CN114965211A - Device and method for measuring horizontal progressive infiltration destruction process of soil and stone materials - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring horizontal progressive infiltration destruction process of soil and stone materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN114965211A CN114965211A CN202210541484.5A CN202210541484A CN114965211A CN 114965211 A CN114965211 A CN 114965211A CN 202210541484 A CN202210541484 A CN 202210541484A CN 114965211 A CN114965211 A CN 114965211A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 240
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- NRTLIYOWLVMQBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide Chemical compound C=12C(C)OC(C)(C)C2=CC=CC=1NC(=O)C=1C(C)=NN(C)C=1Cl NRTLIYOWLVMQBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/23—Dune restoration or creation; Cliff stabilisation
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- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring device and a method for a horizontal gradual infiltration destruction process of earthen materials, wherein the measuring device comprises an outer cylinder, a porous inner cylinder is coaxially arranged in the outer cylinder, and an annular groove is arranged between the outer cylinder and the porous inner cylinder; a slidable pressure plate is arranged at the upper end of the porous inner cylinder, a porous rigid pipeline is coaxially arranged below the slidable pressure plate, soil and stone samples are arranged among the slidable pressure plate, the porous rigid pipeline and the porous inner cylinder, and a plurality of water pressure sensors are arranged on the slidable pressure plate; the outer side of the outer cylinder is provided with a plurality of vertical water disturbance tubes with lower ports pointing to the tangent line at the inner side of the annular groove and internally provided with a circulating pump. The invention continuously separates and measures the quality of the seeped soil and the seeped water, finds out the change of local hydraulic pressure drop caused by the migration of fine particles and the difference of the local hydraulic pressure drop and the integral hydraulic pressure drop, obtains the migration condition of the fine particles, provides a tool for measuring and researching the mechanism of the gradual development process of the penetration damage in the soil body, and simultaneously measures the change process of the horizontal critical hydraulic pressure drop, the damage hydraulic pressure drop and the horizontal penetration coefficient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of penetration deformation tests, in particular to a device and a method for measuring a horizontal progressive penetration destruction process of soil and stone materials.
Background
The earth and stone materials are the main materials for constructing heavy projects such as earth and stone dams, dykes and the like, and are also the main materials for the natural foundation of the dam; the large scale erosion, movement and loss of fine particles in earth and rockfill materials under the action of high hydraulic force ratio reduction is the occurrence of osmotic damage, which is the largest internal risk of earth and rockfill dams.
In the traditional penetration damage research, on one hand, the penetration damage is researched as the physical characteristic of a single point, and the soil body is considered to start to generate penetration deformation after the fine particles are started, so that the migration rate change, the silting or the stopping possibly occurring in the migration process after the fine particles are eroded cannot be reflected, and the characteristic that the soil body is taken as a continuous body to jointly bear the seepage ratio drop is not reflected; on the other hand, the influence of stress on the permeation damage is not considered, generally, the pore diameter of the soil body is reduced when the stress is increased, the particle size of the particles which can pass is reduced, the permeation resistance ratio drop is improved, and meanwhile, the permeation resistance ratio drop promotion change degree of the soil body composed of different particle size grading under the action of the stress is different; therefore, only when the research on the osmotic destruction process is carried out under the stress, the time-space development process of osmotic destruction can be accurately grasped.
In addition, the impervious core wall and the dam foundation earth and stone in the earth and stone dam are generally under the condition of lateral deformation, and have the direction combination of the dominant stress and the permeability reduction, namely, the vertical stress is the major stress, and the permeability reduction is along the horizontal direction or the nearly horizontal direction; in addition, the level formed by soil compaction and deposition is generally horizontal; current osmotic damage testers do not take these factors into account.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for measuring the horizontal progressive penetration damage process of soil and stone materials in the progressive development process of the penetration damage in a soil body under the action of vertical stress.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, there is provided a device for measuring a horizontal progressive infiltration destruction process of soil material, comprising:
the outer cylinder is internally and coaxially provided with a porous inner cylinder for containing a soil and stone sample, and an annular groove for containing water is arranged between the outer cylinder and the porous inner cylinder;
the slidable pressure plate is used for uniformly applying downward vertical pressure to the soil and stone material sample, the diameter of the slidable pressure plate is matched with the inner diameter of the porous inner cylinder, a plurality of water pressure sensors are uniformly arranged in the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the slidable pressure plate, and a porous rigid pipeline for supplying high-pressure water to the soil and stone material sample is coaxially arranged below the slidable pressure plate;
the water body disturbance device is used for drawing water at the upper part of the annular groove and spraying the water to the bottom of the inner side of the annular groove to carry out disturbance, and soil possibly deposited on the outer side of the porous inner cylinder and the bottom of the annular groove is flushed to the water through holes at the upper part of the first pipeline;
the closed water tank is communicated with the bottom of the annular groove, the upper end in the closed water tank is provided with a tension sensor, and one end of the tension sensor is provided with a filter screen;
and the liquid collecting device is arranged on the weighing device, and the upper end of the liquid collecting device is provided with a water head control pipe which is communicated with the top of the closed water tank.
The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical scheme are: the porous rigid pipeline supplies high-pressure water to the soil and stone material sample, so that the high-pressure water uniformly permeates the soil and stone material sample to the periphery along the radial direction through the holes on the porous rigid pipeline, and meanwhile, the slidable pressure plate applies downward vertical pressure to the soil and stone material sample; fine particles in the soil and stone sample move, are silted up or run off in the sample under the combined action of the permeability gradient and the vertical stress, part of the particles and the seepage water penetrate through holes on the porous inner cylinder and penetrate into the annular groove, flow to the outlet along the slope along with the water flow under the disturbance action of the water body disturbance device and enter the closed water tank, and the seepage water enters the liquid collection device; at the moment, the tension sensors in the closed water tank continuously measure the mass of the seeped soil, the weighing device continuously measures the mass of the seeped water, the water pressure sensors continuously measure the pore water pressure of the soil, the water pressure sensors are uniformly arranged along the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the slidable pressing plate, the gradual development process of seepage damage in the soil body under the action of vertical stress can be measured, the masses of the seeped soil and the seeped water are continuously separated and measured, the local hydraulic pressure drop change and the difference between the local hydraulic pressure drop change and the integral hydraulic pressure drop caused by the migration process of fine particles in the soil body are detected, the migration sequence and the migration distance of the fine particles in the soil body are obtained, a tool is provided for the gradual seepage damage mechanism research, and the change processes of the level to the critical hydraulic pressure drop, the damage hydraulic pressure drop and the level to the permeability coefficient are simultaneously measured.
Furthermore, a first slope inclining from the outer cylinder to the inner cylinder is circumferentially arranged at the bottom of the annular groove, a second slope is circumferentially arranged at the bottom of the first slope, a water through hole is formed in the lowest position of the second slope, and a first pipeline is arranged between the water through hole and the closed water tank; the first slope and the second slope provide slopes, so that fine particles move towards the water through hole under the action of gravity, and collection of the fine particles is facilitated.
Furthermore, the water disturbance device comprises a plurality of water disturbance pipes which are uniformly arranged on the outer barrel, the upper end and the lower end of each water disturbance pipe are communicated with the annular groove, a circulating water pump is arranged on each water disturbance pipe, the outlet end of each water disturbance pipe points to the tangential direction of the second slope and faces to the lower end of the second slope, and therefore fine particles can enter the closed water tank through the water through holes as soon as possible under the disturbance effect of water flow.
Furthermore, a slidable pressure plate is arranged at the upper end of the porous inner cylinder, the lower end face of the slidable pressure plate is flush with the lower end face of the water pressure sensor, and a linear driving mechanism and a displacement sensor are vertically arranged at the upper end of the slidable pressure plate; the linear driving mechanism controls pressure and drives the slidable pressure plate to move downwards, so that the controllability of vertical stress is realized; the displacement sensor monitors the displacement condition of the slidable pressure plate in real time, so that the vertical deformation of the soil and stone material sample can be measured.
Furthermore, the device for measuring the horizontal progressive infiltration damage process of the soil and stone materials further comprises a frame, wherein one end of the bottom of the outer cylinder, one end of the displacement sensor, which is far away from the slidable pressure plate, and one end of the linear driving mechanism, which is far away from the slidable pressure plate, are fixedly arranged on the frame, and the frame is used for installing the outer cylinder, the displacement sensor, the linear driving mechanism and other components and providing an installation space.
Furthermore, the device for measuring the horizontal progressive infiltration destruction process of the soil and rock materials further comprises a high-pressure water supply device, wherein the high-pressure water supply device is communicated with the upper end of the porous rigid pipeline, and high-pressure water is supplied to the high-pressure water supply device from the upper end of the porous rigid pipeline.
Further, a connector is fixedly arranged on the slidable pressure plate, a second pipeline is arranged between the connector and the high-pressure water supply device, and the connector is communicated with the porous rigid pipeline and the second pipeline, so that high-pressure water provided by the high-pressure water supply device is supplied to the porous rigid pipeline.
Furthermore, a threaded through hole is formed in the slidable pressure plate, and the water pressure sensor is connected in the threaded through hole in a threaded manner, so that the water pressure sensor is screwed into the threaded through hole from the upper part of the slidable pressure plate after the slidable pressure plate is installed; one end of the water pressure sensor is provided with an external thread, the length of the water pressure sensor is greater than the thickness of the slidable pressing plate, and after the slidable pressing plate is screwed into the water pressure sensor, the bottom end (water inlet end) of the water pressure sensor is enabled to be flush with the bottom surface of the slidable pressing plate.
Furthermore, sealing elements are arranged between the porous rigid pipeline and the slidable pressure plate and between the water pressure sensor and the slidable pressure plate, so that leakage between the porous rigid pipeline and the slidable pressure plate and leakage between the water pressure sensor and the slidable pressure plate are avoided.
In a second aspect, a method for measuring a horizontal progressive infiltration destruction process of an earthen material is provided, which comprises the following steps:
s1: loading soil and stone samples into the porous inner cylinder according to a set density, and compacting the soil and stone samples by layering power; drilling along the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the porous rigid pipeline, inserting the porous rigid pipeline into a soil and stone material sample, connecting the porous rigid pipeline with the slidable pressure plate, and keeping a gap at the lower end of the porous rigid pipeline;
s2: placing the highest point of an inner hole of a bevel at the top of the water head control pipe on the same elevation as the top surface of the soil and stone sample; filling water into the annular groove, filling the water tank with water, filling the water head control pipe with water, and suspending water addition until the water head control pipe has water flowing out; in the process that the soil and stone material sample absorbs water and is gradually saturated, the position of the water head control pipe is kept unchanged, water in the annular groove is continuously supplemented until the soil and stone material sample absorbs water and is saturated, the water level in the annular groove is not reduced, and the highest point of the water in the annular groove is continuously kept flush with the highest point of the inner hole at the top of the water head control pipe;
s3: installing a linear driving mechanism and a displacement sensor; starting a linear driving mechanism to downwards compress a slidable pressure plate, and applying downward vertical pressure to the soil and stone sample through the slidable pressure plate; simultaneously, starting a high-pressure water supply device and a circulating water pump, wherein the high-pressure water supply device supplies high-pressure water into the porous rigid pipeline, so that the high-pressure water flows into the soil material sample through the holes on the porous rigid pipeline; the circulating water pump disturbs the water body in the annular groove through the water body disturbing pipe, so that water and fine particles which permeate into the annular groove flow to an outlet along the first slope and the second slope, the water and the fine particles enter the closed water tank through a pipeline, and redundant water flows into the water head control pipe;
s4: the tension sensors continuously measure the weight of the penetrated soil, the weighing device continuously measures the mass of the penetrated water, and the water pressure sensors continuously measure the pore water pressure of the soil at different radial positions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a measuring apparatus for a horizontal progressive infiltration destruction process of soil and rock materials;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the slidable platen in the present version;
the device comprises a soil and stone sample 1, a displacement sensor 2, a linear driving mechanism 3, a frame 4, a frame 5, a high-pressure water supply device 6, a second pipeline 7, a connector 8, a water pressure sensor 9, an outer cylinder 10, a slidable pressure plate 11, a water disturbance pipe 12, a circulating water pump 13, an annular groove 14, a first slope 15, a porous rigid pipeline 16, a gap 17, a first pipeline 18, a tension sensor 19, a filter screen 20, a closed water tank 21, a water head control pipe 22, a weighing device 23, a liquid collecting device 24, a porous inner cylinder 25, a second slope 26 and a water through hole.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
As shown in fig. 1, the present solution provides a device for measuring a horizontal progressive infiltration destruction process of soil material, which comprises:
the outer cylinder 9 is internally and coaxially provided with a porous inner cylinder 24, an annular groove 13 is arranged between the outer cylinder and the porous inner cylinder 24, the annular groove 13 is filled with water, and the height of the water is fixed;
the device comprises a slidable pressure plate 10, a displacement sensor 2 and a plurality of water pressure sensors 8, wherein the slidable pressure plate is slidably arranged at the upper end of a porous inner cylinder 24, the diameter of the slidable pressure plate is matched with the inner diameter of the porous inner cylinder 24, a porous rigid pipeline 15 is arranged at the lower part of the slidable pressure plate along the axial line, a soil material sample 1 is arranged between the slidable pressure plate and the porous inner cylinder 24 and between the slidable pressure plate and the porous rigid pipeline 15, the bottom of the slidable pressure plate is uniformly provided with the water pressure sensors 8 along the radial direction and the circumferential direction, the lower end face of the slidable pressure plate is flush with the lower end face of each water pressure sensor 8, and the upper end of the slidable pressure plate is vertically provided with a linear driving mechanism 3 and the displacement sensor 2; wherein, the lower end of the porous rigid pipeline 15 is not blocked, and the linear driving mechanism 3 can adopt a jack;
a high-pressure water supply device 5 which is communicated with the upper end of the porous rigid pipeline 15 and can adopt a booster pump;
eight water disturbance pipes 11 which are uniformly arranged on the outer cylinder 9, both ends of which are respectively communicated with the upper end and the lower end of water in the annular groove 13, and a circulating water pump 12 is arranged on the eight water disturbance pipes;
a closed water tank 20 which is communicated with the bottom of the annular groove 13 and the bottom of the water head control pipe 21, wherein the inner upper end of the closed water tank is provided with a tension sensor 18, and the output end of the tension sensor 18 is provided with a cylindrical filter screen 19;
the liquid collecting device 23 is provided with a weighing device 22 at the lower end thereof and a water head control pipe 21 at the upper end thereof, and the water head control pipe 21 is communicated with the top of the closed water tank 20.
The high-pressure water supply device 5 pumps high-pressure water into the porous rigid pipeline 15, so that the high-pressure water uniformly penetrates into the soil and stone sample 1 from the periphery to the radial direction through holes in the porous rigid pipeline 15, and meanwhile, the linear driving mechanism 3 enables the slidable pressure plate 10 to move downwards, so that vertical stress is applied through the slidable pressure plate 10; fine particles in the soil and stone material sample 1 move in the soil sample under the combined action of permeability gradient and vertical stress, part of the fine particles penetrate through holes in the porous inner cylinder 24 and penetrate into the annular groove 13, the fine particles enter the closed water tank 20 along with water flow under the scouring action of the water disturbance tube 11, and the rest of water enters the liquid collecting device 23; at this time, the tension sensor 18 in the closed water tank 20 continuously measures the mass of the oozed soil, the weighing device 22 continuously measures the mass of the oozed water, and the masses of the oozed soil and the oozed water are continuously separated and measured; the water pressure sensors 8 continuously measure the pore water pressure of the soil, and the water pressure sensors 8 are uniformly arranged along the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the sliding pressing plate 10, so that the gradual development process of the penetration damage in the soil body under the action of vertical stress can be measured, the change of local hydraulic pressure drop and the difference between the local hydraulic pressure drop and the integral hydraulic pressure drop caused by the migration process of fine particles in the soil body are ascertained, the migration sequence and the migration distance of the fine particles in the soil body are obtained, a tool is provided for the research of the gradual penetration damage mechanism, and the change processes of the level to the critical hydraulic pressure drop, the damage hydraulic pressure drop and the level to the permeability coefficient are simultaneously measured.
The linear driving mechanism 3 controls the pressure and drives the slidable pressure plate 10 to move downwards, so that the vertical stress is controllable; the displacement sensor 2 monitors the displacement condition of the slidable pressure plate 10 in real time, so that the vertical deformation of the soil and stone material sample can be measured.
The seepage hydraulic gradient direction of the soil and stone sample 1 is a horizontal direction, the magnitude of the seepage hydraulic gradient is controlled by a pressure head in the porous rigid pipeline 15, and the numerical value is equal to the difference between the top pressure head of the porous rigid pipeline 15 and the radius of the soil and stone sample 1 and the radius of the porous rigid pipeline 15; the vertical stress on the soil and rock material sample 1 is equal to the pressure generated by the linear drive mechanism 3 divided by the area of the slidable platen 10.
In the implementation, the bottom of the annular groove 13 is preferably provided with a first slope 14 with a low inner part and a high outer part, the bottom of the first slope 14 is circumferentially provided with two semicircular second slopes 25, the lowest parts of the two second slopes 25 are intersected, the lowest part of the second slope 25 is provided with a water through hole 26, a first pipeline 17 is arranged between the water through hole 26 and the closed water tank 20, and the first pipeline 17 is communicated with the closed water tank 20; the first ramp 14 and the second ramp 25 provide ramps to move fine particles under the force of gravity towards the limber holes 26 to facilitate fine particle collection.
As shown in fig. 2, the water flow direction in the water disturbance tube 11 is from top to bottom, and the outlet end of the water disturbance tube 11 faces the lower end of the second slope 25, so as to flush the fine particles on the first slope 14 or the second slope 25, so as to improve the transportation efficiency of the fine particles, and enable the fine particles to enter the closed water tank 20 through the water through hole 26 as soon as possible.
During design, the preferred one end of first pipeline 17 of this scheme passes closed water tank 20 and is located cylindric filter screen 19 to avoid the fine particle to get into the space between closed water tank 20 and the cylindric filter screen 19, ensure the measurement accuracy of the quality of oozing out soil.
When the device is implemented, the measuring device for the horizontal progressive infiltration destruction process of the soil and stone materials preferably further comprises a frame 4, the bottom of the outer cylinder 9, one end of the displacement sensor 2, which is far away from the slidable pressure plate 10, and one end of the linear driving mechanism 3, which is far away from the slidable pressure plate 10, are fixedly arranged on the frame 4, and the frame 4 is used for installing the outer cylinder 9, the displacement sensor 2, the linear driving mechanism 3 and other parts and providing an installation space; the frame 4 is provided with a mounting hole at a lower end of the water passage hole 26 for mounting the first duct 17.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a threaded through hole is provided in the slidable pressure plate 10, and the water pressure sensor 8 is screwed into the threaded through hole, so that the water pressure sensor 8 is screwed into the threaded through hole from the upper portion of the slidable pressure plate 10 after the slidable pressure plate 10 is mounted.
During design, an external thread is arranged at one end of the water pressure sensor 8, which is preferably selected by the scheme, and the length of the water pressure sensor is larger than the thickness of the slidable pressing plate 10, so that the water pressure sensor 8 can be completely screwed into the slidable pressing plate 10.
In this embodiment, it is preferable that the slidable pressure plate 10 is fixedly provided with a connector 7, a second pipe 6 is provided between the connector 7 and the high-pressure water supply device 5, and the connector 7 communicates the porous rigid pipe 15 and the second pipe 6, so that the high-pressure water supplied from the high-pressure water supply device 5 is supplied to the porous rigid pipe 15.
In one embodiment of the invention, a gap 16 is arranged in the soil and stone material sample 1, the gap 16 is positioned at the lower end of the porous rigid pipeline 15, and the size of the gap 16 is larger than that of the porous rigid pipeline 15; the gap 16 provides a displacement space for downward movement of the porous rigid pipe 15, and ensures smooth downward movement of the porous rigid pipe 15.
During design, sealing parts are preferably arranged between the porous rigid pipeline 15 and the slidable pressing plate 10 and between the water pressure sensor 8 and the slidable pressing plate 10, so that leakage between the porous rigid pipeline 15 and the slidable pressing plate 10 and leakage between the water pressure sensor 8 and the slidable pressing plate 10 are avoided.
The scheme also provides a method for measuring the horizontal progressive infiltration destruction process of the soil material, which comprises the following steps:
s1: the soil and stone sample 1 is filled into the porous inner cylinder 24 according to a set density, and the soil and stone sample 1 is compacted through layered power; drilling along the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the porous rigid pipeline 15, inserting the porous rigid pipeline 15 into the soil and stone material sample 1, connecting the porous rigid pipeline 15 with the slidable pressure plate 10, and keeping a gap 16 at the lower end of the porous rigid pipeline 15;
s2: placing the highest point of the inner hole of the top bevel of the water head control pipe 11 on the same elevation as the top surface of the soil and stone sample 1; filling water into the annular groove 13, filling the water into the water head control pipe 11 after the closed water tank 20 is filled with water, and suspending water adding until water flows out of the water head control pipe 11; in the process that the soil and stone material sample 1 absorbs water and is gradually saturated, the position of the water head control pipe 11 is kept unchanged, water in the annular groove 13 is continuously supplemented until the soil and stone material sample 1 absorbs water and is saturated, the water level in the annular groove is not reduced, and the highest point of the water in the annular groove 13 is continuously kept flush with the highest point of the inner hole at the top of the water head control pipe 11;
s3: installing a linear driving mechanism 3 and a displacement sensor 2; starting the linear driving mechanism 3 to press the slidable pressure plate 10 downwards, and applying downward vertical pressure to the soil and stone sample 1 through the slidable pressure plate 10; simultaneously, starting the high-pressure water supply device 5 and the circulating water pump 12, wherein the high-pressure water supply device 5 supplies high-pressure water into the porous rigid pipeline 15, so that the high-pressure water flows into the soil material sample 1 through the holes on the porous rigid pipeline 15; the circulating water pump 12 disturbs the water body in the annular groove 13 through the water body disturbing pipe 11, so that water and fine particles which permeate into the annular groove 13 flow to the outlet 26 along the first slope 14 and the second slope 25, the water and the fine particles enter the closed water tank 20 through the pipeline 17, and redundant water flows into the water head control pipe 21;
s4: the tension sensor 18 continuously measures the weight of the penetrated soil, the weighing device 22 continuously measures the mass of the penetrated water, and the water pressure sensors 8 continuously measure the pore water pressure of the soil at different radial positions.
Claims (10)
1. A soil material level is to measuring device of gradual infiltration destruction process, its characterized in that includes:
the device comprises an outer cylinder (9), a porous inner cylinder (24) for containing a soil and stone sample (1) is coaxially arranged in the outer cylinder, and an annular groove (13) for containing water is arranged between the outer cylinder and the porous inner cylinder (24);
the device comprises a slidable pressure plate (10), a porous inner cylinder (24), a plurality of water pressure sensors (8), a porous rigid pipeline (15) and a plurality of water pressure sensors, wherein the slidable pressure plate is used for uniformly applying downward vertical pressure to a soil and rock material sample (1), the diameter of the slidable pressure plate is matched with the inner diameter of the porous inner cylinder (24), the water pressure sensors are uniformly arranged in the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the slidable pressure plate, and the porous rigid pipeline (15) is coaxially arranged below the slidable pressure plate and used for supplying high-pressure water into the soil and rock material sample (1);
the water body disturbance device is used for drawing water at the upper part of the annular groove (13) and spraying the water to the bottom of the inner side of the annular groove (13) for disturbance;
the closed water tank (20) is communicated with the bottom of the annular groove (13), the upper end in the closed water tank is provided with a tension sensor (18), and one end of the tension sensor (18) is provided with a filter screen (19);
and the liquid collecting device (23) is arranged on the weighing device (22), the upper end of the liquid collecting device is provided with a water head control pipe (21), and the water head control pipe (21) is communicated with the top of the closed water tank (20).
2. The apparatus for measuring the horizontal progressive infiltration destruction process of soil and stone materials according to claim 1, wherein a first slope (14) inclining from the outer cylinder (9) to the inner cylinder (24) is circumferentially arranged at the bottom of the annular groove (13), a second slope (25) is circumferentially arranged at the bottom of the first slope (14), a water through hole (26) is arranged at the lowest part of the second slope (25), and a first pipeline (17) is arranged between the water through hole (26) and the closed water tank (20).
3. The apparatus for measuring horizontal progressive infiltration destruction of earthen materials as claimed in claim 2, wherein the water disturbance means comprises a plurality of water disturbance pipes (11) uniformly disposed on the outer cylinder (9), the upper and lower ends of the water disturbance pipes (11) are communicated with the annular groove (13), a circulating water pump (12) is disposed on the water disturbance pipes (11), and the outlet end of the water disturbance pipes (11) points to the tangential direction of the second slope (25) and faces the lower end of the second slope (25).
4. The apparatus for measuring horizontal progressive infiltration destruction of earthen materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slidable pressure plate (10) is provided at the upper end of the porous inner cylinder (24), the lower end surface of the slidable pressure plate (10) is flush with the lower end surface of the water pressure sensor (8), and the upper end of the slidable pressure plate (10) is vertically provided with the linear driving mechanism (3) and the displacement sensor (2).
5. The apparatus for measuring the horizontal progressive infiltration destruction process of soil and stone materials according to claim 4, further comprising a frame (4), wherein the bottom of the outer cylinder (9), the end of the displacement sensor (2) far away from the slidable pressure plate (10), and the end of the linear driving mechanism (3) far away from the slidable pressure plate (10) are all fixedly arranged on the frame (4).
6. The apparatus for measuring horizontal progressive infiltration destruction of earthen materials as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a high pressure water supply means (5), said high pressure water supply means (5) communicating with the upper end of the porous rigid pipe (15).
7. The apparatus for measuring horizontal progressive infiltration destruction of earthen materials as claimed in claim 6, wherein a connector (7) is fixedly provided on said slidable platen (10), a second conduit (6) is provided between said connector (7) and said high pressure water supply (5), said connector (7) communicating said porous rigid conduit (15) and said second conduit (6).
8. The apparatus for measuring horizontal progressive infiltration destruction of earthen materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein a threaded through hole is provided in said slidable pressure plate (10), said water pressure sensor (8) is screwed in the threaded through hole; one end of the water pressure sensor (8) is provided with an external thread, and the length of the water pressure sensor (8) is larger than the thickness of the slidable pressing plate (10).
9. The apparatus for measuring horizontal progressive infiltration destruction of earthen materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein a seal is provided between said porous rigid pipe (15) and said slidable platen (10), and between said water pressure sensor (8) and said slidable platen (10).
10. A method for measuring horizontal progressive infiltration destruction process of soil and rock material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: the soil and stone sample (1) is filled into the porous inner cylinder (24) according to a set density, and the soil and stone sample (1) is compacted by layered power; drilling along the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the porous rigid pipeline (15), inserting the porous rigid pipeline (15) into the soil and stone material sample (1), connecting the porous rigid pipeline (15) with the slidable pressure plate (10), and reserving a gap (16) at the lower end of the porous rigid pipeline (15);
s2: placing the highest point of an inner hole of a top bevel of the water head control pipe (11) at the same elevation as the top surface of the soil and stone sample (1); water is filled into the annular groove (13), the water head control pipe (11) is filled after the closed water tank (20) is filled with the water, and the water is added temporarily until the water head control pipe (11) has water flowing out; in the process that the soil and stone sample (1) absorbs water and is gradually saturated, the position of the water head control pipe (11) is kept unchanged, water in the annular groove (13) is continuously supplemented until the soil and stone sample (1) absorbs water and is saturated, the water level in the annular groove (13) is not reduced, and the highest point of the water in the annular groove (13) is continuously kept flush with the highest point of the inner hole at the top of the water head control pipe (11);
s3: installing a linear driving mechanism (3) and a displacement sensor (2); starting the linear driving mechanism (3) to press the slidable pressure plate (10) downwards, and applying downward vertical pressure to the soil and stone sample (1) through the slidable pressure plate (10); simultaneously, starting a high-pressure water supply device (5) and a circulating water pump (12), wherein the high-pressure water supply device (5) supplies high-pressure water into the porous rigid pipeline (15), and the high-pressure water flows into the soil stone sample (1) through holes in the porous rigid pipeline (15); the circulating water pump (12) disturbs the water body in the annular groove (13) through the water body disturbing pipe (11), so that water and fine particles which permeate into the annular groove (13) flow to the outlet (26) along the first slope (14) and the second slope (25), the water and the fine particles enter the closed water tank (20) through the pipeline (17), and redundant water flows into the water head control pipe (21);
s4: the tension sensor (18) continuously measures the weight of the leaked soil, the weighing device (22) continuously measures the quality of the leaked water, and the water pressure sensors (8) continuously measure the pore water pressure of the soil at different radial positions.
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