CN107409526A - A kind of deep also expedient of tillage of maize straw enrichment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of deep also expedient of tillage of maize straw enrichment, belong to maize straw resource efficiently utilize, improvement of soil fertility, environmental protection and recovery field.Comprise the following steps：First, enrichment breadth is determined；2nd, band is polymerized in；3rd, crush and bury；4th, banding no-tillage seeding；5th, gone back by band is deep year by year successively.The methods of cultivation of the present invention, which break through conventional stalk and the conventional tillage such as turn over, cover and sow, to be accustomed to; it is enriched with using wide cut, wind-force deep layer is injected, precisely with innovative technologies such as fertilizer, strip cultivation, no-tillage seeding and combinations thereof; rapidly and efficiently solve the long-term pending key issues such as stalk resource wastes, burns pollution environment, soil plough horizon organic matter wanes with nutrient, technical operation continuation difference, have important theory significance and practical value to the utilization of resources, environmental protection, improvement of soil fertility, high crop yield.

Description

A corn stalk enrichment and deep return tillage method

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of fertilization and utilization of straw resources, soil fertilization and cultivation, in particular to a corn straw enrichment and deep return tillage method.

Background technique

In view of a series of problems such as wide distribution of corn planting, large amount of straw, tight processing time, few professional deep returning equipment, poor functions, and serious lagging technology, the corn straw enrichment and deep returning tillage method is proposed. With this innovative technology, the straw distribution space is compressed as much as possible, the processing time is shortened, and all the straw is enriched and returned to the deep soil layer during the period from corn harvest to arable land freezing. One is to thoroughly solve the problem of straw burning, and the other is to solve the problem of efficient utilization of straw resources. The third is to solve the problem of long-term "hunger" of soil organic matter. The fourth is to solve the problems that the mulch of corn stalks cannot be fertilized and the unsustainable problems of overturning and returning to the field.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to propose a comprehensive farming technology that quickly, cleanly and thoroughly eliminates straw burning, makes it highly resource-based, quickly fertilizes the soil, and achieves no-tillage and high yield. At the same time, it makes up for the deficiencies in the treatment methods such as straw overturning and straw covering.

To achieve the above object, the present invention takes the following technical solutions:

A corn stalk enrichment and deep return tillage method, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Determination of straw enrichment width

In areas where corn planting is contiguous and suitable for mechanization, the breadth of straw enrichment is determined according to different planting patterns, types of harvesting machinery and planting scale of operators. Generally speaking, the enrichment width of mechanized harvesting is 5.2m.

Step 2: Polymerize into a belt

For the enrichment in the eight ridges, the eight-finger disc rake machine is used to gather the straw scattered on the ground in the eight ridges to form a belt in the middle. After enrichment, the straw placement width is 1.5-1.8m.

Step 3: Crush into the soil

The air-injection straw deep-layer return machine is used to inject the crushed straw into the ground through three links. Firstly, the accumulated straw is crushed and thrown into the auger with the broken rod cutter shaft, and then transported to the fan through the auger, and then sent into the tubular excavation body through the fan, and then falls into the soil. The maximum depth of the straw into the soil is 35-40cm , the thickness of the straw layer is 15-40cm, and the thickness of the covering soil covering the straw is 10-15cm.

Step 4: Ribbon no-till sowing

After the enriched straw is deeply injected into the soil layer, no-tillage planting is carried out on the adjacent ridges on both sides with the ridge where the straw is deeply buried as the center. , with a width of 90cm, 4 rows (two belts) of corn are planted on both sides of the empty belt, the row spacing is 40cm, and the width is 90cm. The plant spacing of corn depends on the density required by the planting variety.

Step 5: Enrichment and deep recovery year by year according to the belt

Since the unique feature of straw enrichment and deep return is that multiple ridges are classified into one ridge, the straw produced every year can be continuously deep returned year by year. Its deep return position coincides with the initial deep return position to form a cycle, and the cycle of eight ridge enrichment and deep return is eight years.

The positive effect of the present invention is to compress the distribution space of the straw to the greatest possible extent, shorten the processing time, and strive to enrich all the straw and return it to the deep layer of the soil during the period from harvesting corn to freezing of cultivated land. Quickly, cleanly, and thoroughly eliminate straw burning, and make it highly resourceful, quickly fertilize the soil, and achieve no-tillage and high-yield comprehensive farming. At the same time, it makes up for the deficiencies in the treatment methods such as straw overturning and straw covering. It solves the problems that the rice straw mulching fails to become fertilized and the overturning and returning to the field cannot be sustained.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the straw enrichment and deep return farming method in the Balong area.

Figure 2 shows the interannual cycle (1-4 years) of the straw enrichment and deep return farming method in the Balong area.

Figure 3 shows the interannual cycle (5-8 years) of the straw enrichment and deep return farming method in the Balong area.

detailed description

The corn stalk enrichment and deep return tillage method provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

Step 1: Determination of straw enrichment width

In areas where corn planting is contiguous and suitable for mechanization, the breadth of straw enrichment is determined according to different planting patterns, types of harvesting machinery and planting scale of operators. Generally, the enrichment width of mechanized harvesting is 5.2m (as shown in Figure 1A).

Step 2: Polymerize into a belt

For the enrichment in the eight ridges, the eight-finger disc rake machine is used to gather the straw scattered on the ground in the eight ridges to form a belt in the middle. After enrichment, the straw placement width is 1.5-1.8m (as shown in Figure 1A).

Step 3: Crush into the soil

The air-injection straw deep-layer return machine is used to inject the crushed straw into the ground through three links. Firstly, the accumulated straw is crushed and thrown into the auger with the broken rod cutter shaft, and then transported to the fan through the auger, and then sent into the tubular excavation body through the fan, and then falls into the soil. The maximum depth of the straw into the soil is 35-40cm , the thickness of the straw layer is 15-40cm, and the thickness of the covering soil covering the straw is 10-15cm. The location where the enriched straw is crushed and buried in the soil in the Balong area (as shown in Figure 1B).

Step 4: Ribbon no-till sowing

After the enriched straw is deeply injected into the soil layer, no-tillage planting is carried out on the adjacent ridges on both sides with the ridge where the straw is deeply buried as the center. , with a width of 90cm, 4 rows (two belts) of corn are planted on both sides of the empty belt, the row spacing is 40cm, and the width is 90cm. The plant spacing of corn depends on the density required by the planting variety. The running route of the seeder is shown in Figure 1C, and the emergence position after no-tillage sowing is shown in Figure 1D.

Step 5: Enrichment and deep recovery year by year according to the belt

Since the unique feature of straw enrichment and deep return is that multiple ridges are classified into one ridge, the straw produced every year can be continuously deep returned year by year. Its deep return position coincides with the initial deep return position to form a cycle, and the cycle of eight-ridge enrichment and deep return is eight years. The interannual cycle diagrams are shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3.

Claims (2)

1. The corn stalk enrichment and deep return tillage method consists of the following five steps: Step 1: Determination of straw enrichment width In areas where corn planting is contiguous and suitable for mechanization, the width of straw enrichment is determined according to different planting patterns, types of harvesting machinery and planting scale of operators; generally speaking, the width of enrichment for mechanized harvesting is 5.2m ; Step 2: Polymerize into a belt For enrichment in the area around the eight ridges, the eight-finger disc rake machine is used to gather the straw scattered on the ground in the eight ridges to form a belt in the middle. After enrichment, the straw placement width is 1.5-1.8m; Step 3: Crush into the soil The air-injected straw deep-layer returning machine is used to centrally inject the crushed straw into the ground through three links; Firstly, the accumulated straw is crushed and thrown into the auger with the broken rod cutter shaft, and then transported to the fan through the auger, and then sent into the tubular excavation body through the fan, and then falls into the soil. The maximum depth of the straw into the soil is 35-40cm , the thickness of the straw layer is 15-40cm, and the thickness of the covering soil covering the straw is 10-15cm; Step 4: Ribbon no-till sowing After the enriched straw is deeply injected into the soil layer, no-tillage planting is carried out on the adjacent ridges on both sides with the ridge where the straw is deeply buried as the center. , with a width of 90cm, 4 rows of corn are planted on both sides of the empty belt, the row spacing is 40cm, and the width is 90cm; the distance between the plants of corn depends on the density required by the planting variety; Step 5: Enrichment and deep recovery year by year according to the belt Since the unique feature of straw enrichment deep return is that multiple ridges are grouped into one ridge, the straw produced each year can be continuously deep return year by year; The return cycle is eight years. 2. According to claim 1, the corn stalk enrichment and deep return tillage method is mainly characterized in the following five points: (1) Based on the Balong area, determine the width of the rice straw enrichment and deep return operation area; (2) Use the eight-finger disc rake as a means to gather corn stalks in a large proportion into belts, with a width of 1.5-1.8m; (3) Inject the straw into the deep layer of the soil with a wind injection machine, the maximum depth of the straw into the soil is 35-40cm, the thickness of the straw layer is 15-40cm, and the thickness of the covering soil covering the straw is 10-15cm; (4) Maintain the hierarchical structure of the plow layer soil, no-till sowing, that is, center on the ridge with deeply buried straw, and implement no-till planting on the adjacent ridges on both sides; leave an empty zone centered on the ridge with deeply buried straw, The width is 90cm, and 4 rows are planted on both sides of the empty belt, the row spacing is 40cm, and the width is 90cm; the plant spacing of corn depends on the density required by the planting variety; (5) Enrichment and deep return year by year according to the belt. After multiple ridges are returned to one ridge and enriched in a large proportion, the straw produced each year can be enriched and returned year by year according to the belt. The deep return position coincides with the original deep sea position It is a cycle; the cycle of eight ridge enrichment and deep return is eight years.