CN107417283A - 一种复合陶瓷材料及其制备的电饭煲内胆 - Google Patents

一种复合陶瓷材料及其制备的电饭煲内胆 Download PDF

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CN107417283A
CN107417283A CN201710308220.4A CN201710308220A CN107417283A CN 107417283 A CN107417283 A CN 107417283A CN 201710308220 A CN201710308220 A CN 201710308220A CN 107417283 A CN107417283 A CN 107417283A
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parts
ceramic material
aluminium nitride
composite ceramic
electric cooker
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孙继旋
张科研
甘冠蓝
王宁
钟恒成
王刚
张庆峰
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Qinzhou University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种复合陶瓷材料及其制备的电饭煲内胆，该复合材料由以下重量份原料组成：氮化铝50～70份、Y2O3 1～2份、La2O3 2～3份、SiO2 10～15份、B2O3 10～20份、纳米TiO2 1～1.5份。电饭煲内胆是由以下步骤制成：1)称取配方量的各原料；2)将上述原料经混料机混合均匀，充填入模型中，在1400～1500℃的高温熔块炉熔化，倒入模具中成型，即得陶瓷内胆。本发明能显著提高氮化铝陶瓷内胆的热传导率，大大节约能耗。

Description

一种复合陶瓷材料及其制备的电饭煲内胆
技术领域
本发明属于陶瓷材料领域，具体涉及一种复合陶瓷材料以及制备的电饭煲内胆。
背景技术
电饭煲是大众的必须日用品，目前市场上的电饭煲内胆主要采用铝合金材料。铝合金材料具有质量轻、热传导性好等优点，采用各种涂覆技术后还能不粘锅。但由于机械作用易使得涂层的化学材料或铝元素进入人体，对人体健康造成危害。如将陶瓷内胆应用于电饭煲中取代普通的铝合金内胆，可克服铝胆易粘锅、不易刷洗、铝元素对人体有害等一系列缺点。然而陶瓷内胆也存在一些劣势，加热慢，导热率低，传热不均，常发生煮饭半生不熟的问题。因此，研究一种传热效率高，节能降耗，使用寿命长的陶瓷内胆迫在眉睫。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种提高热传导率的电饭煲陶瓷内胆的制备方法，该方法制得的陶瓷内胆热传导率高，大大节省能耗。
本发明提供的技术方案是电饭煲陶瓷内胆的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)称取以下重量份的原料：氮化铝50～70份、Y2O3 1～2份、La2O3 2～3份、SiO2 10～15份、B2O3 10～20份、纳米TiO2 1～1.5份；
2)将上述原料经混料机混合均匀，充填入模型中，在1400～1500℃的高温熔块炉熔化，倒入模具中成型，即得陶瓷内胆。
氮化铝烧结温度高达2000℃，难以烧结致密，晶体中存在大量气孔，导致热导率较低，仅为66.74W/m·K。为了降低烧结温度，提高晶体致密度，必须向其中加入助溶剂，氧化钇和氧化镧是常用的助溶剂，Y2O3、La2O3与氮化铝粉体表面的Al2O3反应生成AlYO3、Al2Y4O9和Al5Y3O12等钇铝酸盐相和镧铝酸盐，能够在较低温条件下形成液相，润湿氮化铝晶粒，从而有效促进氮化铝陶瓷的致密烧结。另一方面助溶剂与氮化铝晶格中的氧杂质发生反应生成第二相，使氧杂质由晶粒内部向晶界迁移，使晶格净化，从而提高热导率。
SiO2与氮化铝结构相似，能够形成陶瓷的骨架。Si-O键键力强，骨架完整，热稳定性、耐化学腐蚀性能好。
B2O3具有较小的表面张力和低的弹性模数，可以减少氮化铝晶体表面张力，促进氮化铝晶体长大。
氮化铝在烧结初期，质点扩散能力弱，形成的晶核难以长大，纳米TiO2在烧结后期分解的Ti4+和O2-通过扩散迁移到氮化铝晶核表面，颗粒边界的表面能很大，在这种驱动力作用下，小粒子会逐渐扩散、熔合形成大的粒子，从而降低了表面能，小晶粒和大晶粒界面间存在过剩表面能，成为烧结驱动力，推动小晶粒内部质点能越过晶界向大晶粒内部扩散，引起晶界移动，使大晶粒进一步长大，并伴随着小晶粒的兼并和消失，而且也降低了氮化铝的烧结温度。
纳米TiO2分解的Ti4+和O2-的粒子迁移可带动其他助剂与氮化铝晶体表面的氧化铝粉体反应生成的第二相迁移至氮化铝晶界三角处时，减少氮化铝热传导散射，从而提高热传导率。
纳米TiO2的添加量仅为1～1.5份，过多会导致Ti4+和O2-覆盖氮化铝晶粒，阻止晶粒长大；过少会造成表面驱动力不足，影响氮化铝颗粒长大，而且生成的第二相也将无法扩散到晶界三角处，而是停留在晶界处，导致陶瓷内胆热传导率大大降低。
上述氮化铝是采用Al2O3粉末与炭黑粉末经过球磨混合，在流动的氮气气氛中以氧化钙为催化剂，在1500～1700℃下反应生成；反应完成后，在700～800℃的干燥空气中进行脱碳处理。
上述Al2O3粉末中阳离子杂质含量≤0.02％，其中硅和铁杂质的含量百分比均＜0.001％。
上述炭黑粉末的平均粒度为35～40nm，比表面积≤90m2/g。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1)本发明的陶瓷的烧制温度可降低至1400～1500℃，烧结致密，气孔少，使得陶瓷晶格在振动过程中不容易遇到气孔，振动不会瞬间减弱，避免产生湮没效应，确保平均自由程基本不变，从而保证其热传导性能。
2)本发明的陶瓷烧结达到致密时，氮化铝晶粒较大，其晶界相应较小，在晶格振动过程中，晶界会对振动产生极小的散射，从而增加热传导性能。
3)本发明添加的其他助剂与氮化铝分体表面的氧化铝粉体反应生成的第二相位于氮化铝晶界三角处时，其与氮化铝晶格振动的相干减弱效应显著降低，其热传导性能大幅提高。
具体实施方式
以下具体实施例对本发明作进一步阐述，但不作为对本发明的限定。
以下百分数为重量百分数。
实施例1
1)所述氮化铝是采用Al2O3粉末与炭黑粉末经过球磨混合，在流动的氮气气氛中以氧化钙为催化剂，在1500℃下反应生成；反应完成后，在700℃的干燥空气中进行脱碳处理。所述Al2O3粉末中阳离子杂质含量≤0.02％，其中硅和铁杂质的含量百分比均＜0.001％；所述炭黑粉末的平均粒度为35nm，比表面积≤90m2/g；
2)称取以下重量份的原料：氮化铝50份、Y2O3 1份、La2O3 2份、SiO2 10份、B2O3 10份、纳米TiO2 1份；
3)将上述原料经混料机混合均匀，充填入模型中，在1400℃的高温熔块炉熔化，倒入模具中成型，即得陶瓷内胆。检测其热传导率为320.18W/m·K。
实施例2
1)所述氮化铝是采用Al2O3粉末与炭黑粉末经过球磨混合，在流动的氮气气氛中以氧化钙为催化剂，在1700℃下反应生成；反应完成后，在800℃的干燥空气中进行脱碳处理；所述Al2O3粉末中阳离子杂质含量≤0.02％，其中硅和铁杂质的含量百分比均＜0.001％；所述炭黑粉末的平均粒度为40nm，比表面积≤90m2/g。
2)称取以下重量份的原料：氮化铝70份、Y2O3 2份、La2O3 3份、SiO2 15份、B2O3 20份、纳米TiO2 1.5份；
3)将上述原料经混料机混合均匀，充填入模型中，在1500℃的高温熔块炉熔化，倒入模具中成型，即得陶瓷内胆。检测其热传导率为328.15W/m·K。
实施例3
1)所述氮化铝是采用Al2O3粉末与炭黑粉末经过球磨混合，在流动的氮气气氛中以氧化钙为催化剂，在1600℃下反应生成；反应完成后，在750℃的干燥空气中进行脱碳处理；所述Al2O3粉末中阳离子杂质含量≤0.02％，其中硅和铁杂质的含量百分比均＜0.001％；所述炭黑粉末的平均粒度为35～40nm，比表面积≤90m2/g；
2)称取以下重量份的原料：氮化铝60份、Y2O3 1.5份、La2O3 2.5份、SiO2 13份、B2O315份、纳米TiO2 1.2份；
3)将上述原料经混料机混合均匀，充填入模型中，在1450℃的高温熔块炉熔化，倒入模具中成型，即得陶瓷内胆。检测其热传导率为314.30W/m·K。
实施例4
1)所述氮化铝是采用Al2O3粉末与炭黑粉末经过球磨混合，在流动的氮气气氛中以氧化钙为催化剂，在1500℃下反应生成；反应完成后，在800℃的干燥空气中进行脱碳处理；所述Al2O3粉末中阳离子杂质含量≤0.02％，其中硅和铁杂质的含量百分比均＜0.001％；所述炭黑粉末的平均粒度为35nm，比表面积≤90m2/g。
2)称取以下重量份的原料：氮化铝70份、Y2O3 1份、La2O3 3份、SiO2 10份、B2O3 20份、纳米TiO2 1份；
3)将上述原料经混料机混合均匀，充填入模型中，在1500℃的高温熔块炉熔化，倒入模具中成型，即得陶瓷内胆。检测其热传导率为310.73W/m·K。

Claims (5)

1.一种复合陶瓷材料，其特征在于：由以下重量份原料组成：氮化铝50～70份、Y2O3 1～2份、La2O3 2～3份、SiO2 10～15份、B2O3 10～20份、纳米TiO2 1～1.5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合陶瓷材料，其特征在于：所述氮化铝是采用Al2O3粉末与炭黑粉末经过球磨混合，在流动的氮气气氛中以氧化钙为催化剂，在1500～1700℃下反应生成；反应完成后，在700～800℃的干燥空气中进行脱碳处理。
3.根据权利要求2所述的复合陶瓷材料，其特征在于：所述Al2O3粉末中阳离子杂质含量≤0.02％，其中硅和铁杂质的含量百分比均＜0.001％。
4.根据权利要求2所述的复合陶瓷材料，其特征在于：所述炭黑粉末的平均粒度为35～40nm，比表面积≤90m2/g。
5.由权利要求1～4中任一项所述复合陶瓷材料制备的电饭煲内胆，其特征在于：该内胆的制备方法包括以下步骤：
1)称取以下重量份的原料：氮化铝50～70份、Y2O3 1～2份、La2O3 2～3份、SiO2 10～15份、B2O3 10～20份、TiO2 1～1.5份；
2)将上述原料经混料机混合均匀，充填入模型中，在1400～1500℃的高温熔块炉熔化，倒入模具中成型，即得陶瓷内胆。
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