CN102353623A - Farmland plow pan soil infiltration performance measuring device and method - Google Patents
Farmland plow pan soil infiltration performance measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- KQTVWCSONPJJPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N etridiazole Chemical compound CCOC1=NC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)=NS1 KQTVWCSONPJJPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of soil infiltration performance measurement, and discloses a farmland plow pan soil infiltration performance measuring device and a method thereof. The device provided by the invention comprises a constant flow water supply device, an infiltration ring, a draining container and two flow sensors, wherein the constant flow water supply device is connected with the infiltration ring through a first water pipe; the infiltration ring is connected with the draining container through a second water pipe; the constant flow water supply device is disposed on one of the flow sensors; and the draining container is disposed on the other flow sensor. According to a water balance principle, the invention brings forward the farmland plow pan soil infiltration performance measuring method and its corresponding measuring device. The method and the device can be conveniently applied in field tests. In addition, the device provided by the invention is convenient to carry, is simple to operate, can be used to obtain data instantly, and automatically operates under the control of a computer, thus saving a lot of time, manpower and material resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil infiltration performance measurement, in particular to a device and a method for measuring the soil infiltration performance of a plough bottom layer of an agricultural land.
Background
The plough bottom layer is formed by the deposition of the clay along with water when the plough is repeatedly compacted and rained for a long time in long-term cultivation, the structure of the plough bottom layer is mostly a sheet structure or a massive structure, the soil body is more stable, the soil structure is more compact, the volume is large, the total porosity is small, and the water permeability is weak. The plough bottom layer is very important in the hydrological process of the farmland and influences the rainfall infiltration, runoff and soil erosion intensity of the soil of the agricultural land. For slope farmland with a plough bottom layer with impermeable bottom layer or low infiltration capacity, the surface soil of the slope farmland can easily reach a saturated state due to poor infiltration capacity. Most rainfall is directly converted into surface runoff or sub-surface runoff to form larger runoff. The soil and nutrients on the surface of the earth and the soil and nutrients under the surface of the earth are strongly washed, eroded and leached by runoff, and silt and soil nutrients are greatly lost along with the runoff; however, for the slope farmland with better water permeability, the drainage capacity is obviously strong, and besides the surface depression of the rainfall in the slope farmland, the rest of rainfall infiltrates into the soil or forms surface runoff loss. When the surface runoff is large, the soil erosion capacity is strong, and the nutrient loss is correspondingly large. Thus, sloping fields with impervious plough beds have low infiltration with potentially severe soil erosion and loss of NPK, especially at higher initial soil water content.
At present, the stable infiltration rate of soil is measured by adopting an indoor measuring method, a cutting ring soil sample is used for testing, and the measurement in the field is difficult. The time consumption of the indoor test is long, and the data acquisition is slow; in the soil sample collection process, the soil structure is easy to damage; the area of the collected soil sample is small, the representativeness is poor, and the real infiltration condition of the field soil cannot be reflected.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the scheme for measuring the infiltration performance of the soil at the bottom layer of the agricultural plough is simple to operate, saves cost and facilitates field tests.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a measuring device for infiltration performance of soil at the bottom layer of an agricultural plough, which comprises a constant flow water supply device, an infiltration ring, a drainage container and two flow sensors, wherein the constant flow water supply device is connected with the infiltration ring; wherein,
the constant flow water supply device is connected with the infiltration ring through a first water pipe, the infiltration ring is connected with the drainage container through a second water pipe, the constant flow water supply device is placed on one of the flow sensors, and the drainage container is placed on the other flow sensor.
Preferably, the measuring device further comprises a computer, and the computer is respectively connected with the two flow sensors through data lines.
Preferably, the constant flow water supply device is a mahalanobis bottle.
The invention also provides a method for measuring soil infiltration performance by using the measuring device, which comprises the following steps:
s1, removing the soil above the plough bottom layer to expose the plough bottom layer, and inserting the infiltration ring into the soil of the plough bottom layer;
s2, adjusting the water supply flow of the constant flow water supply device to a set value, then starting measurement, during measurement, firstly injecting water into the infiltration ring to be close to a water outlet, and then introducing the water flow with the set value into soil in the infiltration ring through the first water pipe to start infiltration;
s3, part of the water introduced into the infiltration ring is used for soil infiltration, the water flow exceeding the soil infiltration is gathered in the infiltration ring, when the water level in the infiltration ring rises to the elevation of the overflow opening, the water in the infiltration ring begins to overflow from the overflow opening, and the overflowed water flows into the drainage container through the second water pipe;
in the measuring process, the computer simultaneously reads the readings of the two flow sensors according to a set time interval to obtain the water supply quantity in each time interval and the water discharge quantity in each time interval in the water discharge container in the constant flow water supply device, then the computer calculates the water supply flow quantity and the water discharge flow quantity in the measuring time interval according to the water supply quantity in each time interval and the water discharge quantity in each time interval, and further calculates the infiltration rate of the plough bottom layer.
Preferably, the computer calculates the water supply flow and the water discharge flow in the measuring time period according to the water supply amount and the water discharge amount in each time period, and further calculates the infiltration rate of the plough bottom soil as follows:
setting the infiltration rate of the plough bottom soil as i and the effective area of the infiltration ring as A, and at the moment t0，t1，t2，......，tnRespectively recording the water supply quantity Q in the constant flow water supply device0，Q1，Q2，...，Qn(ii) a The amount of water discharged in the drain container is Q'0，Q’1，Q’2，...，Q’nFrom which respective periods of time deltat are derivedj＝tj-tj-11, 2, corresponding to a water supply Δ Q in nj＝Qj-Qj-1The amount of discharged water is delta Q'j＝Q’j-Q’j-1And calculating the water supply flow and the water discharge flow in the jth time interval as follows:
water supply flow rate:
drainage flow rate:
obtained from water balance:
qij＝qj-q′j(3)
in the formula (3), qijThe net infiltration flow rate in the whole infiltration ring; the infiltration rate of the plough bottom layer in the jth time interval is calculated as follows:
substituting the formula (1), (2) and (3) to obtain:
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a method and a corresponding device for measuring the infiltration performance of the soil at the bottom layer of the agricultural plowing plow according to the water quantity balance principle, the method and the device can be conveniently applied to field tests, are convenient to carry and simple to operate, can obtain data in real time, can be automatically carried out under the control of a computer, and save a large amount of time, manpower and material resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Wherein, 1 March's bottle, 2 infiltration rings, 3 drainage containers, 4 flow sensor, 5 computer, 6 soil surface.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a measuring device for infiltration performance of plough bottom soil in agricultural land, which comprises a Mariotte bottle 1, an infiltration ring 2, a drainage container 3, two flow sensors 4 and a computer 5; wherein,
the Marble's bottle is connected with the infiltration ring through a first water pipe, the infiltration ring is connected with the drainage container through a second water pipe, the Marble's bottle is placed on one of the flow sensors, and the drainage container is placed on the other flow sensor. And the computer is respectively connected with the two flow sensors through data lines.
The invention also provides a method for measuring soil infiltration performance by using the measuring device, which comprises the following steps:
s1, removing the soil above the plough bottom layer to expose the plough bottom layer when the field test is carried out, leveling the exposed soil surface 6 of the plough bottom layer as much as possible when the soil above is excavated, and inserting the infiltration ring into the soil of the plough bottom layer (one end of the outlet pipe can be slightly lower than one end of the inlet pipe); soil is excavated at a proper position on one side of the water outlet of the infiltration ring, so that a container for accommodating and draining water is conveniently arranged in the space below the water outlet.
S2, adjusting the water supply flow of the Mariotte bottle to a set value, adjusting the flow to about 2L/h in the test, and then starting measurement, wherein during measurement, water is injected into the infiltration ring to be close to a water outlet, and then the water flow of the set value is introduced into soil in the infiltration ring through the first water pipe to start infiltration, namely water begins to infiltrate into the soil;
s3, part of the water introduced into the infiltration ring is used for soil infiltration, the water flow exceeding the soil infiltration is gathered in the infiltration ring, when the water level in the infiltration ring rises to the elevation of the overflow opening, the water in the infiltration ring begins to overflow from the overflow opening, and the overflowed water flows into the drainage container through the second water pipe;
in the measuring process, the computer simultaneously reads the readings of the two flow sensors according to a set time interval (5 min in the test), namely the water supply quantity in each time interval and the water discharge quantity in each time interval in the water discharge container in the constant flow water supply device are obtained, then the computer calculates the water supply flow and the water discharge flow in the measuring time interval according to the water supply quantity in each time interval and the water discharge quantity in each time interval, and further calculates the infiltration rate of the soil of the plough bottom layer. After the test is continued for a period of time, when the infiltration rate no longer changes significantly, the infiltration process is considered to be stable, and the test is stopped.
The computer calculates and obtains the water supply flow and the water discharge flow in the measuring time period according to the water supply amount and the water discharge amount in each time period, and then the process of calculating and obtaining the infiltration rate of the plough bottom layer soil is as follows:
let the infiltration rate of the plough bottom soil be i (mm/h, i.e. mm per hour), and the effective infiltration area (inner circle area, area of infiltration in the circle, in this experiment) of the infiltration ring be A (mm)2) In order to meet the requirement of calculating the infiltration rate, a constant Mariotte water supply flow q is set0(mm3The following conditions should be satisfied,/h):
q0＞iA(1)
at time t0，t1，t2，......，tn(h) Respectively recording the water supply quantity Q in the constant flow water supply device0，Q1，Q2，...，Qn(mm3) (ii) a The amount of water discharged in the drain container is Q'0，Q’1，Q’2，...，Q’n(mm3) From which respective periods of time deltat are derivedj＝tj-tj-11, 2, corresponding to a water supply Δ Q in nj＝Qj-Qj-1The amount of discharged water is delta Q'j＝Q’j-Q’j-1And calculating the water supply flow and the water discharge flow in the jth time interval as follows:
flow rate of water supply
Drainage flow rate:
obtained from water balance:
qij＝qj-q′j(4)
in the formula (4), qijThe net infiltration flow rate in mm in the whole infiltration ring3H; the infiltration rate of the plough bottom soil in the jth time interval is calculated as follows:
substituting the formula (2), (3) and (4) to obtain:
the apparatus and method of the present invention are verified using indoor simulation tests.
The compositions of the granules of the soil to be tested in the laboratory test are shown in the following table.
TABLE 1 analysis of soil particle composition
The indoor test simulates the actual measurement state of the local plough bottom layer, the soil moisture content is 20 percent, and the measured soil volume weight (1.56 g/cm)3) Filling soil, and the height is 5 cm. In order to simulate the condition of the plough bottom layer of the agricultural land cultivated by the furrow plough, after the soil is filled, the soil surface is scraped to be smooth by a tool.
The measuring device of the invention is used for measuring the change of the infiltration rate of the plough bottom soil along with time in an indoor simulation test, and the result shows that the change of the infiltration performance of the plough bottom soil along with time is very small and the plough bottom soil quickly approaches to a stable value, namely the stable infiltration rate of the plough bottom soil. The measured stable penetration of the plough base is shown in Table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, the infiltration rate of the subsoil is very low. The reason is that the soil layer is compacted by the plough bottom in the long-term cultivation process to form a stable and compact structure with small pores, so that the hydraulic conductivity of the soil is reduced, and the infiltration capacity is reduced.
TABLE 2 simulation test for stable penetration rate of plough base (mm/h)
The embodiment shows that the method and the device can be conveniently applied to field tests, are convenient to carry and simple to operate, can obtain data in real time, can be automatically carried out under the control of a computer, and saves a large amount of time, labor and material resources.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A measuring device for infiltration performance of soil at the bottom layer of an agricultural plough is characterized by comprising a constant flow water supply device, an infiltration ring, a drainage container and two flow sensors; wherein,
the constant flow water supply device is connected with the infiltration ring through a first water pipe, the infiltration ring is connected with the drainage container through a second water pipe, the constant flow water supply device is placed on one of the flow sensors, and the drainage container is placed on the other flow sensor.
2. The measurement device of claim 1, further comprising a computer, wherein the computer is connected to the two flow sensors by data lines, respectively.
3. A measuring device according to claim 2, wherein the constant flow water supply is a mahalanobis bottle.
4. A method for soil infiltration performance measurement using the measuring device of claim 2 or 3, comprising the steps of:
s1, removing the soil above the plough bottom layer to expose the plough bottom layer, and inserting the infiltration ring into the soil of the plough bottom layer;
s2, adjusting the water supply flow of the constant flow water supply device to a set value, then starting measurement, during measurement, firstly injecting water into the infiltration ring to be close to a water outlet, and then introducing the water flow with the set value into soil in the infiltration ring through the first water pipe to start infiltration;
s3, part of the water introduced into the infiltration ring is used for soil infiltration, the water flow exceeding the soil infiltration is gathered in the infiltration ring, when the water level in the infiltration ring rises to the elevation of the overflow opening, the water in the infiltration ring begins to overflow from the overflow opening, and the overflowed water flows into the drainage container through the second water pipe;
in the measuring process, the computer simultaneously reads the readings of the two flow sensors according to a set time interval to obtain the water supply quantity in each time interval and the water discharge quantity in each time interval in the water discharge container in the constant flow water supply device, then the computer calculates the water supply flow quantity and the water discharge flow quantity in the measuring time interval according to the water supply quantity in each time interval and the water discharge quantity in each time interval, and further calculates the infiltration rate of the plough bottom layer soil.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the computer calculates the water supply flow rate and the water discharge flow rate in the measuring time period according to the water supply amount and the water discharge amount in each time period, and further calculates the infiltration rate of the subsoil soil as follows:
setting the infiltration rate of the plough bottom soil as i and the effective area of the infiltration ring as A, and at the moment t0，t1，t2，......，tnRespectively recording the water supply quantity Q in the constant flow water supply device0，Q1，Q2，...，Qn(ii) a The amount of water discharged in the drain container is Q'0，Q’1，Q’2，...，Q’nFrom which respective periods of time deltat are derivedj＝tj-tj-11, 2, corresponding to a water supply Δ Q in nj＝Qj-Qj-1The amount of discharged water is delta Q'j＝Q’j-Q’j-1And calculating the water supply flow and the water discharge flow in the jth time interval as follows:
water supply flow rate:
drainage flow rate:
obtained by the principle of water balance:
qij＝qj-q′j(3)
in the formula (3), qijThe net infiltration flow rate in the whole infiltration ring; the infiltration rate of the plough bottom soil in the jth time interval is calculated as follows:
substituting the formula (1), (2) and (3) to obtain:
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103609220A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-03-05 | 南京市水利规划设计院有限责任公司 | Farmland operation method for reducing quantity of leakage water of soil |
| CN103884632A (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2014-06-25 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | Field monitoring system for infiltration property of wild hillside soil |
| CN105046073A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-11-11 | 西安理工大学 | Estimation method of slope surface earth surface depression storage amount |
| CN105738264A (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2016-07-06 | 中国农业大学 | Method for rapidly determining soil infiltration rate |
| CN105784560A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-07-20 | 西北农林科技大学 | Soil infiltration capacity measuring device and method based on simulated rainfall |
| CN107421874A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-12-01 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of horizontal seepage flow test device and its application method |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103609220A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-03-05 | 南京市水利规划设计院有限责任公司 | Farmland operation method for reducing quantity of leakage water of soil |
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| CN105046073A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-11-11 | 西安理工大学 | Estimation method of slope surface earth surface depression storage amount |
| CN105046073B (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2018-09-25 | 西安理工大学 | Slope ground surface fills out hollow amount evaluation method |
| CN105738264A (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2016-07-06 | 中国农业大学 | Method for rapidly determining soil infiltration rate |
| CN105784560A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-07-20 | 西北农林科技大学 | Soil infiltration capacity measuring device and method based on simulated rainfall |
| CN107421874A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-12-01 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of horizontal seepage flow test device and its application method |
| CN107421874B (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2023-10-10 | 湘潭大学 | Horizontal seepage test device and use method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20120215 |