t minute is washed away, test specimen soil particle generation disintegration under top stand under load, bottom waterpower percussive action under the constant water Flow Velocity, pressure of setting;
(3) soil particle washing away disintegration is fallen in aggregate bin 9-1, through gathering materials, glass 9-3 collects, drying 24 hours under 108 DEG C of temperature conditions, soil particle quality collected by weighing can obtain corresponding load and the erosion quantity m corresponding to water velocity Soil Under Conditions, according to v=m/t, what calculate correspondence washes away speed v, simultaneously, directly can measure the vertical distortion of test specimen with dial gauge 5-3, the erosion resistibility of this soil can be evaluated.
Embodiment 2
In the device of the evaluation Soil Anti scouring capability of the present embodiment, pressure-bearing unit 4 comprises mould 4-3, upper dankness stone 4-1, upper strata filter paper 4-2, lower floor filter paper 4-4 and lower permeable stone 4-5, mould 4-3 is open at both ends, for placing the tubular structure of test specimen, upper strata filter paper 4-2 is placed with at the top of mould 4-3 and the top of test specimen, upper dankness stone 4-1 is placed with on the filter paper 4-2 of upper strata, the diameter of upper dankness stone 4-1 is identical with the external diameter of test specimen, thickness is 7mm, the bottom of guide rod 5-1 extends to the middle part of upper dankness stone 4-1, the counterweight 5-2 load of guide rod 5-1 transmission evenly can be carried by upper dankness stone 4-1, the overlayer of real simulation soil surface.Lower floor filter paper 4-4 is placed with in the bottom of mould 4-3 and the bottom of test specimen, lower permeable stone 4-5 is placed with in the bottom of lower floor filter paper 4-4, make lower floor filter paper 4-4, lower permeable stone 4-5 symmetrical up and down with upper strata filter paper 4-2, upper dankness stone 4-1 respectively, all water hole is processed with at the center of lower floor filter paper 4-4 and lower permeable stone 4-5, the aperture of this water hole is 20mm, is 1:3 with test specimen diameter ratio.
The water side of the rising pipe 7 of the present embodiment should be just right with the bottom centre of test specimen, and it is 4cm apart from the fore-and-aft distance of lower permeable stone 4-5.
Other parts and connect identical with embodiment 1.
The method evaluating Soil Anti scouring capability with said apparatus is made up of following steps:
(1) by be 60mm by the prefabricated diameter completed of soil to be tested, height is that the cylindric test specimen of 100mm is positioned in the mould 4-3 being equipped with lower permeable stone 4-5 and lower floor filter paper 4-4, successively lays upper strata filter paper 4-2 and upper dankness stone 4-1 at the top of test specimen;
(2) parameter of scouring mechanism 6 is set, ensure that the water flow velocity of water pipe 7 is constant, bottom the water delivering orifice distance test specimen of water pipe 7, the fore-and-aft distance of permeable stone is 5cm, size according to test specimen to be measured selects corresponding counterweight 5-2, be sleeved on guide rod 5-1, evenly load is transmitted to test specimen by upper dankness stone 4-1, upper strata filter paper 4-2 and lower floor filter paper 4-4 and lower permeable stone 4-5, open scouring mechanism 6, t minute is washed away, test specimen soil particle generation disintegration under top stand under load, bottom waterpower percussive action under the constant water Flow Velocity, pressure of setting;
(3) soil particle washing away disintegration is fallen in aggregate bin 9-1, through gathering materials, glass 9-3 collects, drying 22 hours under 105 DEG C of temperature conditions, soil particle quality collected by weighing can obtain corresponding load and the erosion quantity m corresponding to water velocity Soil Under Conditions, according to v=m/t, what calculate correspondence washes away speed v, simultaneously, directly can measure the vertical distortion of test specimen with dial gauge 5-3, the erosion resistibility of this soil can be evaluated.
Embodiment 3
In the device of the evaluation Soil Anti scouring capability of the present embodiment, pressure-bearing unit 4 comprises mould 4-3, upper dankness stone 4-1, upper strata filter paper 4-2, lower floor filter paper 4-4 and lower permeable stone 4-5, mould 4-3 is open at both ends, for placing the tubular structure of test specimen, upper strata filter paper 4-2 is placed with at the top of mould 4-3 and the top of test specimen, upper dankness stone 4-1 is placed with on the filter paper 4-2 of upper strata, the diameter of upper dankness stone 4-1 is identical with the external diameter of test specimen, thickness is 7mm, the bottom of guide rod 5-1 extends to the middle part of upper dankness stone 4-1, the counterweight 5-2 load of guide rod 5-1 transmission evenly can be carried by upper dankness stone 4-1, the overlayer of real simulation soil surface.Lower floor filter paper 4-4 is placed with in the bottom of mould 4-3 and the bottom of test specimen, lower permeable stone 4-5 is placed with in the bottom of lower floor filter paper 4-4, make lower floor filter paper 4-4, lower permeable stone 4-5 symmetrical up and down with upper strata filter paper 4-2, upper dankness stone 4-1 respectively, all water hole is processed with at the center of lower floor filter paper 4-4 and lower permeable stone 4-5, the aperture of this water hole is 40mm, is 2:3 with test specimen diameter ratio.
The water side of the rising pipe 7 of the present embodiment should be just right with the bottom centre of test specimen, and it is 6cm apart from the fore-and-aft distance of lower permeable stone 4-5.
Other parts and connect identical with embodiment 1.
The method evaluating Soil Anti scouring capability with said apparatus is made up of following steps:
(1) by be 60mm by the prefabricated diameter completed of soil to be tested, height is that the cylindric test specimen of 100mm is positioned in the mould 4-3 being equipped with lower permeable stone 4-5 and lower floor filter paper 4-4, successively lays upper strata filter paper 4-2 and upper dankness stone 4-1 at the top of test specimen;
(2) parameter of scouring mechanism 6 is set, ensure that the water flow velocity of water pipe 7 is constant, bottom the water delivering orifice distance test specimen of water pipe 7, the fore-and-aft distance of permeable stone is 5cm, size according to test specimen to be measured selects corresponding counterweight 5-2, be sleeved on guide rod 5-1, evenly load is transmitted to test specimen by upper dankness stone 4-1, upper strata filter paper 4-2 and lower floor filter paper 4-4 and lower permeable stone 4-5, open scouring mechanism 6, t minute is washed away, test specimen soil particle generation disintegration under top stand under load, bottom waterpower percussive action under the constant water Flow Velocity, pressure of setting;
(3) soil particle washing away disintegration is fallen in aggregate bin 9-1, through gathering materials, glass 9-3 collects, drying 26 hours under 110 DEG C of temperature conditions, soil particle quality collected by weighing can obtain corresponding load and the erosion quantity m corresponding to water velocity Soil Under Conditions, according to v=m/t, what calculate correspondence washes away speed v, simultaneously, directly can measure the vertical distortion of test specimen with dial gauge 5-3, the erosion resistibility of this soil can be evaluated.
The connected mode do not described in detail in above-described embodiment all belongs to the welding in routine techniques or is threaded, and can select connected mode according to practical application.
Claims (7)
1. evaluate the device of Soil Anti scouring capability for one kind, it is provided with support (2) on base (1), be provided with at the top of support (2) for the load maintainer (5) to test specimen load application, middle part is provided with ring-type fixing plate (3), fixed head (3) is provided with the pressure-bearing unit (4) for placing test specimen and undertaking pressure, pressure-bearing unit (4) is just right with load maintainer (5), it is characterized in that: be provided with the collecting unit (9) that the residual particles of washing away rear disintegration is collected in the below of pressure-bearing unit (4), the bottom of pressure-bearing unit (4) is connected with scouring mechanism (6) by water pipe (7),
Above-mentioned load maintainer (5) comprises and is arranged on support (2) top and the guide rod (5-1) be connected with pressure-bearing unit (4) top and the counterweight (5-2) be sleeved on guide rod (5-1), and the central shaft of guide rod (5-1) and test specimen is on same straight line;
Above-mentioned pressure-bearing unit (4) comprises the mould (4-3) for placing test specimen and is arranged on the permeable stone of the interior test specimen top of mould (4-3) and bottom, between permeable stone and test specimen, be also provided with filter paper; The center being arranged on filter paper bottom test specimen and permeable stone is all processed with water hole, and the fore-and-aft distance of the permeable stone bottom the water side distance test specimen of water pipe (7) is 4 ~ 6cm, and just right with the bottom centre of test specimen;
Above-mentioned collecting unit (9) is comprised the fixed bar (9-2) be anchored on support (2), is fixed on the aggregate bin (9-1) on support (2) and is arranged on immediately below aggregate bin (9-1) for collecting the cup that gathers materials (9-3) of disintegration particle by fixed bar (9-2); Aggregate bin (9-1) is just right with the bottom of mould (4-3).
2. the device of evaluation Soil Anti scouring capability according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the structure of described scouring mechanism (6) is: be processed with air intake opening at the top of the airtight water tank holding water, air intake opening is provided with the tracheae be communicated with air pump, be processed with apopore in the bottom of water tank, the water inlet end of water pipe (7) is communicated with this water tank apopore.
3. the device of evaluation Soil Anti scouring capability according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the water side of described water pipe (7) is fixed by support bar (8).
4. the device of evaluation Soil Anti scouring capability according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described guide rod (5-1) is also provided with the dial gauge (5-3) for measuring the vertical distortion of test specimen.
5. the device of evaluation Soil Anti scouring capability according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the condition met between the internal diameter of described water hole and the diameter of test specimen is: water hole internal diameter and test specimen diameter ratio are between 1:3 ~ 2:3.
6. the device of evaluation Soil Anti scouring capability according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the thickness of described permeable stone is 5 ~ 8mm, and the fore-and-aft distance of the permeable stone bottom the water side distance test specimen of water pipe (7) is 5cm.
7. evaluate a method for Soil Anti scouring capability with said apparatus, it is made up of following steps:
(1) by be positioned over by the prefabricated test specimen completed of soil to be tested be equipped with permeable stone and filter paper mould (4-3) in, successively lay filter paper and permeable stone at the top of test specimen;
(2) parameter of scouring mechanism (6) is set, ensure that the water flow velocity of water pipe (7) is constant, bottom the water delivering orifice distance test specimen of water pipe (7), the fore-and-aft distance of permeable stone is 5cm, size according to test specimen to be measured selects corresponding counterweight (5-2), be sleeved on guide rod (5-1), evenly load is transmitted to test specimen by permeable stone and filter paper, open scouring mechanism (6), flushing time is t, test specimen soil particle disintegration under top stand under load, bottom waterpower percussive action;
(3) soil particle washing away disintegration is fallen in aggregate bin (9-1), collect through the cup that gathers materials (9-3), under 105 ~ 110 DEG C of temperature conditions after drying, weigh the quality of the soil particle that drops can obtain corresponding load and the erosion quantity m corresponding to water velocity Soil Under Conditions, what calculate correspondence washes away speed v, can evaluate the erosion resistibility of this soil.
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| CN107807061A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-03-16 | 西华大学 | Scouring test device and scouring test system |
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