CN107418618B - 降低重质基础油中的浊度的方法以及具有降低的浊度的加氢异构化催化系统 - Google Patents

降低重质基础油中的浊度的方法以及具有降低的浊度的加氢异构化催化系统 Download PDF

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CN107418618B
CN107418618B CN201710283178.5A CN201710283178A CN107418618B CN 107418618 B CN107418618 B CN 107418618B CN 201710283178 A CN201710283178 A CN 201710283178A CN 107418618 B CN107418618 B CN 107418618B
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catalyst
zeolite
zsm
hydroisomerization
silica
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CN107418618A (zh
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金度京
金度完
李承雨
李尹炅
林仙周
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Sk Yidong Co ltd
SK Innovation Co Ltd
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SK Lubricants Co Ltd
SK Energy Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了降低重质基础油中的浊度的方法,其包括:通过使烃原料与包含ZSM‑12家族的沸石的第一催化剂接触来获得第一流出物油;以及通过使第一流出物油与包含ZSM‑48家族的沸石的第二催化剂接触来获得第二流出物油。本发明还公开了具有降低的浊度的加氢异构化催化系统,其包括:其中设置有第一催化剂的第一催化区域,第一催化剂包含ZSM‑12家族的沸石;和其中设置有第二催化剂的第二催化区域,第二催化剂包含ZSM‑48家族的沸石。第一催化区域设置在第二催化区域的上游。

Description

降低重质基础油中的浊度的方法以及具有降低的浊度的加氢 异构化催化系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2016年4月26日向韩国知识产权局提交的韩国专利申请第10-2016-0050619号的优先权的权益,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及降低重质基础油中的浊度(haze)的方法和具有降低的浊度的加氢异构化催化系统,更具体地说,涉及使加氢异构化工艺中的产率损失显著降低并同时有效降低浊度的方法,以及适用于该方法的加氢异构化催化系统。
背景技术
催化脱蜡工艺是将原料中不需要的分子改变成具有用于特定目的所需特性的分子。更具体地,催化脱蜡工艺因可用于改善形成润滑油的基础油的特性以及提高柴油的冷流动性(cold flow propreties)而适用于各种领域。这种催化脱蜡工艺是通过原料中的分子裂化或异构化进行的。由于在各种脱蜡方法中主要依赖于裂化的脱蜡方法产生大量具有低粘度指数的产物,因此与主要依赖于异构化的脱蜡方法相比,裂化占主导地位的脱蜡方法的产率低。因此,优选使用异构化占主导地位的脱蜡方法,其中使用加氢异构化催化剂。
同时,在精炼工艺例如润滑油和柴油的生产中,将长链正链烷烃(正链烷烃)转化成异链烷烃的加氢异构化反应的重要性得以显现。这就是长链正链烷烃具有低温流动性(low-temperature fluidity)的原因,因此其不能满足最近燃油和润滑油产品所要求的标准。特别地,近年来,作为原料的原油的质量出现恶化。然而,随着汽车发动机技术的发展,燃油和润滑油产品需要更高质量的产品。例如,加氢异构化反应可以应用于使用C4-C7烃作为原料制备高辛烷值汽油的工艺,使用C7-C15烃作为原料制备具有改善的冷流动性的高品质、高十六烷值的柴油的工艺,以及使用C15或高级烃作为原料制备具有高粘度指数和改善的冷流动性的高品质润滑油的工艺。
上述加氢异构化反应主要通过双功能催化剂进行,并且催化剂通常由具有氢化/脱氢功能的金属组分和具有用于骨架异构化反应的酸中心(acid sites)的支撑体(supports)组成。在这方面,诸如无定形二氧化硅-氧化铝、粘土和沸石(沸石为结晶二氧化硅-氧化铝)的各种材料已知为是具有酸中心的支撑体。特别地,即使在严格的反应条件下,沸石不仅保持了稳定的结构,而且还具有宽的表面积和多个酸中心,从而适于异构化反应。
对形状选择性优异的沸石进行了研究,其中优选抑制待处理的烃的不期望的分解反应,同时使烃的异构化反应最大化。据报道,具有1维10环孔结构的ZSM-22沸石、ZSM-23沸石、EU-2沸石和ZSM-48沸石在加氢异构化反应中具有优异的形状选择性。
同时,根据国际沸石协会(IZA)的目录,EU-2沸石、ZSM-48沸石、ZBM-30沸石和EU-11沸石属于ZSM-48家族(family),它们具有类似的X射线衍射(XRD)图案,即晶体结构。如上所述,美国专利第6,984,309号公开了通过使用EU-2沸石或EU-2沸石和粘合剂作为支撑体来改善烃油的粘度指数、低温流动性等特性并在其中氢化/脱氢金属负载在支撑体上的催化剂的存在下进行加氢异构化反应的技术。
与常规基础油相比,已经发现在具有相对高沸点的重质基础油或光亮油(brightoil)中难以通过已经应用于基础油的常规脱蜡方法来满足冷流动性。此外,即使在常规脱蜡方法满足低温流动性的标准的情况下,也很难除去引起浑浊的物质(haze-inducingsubstances)。因此,发现降低来自重质基础油或光亮油的浊度是不容易的。通常,链烷烃,例如长链正链烷烃、部分异构化的长链正链烷烃和环烷烃已知为是引起浑浊的物质。这种引起浑浊的物质在室温下不会引起任何问题。然而,在比较低的温度(例如0℃)和时间较长(例如7天)的条件下,引起浑浊的物质可以彼此附聚,导致使产品混浊的浊度。此外,在更严格的脱蜡反应条件下,例如反应温度升高,可以除去引起浑浊的物质,这可能伴随着不期望的产率损失。
因此,需要一种在使产率损失最小化的同时有选择地除去引起浑浊的物质的方法,已经报道了对该方法进行的许多尝试。美国专利第4,919,788号公开了一种通过将包含超稳定Y沸石或β型(BEA)沸石的支撑体的催化剂添加到包含常规脱蜡催化剂诸如ZSM-22沸石或ZSM-23沸石的支撑体的催化剂中来除去引起浑浊的物质的方法。此外,美国专利第6,051,129号公开了一种通过将包含EU-1沸石支撑体的催化剂添加到包含常规脱蜡催化剂如ZSM-48沸石或ZSM-32沸石的支撑体的催化剂中来除去引起浑浊的物质的方法。然而,这些方法并不是所期望的,因为虽然除去了引起浑浊的物质,但它们引起产率的降低。
因此,期望在含有引起浑浊的物质的重质基础油的脱蜡工艺中有一种选择性除去引起浑浊的物质并同时使产率损失最小化的方法,该方法将会被广泛应用于相关技术。
发明内容
本发明的一个方面可以提供一种降低重质基础油中的浊度的方法,其可以有效地降低浊度,同时使产率损失显著地降低。
本发明的另一方面可以提供一种加氢异构化催化剂,其可以有效地降低浊度,同时使产率损失显著地降低。
根据本发明的一个方面,用于降低重质基础油中的浊度的方法可包括:通过使烃原料与包含ZSM-12家族的沸石的第一催化剂接触来获得第一流出物油;以及通过使第一流出物油与包含ZSM-48家族的沸石的第二催化剂接触来获得第二流出物油。
根据本发明的另一方面,具有降低的浊度的加氢异构化催化系统可以包括:其中设置有第一催化剂的第一催化区域,第一催化剂包含ZSM-12家族的沸石;以及其中设置有第二催化剂的第二催化区域,第二催化剂包含ZSM-48家族的沸石,其中第一催化区域设置在第二催化区域的上游。
具体实施方式
在下文中,将描述本发明的实施方案。
然而,本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实施,不应被解释为限于本文所阐述的具体实施方案。相反,提供这些实施方案将使得本发明是全面和完整的,并且将向本领域技术人员充分地传达本发明的范围。
本文使用的术语仅描述特定实施方案,本发明不限于此。如本文所使用的,单数形式“一个/种(a)”、“一个/种(an)”和“所述/该(the)”也旨在包括复数形式,除非上下文另有明确指示。还应理解,当在本说明书中使用时,术语“包含/包括(comprise)”和/或“包含/包括(comprising)”指定所描述的特征、整数、步骤、操作、构件、元件和/或其组合的存在,但不排除存在或添加一个或多个其他特征、整数、步骤、操作、构件、元件和/或其组合。
下面描述的本发明的内容可以具有各种配置,并且在本文中仅提出所需的配置,但是本发明不限于此。
本文使用的术语可以定义如下:
在Journal of Chemical Research(化学研究杂志)192(1985)、美国专利第4,741,891号、第4,836,996号、第4,876,412号和第5,098,685号中公开了术语“ZSM-48家族”,并且前述现有技术作为本发明的参考文献并入本文。此外,在本说明书中,主要讨论了EU-2沸石,但本发明也适用于属于ZSM-48家族的其他沸石,例如ZSM-48沸石、ZBM-30沸石和EU-11沸石。
在美国专利第4,482,531号和第4,557,919号中公开了术语“ZSM-12家族的沸石”,并且前述现有技术作为本发明的参考文献并入本文。此外,在本说明书中,主要讨论ZSM-12沸石,但本发明也适用于属于ZSM-12家族的其他沸石。
因此,根据一个实施方案,第一催化剂可以包含ZSM-12沸石,第二催化剂可以包含选自ZSM-48沸石、EU-2沸石、ZBM-30沸石和EU-11沸石中的至少一种。
根据一个实施方案,上述沸石用作催化剂的支撑体(载体)。
同时,术语“加氢异构化反应”是指在催化剂上在存在氢气的情况下将至少一部分正链烷烃转化成异链烷烃的反应。加氢异构化反应可伴随着一些裂化反应(crackingreaction)。例如,通过异构化反应转化正链烷烃并同时尽可能地抑制裂化反应可显著地提高目标产物的产率。
术语“倾点(pour point)”是指液态烃流在给定条件下具有流动性的最低温度。
本发明提供了一种降低重质基础油中的浊度的方法以及可用于该方法的催化剂,该方法可改善重质基础油的冷流动性,同时在加氢异构化过程中保持高产率。
具体地,根据一个实施方案,用于降低重质基础油中的浊度的方法可包括通过使烃原料与包含ZSM-12家族的沸石的第一催化剂接触来获得第一流出物油;以及通过使第一流出物油与包含ZSM-48家族的沸石的第二催化剂接触来获得第二流出物油。
例如,可以在供应包含正链烷烃的烃原料时,特别是与氢一起供应时,进行使烃原料异构化的过程,从而将正链烷烃转化成异链烷烃。烃原料可以包括例如矿物原料、合成原料或生物质衍生的原料。
特别地,可以通过选择性裂化或深度异构化反应(deep isomerizationreaction)进行选择性地除去在链烷烃中引起浑浊的物质的过程,所述引起浑浊的物质包括长链正链烷烃、部分异构化的长链正链烷烃和环烷烃。
根据一个实施方案,烃原料可以包含例如至少约8wt%或至少约15wt%的正链烷烃。此外,烃原料可以包含例如约30ppm(wt)以下的硫,特别是约15ppm(wt)以下的硫,或约10ppm(wt)以下的氮,特别是5ppm(wt)以下的氮。
烃原料的具体实例可以是具有至少约150℃至约750℃的沸点范围(可以使用ASTMD-86或ASTM D-2887测量沸点范围)的烃油,具体地,包括煤油和粗柴油(gas oil)的中间馏分油(distillate),以及具有润滑油基础油(lube base oil)的沸点范围的烃馏分油。具体地,沸点为530℃以上的烃馏分油主要含有引起浑浊的物质,因此包含沸点为530℃以上的烃馏分油的原料是更适合本反应的烃原料。
上述烃原料的典型实例可以是衍生自溶剂精制过程的油,例如萃余液(raffinate)、部分溶剂脱蜡的油、脱沥青油(deasphalted oil)、馏分油、减压粗柴油(decompression gas oil)、填缝粗柴油(caulking gas oil)、用于燃料油加氢裂化过程的未转化油,以及粗柴油馏分油。此外,烃原料可以包括衍生自费-托反应的蜡等。具体地,沸点为530℃以上的烃馏分油主要含有引起浑浊的物质,因此包含沸点为530℃以上的烃馏分油的原料是更适合本反应的烃原料。
可以在以下条件下对烃原料进行加氢异构化过程,例如温度为约200℃至约500℃,具体地,约220℃至约450℃,更具体地,约240℃至约400℃;氢气压力为约1atm至约200atm,具体地,约100atm至约180atm,更具体地,约130atm至约160atm;液时空速(LHSV)为约0.1hr-1至约10hr-1,具体地,约0.5hr-1至约5hr-1,更具体地,约1hr-1至约2hr-1;氢/原料比为约45Nm3/m3至约1780Nm3/m3,具体地,约200Nm3/m3至约1000Nm3/m3,更具体地,约480Nm3/m3至约530Nm3/m3
在上述加氢异构化过程之后,作为烃原料的烃馏出物的倾点可以降低至例如至少约-10℃,具体地,至少约-20℃。
另外,当烃原料是具有润滑油基础油的沸点范围的烃馏出物时,烃原料的粘度指数可以在例如至少约60的范围内,具体地,约70至约160的范围内,更具体地,约90至约150的范围内。
沸石的二氧化硅/氧化铝摩尔比(SAR)是影响加氢异构化催化剂活性的重要因素。根据一个实施方案,包含ZSM-12家族的沸石的第一催化剂的SAR(SiO2:Al2O3)期望为60:1至300:1,更优选为70:1至180:1。当SAR小于或超过上述范围时,可能难以合成具有ZSM-12沸石结构的材料,或者不会发生所需的加氢异构化催化反应。
另外,包含ZSM-48家族的沸石的第二催化剂的SAR(SiO2:Al2O3)期望为60:1至300:1,更优选为80:1至200:1。当SAR小于或超过上述SAR范围时,可能难以合成具有EU-2沸石结构的材料,或者不会发生所需的加氢异构化催化反应。
优选地,所包含的第一催化剂和第二催化剂的体积比为1:99至80:20,更优选为1:99至50:50。当所包含的第一催化剂在上述体积比以下时,浊度可能不会降低,而当所包含的第一催化剂在上述体积比以上时,产率可能会降低。
第一催化剂和第二催化剂可以分别包含具有氢化(氢化-脱氢)功能的金属。基于IUPAC分类,优选地,金属可以为选自周期表上的VIII族金属和VI族金属中的至少一种。这些金属的实例可以是铁(Fe)、镍(Ni)、钼(Mo)、钴(Co)、钨(W)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)、钌(Ru)、铂(Pt)、钯(Pd)或其组合,具体地,是铂(Pt)或钯(Pd),优选铂(Pt)。
基于加氢异构化催化剂的总重量,具有氢化功能的金属或其组合的含量可以为例如约0.05wt%至5wt%,具体地,约0.1wt%至3wt%,更具体地,约0.2wt%至1wt%。
支撑金属的方法可以使用相关技术中已知的方法例如孔体积浸渍法、连续溶液浸渍法和离子交换法来进行。此外,为了进一步提高异构化性能或调整酸中心的活性,可以向加氢异构化催化剂中添加掺杂剂等。掺杂剂的实例可以是碱金属、碱土金属、卤素、磷、硼和稀土。
第一催化剂和第二催化剂可以分别包含至少一种另外的无机氧化物粘合剂(binder)。例如,加氢异构化催化剂可以允许使用相关技术中已知的粘合剂等来制备基质(matrix),以改善物理性质/机械性能或进行模塑。这种粘合剂的实例可以是粘土、无机氧化物或其组合,无机氧化物可以是例如拟薄水铝石、二氧化硅、氧化铝、二氧化钛、氧化镁、氧化锗、氧化钍、氧化硼、二氧化硅-氧化铝、二氧化硅-氧化镁、二氧化硅-氧化锆、二氧化硅-氧化钍和二氧化硅-二氧化钛。
在一些情况下,期望使用具有低酸度的粘合剂不会影响ZSM-48家族和ZSM-12家族的沸石的固有的酸中心。
例如,每种ZSM-48家族的沸石和每种ZSM-12家族的沸石或其混合物可以与粘合剂共同研磨,然后使用常规的挤压技术(extrusion technique)挤压。基于沸石和粘合剂的总重量,可以将沸石与粘合剂的比例调整为例如约90:10至约30:70,具体地,约70:30至约50:50,但是本发明不限于此。
根据一个实施方案,加氢异构化催化剂可以通过将金属组分负载到包含每种ZSM-48家族的沸石和每种ZSM-12家族的沸石或其混合物以及粘合剂的模制品例如挤压制品(extrusion)中来制备。可以使用相关技术中公知的成型技术来制备支撑体,并且可以使用例如螺杆挤压机、板式挤压机或柱塞式挤压机(ram extruder)挤压得到模制品并堆垛(palletized)成各种形式和尺寸。
另外,具有氢化功能的金属组分可以以典型的前体形式提供,并且可以负载在支撑体上,然后进行干燥和煅烧。
可以在例如约60℃至200℃的温度范围内进行干燥,以及可以在约300℃至700℃的温度下煅烧例如约0.5小时至约20小时,优选地,在约400℃至600℃的温度下煅烧约2小时至约10小时。
可以进行选择性干燥、还原、预硫化、蒸汽等以在加氢异构化反应之前对加氢异构化催化剂进行活化或预处理。特别地,当贵金属被用作具有氢化功能的金属时,其可以在例如约250℃至约350℃的温度和约1atm至约200atm的压力的条件下还原约1小时至24小时。
根据本发明的另一方面,可以提供具有降低的浊度的加氢异构化催化系统。
具有降低的浊度的加氢异构化催化系统可以包括:其中设置有第一催化剂的第一催化区域,第一催化剂包含ZSM-12家族的沸石;以及其中设置有第二催化剂的第二催化区域,第二催化剂包含ZSM-48家族的沸石,其中第一催化区域可以设置在第二催化区域的上游。
关于第一催化剂和第二催化剂,可以向其应用降低重质基础油中的浊度的所有公开的方法。
例如,根据一个实施方案,第一催化剂可以包含ZSM-12沸石,第二催化剂可以包含选自ZSM-48沸石、EU-2沸石、ZBM-30沸石和EU-11沸石中的至少一种。
第一催化区域和第二催化区域可以设置在相同或不同的反应器中,并且当第一催化剂和第二催化剂设置在相同的反应器内(例如,可以设置在反应器内的一层)时,包含ZSM-12家族的沸石作为支撑体的催化剂可以位于包含ZSM-48家族的沸石作为支撑体的催化剂的上端(upper end)。
根据一个实施方案,降低重质基础油中的浊度的方法和具有降低的浊度的加氢异构化催化系统可以在加氢异构化过程中保持高产率,从而改善重质基础油的冷流动性并获得浊度降低的重质基础油。
在下文中,将通过本发明的具体实施例来更详细地描述本发明。以下实施例仅用于更好地理解本发明内容,并且本发明的范围不限于此。
实施例
在本实施例中,术语“粘度指数”指的是用于测量粘度随温度的变化的标度,并且当链烷烃含量高时,粘度指数增加。
术语“浊度数(haze number)”可以通过将具有约8cc的产品的透明玻璃管留在温度维持在0℃的冷藏浴循环器中24小时,然后使用颜色分析器(color analyzer)的哈森色度值(hazen color value)测量产品的浑浊程度(degree of hazing)来获得,其中可以在短时间内测量多个产品样品的浑浊程度。
可以采用“低温储存稳定性评估”方法,其包括将具有约100cc的产品的透明塑料容器留在温度维持在0℃并具有透明窗口的冰箱中7天时间,然后凭视力观察透明塑料容器,用肉眼确定产品的浑浊程度,从而精确地确定产品的浑浊程度。
此外,沸石的SAR可以通过常规的化学分析技术例如X射线荧光分析、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)等来测量。
1.制备催化剂
制备例1
将SAR为130的EU-2沸石和拟薄水铝石粘合剂以7:3的重量比混合,使用孔体积浸渍法(pore volume impregnation method)并用[Pt(NH3)4](NO3)2溶液浸渍混合物,使得[Pt(NH3)4](NO3)2溶液的含量为基于铂(Pt)含量总重量的0.6wt%。
当浸渍完成时,通过挤压法将混合物制备成模制品,然后将模制品在120℃的温度下干燥3小时并在500℃的温度下煅烧3小时来制备催化剂。此外,通过随后的研磨,将催化剂制备成16-40的筛目尺寸(mesh size)。以这种方式制备的催化剂被称为“EU-2(130)催化剂”。
制备例2
将SAR为90的ZSM-12家族沸石和拟薄水铝石粘合剂以7:3的重量比混合,并使用孔体积浸渍法用[Pt(NH3)4](NO3)2溶液浸渍混合物,使得[Pt(NH3)4](NO3)2溶液的含量为基于铂(Pt)含量总重量的0.6wt%。
当浸渍完成时,通过挤压法将混合物制备成模制品,然后将模制品在120℃的温度下干燥3小时并在500℃的温度下煅烧3小时来制备催化剂。此外,通过随后的研磨,将催化剂制备成16-40的筛目尺寸。以这种方式制备的催化剂称为“ZSM-12(90)催化剂”。
制备例3-7
采用与上述相同的方式,使用SAR约60和SAR约80的两种类型的超稳定Y(USY)沸石、SAR约60的丝光沸石(MOR)和SAR约75和SAR约300的两种类型的β型(BEA)沸石来制备催化剂。
以这种方式制备的催化剂分别被称为“USY(60)催化剂”、“USY(80)催化剂”、“MOR(60)催化剂”、“BEA(75)催化剂”和“BEA(300)催化剂”。
2.加氢异构化反应实验
比较例1
在内径为3/4英寸的固定层反应器(fixed layer reactor)中填充55cc根据制备例1获得的EU-2(130)催化剂,将EU-2(130)催化剂在温度为250℃的氢气气氛下进行5小时以上的活化,然后在EU-2(130)催化剂上进行加氢异构化反应实验。
在加氢异构化实验中,原料在溶剂脱沥青过程中产生,并且使用已经经历预加氢处理过程的脱沥青油。生成的原料的物理性质如下表1所示。使用ASTM D2887测量沸点。使用ASTM D97测量倾点。
表1
比重 0.8729
API,60℉ 30.6
沸点(蒸馏法,D2887),℃
0% 367
5% 396
10% 412
30% 457
50% 496
70% 538
90% 608
95% 643
100% 719
含硫量(wtppm) 8.8
含氮量(wtppm) 0.6
运动粘度(在40℃,cSt) 88.2
运动粘度(在100℃,cSt) 11.07
粘度指数 112
倾点(℃) 45
如上表1所示,原料可以包括约30wt%或更多的烃馏出物,该烃馏出物主要包含引起浑浊的物质,并且其沸点约为530℃以上。
通过泵将原料以57.6g/hr(66cc/hr)的速率注入反应器中,并将异构化反应条件调节至压力为150atm以及氢气注入速率为33.3NL/hr。氢/原料比为约500Nm3/m3。根据异构化反应期间的反应温度观察产物的物理性质如倾点、产率(基于沸点为395℃以上的产品的重量比)、浊度数等的变化。结果如下表2所示。
如下表2所示的浊度数是通过将具有约8cc的产物的玻璃管留在温度维持在0℃的冷藏浴循环器中24小时,然后使用颜色分析器的哈森色度值测量产物的浑浊程度来获得,可以由此在短时间内测量多个产物样品的浑浊程度。
如下表2所示,当反应温度升高时,倾点和浊度数如所期望地降低,而产率也不期望地降低了。
实验例1和比较例2-6
在内径为3/4英寸的固定层反应器的上端填充根据制备例2-7制备的5.5cc的ZSM-12(90)催化剂、USY(60)催化剂、USY(80)催化剂、MOR(60)催化剂、BEA(75)催化剂和BEA(300)催化剂中的一种,在固定层反应器的下端填充根据制备例1制备的49.5cc的EU-2(130)催化剂。所述根据制备例2-7制备的ZSM-12(90)催化剂、USY(60)催化剂、USY(80)催化剂、MOR(60)催化剂、BEA(75)催化剂和BEA(300)催化剂中的一种与根据制备例1制备的EU-2(130)催化剂的体积比为10:90。
除了使用如上所述的其他催化剂之外,使用以与比较例1中相同的方法进行加氢异构化反应实验。同样,根据异构化反应期间的反应温度观察产物的物理性质如倾点、产率(基于沸点为395℃以上的产物的重量比)、浊度数等的变化。结果如下表2所示。
在下表2中,例如,其中在固定层反应器的上端填充ZSM-12(90)催化剂且在其下端填充EU-2(130)催化剂的实验例1的情形被称为“ZSM-12(90)/EU-2(130)催化剂”,以与实验例中相同的方式,将其余的比较例1-6的情形称为“EU-2(130)催化剂”、“USY(60)/EU-2(130)催化剂”、“USY(80)/EU-2(130)催化剂”、“MOR(60)/EU-2(130)催化剂”、“BEA(75)/EU-2(130)催化剂”和“BEA(300)/EU-2(130)催化剂”。
表2
Figure BDA0001280039070000131
如上表2所示,当待评估的所有催化剂的反应温度升高时,倾点和浊度数如所期望地降低,而产率也不期望地降低了。
相对于使用EU-2(130)催化剂的相同的产率,ZSM-12(90)/EU-2(130)催化剂的浊度数进一步降低。因此,当将包含作为支撑体的ZSM-12家族的沸石的催化剂作为支撑体添加到包含作为常规脱蜡催化剂的支撑体的EU-2沸石的催化剂的上端时,可以从重质基础油中更有选择性地除去引起浑浊的物质。换句话说,当依次使用包含ZSM-12家族的沸石的催化剂和包含EU-2沸石的催化剂时,更有效地从重质基础油中有选择性地除去引起浑浊的物质。此外,与EU-2(130)催化剂相比,ZSM-12(90)/EU-2(130)催化剂的反应温度如所期望地可以降低约10℃,并且达到相同的倾点。
与EU-2(130)催化剂相比,降低USY(60)/EU-2(130)催化剂、USY(80)/EU-2(130)催化剂、MOR(60)/EU-2(130)催化剂、BEA(75)/EU-2(130)催化剂和BEA(300)/EU-2(130)催化剂的反应温度以达到相同的倾点,而对于相同的产率而言,浊度数进一步增加。
因此,当将包含作为支撑体的USY(60)、USY(80)、MOR(60)、BEA(75)和BEA(300)的催化剂作为支撑体添加到包含作为常规脱蜡催化剂的支撑体的EU-2沸石的催化剂的上端时,没有有效地且有选择性地从重质基础油中除去引起浑浊的物质。
比较例7
在内径为3/4英寸的固定层反应器的上端填充49.5cc的根据制备例1制备的EU-2(130)催化剂,在固定层反应器的下端填充5.5cc的根据制备例2制备的ZSM-12(90)催化剂。如上所述,其中在固定层反应器的上端填充EU-2(130)催化剂且在固定层反应器的下端填充ZSM-12(90)催化剂的情形被称为“EU-2(130)/ZSM-12(90)催化剂”。除了使用如上所述的其他催化剂之外,以与比较例1相同的方式进行催化剂评估。结果示于下表3中。
与EU-2(130)催化剂相比,降低EU-2(130)/ZSM-12(90)催化剂的反应温度以达到相同的倾点,但对于同样的产率而言,浊度数进一步增加。因此,当将包含作为支撑体的ZSM-12家族的沸石的催化剂作为支撑体添加到包含作为常规脱蜡催化剂的支撑体的EU-2沸石的催化剂的下端时,没有有效地且有选择性地从重质基础油中除去引起浊度的物质。换句话说,当依次使用包含EU-2沸石的催化剂和包含ZSM-12家族的沸石的催化剂时,引起浊度的物质没有被有效地且有选择性地从重质基础油中除去。
比较例8
将SAR为130的EU-2沸石、SAR为90的ZSM-12家族的沸石和拟薄水铝石粘合剂以6.3:0.7:3的重量比混合。ZSM-12家族的沸石与EU-2沸石的重量比为10:90。使用孔体积浸渍法用[Pt(NH3)4](NO3)2溶液浸渍混合物,使得[Pt(NH3)4](NO3)2溶液的含量为基于铂(Pt)含量总重量的0.6wt%。
当浸渍完成时,通过挤压法将混合物制备成模制品,然后将模制品在120℃的温度下干燥3小时并在500℃的温度下煅烧3小时来制备催化剂。此外,通过随后的研磨,将催化剂制备成16-40的筛目尺寸。以这种方式制备的催化剂被称为“EU-2(130)+ZSM-12(90)混合催化剂”,并使用EU-2(130)+ZSM-12(90)混合催化剂,以与比较例1相同的方式进行加氢异构化反应评估。
根据异构化反应期间的反应温度观察产物的物理性质如倾点、产率(基于沸点为395℃以上的产物的重量比)、浊度数等的变化。结果如下表3所示。
表3
Figure BDA0001280039070000151
如表3所示,与EU-2(130)催化剂相比,降低EU-2(130)+ZSM-12(90)混合催化剂的反应温度以达到相同的倾点,但对于相同的产率而言,浊度数相似。
例如,与依次使用包含ZSM-12家族的沸石的催化剂和包含EU-2沸石的催化剂相比,通过在催化剂制备过程中将ZSM-12家族的沸石与作为常规脱蜡催化剂的支撑体的EU-2沸石混合而制备的催化剂在选择性地除去引起浊度的物质方面是不利的。
实验例2-4
在内径为3/4英寸的固定层反应器的上端填充1.65cc的根据制备例2制备的ZSM-12(90)催化剂,在固定层反应器的下端填充53.35cc的根据制备例1制备的EU-2(130)催化剂。ZSM-12(90)催化剂与EU-2(130)催化剂的体积比为3:97。制备的催化剂被称为“ZSM-12(90)/EU-2(130)(3:97)催化剂”,并以与比较例1相同的方式对其进行催化剂评估。
使用与上述相同的方式,对ZSM-12(90)/EU-2(130)(20:80)催化剂和ZSM-12(90)/EU-2(130)(30:70)催化剂进行催化剂评估。
根据异构化反应期间的反应温度观察产物的物理性质如倾点、产率(基于沸点为395℃以上的产物的重量比)、浊度数等的变化。
根据产率(基于沸点为395℃以上的产物的重量比),ZSM-12(90)/EU-2(130)(3:97)、ZSM-12(90)/EU-2(130)(20:80)和ZSM-12(90)/EU-2(130)(30:70)催化剂的浊度数相似。因此,当依次使用包含ZSM-12家族的沸石的催化剂和包含EU-2沸石的催化剂时,在诸如包含ZSM-12家族的沸石的催化剂与包含EU-2沸石的催化剂的体积比为3:97、10:90、20:80和30:70的条件下,可有效地且有选择性地从重质基础油中除去引起浊度的物质。
3.低温储存稳定性评估
根据实验例1-4和比较例1-8中的产率,对测量过浊度数的试样进行低温储存稳定性评估。可以进行低温储存稳定性评估,该评估包括:将具有约100cc的产物的透明塑料容器留在温度维持在0℃并具有透明窗口的冰箱中7天时间,然后凭视力观察透明塑料容器,用肉眼确定产物的浑浊程度,从而精确地确定产品的浑浊程度。
通过低温储存稳定性评估获得的产物的浑浊程度与由浊度数表示的试样间的浑浊程度相同。
如上所述,根据这些实施例,降低重质基础油中的浊度的方法和具有降低的浊度的加氢异构化催化系统可以在加氢异构化过程中保持高产率,从而改善重质基础油的冷流动性,并获得浊度降低的重质基础油。
虽然上面已经示出和描述了示例性实施方案,但是对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是,在不脱离由所附权利要求限定的本发明的范围的情况下,可以进行修改和变化。

Claims (17)

1.降低重质基础油中的浊度的方法,所述方法包括:
通过使烃原料与包含ZSM-12沸石的第一催化剂接触来获得第一流出物油;以及
通过使所述第一流出物油与包含选自ZSM-48沸石、EU-2沸石、ZBM-30沸石和EU-11沸石中的至少一种沸石的第二催化剂接触来获得第二流出物油,
其中,所述第一催化剂和所述第二催化剂分别包含选自VIII族金属和VI族金属中的至少一种金属。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述第一催化剂和所述第二催化剂的体积比为1:99至80:20。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述第一催化剂和所述第二催化剂的体积比为1:99至50:50。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述至少一种金属是选自铁(Fe)、镍(Ni)、钼(Mo)、钴(Co)、钨(W)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)、钌(Ru)、铂(Pt)和钯(Pd)中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述第一催化剂的SiO2:Al2O3比例为60:1至300:1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述第二催化剂的SiO2:Al2O3比例为60:1至300:1。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述第一催化剂和所述第二催化剂分别进一步包含至少一种无机氧化物粘合剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中,所述至少一种无机氧化物粘合剂是选自拟薄水铝石、二氧化硅、氧化铝、二氧化钛、氧化镁,氧化锗、氧化钍、氧化硼、二氧化硅-氧化铝、二氧化硅-氧化镁、二氧化硅-氧化锆、二氧化硅-氧化钍和二氧化硅-二氧化钛中的至少一种。
9.具有降低的浊度的加氢异构化催化系统,所述加氢异构化催化系统包括:
其中设置有第一催化剂的第一催化区域,所述第一催化剂包含ZSM-12沸石;以及
其中设置有第二催化剂的第二催化区域,所述第二催化剂包含选自ZSM-48沸石、EU-2沸石、ZBM-30沸石和EU-11沸石中的至少一种沸石,
其中,所述第一催化区域设置在所述第二催化区域的上游,并且其中所述第一催化剂和所述第二催化剂分别包含选自VIII族金属和VI族金属中的至少一种金属。
10.根据权利要求9所述的加氢异构化催化系统,其中,所述第一催化剂和所述第二催化剂以1:99至80:20的体积比设置。
11.根据权利要求9所述的加氢异构化催化系统,其中,所述第一催化剂和所述第二催化剂以1:99至50:50的体积比设置。
12.根据权利要求9所述的加氢异构化催化系统,其中,所述第一催化区域和所述第二催化区域设置在相同的反应器中或不同的反应器中。
13.根据权利要求9所述的加氢异构化催化系统,其中,所述至少一种金属是选自铁(Fe)、镍(Ni)、钼(Mo)、钴(Co)、钨(W)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)、钌(Ru)、铂(Pt)和钯(Pd)中的至少一种。
14.根据权利要求9所述的加氢异构化催化系统,其中,所述第一催化剂的SiO2:Al2O3比例为60:1至300:1。
15.根据权利要求9所述的加氢异构化催化系统,其中,所述第二催化剂的SiO2:Al2O3比例为60:1至300:1。
16.根据权利要求9所述的加氢异构化催化系统,其中,所述第一催化剂和所述第二催化剂分别进一步包含至少一种无机氧化物粘合剂。
17.根据权利要求16所述的加氢异构化催化系统,其中,所述至少一种无机氧化物粘合剂是选自拟薄水铝石、二氧化硅、氧化铝、二氧化钛、氧化镁、氧化锗、氧化钍、氧化硼、二氧化硅-氧化铝、二氧化硅-氧化镁、二氧化硅-氧化锆、二氧化硅-氧化钍和二氧化硅-二氧化钛中的至少一种。
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