CN107417733B - 一类四齿环金属钯(ii)配合物磷光发光材料 - Google Patents
一类四齿环金属钯(ii)配合物磷光发光材料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107417733B CN107417733B CN201710451940.6A CN201710451940A CN107417733B CN 107417733 B CN107417733 B CN 107417733B CN 201710451940 A CN201710451940 A CN 201710451940A CN 107417733 B CN107417733 B CN 107417733B
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(2+) Chemical compound [Pd+2] MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-1,2,3-Triazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNN=1 QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound CN1C=CN=C1 MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000000250 methylamino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 90
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 79
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 35
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 33
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- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 16
- SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N picolinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 16
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- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 13
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- LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(i) iodide Chemical compound I[Cu] LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- -1 triarylamine compound Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- RDNBQLKCMFLYLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-9-pyridin-2-ylcarbazole Chemical class C=1C(Br)=CC=C(C2=CC=CC=C22)C=1N2C1=CC=CC=N1 RDNBQLKCMFLYLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 4
- MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(3+) Chemical class [Ir+3] MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 4
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- DASXASRMFQYTJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1-methylimidazole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2N(C=CN=2)C)=C1 DASXASRMFQYTJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004208 3-hydroxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]OC1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C(*)=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- ZBFVVNZCRMFPGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2SC=CN=2)=C1 ZBFVVNZCRMFPGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RHAXDUJFRIRFLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 RHAXDUJFRIRFLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRFQNVWLCCTTLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-(9-pyridin-2-ylcarbazol-2-yl)oxyphenyl]-1,3-oxazole Chemical compound O1C(=NC=C1)C=1C=C(OC2=CC=3N(C4=CC=CC=C4C=3C=C2)C2=NC=CC=C2)C=CC=1 SRFQNVWLCCTTLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IIFLUXZIUSQWSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-(9-pyridin-2-ylcarbazol-2-yl)oxyphenyl]-1,3-thiazole Chemical compound S1C(=NC=C1)C=1C=C(OC2=CC=3N(C4=CC=CC=C4C=3C=C2)C2=NC=CC=C2)C=CC=1 IIFLUXZIUSQWSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SPRWRLULVAMMPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(C=2OC=CN=2)=C1 SPRWRLULVAMMPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WMPDAIZRQDCGFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxybenzaldehyde Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=O)=C1 WMPDAIZRQDCGFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KIMOSCYNWZLHJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC=1C=C(C=CC=1)N1N=CC=N1 Chemical compound COC=1C=C(C=CC=1)N1N=CC=N1 KIMOSCYNWZLHJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- YAYGSLOSTXKUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(2+) Chemical compound [Ru+2] YAYGSLOSTXKUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- NLLGFYPSWCMUIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-methoxyphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(B(O)O)=C1 NLLGFYPSWCMUIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPBSJBRNARVIMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3-methoxyphenyl)triazole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(N2N=NC=C2)=C1 CPBSJBRNARVIMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLDWAJLZAAHOGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-3-methoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1 PLDWAJLZAAHOGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXNZFHIEDZEUQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-1,3-thiazole Chemical compound BrC1=NC=CS1 RXNZFHIEDZEUQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSOFDTPOJDKPQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(C=2SC=CN=2)=C1 FSOFDTPOJDKPQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVOLDLWDCJIADF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(triazol-1-yl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(N2N=NC=C2)=C1 AVOLDLWDCJIADF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKPLPDIMEREJJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxybenzamide Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C(N)=O)=C1 VKPLPDIMEREJJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNRLPFAEBJQNQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-thiophen-2-ylphenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(C=2SC=CC=2)=C1 JNRLPFAEBJQNQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229930182821 L-proline Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triiodomethane Natural products IC(I)I OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
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- JVZRCNQLWOELDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-Phenylpyridine Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NC=C1 JVZRCNQLWOELDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZBKIUFWVEIBQRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold(1+) Chemical compound [Au+] ZBKIUFWVEIBQRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNWSXIWHOSSPCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(2+) Chemical compound [Rh+2] YNWSXIWHOSSPCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/006—Palladium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/18—Metal complexes
- C09K2211/185—Metal complexes of the platinum group, i.e. Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh or Pd
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及磷光发光材料领域,尤其涉及一类含有五元杂芳环的四齿环金属钯(II)配合物磷光材料。
背景技术
OLED即有机发光二极管(Organic Light-Emitting Diode)或有机发光器件(Organic Light-Emitting Device),又被称为有机电致发光器件(OrganicElectroluminescent Device)。有机电致发光是指在顺向偏压电场的作用下有机小分子发、金属有机配合物分子或聚合物分子发光材料将电能直接转化为光能的一种发光现象。一般情况下,OLED器件的阳极和阴极之间至少要有一层有机层。器件在流电所衍生的顺向偏压作用下,阳极和阴极分别向有机层注入空穴和电子,空穴和电子分别向阴极和阳极方向移动。当两者在移动中相遇、结合,即形成电子-空穴对(electron-hole pair),从而使有机分子受到激发成为激发态分子。若受激电子和基态电子自旋方向相同,则为单线态(singlet)分子;反之,若两电子自旋方向相反,则称为三线态(triplet)分子。处于激发态的分子如果以辐射方式释放能量回到基态就会发出光,由单线态分子释放的光为荧光(Fluorescence),三线态分子所释放的光为磷光(Phosphorescence);此外亦可通过非辐射的方式释放能量回到基态而发热。
OLED是自主发光器件,无需背光源,具有响应速度快、驱动电压低、发光效率和分辨率高、对比度高、视角广等特点,此外它能以廉价的玻璃、金属甚至柔性的塑料为基板,因此还具有成本低、生产工艺简单、可进行大面积生产等优点,已成为新一代的全彩显示和照明技术,在手机、电脑、电视、数码相机、GPS、可弯曲和折叠等电子产品以及平面固态照明领域具有广阔而巨大的应用前景。
早期的OLED由于发光效率极低、驱动电压高、寿命差等原因,使之研究发展异常缓慢。直到1987年,美国柯达公司的华裔科学家邓青云和S.A.VanSlyke采用真空蒸镀技术,以8-羟基喹啉铝配合物(Alq3)为发光材料、三芳胺类化合物作为空穴传输层、铟锡氧化物(ITO)为透明阳极、美铝合金为阴极制得了纳米级的高质量超薄膜,实现了驱动电压低、效率和亮度高的有机电致发光器件(Appl.Phys.Lett.1987,51,913),在OLED领域完成了开拓性的工作;1990年,英国剑桥大学卡文迪许实验室的J.H.Burroughes等人又成功实现了以有机共轭高分子聚合物作为发光材料的OLED器件(Nature,1990,347,539)。自此在世界范围内开启了有机电致发光材料和器件研究的热潮。其中发光材料的设计、合成和开发是整个OLED领域的重中之重,对器件的性能起着决定性的影响。早期器件所采用的发光材料主要为有机小分子荧光材料,而自旋统计量子学表明荧光材料的理论内部量子效率仅为25%。直到1998年美国普林斯顿大学的Forrest教授和南加州大学的Thompson教授发现了室温下金属有机配合物分子材料的磷光电致发光现象,利用重金属原子的强自旋轨道耦可以有效促进电子由单线态到三线态的系间蹿越(ISC),从而OLED器件可以充分利用电激发所产生所有单线态和三线态激发子(exciton),使发光材料的理论内部量子效率可达到100%(Nature,1998,395,151)。至此使有机发光材料的研究进入了一个全新的时期。
之后,人们对发光材料的研究重点转移到了重金属钌(II)、铑(II)、铱(III)、金(I)及铂(II)有机配合物磷光材料上,尤其是有机铱和铂配合物的光物理和器件性能表现较为突出(参见Dalton Trans.2009,167;Chem.Soc.Rev.2010,39,638;Chem.Soc.Rev.2013,42,6128;J.Mater.Chem.C,2015,3,913及其中的参考文献)。环金属钌(II)、铑(II)、铱(III)配合物中心离子为d2sp3杂化,配合物结构为八面体构型,一般较为稳定,但是较难同时与两个三齿配体结合,而与四齿配体的配位数不匹配,故所用配体多为双齿配体,结构单一,不利于进一步修饰,制约了这类磷光材料在光物理和器件性能上的进一步发展。早期研究的环金属铂(II)配合物磷光材料多为含有双齿配体和三齿配体的金属有机分子。双齿环金属铂(II)配合物刚性较低,两个双齿配体易扭曲、振动而使其磷光量子效率低下(Inorg.Chem.2002,41,3055);虽然含有三齿配体的环金属铂(II)配合物由于分子刚性增强可以提高金属配合物的磷光量子效率(Inorg.Chem.2010,49,11276),但是所含有的第二个配体(如Cl-、苯氧基负离子、炔负离子、卡宾等)会使配合物的化学稳定性降低,故双齿和三齿环金属铂(II)配合物磷光材料均不利于制备稳定而高效的OLED器件。而环金属铂(II)配合物中心金属离子是dsp2杂化,铂(II)配合物分子为平面四边形构型,易于和四齿配体配位形成稳定的刚性分子。最近,美国亚利桑那州立大学的Jian Li教授课题组设计合成了一系列的含有四齿配体的环金属铂(II)配合物磷光材料,极大地推进了此类磷光材料在OLED领域中的发展和应用。四齿环金属铂(II)配合物磷光材料的优势在于:(1)环金属铂(II)配合物分子为平面四边形构型,易于和四齿配体进行配位,可以通过金属化反应一步合成,易于纯化,不会产生铱(III)基配合物中的facial和meridional异构体;(2)分子刚性强,磷光量子效率高,甚至达到100%;(3)可以有效提高分子的化学稳定性和热稳定性,利于其在OLED器件中的应用;(4)配体结构易于修饰和调节,进而配合物分子最高占有轨道(HOMO)、最低非占有轨道(LUMO)及三线态的能级,从而调控分子的光物理性质,如发光颜色、颜色纯度、激发三线态寿命等,易于设计合成红、绿、蓝等具有各种颜色各种发射光的磷光分子,以满足其在全彩显示和照明领域的要求。近年来对四齿环金属铂(II)配合物的研究逐渐在铂(II)基磷光材料领域占据主导地位,部分器件性能甚至优于铱(III)基磷光材料掺杂的OLED器件,使其在OLED全彩显示和照明领域有着巨大的应用前景(Adv.Mater.DOI:10.1002/adma.201601861;Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2013,52,6753;Inorg.Chem.2013,52,7344;Adv.Mater.2014,26,2931;Adv.Mater.2014,26,7116;Org.Electron.2014,15,1862;Adv.Funct.Mater.2014,24,6066;ACSApple.Mater.Interfaces2015,7,16240;Adv.Opt.Mater.2015,3,390;US 9385329;US9224963)。
而金属钯与铂在元素周期表中处于同一副族,且二价钯离子与二价铂离子同为dsp2杂化,钯(II)配合物分子亦为平面四边形构型,易于和四齿配体配位形成稳定的刚性分子。但是目前对四齿环金属钯(II)配合物磷光分子的研究尚处于起步阶段,相关报道极少,且多以苯基吡啶作为发光基团(Adv.Mater.,2015,27,2533;Chem.Sci.,2016,7,6083)。但是钯盐相对于铂盐更为经济,可降低磷光材料的成本,更为重要的是对于相同配体的铂(II)配合物磷光分子,钯(II)配合物磷光分子的发生光谱会发生明显的蓝移,为目前OLED领域长期未解决的高效而稳定的蓝光材料的开发提供一个新的途径,对开发新的磷光发光材料具有重要意义。
虽然目前金属有机小分子磷光材料已取得了长足的发展,但是至今为止,在量子效率和稳定性方面皆可满足商业化需求的金属有机小分子还及其有限,因此开发新的磷光材料,尤其是蓝光磷光材料的开发,依然具有举足轻重的意义。
发明内容
本发明针对现有磷光材料技术领域发展的缺点和不足,提供了一类基于含有五元杂芳环的四齿环金属钯(II)配合物磷光发光材料,尤其是为蓝光材料的开发提供了一个新的途径。
本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种如式1所示的四齿环金属钯(II)磷光发光材料:
其中,五元杂芳香基团Ar为所述的Ar选自下列之一:2H-1,2,3-三唑其中,X1=N,X2=N,X3=CH;1H-1,2,3-三唑,其中X1=CH,X2=N,X3=N;噁唑其中,X1=O,X2=C,X3=CH;噻唑其中,X1=S,X2=C,X3=CH)或N-甲基咪唑,其中X1=N-Me,X2=C,X3=CH;
R1、R2或R3各自独立为氢、氘、C1-C6的烷基、C1-C6的烷氧基、卤素、胺基、C5-C20的芳基或C5-C20的杂芳基;R4为氢、氘、C1-C6的烷基、C1-C6的烷氧基、卤素、胺基、C5-C20的芳基、C5-C20的杂芳基或与R4相连的杂芳环相邻的两个碳连接相邻位置形成的并环取代基;
n1~n4代表取代基的个数,其中n1为1~3,n2为1~2,n3或n4各自独立为1~4。
进一步,优选所述的n1~n4各自独立为1。
进一步,优选所述的四齿环金属钯(II)配合物磷光发光材料的结构式为下列之一:
本发明所述的各金属配合物磷光材料可以按如下通式方法进行制备,但是不仅限于以下方法:
(1)以(3-羟基苯基)-杂芳基类化合物ROH、N-(2-吡啶基)-2-溴-咔唑类化合物RBr为原料,碘化亚铜为催化剂,加入2-吡啶甲酸和磷酸钾,抽换氮气三次,在溶剂二甲基亚砜中,于90~120℃下搅拌2~6天,冷却至室温,得到反应混合物A,经乙酸乙酯稀释,过滤,乙酸乙酯洗涤,所得滤液用水洗涤3次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压旋蒸除去溶剂,将所得粗品通过硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,得中间产物配体;所述的1-(3-羟基苯基)-杂芳基类化合物ROH与N-(4-吡啶基)-2-溴-咔唑类化合物RBr、碘化亚铜、2-吡啶甲酸、磷酸钾的物质的量之比为1:1.2~1.5:0.05~0.2:0.05~0.4:2.0~3.0;所述的溶剂的加入量以1-(3-羟基苯基)-杂芳基类化合物ROH的物质的量计为1~10mL/mmol;
(2)向步骤(1)所得中间产物配体中加入Pd(OAc)2和nBu4NBr,抽换氮气三次,然后加入溶剂醋酸,于室温下先搅拌反应0~24h,然后再升温至105-120℃继续搅拌反应1-4天,得到反应混合物B,经冷却至室温,减压旋蒸除去溶剂,将所得粗品通过硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,得目标产物Pd(II)配合物;所述配体与Pd(OAc)2、nBu4NBr的物质的量配比关系为1:1.0~1.2:0.1~0.2,所述醋酸的加入量以配体A的物质的量计为50~70mL/mmol。
以上是合成此类化合物的一般方法,其中各反应原料、催化剂、配体和溶剂的用量根据具体反应情况可以适当进行调节,不仅仅限于以上范围;反应时间、反应温度根据具体反应情况亦可调整,不仅仅限于以上范围。
本发明所述的四齿环金属钯(II)磷光发光材料在作为有机电致发光器件的发光层中的应用。具体的,将本发明制备得到的磷光材料分别配成二氯甲烷溶液,然后在分别在HITACHI生产的F-7000荧光光谱仪上测定,其发射光谱图表明这些磷光发光材料可作为有机电致发光器件的发光层中应用的潜能。
更为具体地,本发明所述的四齿环金属钯(II)磷光发光材料可作为ITO/HATCN/NPD/磷光发光材料的有机电致发光器件主体材料/Balq/Alq3/LiF/Al的发光层中的应用;所述的主体材料可以是CBP、TrisPCZ或Bebq2。
与现有技术相比,本发明的的有益效果在于:
(1)环金属钯(II)配合物易于合成,结构单一、分子量确定,易于纯化,不会产生铱(III)基配合物中的facial和meridional异构体;
(2)分子刚性强,可以有效减少由于分子振动所消耗的能量,磷光发光强度高;产物可作为一种有机磷光发光材料或有机发光器件的发光层;
(3)相对于双齿和三齿配合物而言,四齿环金属钯(II)配合物可以有效提高分子的化学稳定性和热稳定性,利于其在OLED器件中的应用;
(4)为蓝光磷光材料的开发提供了一个新的途径,具有重要意义。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中有机磷光发光材料Pd1在室温下二氯甲烷溶液中的发射光谱图。
图2为实施例2中有机磷光发光材料Pd2在室温下二氯甲烷溶液中的发射光谱图。
图3为实施例3中有机磷光发光材料Pd3在室温下二氯甲烷溶液中的发射光谱图。
图4为实施例4中有机磷光发光材料Pd4在室温下二氯甲烷溶液中的发射光谱图。
图5为实施例5中有机磷光发光材料Pd5在室温下二氯甲烷溶液中的发射光谱图。
图6为实施例6中有机磷光发光材料Pd6在室温下二氯甲烷溶液中的发射光谱图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此。
本发明所述原料3-羟基苯基-杂芳基类化合物ROH(Adv.Mater.2014,26,7116)、N-(2-吡啶基)-2-溴-咔唑类化合物RBr(J.Org.Chem.2017,82,1024)的制备方法属于现有技术,具体可按照如下步骤进行。
实施例1:四齿环金属钯配合物磷光材料Pd1合成路线如下:
2-(3-甲氧基苯基)-2H-1,2,3-三唑1A和1-(3-甲氧基苯基)-2H-1,2,3-三唑1A'的合成:向带有磁力转子和冷凝管的100mL三口瓶中依次加入2H-1,2,3-三唑(2.04g,30.0mmol,1.0eq),CuI(571.0mg,3.0mmol,0.10eq),配体L-脯氨酸(690.0mg,6mmol,0.20eq)和K2CO3(8.29g,60.0mmol,2.0eq)。抽换氮气三次,然后加入3-甲氧基溴苯(7.53mL,60.0mmol,2.0eq)和溶剂二甲基亚砜(60mL)。反应混合物置于120℃油浴反应3天。冷却至室温,加入100mL水淬灭反应,加入100mL乙酸乙酯稀释,硅藻土抽滤,并用乙酸乙酯充分清洗,所得液相分液后,用50mL乙酸乙酯萃取水相3次,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,滤液减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗品通过硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,淋洗剂(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=20:1-1:1),得1A白色固体2.30g,收率44%,1A'黄色液体1.79g,收率34%。1A:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.85(s,3H),7.01(ddd,J=8.0,2.5,0.5Hz,1H),7.47(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.55(t,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.61(ddd,J=8.0,2.0,1.0Hz,1H),8.12(s,2H).1A`:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.85(s,3H),7.04-7.07(m,1H),7.48-7.51(m,3H),7.98(d,J=1.0Hz,1H),8.86(d,J=1.0Hz,1H).
2-(3-羟基苯基)-2H-1,2,3-三唑1B的合成:将2-(3-甲氧基苯基)-2H-1,2,3-三唑1A(1.36g,7.70mmol),浓氢溴酸(20.0mL,浓度48%)和醋酸(40.0mL)在装有磁力搅拌子和冷凝管的单口瓶中120℃下回流2天。然后让混合物自然冷却至室温,减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂和水,所得混合物用碳酸氢钠溶液中和至无气泡产生为止。乙酸乙酯萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩得目标产物2-(3-羟基苯基)-2H-1,2,3-三唑1B棕色固体1.24g,收率99%。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ6.80(t,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.32-7.36(m,1H),7.45(s,2H),8.08(d,J =4.5Hz,2H),9.99(d,J=4.5Hz,1H).
2-(3-(2-(2H-1,2,3-三唑基))苯氧基)-9-(2-吡啶基)-9H-咔唑配体1的合成:向带有磁力转子的干燥100mL三口瓶中依次加入2-(3-羟基苯基)-2H-1,2,3-三唑1B(1.23g,7.60mmol,1.0eq),2-溴-9-(2-吡啶基)咔唑(2.96g,9.16mmol,1.2eq),碘化亚铜(144mg,0.76mmol,0.1eq),2-吡啶甲酸(187mg,1.52mmol,0.2eq),磷酸钾(3.39g,15.96mmol,2.1eq)。抽换氮气三次,然后加入溶剂二甲基亚砜(30mL)。然后反应混合物于95~105℃下搅拌6天,冷却至室温,大量乙酸乙酯稀释,过滤,乙酸乙酯洗涤。所得滤液用水洗3次,无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,滤液减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗品通过硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,淋洗剂(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10:1~5:1),得目标产物粘稠液体1.63g,收率53%(含有少许1B),直接用于下一步反应。
四齿环金属钯配合物磷光材料Pd1的合成:向带有磁力转子和冷凝管的250mL三口瓶中依次加入上步中所得2-(3-(2-(2H-1,2,3-三唑基))苯氧基)-9-(2-吡啶基)-9H-咔唑配体1(530mg,1.31mmol,1.0eq),Pd(OAc)2(352mg,1.44mmol,1.1eq)和nBu4NBr(42mg,0.131mmol,0.1eq)。抽换氮气三次,然后加入溶剂醋酸(78mL),于105-115℃下搅拌1天。所得反应混合物冷却至室温,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗品通过硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,淋洗剂(二氯甲烷),得白色固体391mg,收率59%。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ7.16(ddd,J=8.0,2.5,1.0Hz,1H),7.26(dd,J=8.0,2.5Hz,1H),7.36(dd,J=8.0,2.5Hz,1H),7.39-7.42(m,1H),7.47-7.50(m,2H),7.58(dd,J=7.0,1.0Hz,1H),7.99(dd,J=8.0,2.5Hz,1H),8.07(ddd,J=8.0,2.0,0.5Hz,1H),8.19-8.25(m,3H),8.41(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),8.63(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),9.08-9.09(m,1H)。HRMS(MALDI-FT_DHB)for C25H16N5O102Pd[M]+:calcd504.0405,found 504.0404.Pd1在室温下二氯甲烷溶液中的发射光谱图如附图1所示。
实施例2:四齿环金属钯配合物磷光材料Pd2合成路线如下:
1-(3-羟基苯基)-1H-1,2,3-三唑1B的合成:将实施例1中所制备的1-(3-甲氧基苯基)-1H-1,2,3-三唑1A'(3.69g,21.0mmol,1.0eq),氢溴酸(45mL),醋酸(25mL),置于120℃油浴当中,空气中回流反应3天,冷却至室温,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,加入30mL水,加入碳酸钾的饱和溶液,滴定至无气泡产生。乙酸乙酯萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,取有机相旋蒸至干燥,得到棕色固体2.75g,产率为81%。
2-(3-(1-(1H-1,2,3-三唑基))苯氧基)-9-(2-吡啶基)-9H-咔唑配体2的合成:向带有磁力转子的干燥100mL三口瓶中依次加入2-(3-羟基苯基)-2H-1,2,3-三唑(696.0mg,4.32mmol,1.0eq),2-溴-9-(2-吡啶基)咔唑(2.09g,6.48mmol,1.5eq),碘化亚铜(41.1mg,0.22mmol,0.05eq),2-吡啶甲酸(74.3mg,0.22mmol,0.05eq),磷酸钾(1.4g,6.48mmol,1.5eq)。抽换氮气三次,然后加入溶剂二甲基亚砜(25mL)。然后反应混合物于120℃下搅拌2天,冷却至室温,大量乙酸乙酯稀释,过滤,乙酸乙酯洗涤。所得滤液用水洗3次,无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,滤液减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗品通过硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,淋洗剂(石油醚/二氯甲烷=3:1-0:1),得目标产物淡黄色固体558.3mg,收率32%。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ7.12(ddd,J=8.0,2.5,0.5Hz,1H),7.12(dd,J=8.0,3.0Hz,1H),7.34-7.37(m,1H),7.44-7.48(m,2H),7.56-7.59(m,2H),7.62(t,J=2.5Hz,1H),7.68(ddd,J=8.0,2.5,1.0Hz,1H),7.80(dd,J=8.5,4.5Hz,2H),7.96(d,J=1.0Hz,1H),8.09(td,J=8.0,2.0Hz,1H),8.24(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),8.31(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),8.68(ddd,J=5.0,2.0,1.5Hz,1H),8.86(d,J=1.5Hz,1H).
四齿环金属钯配合物磷光材料Pd2的合成:向带有磁力转子和冷凝管的100mL三口瓶中依次加入2-(3-(1-(1H-1,2,3-三唑基))苯氧基)-9-(2-吡啶基)-9H-咔唑配体2(300mg,0.74mmol,1.0eq),Pd(OAc)2(183mg,0.82mmol,1.1eq)和nBu4NBr(24mg,0.074mmol,0.1eq)。抽换氮气三次,然后加入溶剂醋酸(44mL),反应混合物于105~115℃下搅拌搅拌下回流2天。所得反应混合物冷却至室温,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗品通过硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,淋洗剂(石油醚/二氯甲烷=1:1-0:1),得白色固体144mg,收率38%。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ7.19(dd,J=8.0,0.5Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.38-7.41(m,2H),7.44-7.46(m,1H),7.49-7.52(m,1H),7.72(dd,J=7.5,1.0Hz,1H),8.02(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.07(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),8.18-8.24(m,3H),8.36(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),9.39(d,J=1.0Hz,1H),9.81(ddd,J=6.0,1.5,0.5Hz,1H).HRMS(MALDI-FT_DHB)for C25H16N5O102Pd[M+H]+:calcd 504.0405,found 504.0404.Pd2在室温下二氯甲烷溶液中的发射光谱图如附图2所示。
实施例3:四齿环金属钯配合物磷光材料Pd3合成路线如下:
2-(3-(1-(1H-1,2,3-三唑基))苯氧基)-9-(2-(4-甲基-吡啶基))-9H-咔唑配体3的合成:向带有磁力转子的干燥100mL三口瓶中依次加入实施例2中所得的2-(3-羟基苯基)-2H-1,2,3-三唑1B'(483.5g,3.0mmol,1.0eq),2-溴-9-(2-(4-甲基-吡啶基))咔唑(1.21g,3.6mmol,1.2eq),碘化亚铜(57.1mg,0.3mmol,0.1eq),2-吡啶甲酸(73.9mg,0.6mmol,0.2eq),磷酸钾(1.34g,6.3mmol,2.1eq)。抽换氮气三次,然后加入溶剂二甲基亚砜(5mL)。然后反应混合物于105℃下搅拌3天,冷却至室温,大量乙酸乙酯稀释,过滤,乙酸乙酯洗涤。所得滤液用水洗3次,无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,滤液减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗品通过硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,淋洗剂(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5:1-1:1),得目标产物淡黄色固体960.6mg,收率81%。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ2.43(s,3H),7.10-7.13(m,2H),7.29(d,J=5.5Hz,1H),7.33-7.36(m,1H),7.45(td,J=7.5,1.5Hz,1H),7.54(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),7.58(t,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.60(s,1H),7.64(t,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.68(ddd,J=8.0,2.0,0.5Hz,1H),7.78(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),8.23(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),8.30(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),8.52(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),8.87(d,J=1.0Hz,1H)
四齿环金属钯配合物磷光材料Pd3的合成:向带有磁力转子和冷凝管的100mL三口瓶中依次加入2-(3-(1-(1H-1,2,3-三唑基))苯氧基)-9-(2-(4-甲基-吡啶基))-咔唑配体3(542.5mg,1.3mmol,1.0eq),Pd(AcO)2(321.1mg,1.43mmol,1.1eq)和nBu4NBr(41.9mg,0.13mmol,0.1eq)。抽换氮气三次,然后加入溶剂醋酸(78mL),于在110℃下搅拌回流反应2天。所得反应混合物冷却至室温,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗品通过硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,淋洗剂(石油醚/二氯甲烷=1:1-1:4),得黄色固体235.5mg,收率34%。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ2.49(s,3H),7.14(dd,J=6.5,0.5Hz,1H),7.17(dd,J=6.0,1.0Hz,1H),7.25(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.34-7.38(m,2H),7.42(td,J=7.0,1.0Hz,1H),7.65(dd,J=8.0,1.0Hz,1H),7.91(s,1H),7.98(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.04(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.16(dd,J=7.5,1.0Hz,1H),8.30(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),9.32(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),9.56(d,J=6.0Hz,1H).Pd3在室温下二氯甲烷溶液中的发射光谱图如附图3所示。
实施例4:四齿环金属钯配合物磷光材料Pd4合成路线如下:
2-(3-甲氧基苯基)噁唑4A的合成:在磁力转子的搅拌下,3-甲氧基苯甲酰胺(2.00g,13.23mmol)与(2-溴-1-二乙氧基)乙烷(5.0mL)于115℃下回流3小时。然后让混合物自然冷却至室温,用甲醇/水混合物淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取,水洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩滤液。所得粗品通过硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,淋洗剂(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10:1-5:1),得黄色液体1.30g,收率56%。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.88(s,3H),7.01(ddd,J=8.0,2.5,1.0Hz,1H),7.24(d,J=1.0Hz,1H),7.37(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.59(dd,J=2.5,2.0Hz,1H),7.63-7.65(m,1H),7.71(d,J=0.5Hz,1H).
2-(3-羟基苯基)噁唑4B的合成:2-(3-甲氧基苯基)噁唑4A(1.30g,7.42mmol),浓氢溴酸(15.0mL,浓度48%)和醋酸(15.0mL)在装有磁力搅拌子和冷凝管的单口瓶中在120℃下回流2天。然后让混合物自然冷却至室温,减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂和水,所得混合物用碳酸氢钠溶液中和至无气泡产生为止。乙酸乙酯萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩滤液。所得粗品通过硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,淋洗剂(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=1:1,然后石油醚/乙酸乙酯/甲醇=1:1:1),得目标产物510mg,收率43%。直接用于下一步反应。
2-(3-(2-噁唑基)苯氧基)-9-(2-吡啶基)-9H-咔唑配体4的合成:向带有磁力转子的干燥反应管中依次加入2-(3-羟基苯基)噁唑(502mg,3.11mmol,1.0eq),2-溴-9-(2-吡啶基)咔唑(1.21g,3.73mmol,1.2eq),碘化亚铜(59.2mg,0.3mmol,0.1eq),2-吡啶甲酸(73.9mg,0.6mmol,0.4eq),磷酸钾(1.4g,6.5mmol,2.1eq)。抽换氮气三次,然后加入溶剂二甲基亚砜(6mL)。反应混合物于110℃下搅拌3天。冷却,大量乙酸乙酯稀释,过滤,乙酸乙酯洗涤。所得滤液用水洗3次,无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,滤液减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗品通过硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,淋洗剂(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10:1-1:1),得黄色固体917.7mg,收率73%。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ7.11(dd,J=3.5,2.0Hz,1H),7.21(ddd,J=8.0,2.5,0.5Hz,1H),7.34-7.37(m,2H),7.45-7.48(m,2H),7.50(dd,J=2.5,2.0Hz,1H),7.54(t,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.72(dt,J=8.0,1.0Hz,1H),7.78-7.80(m,2H),7.72(td,J=7.5,1.5Hz,1H),8.18(d,J=1.0Hz,1H),8.25(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),8.31(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),8.68(ddd,J=5.0,2.0,0.5Hz,1H).
四齿环金属钯配合物磷光材料Pd4的合成:向带有磁力转子和冷凝管的100mL三口瓶中依次加入2-(3-(2-噁唑基)苯氧基)-9-(2-吡啶基)-9H-咔唑配体4(798.5mg,1.98mmol,1.0eq),Pd(OAc)2(489.4mg,2.18mmol,1.1eq)和nBu4NBr(64.5mg,0.2mmol,0.1eq)。抽换氮气三次,然后加入溶剂醋酸(120mL),于110℃下搅拌2天。所得反应混合物冷却至室温,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗品通过硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,淋洗剂(石油醚/二氯甲烷=3:1-1:1),得黄色固体756.5mg,收率67%。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ7.15(dd,J=8.0,1.0Hz,1H),7.22(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.26(dd,J=8.0,7.5Hz,1H),7.37-7.41(m,1H),7.44-7.48(m,2H),7.54(dd,J=7.5,1.0Hz,1H),7.94(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.99(d,J=3.5Hz,1H),8.06(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.11(d,J=3.5Hz,1H),8.15-8.20(m,3H),9.06(dd,J=5.5,1.0Hz,1H).Pd4在室温下二氯甲烷溶液中的发射光谱图如附图4所示。
实施例5:四齿环金属铂配合物磷光材料Pt5合成路线如下:
2-(3-甲氧基苯基)噻唑5A的合成:向带有磁力转子和冷凝管的100mL三口瓶中依次加入3-甲氧基苯硼酸(1.82g,12.0mmol,1.2eq),Pd(PPh3)4(231mg,0.2mmol,0.02eq)和Na2CO3(2.12g,20.0mmol,2.0eq)。抽换氮气三次,然后加入2-溴噻唑(900uL,10.0mmol,1.0eq),溶剂甲苯(20mL)和水(10mL)。反应混合物在100℃下回流36小时。然后冷却至室温,乙酸乙酯萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,滤液减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗品通过硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,淋洗剂(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10:1-5:1),得无色液体945mg,收率50%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ3.89(s,3H),6.98(dd,J=8.5,2.5Hz,1H),7.34(d,J=3.5Hz,1H),7.36(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),7.53(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),7.87(d,J=8.0Hz,1H).
2-(3-羟基苯基)噻唑5B的合成:2-(3-甲氧基苯基)噻唑5A(940mg,4.95mmol),浓氢溴酸(10.0mL,浓度48%)和醋酸(10.0mL)在装有磁力搅拌子和冷凝管的单口瓶中在120℃下回流20小时。然后让混合物自然冷却至室温,减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂和水,所得混合物用碳酸氢钠溶液中和至无气泡产生为止。过滤所产生的沉淀物,用水洗涤3次,干燥,得目标产物棕色固体536mg,收率61%。直接用于下一步反应。
2-(3-(2-噻唑基)苯氧基)-9-(2-吡啶基)-9H-咔唑配体5的合成:向带有磁力转子的干燥反应管中依次加入2-(3-羟基苯基)噻唑5B(322mg,1.80mmol,1.0eq),2-溴-9-(2-吡啶基)咔唑(698mg,2.20mmol,1.2eq),碘化亚铜(17mg,0.09mmol,0.05eq),2-吡啶甲酸(31mg,0.09mmol,0.05eq),磷酸钾(573mg,2.70mmol,1.50eq)。抽换氮气三次,然后加入溶剂二甲基亚砜(6mL)。反应混合物于110℃下搅拌3天。冷却至室温,大量乙酸乙酯稀释,过滤,乙酸乙酯洗涤。所得滤液用水洗3次,无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,滤液减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗品通过硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,淋洗剂(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10:1-3:1-1:1),得粘稠无色液体594mg,收率79%。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ7.10(dd,J=8.5,2.0Hz,1H),7.16(ddd,J=8.5,2.5,1.0Hz,1H),7.33-7.37(m,1H),7.44-7.47(m,2H),7.50(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.55-7.56(m,2H),7.66(ddd,J=7.5,1.5,1.0Hz,1H),7.78(dd,J=2.0,1.0Hz,2H),7.80(d,J=0.5Hz,1H),7.87(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),8.06-8.09(m,1H),8.24(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),8.30(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),8.68(ddd,J=5.0,2.0,0.5Hz,1H).
四齿环金属钯配合物磷光材料Pd5的合成:向带有磁力转子和冷凝管的100mL三口瓶中依次加入2-(3-(2-噻唑基)苯氧基)-9-(2-吡啶基)-9H-咔唑配体5(506.5mg,1.21mmol,1.0eq),Pd(OAc)2(298.2mg,1.33mmol,1.1eq)和nBu4NBr(41.9mg,0.13mmol,0.1eq)。抽换氮气三次,然后加入溶剂醋酸(73mL),于110℃下搅拌2天。所得反应混合物冷却至室温,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗品通过硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,淋洗剂(石油醚/二氯甲烷=3:1-1:1),得黄色固体663.4mg,收率99%。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ7.21(dd,J=8.0,1.0Hz,1H),7.23(d,J=6.5Hz,1H),7.31(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.38-7.41(m,1H),7.44-7.48(m,3H),7.87(d,J=0.5Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.06(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),8.16-8.22(m,3H),8.52(d,J=1.0Hz,1H),9.03(dd,J=5.5,1.0Hz,1H).Pd5在室温下二氯甲烷溶液中的发射光谱图如附图5所示。
实施例6:四齿环金属钯配合物磷光材料Pd6合成路线如下:
2-(3-甲氧基苯基)咪唑6A的合成:将1L的四口烧瓶排换氮气三次后,依次加入3-甲氧基苯甲醛(13.62g,100mmol,1.0eq),乙二醛(114.3ml,1000mmol,10.0eq),在冰浴冷却,于0-5℃下缓慢滴加氨水,滴加完毕后于此温度下再搅拌15分钟。然后移走冰浴,室温下搅拌反应48小时。反应液过滤,将母液浓缩至200ml左右,所得沉淀抽滤得到固体,用少量甲醇洗涤,干燥,得棕色固体11.34g,收率65%。所得母液用二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机相,用盐水洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,将所得粗品通过硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,硅胶柱用二氯甲烷装柱,淋洗剂(二氯甲烷/甲醇=10:1),得棕色固体3.40g,收率20%。总收率85%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.82(s,3H),6.87-6.90(m,1H),7.00(bs,1H),7.23(bs,1H),7.33(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.49-7.51(m,2H),12.47(br,1H).
2-(3-甲氧基苯基)-1-甲基咪唑6B的合成:向250ml的三口瓶中依次加入2-(3-甲氧基苯基)咪唑6A(4.34g,24.9mmol,1.0eq),氢氧化钠(1.10g,27.4mmol,1.1eq),抽换氮气三次后,加入四氢呋喃(90mL)和碘甲烷(1.63mL,26.1mmol,1.1eq),然后室温搅拌下反应23小时至反应原料消耗完毕。减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂,将所得粗品通过硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,硅胶柱用二氯甲烷装柱,淋洗剂(二氯甲烷/甲醇=100:3-100:4),得棕色液体4.01g,收率86%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.74(s,3H),3.80(s,3H),6.96(d,J=0.8Hz,1H),6.98-7.00(m,1H),7.20-7.24(m,3H),7.38(t,J=8.0Hz,1H).
3-(2-(1-甲基)咪唑)苯酚6C的合成:2-(3-甲氧基苯基)-1-甲基咪唑6B(3.56mg,18.92mmol),浓氢溴酸(35.0mL,浓度48%)和醋酸(10.0mL)在装有磁力搅拌子和冷凝管的单口瓶中在120℃下回流24小时。然后让混合物自然冷却至室温,减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂和水,所得混合物用碳酸钠溶液中和至无气泡产生为止。过滤所产生的沉淀物,用水洗涤3次,干燥,得目标产物灰色固体3.09g,收率94%。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.72(s,3H),6.81(ddd,J=8.5,2.5,1.0Hz,1H),6.95(d,J=1.0Hz,1H),7.07-7.09(m,2H),7.22(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.26(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),9.61(s,1H).
配体6的合成:向带有磁力转子的干燥反应管中依次加入2-(3-甲氧基苯基)-1-甲基咪唑6B(348mg,2.0mmol,1.0eq),2-溴-9-(2-吡啶基)咔唑(776mg,2.4mmol,1.2eq),碘化亚铜(38mg,0.2mmol,0.10eq),2-吡啶甲酸(49mg,0.4mmol,0.2eq),磷酸钾(892mg,4.2mmol,2.1eq)。抽换氮气三次,然后加入溶剂二甲基亚砜(4mL)。反应混合物于110℃下搅拌3天。冷却至室温,乙酸乙酯稀释萃取,有机相用水洗三次,无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,滤液减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗品通过硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,淋洗剂(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=5:1-3:1-1:1),得红色固体747mg,收率90%。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.72(s,3H),6.92(d,J=1.0Hz,1H),7.08-7.11(m,2H),7.23(d,J=1.0Hz,1H),7.31(t,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.34(td,J=8.0,0.5Hz,1H),7.42-7.49(m,4H),7.53(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.78(dd,J=8.0,5.5Hz,2H),8.09(td,J=8.0,2.0Hz,1H),8.23(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),8.28(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),8.68(ddd,J=4.5,1.5,1.0Hz,1H).
四齿环金属钯配合物磷光材料Pd6的合成:向带有磁力转子和冷凝管的100mL单口瓶中依次加入配体6(460mg,1.10mmol,1.0eq),Pd(OAc)2(272mg,1.21mmol,1.1eq)和nBu4NBr(35.4mg,0.11mmol,0.1eq)。抽换氮气三次,然后加入溶剂醋酸(66mL),于室温下先搅拌12h,然后在110℃下搅拌3天。反应混合物冷却至室温,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,将所得粗品通过硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,淋洗剂(石油醚/二氯甲烷=3:1-1:1-二氯甲烷),得浅黄色固体522.1mg,收率91%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ4.03(s,3H),6.92(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.10-7.12(m,1H),7.14(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.22-7.25(m,2H),7.31-7.38(m,4H),7.81-7.86(m,2H),7.90(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),8.02(dd,J=7.0,1.5Hz,1H),8.13(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),9.12(dd,J=5.5,1.5Hz,1H).Pd6在室温下二氯甲烷溶液中的发射光谱图如附图6所示。
将上述制备得到的磷光材料分别配成二氯甲烷溶液,然后在分别在HITACHI生产的F-7000荧光光谱仪上测定实施例1~6所制备的有机磷光发光材料的发射光谱图,结果如图1~图6所示。
显然,上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明的内容所做的举例,而非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础之上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动,这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以一一举例。而由此所引申的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之中。
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