CN105675843A - Indirect measurement method for tensile strength of cohesive riverbank soil body - Google Patents
Indirect measurement method for tensile strength of cohesive riverbank soil body Download PDFInfo
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- CN105675843A CN105675843A CN201610100950.0A CN201610100950A CN105675843A CN 105675843 A CN105675843 A CN 105675843A CN 201610100950 A CN201610100950 A CN 201610100950A CN 105675843 A CN105675843 A CN 105675843A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
Abstract
The invention discloses an indirect measurement method for tensile strength of a cohesive riverbank soil body. A calculation formula for the tensile strength of the soil body is deduced on the basis of a mechanical mechanism of collapse of the cohesive riverbank soil body around an axis. A collapse test of a prototypical riverbank soil body is carried out to measure a critical hanging width of the soil body in case of collapse around the axis to indirectly measure the tensile strength of the soil body. The method comprises the following steps of determining a range of a test soil body; extracting a proper amount of undisturbed soil body and measuring a physical parameter thereof; cutting vertical slots in the two sides of the test soil body to release stress of the adjacent soil bodies; hollowing the soil body on a lower part to hang the test soil body; if tensile fractures in the surface of the soil body fully extend to generate obvious shaking around an axis, determining that the soil body is about to collapse, and then measuring a critical hanging width of the soil body; calculating the tensile strength of the soil body, and analyzing a relationship among a water content, the dry density and the tensile strength of the soil body. According to the method of the invention, the shortcoming of large test result deviation caused by a requirement on remolding of a soil sample or large disturbance in a conventional soil body tensile test can be overcome.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hydro project technical field, based on the viscosity riverbank soil body, the mechanical mechanism around axle avalanche occurs specifically, it is proposed to the indirect determination method of a kind of viscosity riverbank soil body tensile strength.
Background technology
Both at home and abroad that viscosity soil body tensile strength research is less at present, and do not use as tensile materials owing to the viscosity soil body is general, historical facts or anecdotes border engineering ignores its tensile strength usually. But when running into the similar soil body and produce the actual engineering problem such as crack and two meta structure bank slope collapse, owing to their avalanche mechanical mechanism relates to the tensile strength of the soil body, just it is necessary this parameter is tested and studied.
The test achievement of soil body tensile strength depends on corresponding test method and theoretical basis. Traditional soil body test for tensile strength mainly comprises direct tensile test and indirect tension test two class. Direct tensile test is that soil body sample is directly applied axial tension, tests the tensile strength of soil sample without confining pressure or lateral pressure when remaining unchanged. Indirect tension test is then assume that the fail in tension of soil meets certain stress strain relationship, tests by indirect methods such as pressure breaks, then by the theoretical formula method tensile strength adapted with test method.
But the tensile strength of the viscosity soil body is by the impact of its physical index (such as water ratio and dry density), and closely related with the structure of the soil body. Traditional test method needs to reinvent the soil body sample of collection usually, soil body original state structure is often produced relatively large disturbances by this, and then affect the tensile strength of the soil body, cause the actual tensile strength of this type of laboratory test results and the original state soil body to there is relatively large deviation.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the indirect determination method of a kind of viscosity riverbank soil body tensile strength, the method can make up soil sample must be reinvented by tradition soil body tension test or disturbance relatively big and cause test result that the defect of relatively large deviation occurs.
The principle of the present invention is: based on the viscosity soil body, the mechanical mechanism around axle avalanche occurs after bottom is emptied, and derives the calculation formula of tensile strength;And measured the critical unsettled width of the riverbank soil body by on-the-spot prototype test, its tensile strength of indirect measurement then. Be specially: the viscosity riverbank soil body show as after the bottom soil body is emptied around axle avalanche process, the unsettled soil body in top loses support gradually, along with the increase of unsettled width, there is crack in soil body surface, crack is developed gradually subsequently, the last unsettled soil body occurs around axle avalanche under its deadweight effect, and the neutral axis around axle avalanche is positioned at the center of effort of the following soil body in crack. Theory of mechanics is balanced according to socle girder, the viscosity riverbank soil body occurs the mechanical condition around axle avalanche to be the opposing moment that the moment of face that the deadweight of the unsettled soil body causes is greater than on surface of fracture to be formed by soil body tension and compression stress, and stress is usually along surface of fracture distribution triangular in shape. By setting up corresponding mechanics balance expression, the critical unsettled width of soil body avalanche and the funtcional relationship of gravity and soil body tension/pressure degree can be drawn. Therefore size and the weight of the critical unsettled width of viscosity soil body generation avalanche and the corresponding avalanche soil body is measured by field experiment, can the tensile strength of the indirect measurement viscosity riverbank soil body.
The indirect determination method of viscosity riverbank of the present invention soil body tensile strength, comprises the steps:
(1) tested object and place is selected, record corresponding gps coordinate and test duration, the test soil body is the viscous soil horizon on top, riverbank, it is preferable that soil body composition is comparatively even and surperficial vegetation the distributes less soil body, to reduce vegetation root system to the impact of soil body tensile strength;
(2) choose the appropriate soil body, measure volume and the weight of the soil body, obtain the natural unit weight of the soil body; This test soil body is dried, measures the weight after drying;
(3) the on-the-spot method adopting the riverbank soil body to hollow out, carries out prototype avalanche test, comprises following sub-step;
(3.1) scope of the soil body is determined to test;
(3.2) smooth test soil body surface, removes weeds and the root system on soil body top layer;
(3.3) test soil body both sides cut out erect to soil groove, to discharge the stress of the adjacent soil body;
(3.4) choose the viscosity riverbank soil body of certain height, smooth slowly empty bottom the test soil body, make the top soil body unsettled gradually, record the unsettled width of the soil body after each emptying;
(3.5) increase unsettled width until crack occurs obviously stretching in test soil body top, show avalanche, continue by a small margin to empty test soil body bottom soil layer, record the width of the unsettled soil body;
(3.6) when stretching crack, top is fully developed, the test soil body produces obvious and violent rocking around axle, shows to be about to avalanche, measures critical unsettled width during soil body avalanche in time;
(3.7) the test soil body of different heights and different lengths is got, repeating step (3.1)-step (3.6);
(4) to the test soil body of Different periods and different positions, on-the-spot avalanche test is carried out, it is determined that its critical unsettled width;
(5) arrange, gather testing data, and calculate viscosity riverbank soil body physical parameter, include but not limited to water ratio, unit dry weight and dry density;
(6) there is the mechanical mechanism around axle avalanche based on the viscosity riverbank soil body, according to the mechanical balance condition in critical situation, inquire into the calculation formula of soil body tensile strength, and utilize critical unsettled width, and the tensile strength of test soil body form and the physical parameter indirect calculation soil body;
(7) according to above testing data, drawing the relation curve figure of soil moisture content and dry density and its tensile strength, analytical soil sample tensile strength is with the Changing Pattern of water ratio and dry density.
The useful effect of the indirect determination method of viscosity riverbank of the present invention soil body tensile strength is:
(1) carried out the prototype avalanche test of the viscosity riverbank soil body by scene, the tensile strength of the indirect measurement riverbank soil body, avoids and must reinvent soil body sample in traditional experiment and the soil body produces relatively large disturbances, and then affect test result;
(2) based on the soil body, the mechanical mechanism around axle avalanche occurring, inquire into the calculation formula of soil body tensile strength from its mechanical balance expression formula, test result can directly apply to the avalanche process on the meta structure riverbanks, section two such as prediction Jingjiang.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 a is the schematic diagram that the crack of an embodiment of the present invention starts to occur;
Fig. 2 b is the schematic diagram that the crack progressing of an embodiment of the present invention becomes wide.
Fig. 3 be when axle avalanche the unsettled soil body by power analysis chart.
Fig. 4 is that water ratio is to the influence curve of riverbank soil body tensile strength.
Fig. 5 is that dry density is to the influence curve of riverbank soil body tensile strength.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described. As Figure 1-Figure 5, the indirect determination method of a kind of viscosity riverbank soil body tensile strength, concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1: select tested object and place. Record corresponding gps coordinate and test duration. The test soil body should choose the viscous soil horizon on top, riverbank, soil body composition is comparatively even and surperficial vegetation the distributes less soil body, to reduce vegetation root system to the impact of soil body tensile strength.
Step 2: at each testing location, gets the appropriate soil body, its natural weight m of in situ measurementnAnd volume V (kg)n(m3), namely can be used for determining the natural unit weight r of the soil bodyn(kN/m3). Limit by test in place condition, this test soil body need to be taken back laboratory, measure the weight m after dryingd(kg)。
Step 3: the on-the-spot method adopting the riverbank soil body to hollow out, carries out prototype avalanche test, comprises step 3.1-3.7;
Step 3.1: determine test soil body scope, namely choose the test soil body that length is L (0.5-1.0m) along direction, river course, record this parameter value (such as Fig. 1).
Step 3.2: smooth test soil body surface. The part that slowly clearance test soil body surface is uneven so that it is flat smooth as far as possible, and remove weeds and the root system on soil body top layer.
Step 3.3: cut out in test soil body both sides and erect to soil groove, to discharge the stress of the adjacent soil body. It is not as the criterion by relatively large disturbances to test the soil body, slowly cuts out vertical slot to centre from test soil body both sides, until developing into the edge of the test soil body, the stress of the adjacent soil body in release test soil body both sides.
Step 3.4: select certain height H1M the viscosity riverbank soil body of (), records this parameter value (such as Fig. 1); Entirely emptying bottom the test soil body, make the top soil body unsettled gradually, the width every time emptied should reduce gradually, and need to record the unsettled width B (m) of the soil body after every time emptying.
Step 3.5: increase unsettled width until crack occurs obviously stretching in test soil body top, shows that avalanche will occur test soil block, now continues to empty the test soil body bottom soil body by a small margin, records the width of the unsettled soil body. As shown in Figure 1, the thickness H of the test soil body is kept1Constant, evenly, slowly excavate the test soil body bottom soil body along offshore direction, make the unsettled width of the increase soil body, record the unsettled width value B of each survey time. Until soil body top occur comparatively significantly stretching crack time, reduce and each hollow out width, and shorten the logging interval time, slowly the clearance test soil body bottom soil body.
Step 3.6: when stretching crack, top is fully developed, the test soil body produces obvious and violent rocking around axle, shows to be about to avalanche, measures critical unsettled width B during soil body avalanche in timeC(m).Being illustrated in figure 2 the development process that crack when axle avalanche occurs the Jingjiang section chaste tree 98 section riverbank soil body, Fig. 2 a is that crack starts appearance, and Fig. 2 b is that crack further develops.
Step 3.7: the test soil body getting different heights and different lengths, repeating step 3.1-step 3.6, obtains corresponding critical unsettled width BC。
Step 4: to the test soil body of Different periods and different positions, carries out on-the-spot avalanche test, the critical unsettled width of the record different location test soil body.
Step 5: arrange, gather testing data, and calculate the physical parameter of the viscosity riverbank soil body: soil body natural unit weight rn, water ratio ω (%) and dry density ρd(kg/m3)。
Soil moisture content ω and dry density ρdCalculation formula be respectively:
ω=(mn-md)/md(1)
ρd=md/Vn(2)
Step 6: based on the viscosity riverbank soil body, the mechanical mechanism around axle avalanche occurs, according to the mechanical balance condition (such as Fig. 3) in critical situation, inquire into the calculation formula of soil body tensile strength. And utilize critical unsettled width, the test soil body form and physical parameter of actual measurement, calculate the tensile strength of the soil body.
Such as Fig. 3, fully consider that the tensile stress on the existence in stretching crack, cohesive soil surface when axle avalanche, the center of effort being positioned at the following soil body in crack around the neutral axis of axle avalanche and surface of fracture and compression stress are Triangle-Profile, calculate the tensile strength values of the test soil body. Mechanics principle according to socle girder balance, the soil body occurs when axle avalanche, the moment of face M that the deadweight of the unsettled soil body of unit length causeswWith the opposing moment M produced by tension and compression stress on surface of fracturerBalance each other, then have:
In formula: W=γnH1BcFor the gravity (kN/m) of the unsettled soil body of unit length; H1For test soil body height (m). HtFor the degree of depth (m) in stretching crack, top, riverbank; A is the tensile strength sigma of viscous soil horizont(kN/m2) and ultimate compression strength σc(kN/m2) ratio (this value often equals 0.1), i.e. a=0.1.
At known soil body critical width BcAnd soil body height H1Time, the tensile strength of the soil body can be obtained by following formula:
σt=1.5 (1+a) γnBc 2/[H1(1-Ht/H1)2](4)
Step 7: soil moisture content and dry density can affect the physico mechanical characteristic of the soil body, changes the tensile strength of the soil body. According to these testing datas, can drawing the relation curve figure of soil moisture content and dry density and its tensile strength, analytical soil sample tensile strength is with the Changing Pattern of the two.
The inventive method has been applied to the tensile strength measuring Jingjiang reach of Yangtze River 2 typical section viscosity riverbank soil bodys, and studies the correlationship of itself and soil moisture content and dry density. Along with the increase of water ratio, the tensile strength of the viscosity riverbank soil body is reduction trend (such as Fig. 4) substantially; Along with the increase of dry density, soil body tensile strength increases (such as Fig. 5) gradually.
Claims (3)
1. the indirect determination method of a viscosity riverbank soil body tensile strength, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) selecting tested object and place, record corresponding gps coordinate and test duration, the test soil body is the viscous soil horizon on top, riverbank;
(2) choose the appropriate soil body, measure volume and the weight of the soil body, obtain the natural unit weight of the soil body; This test soil body is dried, measures the weight after drying;
(3) the on-the-spot method adopting the riverbank soil body to hollow out, carries out prototype avalanche test;
(4) to the test soil body of Different periods and different positions, on-the-spot avalanche test is carried out, it is determined that its critical unsettled width;
(5) arrange, gather testing data, and calculate viscosity riverbank soil body physical parameter, include but not limited to water ratio, unit dry weight and dry density;
(6) there is the mechanical mechanism around axle avalanche based on the viscosity riverbank soil body, according to the mechanical balance condition in critical situation, inquire into the calculation formula of soil body tensile strength, and utilize critical unsettled width, and the tensile strength of test soil body form and the physical parameter indirect calculation soil body;
(7) according to above testing data, drawing the relation curve figure of soil moisture content and dry density and its tensile strength, analytical soil sample tensile strength is with the Changing Pattern of water ratio and dry density.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that: select the soil body comparatively even and surperficial vegetation of composition to distribute the less soil body, to reduce vegetation root system to the impact of soil body tensile strength.
3. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that described step (3) comprises substep:
(3.1) scope of the soil body is determined to test;
(3.2) smooth test soil body surface, removes weeds and the root system on soil body top layer;
(3.3) test soil body both sides cut out erect to soil groove, to discharge the stress of the adjacent soil body;
(3.4) choose the viscosity riverbank soil body of certain height, smooth slowly empty bottom the test soil body, make the top soil body unsettled gradually, record the unsettled width of the soil body after each emptying;
(3.5) increase unsettled width until crack occurs obviously stretching in test soil body top, show avalanche, continue by a small margin to empty test soil body bottom soil layer, record the width of the unsettled soil body;
(3.6) when stretching crack, top is fully developed, the test soil body produces obvious and violent rocking around axle, shows to be about to avalanche, measures critical unsettled width during soil body avalanche in time;
(3.7) the test soil body of different heights and different lengths is got, repeating step (3.1)-step (3.6).
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| CN109753749A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-05-14 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of soil body avalanche method for numerical simulation based on mechanical balance principle |
| CN111549716A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-08-18 | 武汉大学 | Method for calculating and describing river bank collapse mode with binary structure |
| CN113029862A (en) * | 2021-03-06 | 2021-06-25 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for measuring normal bonding strength of sticky wet material by adopting falling body method |
| CN115481471A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-12-16 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Rib collapse prediction method and system based on woody root system drawing friction effect |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109753749A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-05-14 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of soil body avalanche method for numerical simulation based on mechanical balance principle |
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| CN111549716B (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2021-06-22 | 武汉大学 | Method for calculating and describing river bank collapse mode with binary structure |
| CN113029862A (en) * | 2021-03-06 | 2021-06-25 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for measuring normal bonding strength of sticky wet material by adopting falling body method |
| CN115481471A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-12-16 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Rib collapse prediction method and system based on woody root system drawing friction effect |
| CN115481471B (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2023-05-05 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | River bank collapse prediction method and system based on woody root system drawing friction effect |
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