CN109060657B - Exploration engineering soil expansion rate measuring method - Google Patents
Exploration engineering soil expansion rate measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109060657B CN109060657B CN201811075987.8A CN201811075987A CN109060657B CN 109060657 B CN109060657 B CN 109060657B CN 201811075987 A CN201811075987 A CN 201811075987A CN 109060657 B CN109060657 B CN 109060657B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/10—Measuring moisture content, e.g. by measuring change in length of hygroscopic filament; Hygrometers
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Abstract
A method for measuring the expansion rate of soil in exploration engineering features that under the condition of applying a certain upper load to soil sample and lateral limitation, the load expansion rate of expansive soil is determined, so reflecting the water-absorbing expansion strength of expansive soil and truly simulating the actual load state of roadbed.
Description
The invention is a divisional application of an invention patent entitled "a soil expansion ratio measuring device and measuring method" filed on 2016, 12, month and 17.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a soil measuring device, in particular to a device and a method for measuring the expansion rate of soil in exploration engineering.
Background
The expansive soil is a special cohesive soil which absorbs water, expands, softens, loses water, contracts and cracks. The characteristics of the expansive soil mainly comprise dilatability, hyperconjugability, fracture property, strength attenuation characteristic and the like. The particularity of the characteristics of the expansive soil engineering is that the expansive soil engineering absorbs water, expands and softens, loses water, contracts and cracks; the strength has large fluctuation amplitude along with the change of the water content, high peak strength and low residual strength; has super consolidation and crack properties. The expansive soil is used as a common special soil subgrade in subgrade engineering, and is frequently damaged by subgrade sinking and outward extrusion, subgrade slurry turning and mud pumping, landslide and the like under the combined action of water and traffic load.
The expansive soil in China is mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guangxi, Henan, Hubei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang, inner Mongolia, northeast and other areas. In the construction of these expansive soil regions, expansive soil is commonly used as a foundation for buildings and works. Because the expansive soil contains strong hydrophilic soil mineral components such as montmorillonite and illite, the expansive soil absorbs water to expand and is shrunk by dehydration, so that the phenomena of cracking and inclined damage of buildings, slippage and instability of slopes of excavated bodies and the like are caused, and great harm is caused to engineering buildings.
Therefore, in a certain sense, the expansive soil has no harm to engineering construction, and becomes a technical problem of light engineering construction on a shallow surface layer. The research on the engineering characteristics of the expansive soil is enhanced, the intrinsic deformation regularity of the expansive soil is summarized and discussed, and the method has very important economic significance and engineering practical value for engineering construction.
Among numerous expansion indexes of the expansive soil, the load expansion rate is the most significant item of engineering guidance, and the characteristic shows that the strength of water absorption expansion of the expansive soil is weak under certain overlying load and lateral limit conditions, so that the actual load state of the roadbed can be simulated more truly. Therefore, the research on the loaded expansion rate of the expansive soil has great engineering practical significance.
In the prior art, the swelling rate of swelling soil is generally measured by arranging a water permeable rock layer at the bottom in a water-containing container, arranging a soil sample on the water permeable rock layer, transferring water in the container into the soil sample through the water permeable rock layer, and measuring the swelling force or swelling rate of the soil after swelling the soil, such as shown in patent patents 201210390847.6, 201310311612.8 and CN201510059071.8 of Shanghai university, Beijing university of transportation and Shandong university, respectively.
However, in the above technical solutions of the prior art, it takes a long enough time for the water in the measuring container to permeate into the sample from the bottom or the top of the sample, and the measurement of the soil expansive force or the expansive force needs to be performed at a plurality of time nodes in the whole measuring period, and the water in the measuring container has not completely permeated into the sample for the early measuring nodes, so that the measured value cannot reflect the real physical parameters of the sample.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a soil sample expansion measuring device and a measuring method, which can reflect the real physical parameters of a sample to an early measuring node in soil expansion measurement.
As an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a soil expansion rate measuring apparatus for measuring a soil radial expansion rate, comprising: the device comprises a sealing base, a cutting ring, a fixed top plate and a water supply tank; the cutting ring is arranged on the sealing base; the soil sample is an annular soil sample, is coaxially arranged with the cutting ring, and the inner wall of the annular soil sample is tightly contacted with the cutting ring; the cutting ring comprises an upper half part and a lower half part, wherein the upper half part is a sealing structure, and the lower half part is uniformly provided with water permeable holes along the circumferential direction; the inside of the cutting ring is provided with a permeable stone, and the water supply tank supplies water to the inside of the cutting ring through a pipeline; the utility model discloses a soil sample, including the soil sample, but fixed roof sets up in soil sample top, including annular roof and the scalable pole II shape pole fixed with the annular roof, scalable pole II shape pole can pass through the bolt fastening in sealed base.
Preferably, the upper surface of the sealing base is provided with scale marks which take round points on the bottom surface of the cutting ring as zero points and extend from the left side to the right side.
Preferably, the inner ring of the annular top plate has the same inner diameter as the soil sample, and the outer diameter of the annular top plate is larger than the outer diameter of the soil sample.
Preferably, the outer diameter of the annular top plate is greater than 1.3 times the outer diameter of the soil sample.
Preferably, the soil is expansive soil.
Preferably, the inner surface of the cutting ring can be attached with filter paper.
Preferably, the height of the soil sample is lower than the height of the lower half part of the cutting ring.
Preferably, the cutting ring further comprises a plastic film, wherein the plastic film is used for wrapping the outer surface of the cutting ring and is higher than the cutting ring.
As another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of measuring the soil expansion ratio measuring apparatus, comprising the steps of: (1) preparing soil for testing; (2) wrapping the outer surface of the cutting ring with a plastic film, and preparing a test sample of the soil for the test on the sealing base through the cutting ring and an outer cutting ring with the diameter larger than that of the cutting ring; the prepared sample is an annular sample, and the inner wall of the annular sample is tightly contacted with the cutting ring; (3) attaching filter paper to the inner surface of the cutting ring; (4) adding a permeable stone into the cutting ring; (5) adjusting the height of the II-shaped rods to enable the fixed top plate to be in close contact with the top of the sample, fixing the fixed top plate through bolts, and determining the initial diameter of the outer ring of the soil sample; (6) injecting test water into the cutting ring through the water supply groove; (7) after the test water reaches the bottom of the cutting ring, pulling the plastic film wrapped on the outer surface of the cutting ring upwards to enable the bottom of the plastic film and the top of the sample to be located at the same height; (8) and recording the real-time diameter of the outer ring of the soil sample at specific time intervals until the sample expansion is finished.
Preferably, in the step (4), before the permeable stone is added into the ring cutter, a ring of annular pH test paper is arranged at the bottom of the inner wall of the ring cutter; in the step (6), the test water is acidic water or alkaline water; and (7) judging that the test water reaches the bottom inside the cutting ring according to the color change of the annular PH test paper.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step (9) of determining the expansion rate of the soil sample at each test time through the measurement value at each test time.
Preferably, in the step (9), the method for calculating the expansion rate of the soil sample at each test time includes: (Vt-V0)/V0, where V0 is the initial volume of the soil sample, V0 ═ pi (r)1 2－r2 2) h, Vt is real-time volume Vt ═ pi (r) of soil sample at test time tt 2－r2 2) h, wherein r1Is the initial radius of the outer ring of the soil sample, r2Is the radius of the inner ring of the soil sample, rtThe real-time radius of the outer ring of the soil sample at the test time t is shown, and h is the height of the soil sample.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be briefly described below by using embodiments, and it is obvious that the following description is only one embodiment of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other technical solutions can be obtained according to the embodiments without inventive labor, and also fall within the disclosure of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a soil sample expansion measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention for measuring a soil radial expansion rate includes: a sealing base 10, a cutting ring 20, a fixing top plate 30, and a water supply tank 40.
Wherein, the sealing base 10 is disposed at the bottom, and the cutting ring 20 is disposed on the sealing base 10. In the detection, the annular soil sample 50 is disposed on the sealing base 10, which is disposed coaxially with the cutting ring 20, and the inner wall of which is in close contact with the cutting ring 20. The annular soil sample 50 is prepared using the expansive soil to be detected. The upper surface of the sealing base 10 is provided with scale marks extending from the left and right sides with dots as zero points. Thus, the expanded outer diameter of the annular soil sample 50 can be determined by the scale lines.
The cutting ring 20 comprises an upper half portion 21 and a lower half portion 22, wherein the upper half portion 21 is a sealing structure, and the lower half portion 22 is uniformly provided with water permeable holes 23 along the circumferential direction. Preferably, since the water pressure increases with depth, the diameter of the water permeable holes 23 can be gradually increased from the bottom to the top of the lower half 22, so that each height of the sample penetrates a uniform amount of water. Preferably, the total area of the water permeable holes 23 stands between 20% and 40% of the area of the lower half 22, and preferably, the total area of the water permeable holes 23 stands 30% of the area of the lower half 22. In the detection, the filter paper 24 is attached to the inner surface of the cutting ring 20. A permeable stone region 25 is provided in the lower half 22 of the cutting ring 20, and a water supply tank 40 supplies water to the permeable stone region 25 of the cutting ring 20 through a pipe 41.
The fixed top plate 30 is disposed above the soil sample and includes a top plate 31 and a pi-shaped rod 32 fixed to the top plate 31. The pi-shaped bar 32 has two support bars fixed to the left and right of the top plate 31, respectively. The two support rods are telescopic rods, and the top plate 31 can be tightly attached to the upper surface of the annular soil sample 50 by adjusting the heights of the two support rods. The Π -shaped rods 32 can be secured to the seal base 10 by bolts 33. Among them, preferably, in order to make the measurement value of the radial expansion rate more accurate, the outer diameter of the top plate 31 may be set larger than the outer diameter of the soil specimen 50, for example, larger than 1.3 times the outer diameter of the soil specimen, so that the soil specimen is expanded only in the radial direction without deformation in other directions during the measurement.
The measuring method of the soil sample expansion measuring device provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: (1) preparing soil for testing; (2) wrapping the outer surface of the cutting ring 20 with a plastic film, and preparing a test sample of the soil for the test on the sealing base 10 through the cutting ring 20 and an outer cutting ring with the diameter larger than that of the cutting ring; the prepared sample 50 is an annular sample, and the inner wall of the annular sample is tightly contacted with the cutting ring 20; (3) attaching filter paper 24 to the inner surface of the cutting ring 20; wrapping the outer surface of the cutting ring 20 with a plastic film with the height higher than that of the cutting ring 20; (4) adding a permeable stone into the ring cutter 20, wherein the height of the permeable stone is lower than that of the lower half part 22 of the ring cutter 20; (5) adjusting the height of the II-shaped rods 32 to enable the fixed top plate 30 to be in close contact with the top of the sample 50, fixing the fixed top plate 30 through bolts 33, and determining the initial diameter of the outer ring of the soil sample 50; (6) injecting test water into the cutting ring 20 through the water supply groove 40; (7) after the test water reaches the bottom of the cutting ring 20, pulling the plastic film wrapped on the outer surface of the cutting ring 20 upwards to enable the bottom of the plastic film and the top of the sample 50 to be located at the same height; (8) at specific time intervals, the real-time diameter of the outer annulus of the soil sample 50 is recorded until the end of the expansion of the sample 50.
Preferably, in the step (4), before the permeable stone is added into the ring cutter 20, a ring of annular PH test paper is arranged at the bottom of the inner wall of the ring cutter 20; in the step (6), the test water is acidic water or alkaline water; in the step (7), it is judged that the test water reaches the bottom inside the cutting ring 20 according to the color change of the annular PH paper.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step (9) of determining the expansion rate of the soil sample 50 at each test time through the measurement value at each test time.
Preferably, in the step (9), the method for calculating the expansion rate of the soil sample 50 at each test time includes: (Vt-V0)/V0, where V0 is the initial volume of the soil sample, V0 ═ pi (r)1 2－r2 2) h, Vt is real-time volume Vt ═ pi (r) of soil sample at test time tt 2－r2 2) h, wherein r1Is the initial radius of the outer ring of the soil sample, r2Is the radius of the inner ring of the soil sample, rtThe real-time radius of the outer ring of the soil sample at the test time t is shown, and h is the height of the soil sample.
Through the embodiment of the invention, water in the measuring container can be uniformly permeated into the sample in the testing process of the expansive soil, so that the measured value of each time node in the measuring process is more accurate.
In summary, the embodiments of the present invention are described as merely providing the best mode, and the technical contents and features of the present invention have been disclosed, however, those skilled in the art may make various substitutions and modifications based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention; therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the technical contents disclosed in the embodiments, and therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the shape, the construction and the principle of the present invention are covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for measuring the expansion rate of soil in exploration engineering uses a soil sample expansion measuring device to measure the expansion rate of the soil in exploration engineering, and the device comprises a sealing base, a cutting ring, a fixed top plate and a water supply tank; the cutting ring is arranged on the sealing base; the soil sample is an annular soil sample, is coaxially arranged with the cutting ring, and the inner wall of the annular soil sample is tightly contacted with the cutting ring; the cutting ring comprises an upper half part and a lower half part, wherein the upper half part is a sealing structure, and the lower half part is uniformly provided with water permeable holes along the circumferential direction; the inside of the cutting ring is provided with a permeable stone, and the water supply tank supplies water to the inside of the cutting ring through a pipeline; the fixed top plate is arranged above a soil sample and comprises an annular top plate and a telescopic II-shaped rod fixed with the annular top plate, the telescopic II-shaped rod can be fixed on the sealing base through bolts, the inner ring of the annular top plate is the same as the inner diameter of the soil sample, the outer diameter of the annular top plate is larger than the outer diameter of the soil sample, and the height of the soil sample is lower than the height of the lower half part of the cutting ring; the method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing soil for testing; (2) wrapping the outer surface of the cutting ring with a plastic film, and preparing a test sample from the test soil on the sealing base through the cutting ring and an outer cutting ring with the diameter larger than that of the cutting ring; the prepared sample is an annular sample, and the inner wall of the annular sample is tightly contacted with the cutting ring; (3) attaching filter paper to the inner surface of the cutting ring; (4) a circle of annular pH test paper is arranged at the bottom of the inner wall of the cutting ring, and permeable stones are added into the cutting ring; (5) adjusting the height of the II-shaped rods to enable the fixed top plate to be in close contact with the top of the sample, fixing the fixed top plate through bolts, and determining the initial diameter of the outer ring of the soil sample; (6) injecting acid or alkaline test water into the cutting ring through a water supply groove; (7) after judging that the test water reaches the bottom of the interior of the cutting ring according to the color change of the test paper, upwards drawing a plastic film wrapped on the outer surface of the cutting ring to enable the bottom of the plastic film and the top of the sample to be located at the same height; (8) and recording the real-time diameter of the outer ring of the soil sample at specific time intervals until the sample expansion is finished.
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| CN201811075987.8A CN109060657B (en) | 2016-12-17 | 2016-12-17 | Exploration engineering soil expansion rate measuring method |
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| CN201611171409.5A CN106771068B (en) | 2016-12-17 | 2016-12-17 | A kind of exploration engineering soil property measuring device and measurement method |
| CN201811075987.8A CN109060657B (en) | 2016-12-17 | 2016-12-17 | Exploration engineering soil expansion rate measuring method |
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| CN108445182B (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2021-06-01 | 安徽省金田建筑设计咨询有限责任公司 | Test device for measuring expansive force of sulfate saline soil |
| CN108612073B (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2019-12-17 | 兰州交通大学 | High-speed railway foundation expansive soil expansion potential tester |
| CN109444390B (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2020-07-31 | 北京科技大学 | Method for measuring re-expansion rate of super absorbent resin in simulated crack |
| CN111766363A (en) * | 2019-03-31 | 2020-10-13 | 石河子大学 | High-precision soil dilatometer for roadbed filling |
| CN111896716B (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2024-09-10 | 陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司 | Experimental device and method for monitoring soil expansion and contraction characteristics |
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| CN106771068B (en) | 2019-05-17 |
| CN106771068A (en) | 2017-05-31 |
| CN109060657A (en) | 2018-12-21 |
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