CN110658328B - Portable in-situ gas content measuring device and method for shallow gas-containing stratum - Google Patents
Portable in-situ gas content measuring device and method for shallow gas-containing stratum Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a portable in-situ gas content measuring device and method for a shallow gas-containing stratum, wherein the device comprises a probe, a static sounding device and a pressure pipeline circulation supply and motor control system; the probe comprises a probe outer cylinder, a wedge-shaped opening, a ball valve opening driving device, a soil storage device, a conical piston and a probe sealing base; the probe sealing base, the soil storage device, the ball valve and the wedge-shaped opening are sequentially connected from top to bottom; the probe sealing base is connected with the conical piston through a piston rod; the probe sealing base controls the conical piston to lift by limiting and opening the movement of the piston rod; the static cone penetration device is connected with the probe; the pressure pipeline circulation supply and motor control system is connected with the ball valve opening driving device, the probe sealing base and the conical piston. The invention has the advantage that the shallow gas-containing stratum with the gas content in the soil body of the in-situ gas-containing stratum can be obtained by carrying the ordinary static cone penetration tester.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering investigation in the field of civil engineering, relates to a portable in-situ investigation device and method, and particularly relates to a portable in-situ gas content measurement device and method for a shallow gas-containing stratum.
Background
Shallow gas generally refers to natural gas (including organic, inorganic or mixed source gases) buried within 1500m below the surface. The shallow gas-rich formation is referred to as a gas-bearing formation. Gas bearing formations are commonly found in wetlands, estuaries, delta, lakes and submarine sediments and shallow formations where the oil and gas resources are relatively abundant. The gas in the soil layer mainly comes from the gas which is formed by decomposing organic matters under the action of anaerobic bacteria, is generated in the activities of biological source gas, deep oil gas, valance gas and magma, and is sealed in the shallow stratum by upward migration after seepage and diffusion. Shallow gas is stored in different degrees in the coast of Zhejiang, the delta of Yangtze river, the Qidamu basin, the Songliao basin, the Bohai Bay basin and the small basin in the Guangxi area of Yunnan Qian, wherein the shallow gas in the coast of southeast and the downstream area of Yangtze river including Su, zhejiang, hu, min, guangdong, qiong, hunan, hubei and Gan is mainly distributed in the fourth system plains along the coast and Jiang. The stratum containing gas belongs to a special engineering geological disaster, namely shallow gas geological disaster, for civil engineering. The well-known Hangzhou bay cross-sea bridge in China has accidents of ship damage caused by shallow gas eruption and combustion in the early engineering investigation process. Other countries have also experienced accidents that have caused offshore drilling platforms to topple due to gas eruptions in the gas bearing earth layers. With the deep development of underground space in China, more and more projects encounter underground shallow gas, and the geological disaster problem of the shallow gas is more and more remarkable. When the engineering encounters a gas-containing stratum, firstly, information such as sources, components, main storage layers, distribution ranges, gas contents and the like of gas in the stratum need to be ascertained, and the gas content in an in-situ soil body in the gas-containing stratum is very important for accurately judging the damage degree of the shallow gas stratum to the engineering.
At present, geotechnical engineering investigation in shallow gas geological areas is mostly dependent on in-situ static sounding, drilling or professional samplers of oil and gas departments. The shallow gas pressure in the soil layer is generally higher and is easy to escape, the undisturbed gas-containing soil sample is retrieved from the soil layer through the pressure-maintaining sampler, and then the gas content is measured in a laboratory, so that the operation is very difficult and the cost is high. At present, no corresponding portable investigation device can realize in-situ measurement of the content of the original gas in the gas-bearing stratum.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a portable in-situ gas content measuring device and a portable in-situ gas content measuring method for a shallow gas-containing stratum, wherein the shallow gas content in an in-situ gas-containing stratum soil body can be obtained by carrying a common static cone penetration tester.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a portable in-situ gas content measuring device for shallow gas-containing stratum is characterized in that: the portable in-situ gas content measuring device of the shallow gas-containing stratum comprises a probe, a static sounding device and a pressure pipeline circulation supply and motor control system; the probe comprises a probe outer cylinder, a wedge-shaped opening, a ball valve opening driving device, a soil storage device, a conical piston and a probe sealing base; the probe sealing base, the soil storage device, the ball valve and the wedge-shaped opening are sequentially connected from top to bottom to form an integral structure; the outer part of the integral structure is sleeved with a probe outer cylinder; a conical piston moving channel is arranged in the integral structure along the axial direction of the integral structure; the probe sealing base is connected with a conical piston arranged in the conical piston moving channel through a piston rod; a hollow cylindrical cavity communicated with the conical piston moving channel is arranged in the wedge-shaped opening; a clamp holder is arranged in the probe sealing base; the piston rod passes through the clamp holder, and the clamp holder limits or opens the conical piston to lift in the hollow cylindrical cavity and in the conical piston moving channel by clamping the piston rod; the static cone penetration device is connected with the probe sealing base; the ball valve opening driving device is connected with the ball valve and drives the ball valve to open or close the conical piston moving channel; the pressure pipeline circulation supply and motor control system is respectively connected with the ball valve opening driving device, the clamp holder and the conical piston.
Preferably, the wedge-shaped opening adopted by the invention is a truncated cone-shaped shell, and the bottom of the outer cylinder of the probe is connected with the wedge-shaped opening; a hollow cylindrical cavity communicated with the conical piston moving channel is arranged in the wedge-shaped opening along the axial direction of the wedge-shaped opening; the conical piston extends out of the bottom of the wedge-shaped opening and is connected with a probe sealing base arranged at the top of the soil storage device through a piston rod.
Preferably, the ball valve used in the present invention comprises a ball valve housing, a ball valve ball, a sealing washer, a pressure tube connecting hole and a connector; the ball valve shell is provided with a conical piston moving channel; the ball valve ball body is arranged in the ball valve shell; a sealing gasket is arranged between the ball body of the ball valve and the ball valve shell; the ball valve opening driving device is connected with the ball valve ball body through a connector and drives the ball valve ball body to rotate; when the ball valve ball rotates, the conical piston moving channel is blocked or opened; the upper part of the ball valve shell is provided with a pressure pipe connecting hole communicated with the inside of the ball valve shell; the pressure pipeline circulation supply and motor control system is communicated with the pressure pipe connecting hole.
Preferably, the ball valve opening driving device adopted by the invention comprises a stepping motor, a first gear and a second gear; the pressure pipeline circulation supply and motor control system is connected with the stepping motor and drives the stepping motor to be started or closed; the stepping motor is connected with the second gear through the first gear; the second gear is connected with the connector and drives the ball valve ball body to rotate through the connector.
Preferably, the soil storage device adopted by the invention comprises a soil storage bin; the soil storage bin is coaxial with the probe outer cylinder; a conical piston moving channel is arranged in the soil storage bin along the axial direction of the soil storage bin; the conical piston moving channel is equal in diameter with the hollow cylindrical cavity in the wedge-shaped opening; the top of the soil storage bin is fixedly provided with a probe sealing base, the soil storage bin is arranged on the lower surface of the soil storage bin, the center of the top of the soil storage bin is provided with a piston rod opening, so that a piston rod can pass through the piston rod, one side of the center of the top of the soil storage bin is also provided with a back pressure pipe opening communicated with the probe sealing base, and the bottom of the soil storage bin is connected with a ball valve through threads; the bottom of the outer probe cylinder is provided with a connecting hole of the outer probe cylinder, and the bottom of the outer probe cylinder can be connected with the wedge-shaped opening by inserting a pin through the corresponding connecting hole of the outer probe cylinder and the connecting hole of the wedge-shaped opening end positioned at the top of the wedge-shaped opening; the top of the probe outer cylinder body is connected with the probe sealing base through threads.
Preferably, the conical piston adopted by the invention comprises a piston rod, a porous conical filter head with low air inlet value (made of clay material, the ceramic material is used for allowing water to pass through and gas to not pass through), a rubber sealing ring, a water inlet and outlet pore canal, the upper part of the conical piston and the lower part of the conical piston; the upper part of the conical piston, the lower part of the conical piston and the porous conical filter head with low air inlet value are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the bottom of the piston rod is arranged in the upper part of the conical piston and is fixedly connected with the upper part of the conical piston through a conical piston connecting thread; the outer surface of the upper part of the conical piston and the outer surface of the lower part of the conical piston are respectively provided with a rubber sealing ring; the porous low-air-inlet-value conical filter head is arranged at the lower part of the conical piston; one side of the conical piston is provided with a water inlet and outlet pore canal penetrating through the upper part of the conical piston and the lower part of the conical piston, the upper part of the water inlet and outlet pore canal is positioned on the upper surface of the upper part of the conical piston, and the lower part of the water inlet and outlet pore canal is communicated with the porous conical filter head with low air inlet value; the pressure pipeline circulation supply and motor control system is communicated with the porous low-air-inlet-value conical filter head through the water inlet and outlet pore canal; the upper part of the piston rod passes through a clamp holder positioned in the probe sealing base, and the clamp holder is opened or closed, so that the piston rod can be limited or opened to move, and the lifting movement of the conical piston in the hollow cylindrical cavity and in the conical piston moving channel is controlled.
Preferably, the probe sealing base adopted by the invention comprises a clamp holder, a base body, a clamp holder lead, a static sounding rod connecting thread, a back pressure pipe hole, a stepping motor wire hole, a piston rod hole and a pressure pipe hole; the probe sealing base is arranged at the top of the probe outer cylinder and is connected with the probe outer cylinder through threads; the probe sealing base is externally provided with a static cone penetration rod connecting thread, and the probe sealing base is screwed at the bottom of the static cone penetration rod through the thread; the probe sealing base is characterized in that a clamp holder is arranged in the center of the inside of the probe sealing base, a piston rod passes through the clamp holder, and the clamp holder can be opened and closed to limit or open the movement of the piston rod, so as to control the lifting movement of the conical piston head in the hollow cylindrical cavity and the conical piston moving channel; the base body of the probe sealing base is provided with a back pressure pipe opening corresponding to the top of the soil storage bin, and the back pressure pipe is communicated with the back pressure pipe opening in a sealing way on the upper surface of the probe sealing base; the base body of the probe sealing base is also provided with a stepping motor wire hole and a pressure pipe hole, and the stepping motor wire and the pressure pipe respectively pass through the stepping motor wire hole and the pressure pipe hole.
Preferably, the static cone penetration device comprises a static cone penetration instrument and a static cone penetration rod; and the static cone penetration tester is connected with the probe through a static cone penetration rod.
Preferably, the pressure pipeline circulation supply and motor control system adopted by the invention comprises a volume-variable pipe, a first pressure regulating valve, a second pressure regulating valve, a pressure reducing valve, a pneumatic source, a back pressure chamber, a motor controller, a back pressure pipe and a pressure pipe; the motor controller is connected with the stepper motor wire and the clamp holder wire through wires respectively; one end of the pressure pipe is connected to an air pressure source through the body change pipe, the first pressure regulating valve and the pressure reducing valve, and the other end of the pressure pipe is communicated with a pressure pipe connecting hole on the ball valve; one end of the back pressure pipe is connected to the pressure reducing valve through the back pressure chamber and the second pressure regulating valve, and the other end of the back pressure pipe is communicated with the back pressure pipe opening on the probe sealing base.
A portable in-situ gas content measuring method for shallow gas-containing stratum is characterized in that: the portable in-situ gas content measuring method of the shallow gas-containing stratum comprises the following steps:
1) The concrete implementation mode of the assembled probe is as follows:
1.1 Assembling the first part of the probe: tightening wedge-shaped opening threads on the upper part of the wedge-shaped opening of the first part of the probe with second ball valve connecting threads on the lower part of the ball valve shell of the second part of the probe;
1.2 Assembling the probe second part: connecting one end of the pressure tube to a pressure tube connecting bore in the ball valve housing; connecting the first gear with a ball of a ball valve by using a connector;
1.3 Assembling the probe third part: aligning the connecting hole of the outer cylinder of the probe with the connecting hole of the wedge-shaped opening end at the lower part of the outer cylinder of the probe, installing a pin, and connecting the outer cylinder of the probe with the wedge-shaped opening; fixing a stepping motor on a preset motor fixing hole on the inner wall of the outer cylinder of the probe, wherein a second gear on the stepping motor is tightly meshed with a first gear on the ball valve; connecting the soil storage bin connecting thread of the third part of the probe with the first ball valve connecting thread of the second part of the probe;
1.4 Assembling the fourth part of the probe: screwing and fixing a piston rod on the upper part of a conical piston, connecting a porous conical filter head with a low air inlet value with the lower part of the conical piston, connecting the upper part of the conical piston with the lower part of the conical piston, and sleeving a rubber sealing ring; penetrating the piston rod and the conical piston from the bottom of the wedge-shaped opening along the inner axial direction, so that the upper end of the piston rod penetrates through the piston rod opening at the top of the soil storage bin from the middle shaft of the soil storage bin, and the conical piston connected with the lower end of the piston rod is just positioned at the bottom of the wedge-shaped opening;
1.5 Assembling a fifth part of the probe: the clamp holder is arranged in the middle of the base body on the probe sealing base; the upper end of the piston rod penetrates out of the middle part of the clamp holder; the other end of the pressure pipe passes through a pressure pipe open hole reserved on the probe sealing base, and a stepping motor wire passes through a stepping motor wire open hole on the probe sealing base; the top of the soil storage bin is fixed at the lower part of the probe sealing base, and the upper end of the outer cylinder of the probe is screwed and fixed at the lower part of the probe sealing base; one end of the back pressure pipe is connected with a back pressure pipe opening on the upper surface of the probe sealing base; the holder wire is mounted on the probe seal mount. Thus, the entire probe portion is assembled.
2) The portable in-situ gas content measuring device for assembling the shallow gas-containing stratum comprises the following specific implementation modes:
2.1 The pressure pipe, the back pressure pipe, the clamp holder lead and the stepping motor lead penetrate out of the hollow static touch probe rod, and the lower end of the static touch probe rod is fixedly connected with the probe through a static touch probe rod connecting thread on the probe sealing base;
2.2 A step motor lead and a clamp holder lead are respectively connected with a motor controller through leads; manually adjusting the position of the conical probe, starting the motor controller by using a clamp holder wire connected with the motor controller, controlling the clamp holder to clamp the upper end of the piston rod, and fixing the conical piston at the forefront end of the whole probe;
2.3 The upper end of the pressure pipe is connected with the lower end of the body change pipe and the first pressure regulating valve, the upper end of the back pressure pipe is connected with the second pressure regulating valve and the back pressure chamber, and the first pressure regulating valve is connected with the second pressure regulating valve through the pressure reducing valve and the air pressure source;
3) Carrying out degassing water saturation on the portable in-situ gas content measuring device of the shallow gas-containing stratum assembled in the step 2), wherein the specific implementation mode is as follows: and (3) after the assembly of the step (2), saturating the pressure pipe, the back pressure pipe and the whole probe with the deaerated water, and completely filling the soil storage bin with the deaerated water.
4) Measuring the gas content of the gas-containing soil body: after a probe and a static cone penetration probe are arranged on a static cone penetration tester, the penetration is started, and the speed is 1cm/s-2cm/s; stopping the penetration after reaching the position of 30cm inside the preset gas-containing soil layer; under manual operation, willThe air pressure source and the second pressure regulating valve connected with the back pressure chamber are opened, the pressure is applied to the deaerated water in the back pressure chamber through the air pressure source, and the deaerated water transmits the pressure through the back pressure pipe, so that the initial internal pressure of the soil storage bin of the probe is kept to be p o . Simultaneously, the clamp holder is closed by the motor controller, so that a piston rod in the probe is separated from the constraint of the clamp holder in the probe sealing base, and the conical piston can move in the soil storage bin; the probe continuously penetrates into soil body downwards slowly, the soil body of the gas-containing soil layer is cut by utilizing the wedge-shaped opening, the conical piston is pushed to move upwards by the soil body cut into the soil storage bin in the soil storage bin, original deaerated water in the soil storage bin is extruded to pass through a back pressure pipe opening at the top of the soil storage bin, and the deaerated water is retracted into the back pressure chamber through the back pressure pipe. When the penetration depth is equal to the probe length, stopping continuing penetration. At this time, the upper surface of the conical piston is contacted with the top of the soil storage bin, and the water inlet and outlet pore canal on the conical piston is just in butt joint with the back pressure pipe opening at the top of the soil storage bin. Continuously controlling the stepping motor through the motor controller, closing the ball valve ball body, and cutting off the sample soil body entering the soil storage bin, so that the cut soil body sample is completely sealed in the soil storage bin; because the low air inlet value conical filter head at the lower part of the conical probe is not excessively aerated, the excess pore water pressure generated by disturbance of the soil sample can be sequentially discharged into the back pressure chamber through the low air inlet value conical filter head, the water inlet and outlet pore canal, the back pressure pipe opening on the probe sealing base and the back pressure pipe, and the gas in the soil sample can still be sealed in the soil storage bin. The deaerated water in the back pressure chamber connected with the back pressure pipe is stable, and the pressure in the back pressure chamber is restored to p o Indicating that the water pressure of the super pore in the soil body sample is completely dissipated; closing the second pressure regulating valve connected with the back pressure chamber, simultaneously opening the first pressure regulating valve, and recording the initial reading of the body change tube as V 1 Applying additional pressure delta P to the deaerated water in the body change pipe through the air pressure source, so that the deaerated water in the body change pipe enters the soil storage bin through the pressure pipe connecting hole on the ball valve, and compressing the gas in the soil sample in the soil storage bin; when the change of the liquid level of the deaerated water in the volume-changing pipe is stable, the volume reading V of the liquid at the moment is recorded 2 The difference in volume change was recorded twice through a volume change tubeThe value gives Δv= |v 1 -V 2 The total volume of gas in soil samples in the soil storage bin can be calculated, and the concrete calculation mode is as follows:
assuming that the temperature remains constant during the measurement of the volume of the gas, according to the Boy-Mariotte law, if the pressure to which the gas is subjected is increased, the volume of the gas is linearly reduced; therefore, the total volume of the gas in the soil sample in the soil storage bin can be calculated by the following method:
V v ＝ΔV·k (1)
wherein:
V v is the total volume of the gas contained in the sample soil in the soil storage bin;
DeltaV is the variation of the volume-changing tube liquid;
k is a gas volume correction factor;
k＝(p o +Δp)/Δp
wherein: p is p o The initial back pressure and delta P are the additional pressure applied in the soil storage bin;
5) The specific implementation mode of equipment recovery is as follows: after the gas measurement is finished, closing a first pressure regulating valve and a gas pressure source, then retrieving one section of a static cone penetration rod through a static cone penetration instrument, unscrewing the whole probe from the static cone penetration rod, and disassembling a wedge-shaped opening of a first part of the probe; and opening the ball valve, opening the lower part of the soil storage bin, manually pressing down the piston rod, and pushing out the sample soil from the soil storage bin by using the conical piston. Then, transporting the sample soil body to a laboratory, and measuring the particle specific gravity d of the sample soil body according to a common geotechnical test method s And dry weight ρ d The soil void ratio e of the soil sample can be obtained, and the total volume V of voids in the soil storage bin is obtained as the volume V of the soil storage bin is known V Obtaining the gas content S in the soil body of the sample g The method specifically comprises the following steps:
porosity ratio of soil:
wherein: e is the void ratio of the soil body;
d s is the specific gravity of the soil particles,
ρ d is dry density ρ d Is the mass of soil particles in a unit volume of soil sample;
V V is the total volume of pores in a sample soil body in the soil storage bin;
v total volume of soil storage bin;
the gas content of the gas in the soil body:
wherein: s is S g Is the gas content.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention provides a portable in-situ gas content measuring device and method for a shallow gas-containing stratum, wherein the device comprises a probe, a static sounding device and a pressure pipeline circulation supply and motor control system; the probe comprises a probe outer cylinder, a wedge-shaped opening, a ball valve opening driving device, a soil storage device, a conical piston and a probe sealing base; the probe sealing base, the soil storage device, the ball valve and the wedge-shaped opening are sequentially connected from top to bottom to form an integral structure; the outer part of the integral structure is sleeved with a probe outer cylinder; the inside of the integral structure is provided with a conical piston moving channel along the axial direction of the integral structure; the probe sealing base is internally provided with a clamp holder, the top of the soil storage device is tightly connected with the probe sealing device, and the wedge-shaped opening is arranged at the bottom of the probe outer cylinder; a hollow cylindrical cavity communicated with the conical piston moving channel is arranged in the wedge-shaped opening; the clamp holder limits and opens the lifting of the conical piston in the hollow cylindrical cavity and in the conical piston moving channel by clamping or releasing the piston rod; the static cone penetration device is in threaded connection with the probe sealing base; the ball valve opening driving device is connected with the ball valve and drives the ball valve to open or close the conical piston moving channel; the pressure pipeline circulation supply and motor control system is respectively connected with the ball valve opening driving device, the clamp holder and the conical piston. The invention solves the problem that in the geotechnical engineering investigation process, aiming at the shallow gas-containing soil layer, the equipment for in-situ measurement of the gas content in the gas-containing soil layer is lacking. The device has the advantages of simple structure, clear principle, convenient assembly, disassembly and operation, common static cone penetration tester and easy popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a portable in situ gas content measurement device for shallow gas bearing strata according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pressure line circulation supply and motor control system employed in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a probe used in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of a first portion of a probe used in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of a second portion of a probe used in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a third portion of a probe used in the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a fourth portion of a probe used in the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of a fifth portion of the probe used in the present invention;
wherein:
1-a static cone penetration tester; 2-a static touch probe rod; 4-body-changing tube; 5-a first pressure regulating valve; 6-a second pressure regulating valve; 7-a pressure reducing valve; 8-an air pressure source; 9-a back pressure chamber; 10-a hybrid fill layer; 11-a gas cap layer; 12-a gas-containing soil layer; 13-a probe; 15-groundwater level; 16-a motor controller; 20-conducting wires;
a1-a wedge-shaped opening; a2-wedge-shaped open end connecting holes; a3-wedge open threads;
b1-pressure tube; b2-a ball valve housing; b3-a ball valve sphere; b4-a sealing gasket; b5-a first gear; b 6-a stepper motor; b 7-a stepper motor wire; b8-first ball valve connecting threads; b9-connecting threads of the second ball valve; b10-pressure tube connecting bore; b 11-connectors; b12-a second gear; b 13-ball valve;
c1-a probe outer cylinder; c 2-connecting holes of the outer cylinder of the probe; c 3-connecting threads of the soil storage bin; c 4-a soil storage bin; c 5-punching holes on the stepping motor wire; c6-piston rod opening; c8-pressure tube opening; c9-a motor fixing hole;
d0-conical piston; d1-a piston rod; d2-conical piston connecting threads; d3-a water inlet and outlet pore canal; d4-porous low air inlet value conical filter head; d5-lower part of conical piston; d6-a rubber sealing ring; d7-upper part of the conical piston;
e 1-a holder; e 2-a probe sealing base; e 3-connecting threads of the static cone penetration rod; e 4-gripper wire; e 5-opening the back pressure pipe; e 6-a back pressure tube; and e 7-a base body.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a portable in-situ gas content measuring device for a shallow gas-containing stratum, which comprises a probe 13, a static sounding device and a pressure pipeline circulation supply and motor control system.
Referring to fig. 3, the structure of the probe 13 is divided into five parts, in which:
referring to fig. 4, the first part of the probe is a wedge-shaped opening a1, and the wedge-shaped opening a1 is a circular-table-shaped shell and mainly used for vertically cutting the gas-bearing soil layer 12. One end of the wedge-shaped opening a1 with larger outer diameter is connected with a second ball valve connecting thread b9 at one end of a ball valve shell b2 of the second part of the probe through a wedge-shaped opening thread a3, and a wedge-shaped opening end connecting hole a2 at the upper end of the wedge-shaped opening a1 is connected with a probe outer cylinder connecting hole c2 at the lower end of a probe outer cylinder c1 of the third part of the probe through a pin; the whole cavity inside the wedge-shaped opening a1 is a cylinder, the inner diameter of the cylinder is the same as the diameter of the soil storage bin c4, and the conical piston d0 (comprising the conical piston lower part d5, the conical piston upper part d7, the rubber sealing ring d6 and the porous low air inlet value conical filter head d 4) moves up and down inside the cylinder through the piston rod d 1.
Referring to fig. 5, the probe second part is composed of a pressure tube b1, a ball valve housing b2, a ball valve ball b3, a sealing washer b4, a first gear b5, a stepping motor b6, a stepping motor wire b7, a first ball valve connecting screw b8, a second ball valve connecting screw b9, a pressure tube connecting hole b10, a connector b11, a second gear b12, and a ball valve b13, wherein the ball valve b13 is composed of the ball valve housing b2, the ball valve ball b3, the sealing washer b4, and the connector b 11. The ball valve b13 is positioned at the lower end of the soil storage bin c4 and is used for sealing the soil storage bin c 4. The ball valve ball b3 is positioned in the ball valve shell b2, the center of the ball valve ball b3 is a cylindrical cavity, the inner diameter of the cavity is the same as that of the soil storage bin c4, and when the ball valve b13 is closed, the sample soil body entering the soil storage bin c4 can be cut off, and the bottom of the soil storage bin c4 is sealed; the sealing gasket b4 is used for sealing between the ball valve shell b2 and the ball valve ball b3 to prevent the ball valve b13 from leaking water and air; the first ball valve connecting thread b8 at the upper end of the ball valve shell b2 is connected with the soil storage bin connecting thread c3 at the lower end of the soil storage bin c4, and the second ball valve connecting thread b9 at the lower end of the ball valve shell b2 is connected with the wedge-shaped opening thread a3 at the upper end of the wedge-shaped opening a 1. The pressure tube b1 in the outer cylinder c1 of the probe is connected with the pressure tube connecting hole b10 at the upper end of the ball valve shell b2, and the other end of the pressure tube passes through the pressure tube opening c8 on the probe sealing base e2 to be connected with the external volume-changing tube 4; the pressure pipe b1 is used for providing water pressure to achieve the effect of compressing the gas in the sample soil in the soil storage bin c 4; the first gear b5 and the ball valve ball b3 are connected with each other through a connector b11 of the ball valve shell b2 and are connected with the stepping motor b6 through a second gear b 12; the rotation of the first gear b5 is controlled by the stepping motor b6, so that the ball valve b13 is opened or closed. The main functions of the second part of the probe are to connect the first part of the probe with the third part of the probe, cut off the sample soil body entering the soil storage bin c4, seal the lower end of the soil storage bin c4 and apply external water pressure to the inside of the soil storage bin c 4.
Referring to fig. 6, the third part of the probe consists of a probe outer cylinder c1, a probe outer cylinder connecting hole c2, a soil storage bin connecting thread c3, a soil storage bin c4, a probe sealing base e2, a stepping motor line opening c5, a piston rod opening c6, a pressure pipe opening c8 and a motor fixing opening c9. The outer wall of the third part of the probe is a probe outer cylinder c1, a probe outer cylinder connecting hole c2 is connected with a wedge-shaped opening end connecting hole a2 at the upper end of a wedge-shaped opening a1 at the lower part, a motor fixing hole c9 on the probe outer cylinder c1 is used for fixing a stepping motor b6 of the second part of the probe, and the probe outer cylinder c1 and the wedge-shaped opening a1 form the whole shell of the probe 13; the upper end of the soil storage bin c4 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the probe sealing base e2, a piston rod opening c6 through which a piston rod d1 can pass is formed in the center of the top of the soil storage bin c4, and a back pressure pipe opening e5 is formed in one side of the piston rod opening c 6; a holder e1 is arranged in the probe sealing base e2, and the upper end of the piston rod d1 can pass through the center of the holder e 1; the probe sealing base e2 is correspondingly provided with a back pressure pipe opening e5 and a pressure pipe opening c8 which penetrate through the base, and the lower end of the soil storage bin c4 is connected with a first ball valve connecting thread b8 at the upper end of a ball valve shell b2 of the second part of the probe through a soil storage bin connecting thread c 3. The conical piston d0 moves up and down in the soil storage bin c4 through the piston rod d 1; the probe sealing base e2 and the probe outer cylinder c1 are connected together through threads, and the probe sealing base e2 is connected with the static touch probe 2 through probe connecting threads c 10. A certain space is reserved between the probe outer cylinder c1 and the soil storage bin c4 and is used for penetrating the pressure pipe b1 and placing the stepping motor b6 and the stepping motor lead b7. The third part of the probe is mainly used for connecting and placing the second part of the probe, protecting the internal components of the second part of the probe and collecting the sample soil body of the soil layer 12 containing the gas into the internal soil storage bin c 4.
Referring to fig. 7, the fourth part of the probe mainly comprises a piston rod d1, a conical piston connecting thread d2, a water inlet and outlet pore canal d3, a porous low air inlet value conical filter head d4, a conical piston lower part d5, a rubber sealing ring d6 and a conical piston upper part d7; the conical piston d0 comprises a conical piston lower part d5, a conical piston upper part d7 and a porous low air inlet value conical filter head d 4. Three rubber sealing rings d6 are sleeved in grooves on the outer surface of the conical piston d0, so that the surface of the conical piston d0 can be tightly contacted with the inner surface of the soil storage bin c4, and water leakage and air leakage are avoided. The inside at the upper portion d7 center of toper piston is provided with toper piston connecting screw thread d2 for screw up the lower extreme of fixed piston rod d1, and piston rod d1 can drive toper piston d0 and reciprocate in storing soil storehouse c4 under the exogenic action. The porous low air intake value conical filter head d4 is positioned at the lower end of the conical piston lower part d5 to form an integral conical piston d0. The lower part d5 of the conical piston and the upper part d7 of the conical piston are internally provided with water inlet and outlet pore channels d3 which penetrate through the upper surface of the conical piston and are communicated with the porous conical filter head d4 with low air inlet value, and the plane position of the water inlet and outlet pore channels d3 corresponds to a back pressure pipe opening e5 on the probe sealing base e 2. Thus, the deaerated water in the soil storage bin c4 can enter the water inlet and outlet pore canal d3 through the porous low air inlet value conical filter head d4 (permeable and impermeable), then enter the back pressure pipe e6 through the back pressure pipe opening e5 on the probe sealing base e2, and then flow into the back pressure chamber 9. The piston rod d1 is connected with the probe sealing base e2 of the fifth part of the probe through a piston rod opening c6, and the top end of the piston rod passes through the piston rod opening c6 and the clamp holder e1. The main function of the fourth part of the probe is to seal the upper port of the soil storage bin c4 and provide back pressure for the sample soil body and water passage for dissipation of the superhole pressure in the sample soil body. The porous low-air-inlet-value conical filter head d4 has the function of allowing water to pass through, but preventing air from passing through, and has the function of preventing water from passing through. The water inlet and outlet pore canal d3 on the conical piston d0 is in one-to-one correspondence with the position of the back pressure pipe opening e5 at the top of the soil storage bin, so that water in the soil body sample in the soil storage bin c4 can be discharged into the back pressure chamber 9 on the ground surface through the porous conical filter head d4 with low air inlet value and the back pressure pipe e6, and gas in the soil body sample in the soil storage bin c4 cannot be discharged.
Referring to fig. 8, the fifth part of the probe consists of a probe sealing base e2, a back pressure pipe e6, a probe outer cylinder c1, a soil storage bin c4, a piston rod d1, a pressure pipe b1, a lead b7 and a static sounding rod connecting thread e3, wherein: the probe sealing base e2 consists of a base body e7 and a clamp holder e1, wherein the clamp holder e1 is arranged in the center of the base body e 7. The top of the piston rod d1 passes through the holder e1 in the center of the probe sealing base e2, the holder e1 is opened or closed, and the piston rod d1 and the conical piston d0 connected with the piston rod d1 are controlled to move up and down in the soil storage bin c 4.
Referring to fig. 1, the static cone penetration device mainly comprises a static cone penetration instrument 1 and a static cone penetration rod 2. The static cone penetration tester 1 is arranged on the ground surface and mainly used for conveying the static cone penetration tester 2 to a designated gas-containing soil layer 12 with a probe 13; the static touch probe rod 2 is a tubular body with a length of 2-3 meters, the uppermost section of the static touch probe rod 2 is connected with the static touch probe instrument 1, and the lowermost section of the static touch probe rod 2 is connected with the probe 13. The counter-pressure tube e6, the pressure tube b1, the line 20 can be connected from inside the static feeler lever 2 through a circulation supply with the pressure line and the motor control system as shown in fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the pressure line circulation supply and motor control system is composed of a lead wire 20, a motor controller 16, a back pressure pipe e6, a pressure pipe b1, a body change pipe 4, a first pressure regulating valve 5, a second pressure regulating valve 6, a pressure reducing valve 7, a pressure source 8, and a back pressure chamber 9. One end of the wire 20 is respectively connected with the stepper motor wire b7 and the holder wire e4 (the stepper motor wire b7 is connected with the stepper motor b6, the holder wire e4 is connected with the holder e 1), the other end of the wire 20 is connected with the motor controller 16, and the motor controller 16 is used for controlling the opening and closing of the stepper motor b6 and the holder e1 of the probe 13; one end of the back pressure pipe e6 is connected with a back pressure pipe opening e5 on the probe sealing base e2, the other end of the back pressure pipe e6 is connected with the lower end of the back pressure chamber 9, the upper end of the back pressure chamber 9 is connected with the second pressure regulating valve 6 through the back pressure pipe e6, and the second pressure regulating valve 6 is connected with the pressure reducing valve 7 through the back pressure pipe e 6; one end of the pressure pipe b1 is connected with a pressure pipe connecting hole b10 at the upper end of the ball valve shell b2, the other end is connected with the lower end of the body change pipe 4, the upper end of the body change pipe 4 is connected with the first pressure regulating valve 5 through the pressure pipe b1, and the first pressure regulating valve 5 is connected with the pressure reducing valve 7 through the pressure pipe b 1. The pressure reducing valve 7 is connected to a pneumatic pressure source 8. The body change tube 4, the back pressure tube e6, the back pressure chamber 9 and the pressure tube b1 are filled with deaerated water, the body change tube 4 can display the level of the deaerated water, and the level of the deaerated water in the body change tube 4 can be changed under the pressure provided by the air pressure source 8; the air pressure source 8 can provide a certain pressure to the back pressure chamber 9 through the back pressure pipe e6, and the back pressure chamber 9 provides back pressure to the interior of the soil storage bin c4 through the back pressure pipe e 6.
The invention provides a portable in-situ gas content measuring device for a shallow gas-containing stratum, and also provides a measuring method based on the device, which is carried out according to the following working steps when in use:
1) The field probe 13 is assembled. First, the probe first part is assembled: the wedge opening thread a3 at the upper part of the wedge opening a1 of the first part of the probe is screwed with the second ball valve connecting thread b9 at the lower part of the ball valve housing b2 of the second part of the probe. Secondly, assembling a second part of the probe: one end of the pressure tube b1 is first connected to the pressure tube connection b10 on the ball valve housing b2, and the first gear b5 is then connected to the ball valve ball b3 by means of the connector b 11. Reassembling the probe third portion: aligning the probe outer cylinder connecting hole c2 at the lower part of the probe outer cylinder c1 with the wedge-shaped opening end connecting hole a2, installing a pin, and connecting the probe outer cylinder c1 with the wedge-shaped opening a 1; fixing a stepping motor b6 on a preset motor fixing hole c9 on the inner wall of the outer cylinder c1 of the probe, wherein a second gear b12 on the stepping motor b6 is just tightly meshed with a first gear b5 on a ball valve b 13; connecting the soil storage bin connecting thread c3 of the third part of the probe with the first ball valve connecting thread b8 of the second part of the probe; then, the probe fourth part is assembled: screwing and fixing a piston rod d1 on the upper part d7 of the conical piston, connecting a porous conical filter head d4 with a low air inlet value with the lower part d5 of the conical piston, connecting the upper part d7 of the conical piston with the lower part d5 of the conical piston, and sleeving a rubber sealing ring d6; mounting the pressure tube b1 to the pressure tube connection hole b10 at the upper portion of the ball valve b 13; penetrating the piston rod d1 and the conical piston d0 from the bottom of the wedge-shaped opening a1 along the inner axial direction, so that the upper end of the piston rod d1 penetrates through the piston rod opening c6 at the top of the soil storage bin c4 from the middle shaft of the soil storage bin c4, and the conical piston d0 connected with the lower end of the piston rod d1 is just positioned at the bottom of the wedge-shaped opening a 1; finally, assembling a fifth part of the probe: the holder e1 is arranged in the middle of a base body e7 on the probe sealing base e 2; the upper end of the piston rod d1 penetrates out of the middle part of the clamp holder e 1; the other end of the pressure tube b1 is penetrated out of a pressure tube opening c8 reserved on the probe sealing base e2, and a stepping motor lead b7 is penetrated out of a stepping motor line opening c5 on the probe sealing base e 2; the top of the soil storage bin c4 is fixed at the lower part of the probe sealing base e2, and the upper end of the probe outer cylinder c1 is screwed and fixed at the lower part of the probe sealing base e 2; connecting the lower end of the back pressure pipe e6 with a back pressure pipe opening e5 on the upper surface of the probe sealing base e 2; the holder wire e4 is connected to the holder on the probe sealing base e 2. The entire probe 13 is thus assembled.
2) The whole device is assembled. Firstly, a pressure pipe b1, a back pressure pipe e6, a clamp holder lead e4 and a stepping motor lead b7 penetrate through a hollow static touch probe 2, and the lower end of the static touch probe 2 is fixedly connected with a probe 13 through a static touch probe connecting thread e3 on a probe sealing base e 2; the stepper motor wire b7 and the gripper wire e4 are connected with the motor controller 16 through wires 20, respectively; manually adjusting the position of the conical piston d0 and controlling the gripper e1 to clamp the upper end of the piston rod d1 by opening the motor controller 16 by means of the gripper wire e4 connected to the motor controller 16, whereby the conical piston d0 is fixed at the foremost end of the entire probe 13; the upper end of the pressure pipe b1 is connected with the lower end of the body-changing pipe 4 and the first pressure regulating valve 5, the upper end of the back pressure pipe e6 is connected with the second pressure regulating valve 6 and the back pressure chamber 9, and the first pressure regulating valve 5 and the second pressure regulating valve 6 are connected with the air pressure source 8 through the pressure reducing valve 7;
3) The device is saturated. After the assembly of step 2), the pressure tube b1, the counter-pressure tube e6 and the entire probe 13 are saturated with deaerated water and the soil reservoir c4 is completely filled with deaerated water.
4) And measuring the gas content of the gas-containing soil body. After the probe 13 and the static cone penetration probe 2 are arranged on the static cone penetration probe 1, the penetration is started, and the speed is 1cm/s-2cm/s; stopping the penetration after reaching the position of 30cm inside the predetermined gas-containing soil layer 12; under manual operation, the air pressure source 8 and the second pressure regulating valve 6 connected with the back pressure chamber 9 are opened, the pressure is applied to the deaerated water in the back pressure chamber 9 by the air pressure source 8, and the deaerated water transmits the pressure through the back pressure pipe e6, so that the initial internal pressure of the soil storage bin c4 of the probe 13 is kept to be p o . Simultaneously, the holder e1 is closed by the motor controller 16, so that the piston rod d1 in the probe 13 is separated from the restraint of the holder e1 in the probe sealing base e2, and the conical piston d0 can move up and down in the soil storage bin c 4; the probe 13 is continuously and slowly penetrated into soil body downwards, the soil body of the gas-containing soil layer 12 is cut by utilizing the wedge-shaped opening a1, the conical piston d0 is pushed to move upwards by the soil body cut into the soil storage bin c4 in the soil storage bin c4, and original deaerated water in the soil storage bin c4 is extruded to pass through a back pressure pipe opening e5 at the top of the soil storage bin c4 and is retracted into the back pressure chamber 9 through the back pressure pipe e 6. When the penetration depth is equal to the length of the probe 13, the continued penetration is stopped. At this time, the upper surface of the conical piston d0 contacts with the top of the soil storage bin c4, and the water inlet and outlet hole d3 on the conical piston d0 is just in contact with the soil storage binc4 top counter-pressure tube opening e 5. Continuously controlling the stepping motor b6 through the motor controller 16, closing the ball valve ball b3, and cutting off the sample soil body entering the soil storage bin c4, so that the cut soil body sample is completely sealed in the soil storage bin c 4; because the low air inlet value conical filter head d4 at the lower part of the conical piston d0 is used for water passing and air passing, the excess pore water pressure generated by disturbance of the soil sample can be sequentially discharged into the back pressure chamber 9 through the low air inlet value conical filter head d4, the water inlet and outlet pore canal d3, the back pressure pipe opening e5 and the back pressure pipe e6 on the probe sealing base e2, and the gas in the soil sample is still sealed in the soil storage bin c 4. The deaerated water level in the counter-pressure chamber 9 to be connected to the counter-pressure tube e6 is stabilized, and the pressure in the counter-pressure chamber 9 is restored to p o Indicating that the water pressure of the super pore in the soil body sample is completely dissipated; the second pressure regulating valve 6 connected to the counter-pressure chamber 9 is closed, and at the same time the first pressure regulating valve 5 is opened, the initial reading of the record-size changing tube 4 is V 1 The additional pressure delta P is applied to the deaerated water in the body change pipe 4 through the air pressure source 8, so that the deaerated water in the body change pipe 4 enters the soil storage bin c4 through the pressure pipe connecting hole b10 on the ball valve b13, and the air in the soil sample in the soil storage bin c4 is compressed; when the level change of the deaerated water in the volume change pipe 4 is stabilized, the volume reading V of the liquid at this time is recorded 2 The difference of the liquid volume change recorded twice through the volume change tube 4 is obtained as DeltaV= |V 1 -V 2 The total volume of the gas in the soil sample can be calculated, and the specific calculation mode is as follows:
the temperature remains constant during the measurement of the volume of the gas, which decreases linearly if the pressure to which the gas is subjected is increased according to the Boy-Mariotte law; the total volume of gas in the soil sample entering the soil layer 12 in the soil storage bin c4 is thus calculated by:
V v ＝ΔV·k (1)
wherein:
V v is the total volume of gas in the soil body sample in the soil storage bin c 4;
DeltaV is the variation of the liquid volume in the volume-changing tube 4;
k is a gas volume correction factor;
k＝(p o +Δp)/Δp
wherein: p is p o Is the atmospheric pressure, delta P is the additional pressure applied in the soil storage bin c 4;
5) The specific implementation mode of equipment recovery is as follows: after the gas measurement is finished, the first pressure regulating valve 5 and the air pressure source 8 are closed, then the static cone feeler lever 2 is retrieved through the static cone feeler gauge 1, the probe 13 is unscrewed from the static cone feeler lever 2, the wedge-shaped opening a1 of the first part of the probe is disassembled, the ball valve b13 is opened, the lower end of the soil storage bin c4 is opened, the piston rod d1 is manually operated to press down, the soil sample is pushed out of the soil storage bin c4 by the conical piston d0, then the sample soil is tested in a laboratory, and the particle specific gravity d of the sample soil is measured by a conventional geotechnical test method s And dry weight ρ d The initial pore ratio e of the soil sample can be obtained; since the volume V of the soil storage bin c4 is known, the total volume V of pores in the soil sample in the soil storage bin c4 is obtained V Thereby obtaining the air content S in the soil body of the sample g The method specifically comprises the following steps:
porosity ratio e of soil:
wherein: e is the void ratio;
d s is the specific gravity of the soil particles,
ρ d is dry density ρ d The mass of soil particles in a unit volume of soil sample is measured by a drying method;
V V is the total volume of pores in the soil body sample in the soil storage bin c 4;
v total volume of soil storage bin;
the gas content of the gas in the soil body:
Wherein: s is S g Is the gas content.
6) The ball valve ball b3, the sealing washer b4 and other components are thoroughly inspected and cleaned, and each component of the probe 13 is removed, collected and assembled so as to be reused for next measurement of the gas content in the in-situ gas-bearing soil layer 12.
Claims (4)
1. A portable in-situ gas content measuring device for shallow gas-containing stratum is characterized in that: the portable in-situ gas content measuring device of the shallow gas-containing stratum comprises a probe (13), a static sounding device and a pressure pipeline circulation supply and motor control system; the probe (13) comprises a probe outer cylinder (c 1), a wedge-shaped opening (a 1), a ball valve (b 13), a ball valve opening driving device, a soil storage device, a conical piston (d 0) and a probe sealing base (e 2); the probe sealing base (e 2), the soil storage device, the ball valve (b 13) and the wedge-shaped opening (a 1) are sequentially connected from top to bottom to form an integral structure; the outer part of the integral structure is sleeved with a probe outer cylinder body (c 1); a conical piston moving channel is arranged in the integral structure along the axial direction of the integral structure; the probe sealing base (e 2) is connected with a conical piston (d 0) arranged in the conical piston moving channel through a piston rod (d 1); a hollow cylindrical cavity communicated with the conical piston moving channel is arranged in the wedge-shaped opening (a 1); the center of the probe sealing base (e 2) is provided with a clamp holder (e 1) penetrating through the probe sealing base (e 2), and the clamp holder (e 1) is used for limiting or opening a piston rod (d 1) to drive a conical piston (d 0) to lift in the hollow cylindrical cavity and in a conical piston moving channel; the static cone penetration device is connected with the probe sealing base (e 2); the ball valve opening driving device is connected with the ball valve (b 13) and drives the ball valve (b 13) to open or close the conical piston moving channel; the pressure pipeline circulation supply and motor control system is respectively connected with the ball valve opening driving device, the clamp holder (e 1) and the conical piston (d 0);
The wedge-shaped opening (a 1) is a truncated cone-shaped shell, and the bottom of the probe outer cylinder (c 1) is connected with the wedge-shaped opening (a 1); a hollow cylindrical cavity communicated with the conical piston moving channel is arranged in the wedge-shaped opening (a 1) along the axial direction of the wedge-shaped opening; the conical piston (d 0) extends out of the bottom of the wedge-shaped opening (a 1) and is connected with the probe sealing base (e 2) arranged at the top of the soil storage device through the piston rod (d 1);
the ball valve (b 13) comprises a ball valve shell (b 2), a ball valve ball body (b 3), a sealing gasket (b 4), a back pressure pipe connecting hole (b 10) and a connector (b 11); the ball valve shell (b 2) is provided with a conical piston moving channel; the ball valve ball body (b 3) is arranged in the ball valve shell (b 2); a sealing gasket (b 4) is arranged between the ball valve ball body (b 3) and the ball valve shell (b 2); the ball valve opening driving device is connected with the ball valve ball body (b 3) through a connector (b 11) and drives the ball valve ball body (b 3) to rotate; the ball valve ball body (b 3) seals or opens the conical piston moving channel when rotating; the ball valve shell (b 2) is provided with a pressure pipe connecting hole (b 10) communicated with the inside of the ball valve shell (b 2); the pressure pipeline circulation supply and motor control system is communicated with the pressure pipe connecting hole (b 10);
The soil storage device comprises a soil storage bin (c 4); the soil storage bin (c 4) is coaxial with the outer cylinder (c 1) of the probe; a conical piston moving channel is arranged in the soil storage bin (c 4) along the axial direction of the soil storage bin (c 4); the conical piston moving channel is equal in diameter to the hollow cylindrical cavity in the wedge-shaped opening (a 1); the probe sealing base (e 2) is arranged at the top of the soil storage bin (c 4) and is connected with a conical piston (d 0) arranged in the conical piston moving channel through a piston rod (d 1);
the conical piston (d 0) comprises a piston rod (d 1), a porous low-air-inlet-value conical filter head (d 4), a rubber sealing ring (d 6), a water inlet and outlet pore canal (d 3), a conical piston upper part (d 7) and a conical piston lower part (d 5); the upper part (d 7) of the conical piston, the lower part (d 5) of the conical piston and the porous conical filter head (d 4) with the low air inlet value are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the piston rod (d 1) is arranged in the upper part (d 7) of the conical piston and is fixedly connected with the upper part (d 7) of the conical piston; the outer surface of the upper part (d 7) of the conical piston and the outer surface of the lower part (d 5) of the conical piston are respectively provided with a rubber sealing ring (d 6); the water inlet and outlet pore canal (d 3) sequentially penetrates through the upper part (d 7) of the conical piston and the lower part (d 5) of the conical piston from top to bottom and then is communicated with the porous conical filter head (d 4) with a low air inlet value; the pressure pipeline circulation supply and motor control system is communicated with the porous low-air-inlet-value conical filter head (d 4) through the water inlet and outlet pore canal (d 3); the clamp holder (e 1) is connected with the piston rod (d 1) and limits or opens the conical piston (d 0) to lift in the hollow cylindrical cavity and in the conical piston moving channel through the piston rod (d 1);
The center of the clamp holder (e 1) is provided with a through hole of the piston rod (d 1); the probe sealing base (e 2) is also provided with a back pressure pipe opening (e 5) parallel to the penetrating hole of the piston rod (d 1); the outer edge of the probe sealing base (e 2) is provided with a static touch probe rod connecting thread (e 3); the probe sealing base (e 2) is connected with the static touch probe (2) through a static touch probe connecting thread (e 3); the probe sealing base (e 2) is connected with the probe outer cylinder (c 1) through threads.
2. The portable in situ gas content measurement device of a shallow gas bearing formation of claim 1, wherein: the ball valve opening driving device comprises a stepping motor (b 6), a first gear (b 5) and a second gear (b 12); the pressure pipeline circulation supply and motor control system is connected with the stepping motor (b 6) and drives the stepping motor (b 6) to be opened or closed; the step motor (b 6) is connected with the second gear (b 12) through the first gear (b 5); the second gear (b 12) is connected with the connector (b 11) and drives the ball valve ball body (b 3) to rotate through the connector (b 11).
3. The portable in situ gas content measurement device of a shallow gas bearing formation according to claim 2, wherein: the pressure pipeline circulation supply and motor control system comprises a body variable pipe (4), a first pressure regulating valve (5), a second pressure regulating valve (6), a pressure reducing valve (7), an air pressure source (8), a back pressure chamber (9), a motor controller (16), a back pressure pipe (e 6) and a pressure pipe (b 1); the motor controller (16) is respectively connected with the stepping motor (b 6) and the clamp holder (e 1) through a lead (20); one end of the pressure pipe (b 1) is connected to the air pressure source (8) through the body change pipe (4), the first pressure regulating valve (5) and the pressure reducing valve (7), and the other end of the pressure pipe is communicated with the pressure pipe connecting hole (b 10) on the ball valve (b 13); one end of the back pressure pipe (e 6) is connected to the air pressure source (8) through the back pressure chamber (9), the second pressure regulating valve (6) and the pressure reducing valve (7), and the other end of the back pressure pipe is communicated with a back pressure pipe opening (e 5) arranged on the probe sealing base (e 2).
4. A portable in situ gas content measurement method of a shallow gas bearing formation based on a portable in situ gas content measurement device of a shallow gas bearing formation according to any of claims 1-3, wherein: the portable in-situ gas content measuring method of the shallow gas-containing stratum comprises the following steps:
1) The assembly probe (13) is concretely realized by:
1.1 Assembling the first part of the probe: screwing the wedge-shaped opening thread (a 3) at the upper part of the wedge-shaped opening (a 1) of the first part of the probe and the second ball valve connecting thread (b 9) at the lower part of the ball valve shell (b 2) of the second part of the probe;
1.2 Assembling the probe second part: connecting one end of the pressure pipe (b 1) to a pressure pipe connecting hole (b 10) on the ball valve shell (b 2), and connecting the first gear (b 5) with the ball valve sphere (b 3) by using a connector (b 11);
1.3 Assembling the probe third part: aligning a probe outer cylinder connecting hole (c 2) at the lower part of the probe outer cylinder (c 1) with a wedge-shaped opening end connecting hole (a 2), installing a pin, and connecting the probe outer cylinder (c 1) with the wedge-shaped opening (a 1); fixing a stepping motor (b 6) on a preset motor fixing hole (c 9) on the inner wall of the outer cylinder (c 1) of the probe, wherein a second gear (b 12) on the stepping motor (b 6) is tightly meshed with a first gear (b 5) on the ball valve (b 13); connecting the soil storage bin connecting thread (c 3) of the third part of the probe with the first ball valve connecting thread (b 8) of the second part of the probe;
1.4 Assembling the fourth part of the probe: a piston rod (d 1) is screwed and fixed in the upper part (d 7) of the conical piston, a porous low-air-intake-value conical filter head (d 4) is connected with the lower part (d 5) of the conical piston, the upper part (d 7) of the conical piston is connected with the lower part (d 5) of the conical piston, a rubber sealing ring (d 6) is sleeved, and a pressure pipe (b 1) is installed on a pressure pipe connecting hole (b 10) at the upper part of a ball valve (b 13); penetrating the piston rod (d 1) together with the conical piston (d 0) from the bottom of the wedge-shaped opening (a 1) along the inner axial direction, so that the upper end of the piston rod (d 1) penetrates through the piston rod opening (c 6) at the top of the soil storage bin (c 4) from the central shaft of the soil storage bin (c 4), and the conical piston (d 0) connected with the lower end of the piston rod (d 1) is just positioned at the bottom of the wedge-shaped opening (a 1);
1.5 Assembling a fifth part of the probe: the clamp holder (e 1) is arranged in the middle of a base body (e 7) on the probe sealing base (e 2); the upper end of the piston rod (d 1) is penetrated out from the middle part of the clamp holder (e 1); the other end of the pressure tube (b 1) passes through a pressure tube opening (c 8) reserved on the probe sealing base (e 2), and a stepping motor lead wire (b 7) passes through a stepping motor wire opening (c 5) on the probe sealing base (e 2); the top of the soil storage bin (c 4) is fixed at the lower part of the probe sealing base (e 2), and the upper end of the outer probe cylinder (c 1) is screwed and fixed at the lower part of the probe sealing base (e 2); one end of a back pressure pipe (e 6) is connected with a back pressure pipe opening (e 5) on the upper surface of the probe sealing base (e 2); connecting the holder wire (e 4) with the holder (e 1) in the probe sealing base (e 2);
2) The portable in-situ gas content measuring device for assembling the shallow gas-containing stratum comprises the following specific implementation modes:
2.1 The pressure pipe (b 1), the back pressure pipe (e 6), the clamp holder lead (e 4) and the stepping motor lead (b 7) penetrate out of the hollow static touch probe (2), and the lower end of the static touch probe (2) is fixedly connected with the probe (13) through a static touch probe connecting thread (e 3) on the probe sealing base (e 2);
2.2 A step motor lead (b 7) and a clamp holder lead (e 4) are respectively connected with a motor controller (16) through leads (20); manually adjusting the position of the conical piston (d 0), and starting the motor controller (16) by using a lead wire (20) connected with the motor controller (16) to enable the control clamp holder (e 1) to clamp the upper end of the piston rod (d 1), so that the conical piston (d 0) is fixed at the forefront end of the whole probe (13);
2.3 The upper end of the pressure pipe (b 1) is connected with the lower end of the body-changing pipe (4) and the first pressure regulating valve (5); the upper end of a back pressure pipe (e 6) is connected with the lower end of a back pressure chamber (9) and a second pressure regulating valve (6), and the first pressure regulating valve (5) is connected with the second pressure regulating valve (6) through a pressure reducing valve (7) and an air pressure source (8);
3) Carrying out degassing water saturation on the portable in-situ gas content measuring device of the shallow gas-containing stratum assembled in the step 2), wherein the specific implementation mode is as follows: after the assembly of the step 2), the pressure pipe (b 1), the back pressure pipe (e 6) and the whole probe (13) are saturated with deaerated water, and the soil storage bin (c 4) is completely filled with deaerated water;
4) Measuring the gas content of the gas-containing soil body: after the probe (13) and the static cone penetration probe (2) are arranged on the static cone penetration probe (1), the penetration is started, and the speed is 1cm/s-2cm/s; stopping the penetration after reaching a position of 30cm inside the predetermined gas-containing soil layer (12); under manual operation, a second pressure regulating valve (6) connected with the air pressure source (8) and the back pressure chamber (9) is opened, the pressure is applied to the deaerated water in the back pressure chamber (9) through the air pressure source (8), and the deaerated water transmits the pressure through the back pressure pipe (e 6), so that the initial internal pressure of the soil storage bin (c 4) of the probe (13) is kept to be p o The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Closing the holder (e 1) through the motor controller (16) so that a piston rod (d 1) in the probe (13) is separated from the restraint of the holder (e 1) in the probe sealing base (e 2), and enabling the conical piston (d 0) to move in the soil storage bin (c 4); continuously and slowly penetrating the probe (13) downwards into soil, cutting the soil of the gas-containing soil layer (12) by utilizing the wedge-shaped opening (a 1), pushing the conical piston (d 0) in the soil storage bin (c 4) to move upwards by the soil sample cut into the soil storage bin (c 4), extruding original deaerated water in the soil storage bin (c 4) through a back pressure pipe opening (e 5) at the top of the soil storage bin (c 4), and discharging the deaerated water back into the back pressure chamber (9) through a back pressure pipe (e 6); stopping continuing the penetration when the penetration depth is equal to the length of the probe (13); the surface of the upper part (d 7) of the conical piston is contacted with the top of the soil storage bin (c 4), and the water inlet and outlet pore canal (d 3) on the conical piston (d 0) is just in butt joint with the back pressure pipe opening (e 5) positioned at the top of the soil storage bin (c 4); continuously controlling a stepping motor (b 6) through a motor controller (16), closing a ball valve ball body (b 3), and cutting off a sample soil body entering the soil storage bin (c 4), so that the cut soil body sample is completely sealed in the soil storage bin (c 4); because the low air inlet value conical filter head (d 4) at the lower part (d 5) of the conical piston is not excessively aerated, the excess pore water pressure generated by disturbance of the soil sample can sequentially permeate the low air inlet value conical filter head (d 4), the water inlet and outlet pore canal (d 3) and the back pressure on the probe sealing base (e 2) The pipe openings (e 5) and the back pressure pipe (e 6) are discharged into the back pressure chamber (9), and the gas in the soil body sample is still sealed in the soil storage bin (c 4); the deaerated water level in the counter-pressure chamber (9) to be connected to the counter-pressure pipe (e 6) is stabilized and the pressure in the counter-pressure chamber (9) is restored to p o Indicating that the water pressure of the super pore in the soil body sample is completely dissipated; closing the second pressure regulating valve (6) connected to the counter-pressure chamber (9), and simultaneously opening the first pressure regulating valve (5), the initial reading of the record-size changing tube (4) is V 1 The additional pressure delta P is applied to the deaerated water in the body change pipe (4) through the air pressure source (8), so that the deaerated water in the body change pipe (4) enters the soil storage bin (c 4) through the pressure pipe connecting hole (b 10) on the ball valve (b 13), and the air in the soil sample in the soil storage bin (c 4) is compressed; when the level change of the deaerated water in the volume change pipe (4) is stable, the volume reading V of the liquid is recorded 2 The delta V= |V is obtained by the change difference value of the volume recorded by the volume changing tube (4) twice 1 -V 2 The total gas volume in the soil sample of the gas-containing soil layer (12) can be calculated, and the concrete calculation mode is as follows:
assuming that the temperature remains constant during the measurement of the volume of the gas, according to the Boy-Mariotte law, if the pressure to which the gas is subjected is increased, the volume of the gas is linearly reduced; the total volume of gas in the soil sample in the soil bin (c 4) can thus be calculated by:
V v ＝△V·k (1)
Wherein:
V v is the total volume of gas in the sample soil body in the soil storage bin (c 4);
DeltaV is the variation of the liquid volume of the volume-changing tube (4);
k is a gas volume correction factor;
k＝(p o +△p)/△p
wherein: p is p o Is the initial back pressure and delta P is the additional pressure applied in the soil storage bin (c 4);
5) The specific implementation mode of equipment recovery is as follows: after the gas measurement is finished, the first pressure regulating valve (5) and the gas pressure source (8) are closed, then the static contact probe rod (2) is retrieved one by one through the static contact probe instrument (1), and the probe (13) is integrally fixed from the static stateThe force touch probe rod (2) is unscrewed, and the wedge-shaped opening (a 1) of the first part of the probe is disassembled; opening a ball valve (b 13), opening the lower part of the soil storage bin (c 4), manually pressing down a piston rod (d 1), and pushing out the sample soil from the soil storage bin (c 4) by using a conical piston (d 0); then, transporting the sample soil body to a laboratory, and measuring the particle specific gravity d of the sample soil body according to a common geotechnical test method s And dry weight ρ d The soil void ratio e of the soil sample can be obtained, and the total void volume V of the soil in the soil storage bin (c 4) is obtained as the volume V of the soil storage bin (c 4) is known V Thereby obtaining the air content S in the soil body of the sample g The method specifically comprises the following steps:
porosity ratio of soil:
wherein: e is the void ratio;
d s is the specific gravity of the soil particles,
ρ d Is dry density ρ d Is the mass of soil particles in a unit volume of soil sample;
V V is the total volume of pores of the soil body of the sample of the soil storage bin (c 4);
the total volume of the V soil storage bin (c 4);
the gas content of the gas in the sample soil body of the gas-containing soil layer (12):
wherein: s is S g Is the gas content (%).
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