CN109959598B - Seepage test method for drainage well at bottom of aquifer - Google Patents
Seepage test method for drainage well at bottom of aquifer Download PDFInfo
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- CN109959598B CN109959598B CN201910357327.7A CN201910357327A CN109959598B CN 109959598 B CN109959598 B CN 109959598B CN 201910357327 A CN201910357327 A CN 201910357327A CN 109959598 B CN109959598 B CN 109959598B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
Abstract
The invention discloses a seepage test method for a drainage well at the bottom of an aquifer, which comprises a fan-shaped hollow seepage sand box body only with an opening at the upper end, wherein sand bodies are filled in the seepage sand box body, a water level monitoring system is arranged in the seepage sand box body, the seepage sand box body comprises a front side plate, a rear side plate and an arc outer side plate, a pressure stabilizing groove is arranged at the edge of the seepage sand box body along the arc outer side plate, at least two groups of water inlets and water outlets with different heights are arranged on the arc outer side plate, a plurality of water permeable holes are arranged on the arc inner side plate, a fan-shaped drainage well is arranged in the seepage sand box body close to the circle center of the seepage sand box body, a drainage water port is arranged at the bottom of the drainage well, a saturated water inlet is arranged on the bottom surface of the seepage sand box body, and the drainage water inlet, the saturated water inlet, the water outlet and the water inlet are respectively connected with a water supply circulation system. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the characteristics of simple structure, strong applicability, economy and saving, and realizes the research on the seepage characteristic of the drainage well at the bottom of the aquifer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seepage of drainage wells at the bottom of a water-bearing stratum, and particularly relates to a seepage test method of a drainage well at the bottom of a water-bearing stratum.
Background
The development and utilization of underground space and energy resources deep below the ground is a main subject of human engineering activities in the 21 st century, China is the country with the most tunnels and underground engineering in the world, the fastest development and the most complex hydrogeology and structural form, and the complex hydrogeology conditions bring many difficulties to the underground engineering construction. The construction disturbance surrounding rock bodies of underground engineering form disturbance fractures of different degrees, and the penetration and communication of the disturbance fractures are important channels for forming disasters such as water inrush, sand inrush, mud inrush and the like, and form serious threats to engineering and life and property safety.
Advanced detection and drainage and depressurization of aquifers (bodies) are effective means for solving water inrush and sand bursting disasters in engineering construction under water. For the construction of deep underground engineering, the ground construction drilling is used for pumping, draining and depressurizing, the drilling depth is usually more than 800m, the time is long, the cost is high, and the upward construction of the inclined hole (the drilling length is usually less than 100 m) in the underground space is more economical and reasonable for dewatering and depressurizing the aquifer (body).
The oblique drainage hole enters the aquifer from the bottom of the aquifer, and water flow in the aquifer flows downwards by means of seepage gradient and self weight, so that the seepage rule is different from that of the pumping and drainage well on the ground in the traditional sense. The traditional Dipuit-Thiem formula suitable for the seepage rule of the pumping and drainage well on the ground is no longer suitable for calculating the seepage rule of the drainage well. In the aspect of seepage characteristics of the drainage well, the well diameter and the well length of the drainage well and the opening and closing of the bottom of the drainage well have obvious influence on the seepage characteristics of the drainage water, so that the arrangement scheme of the drainage well when the underground working surface is subjected to drainage and pressure reduction is influenced; however, no model and method suitable for researching seepage characteristics of drainage wells exist at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a seepage test method for a drainage well at the bottom of a water-bearing stratum, which aims to solve the problem that the traditional Dipuit-Thiem formula suitable for the seepage rule of a pumping drainage well on the ground is not suitable for calculating the seepage rule of the drainage well any more.
The object of the invention is achieved in the following way:
a seepage test method for a drainage well at the bottom of an aquifer comprises the following steps:
the test device is installed: firstly, connecting a water supply circulating system with a seepage sand box body, respectively clamping a drainage well, a sand body protection plate and the seepage sand box body, wherein the sand body protection plate is positioned on the outer side of a well pipe;
(II) sand body filling and water level monitoring system installation: filling the sand body in the seepage sand box body to a preset seepage sand body thickness, and synchronously installing a water level monitoring system;
(III) saturated consolidation of sand body: water is made to enter from a saturated water inlet at the bottom of the seepage sand box body, the sand body is gradually filled to a preset water level so as to gradually discharge air in the sand body upwards, a water drainage valve and a water supply circulating system are opened for more than 60 minutes, and residual air in the sand body is gradually discharged again through seepage circulation and is solidified; repeatedly saturating and adjusting the water supply circulating system for more than 3 times until air in the sand body of the seepage sand box body is fully discharged, the sand body is compactly solidified, and the boundary water level in a pressure stabilizing groove on the seepage sand box body is kept stable;
(IV) draining water seepage process: starting a water quantity monitoring system to acquire data, opening a drainage valve of a drainage well to enable water in the drainage well to seep outwards, keeping the boundary water level stable, supplying water to a circulating system for circulating water, synchronously monitoring the water level change of each water level monitoring point in a seepage sand box until the water level and seepage of each measuring point are stable, closing the drainage valve to keep the boundary water level stable, monitoring the water level recovery process and the boundary water supply quantity of each point, and when the water level of each water level monitoring point is completely recovered, closing the water quantity monitoring system and the water supply circulating system to stop the test;
and (V) replacing the drainage well: adjusting a water supply circulating system, draining water in the seepage sand box, and closing the water supply circulating system to replace the drainage well when no water seepage exists at a drainage water port of the drainage well;
and (VI) saturating and consolidating the sand body again: after the drainage well is replaced, the seepage sand body is saturated again by adopting the saturation method in the step (three), the saturation sand body is repeated for 2-3 times, and the water level of each water level monitoring pipe is checked whether the water level is abnormal or not after the saturation is finished;
(seventh) repeat the percolation experiment: and (3) after the new well pipe is replaced, carrying out seepage test according to the method in the step (four), after the seepage test is finished, continuously replacing the well pipe according to the method in the step (five), then saturating the sand body again according to the step (six), and repeating the step (five), the step (six) and the step (four) in sequence to develop a plurality of groups of seepage tests.
The step (I) specifically comprises the following steps: a water supply port of a water supply tank in the water supply circulating system is sequentially connected with a water supply valve, a water supply port flowmeter and a water inlet through a water supply pipe; connecting a saturated water inlet of the water supply tank with a saturated valve and a saturated water inlet at the bottom of the seepage sand box body through a saturated water pipe; connecting a water outlet of the pressure stabilizing groove with a water outlet flowmeter and a transfer case through a water outlet water pipe; connecting the transfer box with a transfer box water pump, a transfer box water drainage pipe and a water supply tank through a transfer box water suction pipe; connecting the detachable plugboard with the seepage sand box body through a detachable slot, and connecting a drainage water gap in the detachable plugboard with a drainage water valve and a drainage water gap flowmeter with a water collecting tank through a water drain pipe; connecting the water collecting tank with a water collecting tank water pump and a water collecting tank drain pipe with a water supply tank through a water collecting tank water pumping pipe; and (3) clamping the sections of the stainless steel fine wire mesh wrapped by the well pipe with the seepage sand box body through the drainage well slot, placing the well cover on the well pipe, and clamping the stainless steel filter screen wrapped by the sand body protection plate with the seepage sand box body through the sand body protection plate slot.
The step (II) specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of fixedly mounting a water level monitoring pipe integrated plate on a front side plate of a seepage sand box body, wrapping water level detection ends of the water level monitoring pipes with stainless steel filter screens respectively to prevent fine sand particles from entering, placing the water level detection ends of the water level monitoring pipes at the bottom layer at preset water level monitoring points in the seepage sand box body, filling, screening and flushing sand bodies, keeping the positions of the water level monitoring pipes unchanged when the sand bodies are filled, burying a second layer of water level monitoring pipes and filling the sand bodies again after a first layer of sand bodies is filled, repeating the steps until the thickness of the seepage sand bodies is preset, and connecting the other ends of all the water level monitoring pipes with the water level monitoring pipe integrated plate after penetrating through the front side plate.
For the confined aquifer test, after the sand body is filled, the movable sealing cover is covered and the permeable hole above the movable sealing cover on the inner side wall of the pressure stabilizing tank is blocked, and for the unpressurized aquifer, the movable sealing cover does not need to be covered.
The step (III) specifically comprises the following steps:
when the test is started for the first time, the water supply tank is placed at a position higher than the seepage sand tank body, the water supply valve, the saturation valve and the water drainage valve are closed, an external water source is used for filling water into the water supply tank until the water in the water collection tank meets the total seepage circulation water consumption, or the water collection tank is supplied with water through the external water source again at the later stage according to the requirement, the saturation valve is opened, water enters from a saturated water inlet at the bottom of the seepage sand tank body and is gradually filled with sand to enable air in the sand body to be gradually upwards discharged, then the external water source continues to supply water to the water supply tank, the water level of the water supply tank is observed to adjust the water supply amount of the external water source so as to keep the water level of the water collection tank at/to/at the height position of the water collection tank;
observing the water level in the seepage sand box body through a water level monitoring pipe integrated plate, closing a saturation valve, opening a water drainage valve and a water supply valve when the water level in the water collection box reaches the capacity/volume of the water collection box, closing an external water source, opening a water suction pump of the water collection box, observing the water level of the transfer box, opening the water suction pump of the transfer box when the water level of the transfer box exceeds/exceeds the capacity, maintaining the seepage state for more than minutes, and fully discharging the air in the sand body in the stable seepage area;
closing the drainage valve, the water supply valve, the water collecting tank water pump and the middle loading tank water pump, simultaneously opening the saturation valve, saturating to the preset water level again, closing the saturation valve, opening the drainage valve, the water supply valve, the water collecting tank water pump and the middle rotating tank water pump, and maintaining the seepage state for more than minutes;
repeating the saturation process for several times to fully discharge air in the sand body of the seepage sand box body, finishing compact consolidation of the sand body so as to enable permeability parameters of the sand body to be uniform and stable, closing the drainage valve, the saturation valve and the water collecting tank water pump, opening the water supply valve and the transfer tank water pump, and keeping the boundary water level in the pressure stabilizing tank stable.
The step (IV) specifically comprises the following steps: checking whether bubbles exist in each water level monitoring pipe or not, checking whether each water level monitoring point is abnormal or not, checking and ensuring that a water supply valve is in an open state and a water saturation port valve is in a closed state, keeping the boundary water level in a pressure stabilizing tank stable, placing a digital camera, starting recording the water level on a water level monitoring pipe integrated board by the digital camera, starting acquiring data by a water supply port flowmeter, a water outlet flowmeter and a drain port flowmeter, opening a drainage water valve and a water collecting tank water pump, keeping a water supply circulating system to supply water circularly, closing the drainage water valve when the water amount at the drain port flowmeter is stable and the water level of each water level monitoring pipe displayed on the water level monitoring pipe integrated board is stable, monitoring the water level recovery process and the boundary compensation water supply amount of each water level monitoring point in a sand box, and closing the water supply valve and a transfer box water pump when the water level of each water level monitoring point is completely recovered, And stopping the test by the digital camera, each flowmeter and the flowmeter data acquisition device.
The step (V) specifically comprises the following steps: checking and ensuring that a water supply valve and a water saturation port valve are in a closed state, opening a water drainage valve and a water collection tank water pump, draining water in a seepage flow sand box, closing the water collection tank water pump when no water seeps from a drainage port, placing a container below a disassembly insertion plate, pulling out the disassembly insertion plate, enabling sand bodies on the inner side of a sand body protection plate to flow into the container, taking down a seepage well pipe and a well cover in sections, and cleaning residual sand bodies on the inner side of the sand body protection plate; inserting and disassembling the plugboard, installing new seepage well pipes and well covers in sections, filling the sand flowing out of the inner sides of the sand body protection plates into the new well pipes and the surrounding space of the well covers again, laying water level monitoring pipes on the inner sides of the sand body protection plates in a layering mode in the process of filling the sand bodies, and finishing the replacement of the new well pipes when the filling amount is kept level with the sand bodies on the outer sides of the sand body protection plates.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the seepage test model device of the drainage well at the bottom of the aquifer is designed for the first time, and the blank of a research device of the drainage test at the bottom of the aquifer is made up;
2. the cross section of the seepage flow sand box body and the cross section of the drainage well in the test model device are both fan-shaped, so that the material, the test sand body and the test time of the test device are saved;
3. the method can be used for researching seepage characteristics of drainage wells with different well diameters and well lengths; by arranging the sand body protection plate and disassembling the inserting plate, the well casing of the drainage well adopts a sectional design, so that the well casing is convenient to replace, the consolidated sand body on the rear side of the sand body protection plate is not disturbed in the well casing replacing process, and the stability of seepage parameters of the seepage sand body and the accuracy of a test result are improved;
4. a circulating water supply system is adopted, so that water resources are saved; flowmeters are arranged at a water inlet, a water outlet and a drainage water inlet of a pressure stabilizing groove on the seepage sand box body, so that the quantitative relation between static reserve supply and dynamic reserve supply in the unstable seepage stage of a drainage well can be synchronously and accurately monitored;
5. the test model device can be used for researching the influence relation of factors such as well length, well diameter, aquifer thickness, pore water pressure and the like on the seepage characteristics of the incomplete drainage well, and provides a physical model research foundation for establishing a deep aquifer bottom drainage well seepage model and a theoretical calculation equation, defining the limit well length of the deep aquifer bottom drainage well, providing a method for testing aquifer hydrological and geological parameters by adopting a drainage test, deducing a related theoretical formula and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall view of a model apparatus for a seepage test according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a top view of the seepage sand box of FIG. 1.
Figure 3 is a schematic view of a well tubular.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the well lid.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the disassembled plugboard.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the sand protection plate.
In the figure: 1-a seepage sand box body; 2-well cover; 3-well tubing; 4-draining the water gap; 5, disassembling the slot; 6, disassembling the plugboard; 7-sand body protection plate; 8-dredging and draining water well slot; 9-sand protection plate slot; 10-movable sealing cover; 11-a wheel; 12-a pressure stabilizing tank; 13-a water inlet; 14-a water outlet; 15-a water outlet flow meter; 16-a water outlet pipe; 17-a saturated water pipe; 18-water supply port flow meter; 19-water supply valve; 20-a saturation valve; 21-a water supply tank; 22-transfer box drain pipe; 23-a water pump of the transfer box; 24-a water pumping pipe of the transfer box; 25-a water supply pipe; 26-water collecting tank drain pipe; 27-a digital camera; 28-drainage water valve; 29-drain port flow meter; 30-a water discharge pipe; 31-water tank water pumping pipe; 32-water tank suction pump; 33-a water collection tank; 34-a saturated water inlet; 35-water level monitoring pipe integrated plate; 36-a transfer box; 37-water supply port; 38-supply tank saturated water inlet; 39-arc inner side plate; 40-arc outer panels; 41-rear side plate; 42-front side plate; 43-a hollow tube; 44-a collection device; 45-computer; 46-water level monitoring points; 47-water level monitor pipe.
Detailed Description
As shown in figures 1-6, a seepage test model device of a drainage well at the bottom of an aquifer comprises a fan-shaped hollow seepage sand box body 1 with an opening only at the upper end, the seepage sand box body 1 is filled with sand bodies and can also be filled with other various required materials, a water level monitoring system is arranged in the seepage sand box body 1, the seepage sand box body 1 comprises a front side plate 42, a rear side plate 41 and an arc outer side plate 40, the edge of the seepage sand box body 1 is provided with a pressure stabilizing groove 12 along the arc outer side plate 40, the arc outer side plate 40 of the pressure stabilizing groove 12 is provided with at least two groups of water inlets 13 and water outlets 14 with different heights, the water inlets 13 and the water outlets 14 in figure 1 are four groups in total and can be used for setting boundary water heads with different heights, the arc inner side plate 39 of the pressure stabilizing groove 12 is provided with a plurality of water permeable holes (not shown in the figures), and a fan-shaped drainage well is arranged in the seepage sand box body 1 near the center of the circle, the bottom of the drainage well is provided with a drainage water port 4 for draining water flow seeping into the drainage well, the bottom surface of the seepage sand box body 1 is provided with a saturated water inlet 34, and the drainage water port 4, the saturated water inlet 34, the water inlet 13 and the water outlet 14 are respectively connected with a water supply circulation system. The above-mentioned surge tank 12 is composed of an inner side plate and an outer side plate. The two saturated water inlets 34 are uniformly distributed in the middle of the bottom plate of the seepage flow sand box body 1, and the two saturated water inlets 34 are connected in parallel and connected with a water supply circulating system.
Preferably, the drainage well includes well casing 3, has seted up the high density hole of permeating water on the 3 walls of well casing, as shown in fig. 3, thereby preceding curb plate 42 and 41 inside walls of posterior lateral plate are close to seepage flow sand box 1 centre of a circle position and are provided with drainage well slot 8 respectively, thereby well casing 3 inserts in drainage well slot 8 the joint on seepage flow sand box 1, well lid 2 has been placed at drainage well top, and well lid 2 can be according to the experimental needs, for water permeability well lid or non-water permeability well lid. Have the high density hole of permeating water on the well lid 2 of water permeability, well casing 3 and the well lid 2 outside of permeating water all wrap up and have stainless steel high density filament filter screen to it is inboard to prevent that fine grain sand granule from flowing into well casing 3. The drainage well slot 8 is U-shaped, which is convenient for mounting or dismounting the well pipe 3.
In order to facilitate the dismantlement, change well casing 3, 3 bottoms of well casing are equipped with the horizontally dismantlement picture peg 6 that is used for supporting well casing 3, seepage flow sand box 1 bottom is close to its centre of a circle position and has seted up dismantlement slot 5, and the one end of dismantling picture peg 6 is through inserting and dismantle 5 internal fixation on seepage flow sand box 1 in the slot, the drainage mouth of a river 4 sets up on dismantling picture peg 6, and well casing 3 and well lid 2, preceding curb plate 42, posterior lateral plate 41, dismantle picture peg 6 and form sectorial drainage well, the size of dismantling picture peg 6 is slightly more than the required biggest drainage well's of research cross section size to be adapted to the well casing 3 of different well footpaths. During installation, the well pipe 3 is directly placed on the dismounting spile 6.
The structure of the disassembling plug board 6 is shown in fig. 5, fig. 1 and fig. 2, one end of the disassembling plug board 6 extends outwards along the seepage sand box body 1, and the extending end is a pull ring (not marked in the figure), so that when the well pipe 3 is disassembled, only the disassembling plug board 6 is pulled outwards through the pull ring, and the well pipe 3 gradually falls due to self weight, thereby being disassembled in sections. The dismounting inserting slot 5 is a U-shaped slot with a left opening (i.e. the left side as viewed in fig. 2), and the opening depth of the U-shaped slot is preferably matched with the well pipe 3 to fix the dismounting inserting plate 6 in a horizontal state.
In order to cause only a small part of seepage sand bodies to be disturbed when the well pipe 3 is replaced, sand body protection plate slots 9 are respectively arranged on the inner side walls of the front side plate 42 and the rear side plate 41 and close to the circle center of the seepage sand box body 1, the sand body protection plate slots 9 are positioned on one side of the drainage well slots 8 far away from the circle center, sand body protection plates 7 are clamped in the sand body protection plate slots 9, and the distance between the sand body protection plates 7 and the circle center of the seepage sand box body 1 is larger than the radius of the largest drainage well to be researched and is slightly larger than the radius of the largest drainage well to be researched. When the well pipe 3 is replaced, only the seepage sand body on the inner side of the sand body protection plate 7 is disturbed, and the seepage sand body on the outer side of the sand body protection plate 7 is not influenced. The sand body protection plate 7 is a stainless steel grating with high overall strength and customized height as required, and is wrapped by a stainless steel high-density filament filter screen on the outer side to prevent fine sand body from flowing out when the well pipe 3 is detached as shown in fig. 6.
In order to adjust the well length conveniently and to disassemble, the well pipe 3 is composed of a plurality of sections of sub pipes, and the arc length of the sub pipes is consistent with that of the well pipe 3, as shown in fig. 3.
In order to adjust the hole diameter and further study the influence of the hole diameter on the seepage, the drainage well slots 8 are respectively arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the front side plate 42 and the rear side plate 41.
Preferably, a movable sealing cover 10 is arranged at the upper part of the seepage sand box body 1, the outer contour dimension of the movable sealing cover 10 is consistent with the inner contour dimension of the seepage sand box body 1, and a rubber sealing strip (not shown in the figure) is bonded on the edge of the movable sealing cover 10; wheels 11 are arranged on the bottom surface of the seepage sand box body 1. The movable sealing cover 10 can be vertically adjusted in the seepage sand box body 1 and fixed at a preset height.
Further, the water level monitoring system comprises a water level monitoring pipe integrated plate 35 and a plurality of water level monitoring pipes 47, a digital camera 27 for monitoring the water level changes of the water level monitoring pipes 47 in real time and synchronously is arranged outside the water level monitoring pipe integrated plate 35, the water level monitoring pipe integrated plate 35 is fixedly arranged on the outer side surface of the front side plate 42, the water level monitoring pipes 47 are buried in the seepage sand box body 1 in a layered mode according to the arrangement condition of water level monitoring points, the water level detection ends of the water level monitoring pipes 47 are located on the preset water level monitoring points, and the other ends of the water level monitoring pipes penetrate through the front side plate 42 and are integrated on the water level monitoring pipe integrated plate 35. The digital camera 27 synchronously monitors the water head change of each water level monitoring pipe 47 in real time through the water level monitoring pipe integrated board 35.
Furthermore, the water level monitoring pipe integrated board 35 includes an integrated board body (not marked in the figure), vertical hollow pipes 43 are arranged on the integrated board body at intervals, scales are marked on the hollow pipes 43 along the vertical direction, the number of the hollow pipes 43 is equal to or greater than that of the water level monitoring pipes 47, and the other ends of the water level monitoring pipes 47 are communicated with the bottoms of the hollow pipes 43. The water level inside the seepage sand tank 1 can be monitored by the water level inside the hollow pipe 43.
Further, the water supply circulating system comprises a water supply tank 21, a transfer tank 36 and a water collection tank 33, the water supply tank 21 is connected with a water collection tank drain pipe 26, the water collection tank drain pipe 26 is connected with a water collection tank water pump 32, the water collection tank water pump 32 is connected with a water collection tank water pumping pipe 31, the water collection tank water pumping pipe 31 is connected with the water collection tank 33, the water supply tank 21 is also connected with a transfer tank drain pipe 22, the transfer tank water pumping pipe 22 is connected with a transfer tank water pump 23, the transfer tank water pump 23 is connected with a transfer tank water pumping pipe 24, and the transfer tank water pumping pipe 24 is connected with the transfer tank 36;
the water supply tank 21 is connected with a water supply pipe 25 and a saturated water pipe 17, the water supply pipe 25 is communicated with the water inlet 13, the water supply pipe 25 is provided with a water supply valve 19, the saturated water pipe 17 is communicated with a saturated water inlet 34, and the saturated water pipe 17 is provided with a saturated valve 20; the transfer box 36 is connected with a water outlet pipe 16, and the water outlet pipe 16 is communicated with the water outlet 14; the water collecting tank 33 is connected with a water discharging pipe 30, the water discharging pipe 30 is communicated with the water discharging port 4, and the water discharging pipe 30 is provided with a water discharging valve 28. The water supply tank 21 is provided with a water supply port 37 for connection to the water supply pipe 25, and a water supply tank saturation water inlet port 38 for connection to the saturation water pipe 17.
The water supply tank 21 in the water supply circulating system is divided into two channels to be connected with the seepage sand box body 1, one channel is communicated with the water inlet 13 of the pressure stabilizing groove 12 in the seepage sand box body 1 through a water supply pipe 25, and the other channel is communicated with the saturation port 34 of the seepage sand box body 1 through a saturated water pipe 17; wherein, the water supplied to the pressure stabilizing tank 12 by the water supply tank 21 is circularly collected to the water supply tank 21 by two paths, one path of water is connected with the transit box 36 through the water outlet 14 of the pressure stabilizing tank 12 of the seepage sand tank body 1 by the water discharge pipe 16, the transit box 36 is connected with the water supply tank 21 through the transit box water suction pipe 24 of the transit box 36, the transit box water suction pump 23 and the transit box water discharge pipe 22, and the seepage circulation is formed; the other path is connected with a water collecting tank 33 through a water draining pipe 30 via a water draining port 4 of the seepage sand box body 1, and the water collecting tank 33 is connected with the water supply tank 21 through a water collecting tank water pumping pipe 31, a water collecting tank water pumping pump 32 and a water collecting tank water draining pipe 26 to form seepage circulation.
In order to facilitate the monitoring and research of water quantity, a water quantity monitoring system is arranged on the water supply circulating system, the water quantity monitoring system consists of a water supply opening flowmeter 18, a water outlet flowmeter 15, a drain opening flowmeter 29, a data acquisition device 44 and a computer 45, the water supply opening flowmeter 18, the water outlet flowmeter 15 and the drain opening flowmeter 29 are respectively connected with the data acquisition device 44, the data acquisition device 44 is connected with the computer 45, the data acquisition device 44 transmits data to the computer 45, the water supply opening flowmeter 18 is installed on the water supply pipe 25, the water outlet flowmeter 15 is installed on the water outlet pipe 16, and the drain opening flowmeter 29 is installed on the drain pipe 30. The data acquisition device 44 is conventional and will not be described in detail herein.
Wherein, the water supply port flowmeter 18 in the water amount monitoring system monitors the total water supply amount during the seepage test of the water supply tank 21Q For supplying toThe water outlet flowmeter 15 monitors the water flow in the pressure stabilizing process of the pressure stabilizing tank 12Q Go outThe water outlet flowmeter 29 is used for monitoring the drainage water amount of the seepage sand box body 1 in the drainage water testQ PutDynamic supply of the pressure stabilizing tank 12 to the seepage sand box body 1 in the drainage test processQ Movable part=Q For supplying to-Q Go outIn the unsteady seepage stage, the drainage quantityQ PutIncluding dynamic replenishmentQ Movable partAnd static reserve supplyQ Quiet，Q Quiet=Q Put-Q Movable part=Q Put-Q For supplying to+Q Go outThe flow monitoring system of the device can monitor the dynamic and static reserve supply amount in the unstable seepage stage in real time;
the invention also provides a test method of the seepage test model device of the drainage well at the bottom of the aquifer, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (I) installing a seepage test model device of a drainage well at the bottom of a water-containing layer:
as shown in fig. 1, a water supply circulation system is connected with a seepage sand box body 1, a stainless steel fine wire mesh wrapped by a well pipe 3 is clamped with the seepage sand box body 1 in sections through a drainage well slot 8, a well cover 2 is placed on the well pipe 3, and a sand body protection plate 7 wraps a stainless steel filter screen and is clamped with the seepage sand box body 1 through a sand body protection plate slot 9;
(II) installing a water level monitoring system and filling sand:
fixedly mounting the water level monitoring pipe integrated plate 35 on a front side plate 42 of the seepage sand box body 1, respectively wrapping the water level detection ends of the water level monitoring pipes 47 by using a stainless steel filter screen to prevent fine sand particles from entering, placing the water level detection ends of the water level monitoring pipes 47 at the bottom layer into preset water level monitoring points in the seepage sand box body 1, namely water level monitoring points 46 distributed along a bisector of a bottom plate angle of the seepage sand box body 1, as shown in fig. 2, then filling screened and washed sand bodies, keeping the positions of the water level monitoring pipes 47 still when the sand bodies are filled, burying the water level monitoring pipes 47 at the second layer and filling the sand bodies again after the first layer of sand bodies are filled, repeating the steps to the preset seepage sand body thickness, and connecting the other ends of all the water level monitoring pipes 47 with the water level monitoring pipe integrated plate 35 after penetrating through the front side plate 42;
for the confined aquifer test, after the sand body is filled, the movable sealing cover 10 is covered and the permeable holes above the movable sealing cover 10 on the inner side wall of the pressure stabilizing tank 12 are blocked, and for the unpressurized aquifer, the movable sealing cover 10 does not need to be covered;
and (III) sand saturation consolidation process:
when the test is started for the first time, the water supply tank 21 is placed at a position which is higher than the seepage sand box body 1 by a certain distance, the water supply valve 19, the saturation valve 20 and the water drainage valve 28 are closed, the water supply tank 21 is filled with water by using an external water source until the water in the water collection tank 33 meets the total seepage circulation water consumption, or the water collection tank is replenished with water by using the external water source at the later stage according to the requirement, the saturation valve 20 is opened, the water enters from the saturation water inlet 34 at the bottom of the seepage sand box body 1, the sand body is gradually filled to enable the air in the sand body to be gradually discharged upwards, then the external water source continues to supply water to the water supply tank 21, the water level of the water supply tank 21 is observed, and the water supply amount of the external water source is adjusted to keep the water level of the water collection tank 33 at the height position of the water collection tank from 1/2 to 3/4; observing the water level in the seepage sand box body 1 through a water level monitoring pipe integrated plate 35, closing a saturation valve 20 and opening a water drainage valve 28 and a water supply valve 19 when the water level in a water collection tank 33 reaches 1/2 of the capacity of the water collection tank, closing an external water source, opening a water collection tank water pump 32, observing the water level in a transfer box 36, opening the transfer box water pump 23 when the water level in the transfer box 36 exceeds 1/2 of the capacity, and maintaining the seepage state for more than 60 minutes to fully discharge the air in the sand in a stable seepage area; closing the drainage water valve 28, the water supply valve 19, the water collection tank water pump 32 and the transfer tank water pump 23, simultaneously opening the saturation valve 20, saturating to the preset water level again, closing the saturation valve 20, opening the drainage water valve 28, the water supply valve 19, the water collection tank water pump 32 and the transfer tank water pump 23, and maintaining the seepage state for more than 60 minutes;
repeating the saturation process for 4-5 times to fully discharge air in the sand body of the seepage sand box body 1, finishing compact consolidation of the sand body so as to enable permeability parameters of the sand body to be uniform and stable, closing the drainage water valve 28, the saturation valve 20 and the water collecting tank water pump 32, opening the water supply valve 19 and the transfer box water pump 23, and keeping the boundary water level in the pressure stabilizing tank 12 stable;
(IV) draining water seepage process:
checking whether bubbles exist in each water level monitoring pipe 47, whether each water level monitoring point is abnormal or not, checking and ensuring that the water supply valve 19 is in an open state and the saturation valve 20 is in a closed state, keeping the boundary water level in the pressure stabilizing tank 12 stable, placing the digital camera 27, starting recording the water level on the water level monitoring pipe integrated plate 35 by the digital camera 27, starting acquiring data by the water supply inlet flowmeter 18, the water outlet flowmeter 15 and the drain flowmeter 29, opening the drainage valve 28 and the water collecting tank suction pump 32, keeping the water supply circulating system, closing the drainage valve 28 when the water amount at the drain flowmeter 29 is stable and the water level of each water level monitoring pipe 47 displayed on the water level monitoring pipe integrated plate 35 is stable, monitoring the water level recovery process and the boundary water supply amount of each water level monitoring point in the seepage sand box body 1 until the water level of each monitoring point is completely recovered, closing the water supply valve 19, the transfer box water pump 23, the digital camera 27, the flow meter and the flow meter data acquisition device 44, and stopping the test;
(V) Replacing the seepage well pipe
Checking and ensuring that the water supply valve 19 and the saturation valve 20 are in a closed state, opening the water drainage valve 28 and the water collection tank water pump 32 to drain water in the seepage sand box body 1, closing the water collection tank water pump 32 when only a small amount of water or almost no water seeps out at the water drainage port 4, placing a large-caliber container below the disassembly plugboard 6, pulling out the disassembly plugboard 6, enabling sand bodies on the inner side of the sand body protection plate 7 to flow into the container, taking down the seepage well pipe 3 and the well cover 2 in sections, and cleaning residual sand bodies on the inner side of the sand body protection plate 7; inserting and disassembling the plugboard 6, installing a new seepage well pipe 3 and a well cover 2 in sections, filling the sand body flowing out of the inner side of the sand body protection plate 7 to the space around the new well pipe 3 and the well cover 2 again, laying the water level monitoring pipes 47 at the inner side of the sand body protection plate 7 in layers in the process of filling the sand body, and finishing the replacement of the new well pipe when the filling amount is kept to be level with the sand body at the outer side of the sand body protection plate 7;
(VI) desaturation of the sand body
After a new well pipe is replaced, when the sand body is saturated again, the seepage sand body is saturated again by adopting the saturation method in the step (three), the sand body is saturated repeatedly for 2-3 times, and after the saturation is finished, whether the water level of each water level monitoring pipe 47 is abnormal or not is checked;
(VII) repeated seepage test
And (3) after the new well pipe is replaced, carrying out seepage test according to the method in the step (four), after the seepage test is finished, continuously replacing the well pipe according to the method in the step (five), then saturating the sand body again according to the step (six), and repeating the step (five), the step (six) and the step (four) in sequence to develop a plurality of groups of seepage tests.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the overall concept of the invention, and these should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention, which will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent.
Claims (6)
1. The seepage test method for the drainage well at the bottom of the aquifer is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
the test device is installed: firstly, connecting a water supply circulating system with a seepage sand box body (1), respectively clamping a drainage well and a sand body protection plate (7) with the seepage sand box body (1), wherein the sand body protection plate (7) is positioned on the outer side of a well pipe (3);
the method comprises the following specific steps: a water supply port (37) of a water supply tank (21) in a water supply circulation system is connected with a water supply valve (19), a water supply port flowmeter (18) and a water inlet (13) in sequence through a water supply pipe (25); a saturated water inlet (34) of the water supply tank (21) is connected with a saturated valve (20) and a bottom saturated water inlet (34) of the seepage sand box body (1) through a saturated water pipe (17); a water outlet (14) of the pressure stabilizing groove (12) is connected with a water outlet flowmeter (15) and a transfer case (36) through a water outlet water pipe (16); the transfer box (36) is connected with a transfer box water pump (23), a transfer box drain pipe (22) and a water supply box (21) through a transfer box water pumping pipe (24); connecting the disassembly plugboard (6) with the seepage sand box body (1) through a disassembly slot (5), and connecting a drainage water gap (4) in the disassembly plugboard (6) with a drainage water valve (28) and a drainage water gap flowmeter (29) with a water collecting tank (33) through a drainage pipe (30); the water collecting tank (33) is connected with a water collecting tank suction pump (32) and a water collecting tank drain pipe (26) and the water supply tank (21) through a water collecting tank suction pipe (31); the stainless steel fine wire mesh wrapped by the well pipe (3) is clamped with the seepage sand box body (1) in sections through the drainage well slot (8), the well cover (2) is placed on the well pipe (3), and the stainless steel filter screen wrapped by the sand body protection plate (7) is clamped with the seepage sand box body (1) through the sand body protection plate slot (9);
(III) saturated consolidation of sand body: water is made to enter from a saturated water inlet (34) at the bottom of the seepage sand box body (1), sand bodies are gradually filled to a preset water level so that air in the sand bodies is gradually discharged upwards, a water drainage valve (28) and a water supply circulating system are opened for more than 60 minutes, residual air in the sand bodies is gradually discharged again through seepage circulation, and the sand bodies are solidified; repeatedly saturating and adjusting the water supply circulating system for more than 3 times until air in the sand body of the seepage sand box body (1) is fully discharged, the sand body is compactly solidified, and the boundary water level in a pressure stabilizing groove (12) on the seepage sand box body (1) is kept stable;
(II) sand body filling and water level monitoring system installation: filling sand bodies into the seepage sand box body (1) to a preset seepage sand body thickness, and synchronously installing a water level monitoring system;
(IV) draining water seepage process: starting a water quantity monitoring system to acquire data, opening a drainage water valve (28) of a drainage water well to enable water in the drainage water well to seep outwards, keeping the boundary water level stable, supplying water to a circulating system for circulating water, synchronously monitoring the water level change of each water level monitoring point in a seepage sand box body (1) until the water level and seepage of each measuring point are stable, closing the drainage water valve (28), keeping the boundary water level stable, monitoring the water level recovery process and the boundary water supply quantity of each point, and closing the water quantity monitoring system and the water supply circulating system when the water level of each water level monitoring point is completely recovered, and stopping the test;
and (V) replacing the drainage well: adjusting a water supply circulating system, draining water in the seepage sand box body (1), and closing the water supply circulating system to replace a drainage well when no water flows seep out from a drainage water port (4) of the drainage well;
and (VI) saturating and consolidating the sand body again: after the drainage well is replaced, the seepage sand body is saturated again by adopting the saturation method in the step (three), the saturation sand body is repeated for 2-3 times, and the water level of each water level monitoring pipe (47) is checked to see whether the water level is abnormal or not after the saturation is finished;
(seventh) repeat the percolation experiment: and (3) after the new well pipe is replaced, carrying out seepage test according to the method in the step (four), after the seepage test is finished, continuously replacing the well pipe according to the method in the step (five), then saturating the sand body again according to the step (six), and repeating the step (five), the step (six) and the step (four) in sequence to develop a plurality of groups of seepage tests.
2. The seepage test method of the drainage well at the bottom of the aquifer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the step (II) specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of fixedly installing a water level monitoring pipe integrated plate (35) on a front side plate (42) of a seepage sand box body (1), wrapping water level detection ends of water level monitoring pipes (47) with stainless steel filter screens respectively to prevent fine sand particles from entering, placing the water level detection ends of the water level monitoring pipes (47) at the bottom layer at preset water level monitoring points in the seepage sand box body (1), filling screened and washed sand, keeping the positions of the water level monitoring pipes (47) unchanged when the sand is filled, burying a second layer of water level monitoring pipes (47) and filling the sand again after a first layer of sand is filled, repeating the steps until the thickness of the seepage sand is preset, and enabling the other ends of all the water level monitoring pipes (47) to penetrate through the front side plate (42) to be connected with the water level monitoring pipe integrated plate (35).
3. The seepage test method for the drainage well at the bottom of the aquifer as claimed in claim 2, wherein: for the confined aquifer test, after the sand body is filled, the movable sealing cover (10) is covered and the water permeable holes above the movable sealing cover (10) on the inner side wall of the pressure stabilizing tank (12) are blocked, and for the unpressurized aquifer, the movable sealing cover (10) does not need to be covered.
4. The seepage test method of the drainage well at the bottom of the aquifer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the step (III) specifically comprises the following steps:
when the test is started for the first time, the water supply tank (21) is placed at a position higher than the seepage sand tank body (1), the water supply valve (19), the saturation valve (20) and the water drainage valve (28) are closed, the water supply tank (21) is filled with water by using an external water source until the water in the water collection tank (33) meets the total water consumption of seepage circulation, or the water collection tank is replenished with water by using the external water source again in the later period as required, the saturation valve (20) is opened, water enters from a saturated water inlet (34) at the bottom of the seepage sand tank body (1), sand is gradually filled so that air in the sand is gradually discharged upwards, then the external water source continues to supply water to the water supply tank (21), the water level of the water supply tank (21) is observed to adjust the water supply amount of the external water source, and the water level of the water collection tank (33) is kept at the height position of the water collection tank from 1/2 to 3/4;
observing the water level in the seepage sand box body (1) through a water level monitoring pipe integrated plate (35), closing a saturation valve (20) when the water level reaches a preset water level, opening a drainage valve (28) and a water supply valve (19), closing an external water source when the water amount of a water collecting tank (33) reaches 1/2 of the capacity of the water collecting tank, opening a water collecting tank water pump (32), simultaneously observing the water level of a transfer tank (36), opening the transfer tank water pump (23) when the water level of the transfer tank (36) exceeds 1/2 capacity, and maintaining the seepage state for more than 60 minutes so as to fully discharge the air in the sand in a stable seepage area;
closing a drainage valve (28), a water supply valve (19), a water collecting tank water pump (32) and a transfer tank water pump (23), simultaneously opening a saturation valve (20), saturating to a preset water level again, closing the saturation valve (20), opening the drainage valve (28), the water supply valve (19), the water collecting tank water pump (32) and the transfer tank water pump (23), and maintaining the seepage state for more than 60 minutes;
and repeating the saturation process for 4-5 times to fully discharge air in the sand body of the seepage sand box body (1), compacting and solidifying the sand body to ensure that the permeability parameters of the sand body are uniform and stable, closing the drainage water valve (28), the saturation valve (20) and the water collecting tank water pump (32), opening the water supply valve (19) and the transfer box water pump (23), and keeping the boundary water level in the pressure stabilizing tank (12) stable.
5. The seepage test method of the drainage well at the bottom of the aquifer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the step (IV) specifically comprises the following steps: checking whether bubbles exist in each water level monitoring pipe (47), checking whether each water level monitoring point is abnormal or not, checking and ensuring that a water supply valve (19) is in an open state and a saturation valve (20) is in a closed state, keeping the boundary water level in a pressure stabilizing tank (12) stable, placing a digital camera (27), starting recording the water level on a water level monitoring pipe integrated plate (35) by the digital camera (27), starting acquiring data by a water supply opening flowmeter (18), a water outlet flowmeter (15) and a drain opening flowmeter (29), opening a drainage valve (28) and a water collecting tank water pump (32), keeping a water supply circulating system to supply water circularly, closing the drainage valve (28) when the water quantity at the drain opening flowmeter (29) is stable and the water level of each water level monitoring pipe (47) displayed on the water level monitoring pipe integrated plate (35) is stable, monitoring the water level recovery process and the boundary compensation water quantity of each water level monitoring point in a seepage sand box body (1), and when the water level of each water level monitoring point is completely recovered, closing the water supply valve (19), the transfer box water pump (23), the digital camera (27), each flowmeter and the flowmeter data acquisition device (44), and stopping the test.
6. The seepage test method of the drainage well at the bottom of the aquifer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the step (V) specifically comprises the following steps: checking and ensuring that a water supply valve (19) and a saturation valve (20) are in a closed state, opening a water drainage valve (28) and a water collection tank water suction pump (32), draining water in a seepage sand box body (1), closing the water collection tank water suction pump (32) when no water flows seep out at a drainage water gap (4), placing a container below a disassembly insertion plate (6), pulling out the disassembly insertion plate (6), enabling sand bodies on the inner side of a sand body protection plate (7) to flow into the container, taking down a seepage well pipe (3) and a well cover (2) in sections, and cleaning residual sand bodies on the inner side of the sand body protection plate (7); inserting and disassembling the plugboard (6), installing a new seepage well pipe (3) and a well lid (2) in sections, filling the sand body flowing out of the inner side of the sand body protection plate (7) into the surrounding space of the new well pipe (3) and the well lid (2) again, laying the water level monitoring pipe (47) on the inner side of the sand body protection plate (7) in a layering manner in the process of filling the sand body, and finishing the replacement of the new well pipe when the filling amount is kept level with the sand body on the outer side of the sand body protection plate (7).
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| CN114062216B (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2024-03-15 | 神华神东煤炭集团有限责任公司 | Device and method for simulating loose aquifer by three-dimensional solid-liquid coupling similarity |
| CN113777005B (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2023-11-14 | 华北水利水电大学 | Intermittent automatic suction seepage test device and method for drainage hole or well |
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