CN107411081A - 一种茶多酚提取方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明是关于一种茶多酚提取方法,其特征在于步骤包括:茶叶预处理、酶解、溶剂提取及浓缩提取液、金属离子沉淀、提纯及干燥。以此增加茶叶附加值,促进其综合利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品加工领域,主要涉及一种茶多酚提取方法。
背景技术
茶多酚(Tea Polyphenol,TP)是茶叶中多酚类物质的总称,又称茶鞣质或茶单宁,是形成单枞茶色香味的主要成分之一,具有抗氧化、抗衰老、抗癌变、防辐射、降血脂和胆固醇、抗动脉粥样硬化以及抑菌等保健功能。因此,在食品保健与医药领域具有广阔应用前景。加之茶市场不景气,因此,对其进行深加工和综合利用,无疑是提高中低档茶叶附加值,解决销售难的重要出路。
目前,茶多酚的提取有热水浸提法和有机溶剂萃取法,前者是在相对高温长时条件下多次浸提茶叶中的茶多酚,存在浸提不充分、高温长时下,茶多酚尤其是儿茶素易氧化生成茶色素,与体系中咖啡碱、蛋白质生成茶乳酪,影响茶多酚的生物活性等不足;后者是由于茶叶中的亲水性成分大多能在有机溶剂中溶解,难溶于水的亲脂性成分,在有机溶剂中的溶解性也较大。乙醇是一种毒性小,价格便宜,来源方便,可回收反复使用的有机溶剂,具有提取率高、提取液不易发霉变质等优点。谢蓝华在《复合酶解辅助乙醇提取茶多酚工艺研究》中针对单枞茶进行茶多酚提取工艺优化,采用复合酶解技术辅助乙醇提取单枞茶中茶多酚,以茶多酚的提取率为参考指标,探求酶法辅助乙醇提取茶多酚的最佳工艺条件,为综合利用中低档茶开辟新途径,实现其增值。与传统水浸提法相比,酶解辅助乙醇提取法不仅具有高效温和、节能环保等优点,而且能促进茶叶内不利及无效成分的有益转化,改善茶汤的色、香、味、形及营养价值等综合品质,同时茶多酚提取率比水浸提法高出了69.87%,为茶叶中茶多酚的提取提供了一种新工艺。但是醇提茶多酚溶液中的脂溶性色素较多,以及茶多酚中醇味残留问题仍然存在。
发明内容
本发明为了增加茶叶附加值,促进其综合利用,进一步优化茶叶提取工艺,改善其色泽,除异味,提供一种茶多酚提取方法。
一种茶多酚提取方法,其特征在于它是由下述步骤组成:
1)、将新茶采摘后阴晾,使其脱水,萎蔫,然后进行翻炒,干燥至水分含量为8-10%,粉碎至40-60目筛;
2)、称取步骤1所得茶叶粉末于滚动发酵罐中,在酶解温度55-60℃,调节pH 值 4.8-5.0,添加3-3.5%纤维素酶与果胶酶以3:1-2的比例混合的复合酶,转速为20-30r/min,酶解预处理 3-3.5小时;
3)、将步骤2所得混合物与浓度为55-65%的乙醇以1:40-50的比例混合,于温度 65-70℃,提取1- 1.25 小时,过滤得提取液,将所得提取液于3-5Mpa压力下进行浓缩;
4)、将步骤3所得浓缩液加入10-13%锌离子物混合,沉淀至完全,抽滤,收集沉淀物;
5)、将步骤4)所得沉淀物用1.0-0.5mol/L的盐酸溶液充分溶解,加入30-50%乙酸乙酯进行萃取,收集有机相并于80-85℃浓缩干燥,得茶多酚。
本发明的优点是:
本发明的一种茶多酚提取方法,利用生物酶法提取茶多酚,是在传统的溶剂提取方法的基础上,根据植物细胞壁的结构组成,利用酶反应所具有的高度专一性等特点,选择纤维素酶与果胶酶复合酶,将细胞壁的组成成分水解,破坏细胞壁的结构,使有效成分充分暴露出来,溶解、混悬于溶剂中,从而达到提高茶多酚提取率的目的。酶解辅助乙醇提取法不仅具有高效温和、节能环保等优点,而且能促进茶叶内不利及无效成分的有益转化,改善茶汤的色、香、味、形及营养价值等综合品质。锌离子沉淀法将茶叶中的茶多酚浸提出来,再运用茶多酚与金属离子产生沉淀的原理,经过溶剂萃取、沉淀分离、酸转溶等过程,得到较高纯度的茶多酚。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例进一步说明本发明。
实施例一
一种茶多酚提取方法,其特征在于它是由下述步骤组成:
1)、将新茶采摘后阴晾,使其脱水,萎蔫,然后进行翻炒,干燥至水分含量为8%,粉碎至40目筛;
2)、称取步骤1所得茶叶粉末于滚动发酵罐中,在酶解温度55℃,调节pH 值 4.8,添加3%纤维素酶与果胶酶以3:1的比例混合的复合酶,转速为20r/min,酶解预处理 3小时;
3)、将步骤2所得混合物与浓度为60%的乙醇以1:40的比例混合,于温度 65℃,提取1.25 小时,过滤得提取液,将所得提取液于3Mpa压力下进行浓缩;
4)、将步骤3所得浓缩液加入10%锌离子物混合,沉淀至完全,抽滤,收集沉淀物;
5)、将步骤4)所得沉淀物用0.5mol/L的盐酸溶液充分溶解,加入50%乙酸乙酯进行萃取,收集有机相并于80℃浓缩干燥,得茶多酚。
Claims (5)
1.一种茶多酚提取方法,其特征在于它是由下述步骤组成:
1)、将新茶采摘后阴晾,使其脱水,萎蔫,然后进行翻炒,干燥至水分含量为8-10%,粉碎至40-60目筛;
2)、称取步骤1所得茶叶粉末于滚动发酵罐中,在酶解温度55-60℃,调节pH 值 4.8-5.0,添加3-3.5%复合酶,转速为20-30r/min,酶解预处理 3-3.5小时;
3)、将步骤2所得混合物与浓度为55-65%乙醇混合,于温度 65-70℃,提取1- 1.25 小时,过滤得提取液,将所得提取液于3-5Mpa压力下进行浓缩;
4)、将步骤3所得浓缩液加入10-13%金属离子物混合,沉淀至完全,抽滤,收集沉淀物;
5)、将步骤4)所得沉淀物用盐酸溶液充分溶解,加入30-50%乙酸乙酯进行萃取,收集有机相并于80-85℃浓缩干燥,得茶多酚。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种茶多酚提取方法,其特征在于步骤2)所添加复合酶为纤维素酶与果胶酶以3:1-2的比例混合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种茶多酚提取方法,其特征在于步骤3)混合物与55-65%乙醇的混合比例为1:40-50。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种茶多酚提取方法,其特征在于步骤4)金属离子为锌离子。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种茶多酚提取方法,其特征在于步骤5)盐酸的浓度为1-0.5mol/L。
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Cited By (5)
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CN107951957A (zh) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-04-24 | 暨南大学 | 凤凰单枞茶提取物在制备抗乳腺癌药物中的应用 |
CN108669533A (zh) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-10-19 | 杭州多源科技有限公司 | 一种调理护胃的代餐食品及其制备方法 |
CN109777149A (zh) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-05-21 | 金葵食品科技(大连)股份有限公司 | 一种山葵叶片天然色素的制备方法 |
CN110755459A (zh) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-02-07 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | 一种番荔枝叶多酚的提取工艺 |
CN117694360A (zh) * | 2023-10-20 | 2024-03-15 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | 茶叶在香蕉生长发育及枯萎病防治中的应用 |
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Cited By (5)
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CN107951957A (zh) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-04-24 | 暨南大学 | 凤凰单枞茶提取物在制备抗乳腺癌药物中的应用 |
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