CN107407001B - 容器用钢板以及容器用钢板的制造方法 - Google Patents

容器用钢板以及容器用钢板的制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107407001B
CN107407001B CN201680015265.6A CN201680015265A CN107407001B CN 107407001 B CN107407001 B CN 107407001B CN 201680015265 A CN201680015265 A CN 201680015265A CN 107407001 B CN107407001 B CN 107407001B
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Prior art keywords
steel plate
chemical conversion
conversion treatment
ion
plating
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CN201680015265.6A
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CN107407001A (zh
Inventor
立木光
平野茂
谷贤明
横矢博
横矢博一
柳原伟男
河端诚
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Nippon Steel Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
    • C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
    • B32B15/015—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium the said other metal being copper or nickel or an alloy thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/043—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/08—Tin or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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    • C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
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Abstract

一种容器用钢板，具备：钢板；作为所述钢板的上层而设置、且含有Ni的镀层；和作为所述镀层的上层而设置、且含有换算成金属Zr量为3.0～30.0mg/m2的Zr化合物和换算成金属Mg量为0.50～5.00mg/m2的Mg化合物的化学转化处理皮膜层，所述镀层是含有换算成金属Ni量为10～1000mg/m2的Ni的镀Ni层、或在Fe－Ni－Sn合金层上形成有岛状镀Sn层的复合镀层，所述复合镀层含有换算成金属Ni量为5～150mg/m2的Ni和换算成金属Sn量为300～3000mg/m2的Sn。

Description

容器用钢板以及容器用钢板的制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及容器用钢板以及容器用钢板的制造方法。
本申请基于2015年4月16日在日本申请的专利申请2015－83985号和2015年4月16日在日本申请的专利申请2015－83986号要求优先权，将其内容援引到本申请中。
背景技术
作为饮料用或食品用的容器，较多地使用将镀Ni钢板、镀Sn钢板或镀Sn系合金的钢板等的镀敷钢板制罐而成的金属容器。对于这样的金属容器的表面，有在制罐前或制罐后涂敷涂料的情况或层叠薄膜的情况。将金属容器的表面处理所使用的涂料和薄膜统称为涂剂。
对于用作涂剂的基底的镀敷钢板，为了确保与涂剂的密合性和耐蚀性，大多实施使用了六价铬酸盐等的表面处理(以下称为铬酸盐处理)(例如，参照下述的专利文献1。)。进而，实施了铬酸盐处理的镀敷钢板，根据需要，以赋予耐有机溶剂性、耐指纹性、耐损伤性或润滑性等为目的，在通过铬酸盐处理形成的皮膜上形成由有机树脂构成的被覆层。
但是，最近出现下述动向：由于铬酸盐处理所使用的六价铬在环境方面有害，因此要将镀敷钢板的表面处理从铬酸盐处理替换为其他的表面处理。
例如，在下述的专利文献2和专利文献3中，作为替代铬酸盐处理的镀敷钢板的表面处理，公开了一种使用了含有Zr离子和F离子的化学转化处理液的阴极电解处理。
在下述的专利文献4中公开了一种使用了下述化学转化处理液的阴极电解处理，所述化学转化处理液含有：磷酸根离子；Ti离子和Zr离子中的至少任一方。
在下述的专利文献5中公开了一种使用了下述化学转化处理液的阴极电解处理，所述化学转化处理液含有Zr离子、F离子和磷酸根离子。
在下述的专利文献6中公开了一种使用了含有Zr离子和有机物的化学转化处理液的阴极电解处理。
在下述的专利文献7中公开了一种使用了含有Zr离子、磷酸根离子和有机物的化学转化处理液的阴极电解处理。
在下述的专利文献8和专利文献9中公开了一种使用了含有Zr离子、磷酸根离子和硝酸根离子的化学转化处理液的阴极电解处理。特别是在下述的专利文献9中，公开了一种通过增加硝酸根离子来促进皮膜(以下称为化学转化处理皮膜层)的形成的方法，所述皮膜是通过阴极电解处理形成的。
在先技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本国特开2000－239855号公报
专利文献2:日本国特开2005－325402号公报
专利文献3:日本国特开2005－23422号公报
专利文献4:日本国特开昭54－68734号公报
专利文献5:日本国特开2006－9047号公报
专利文献6:日本国特开2008－50641号公报
专利文献7:日本国特开2009－1851号公报
专利文献8:日本国特开2009－84623号公报
专利文献9:国际公开第2011/118588号公报
发明内容
但是，在上述专利文献2～专利文献8所公开的技术中，形成含有Zr化合物的化学转化处理皮膜层需要长时间，因此存在不能得到理想的生产率的课题。为了使用上述专利文献9所公开的技术以短时间形成化学转化处理皮膜层，需要高浓度的硝酸根离子，存在在环境方面不理想的课题。
另外，用于食品用容器的容器用钢板需要具有耐硫化黑变性，但在上述专利文献2～专利文献9中没有公开用于使耐硫化黑变性提高的方法。
在将容器用钢板用于以例如鱼肉或豆类等的高蛋白质食品为内容物的食品用容器的情况下，通过填充食品后的蒸煮处理(在水蒸气存在下的高温加热灭菌处理)，有时容器内面和内容物中的至少一方偶尔地变成黑色。将这样的黑变现象称为硫化黑变。
食品中所含的硫(S)通过蒸煮处理(retort treatment)而热分解，产生硫化氢(H2S)和硫醇类(HS－)等。该硫化氢和硫醇类与容器内面的构成金属发生反应，生成黑色的金属硫化物，因此发生该硫化黑变。
有时由于该硫化黑变的原因，容器的外观变差。而且，有时消费者将产生的黑色的金属硫化物误解为容器内面的金属腐蚀或内容物的腐蚀。因此，特别是食品用容器所使用的容器用钢板，需要极力避免发生硫化黑变。
本发明是鉴于上述的情况而完成的，其目的是提供具有优异的生产率、环境性和耐硫化黑变性的容器用钢板以及容器用钢板的制造方法。
本发明为了解决上述课题，达到上述的目的，采用了以下的方案。
(1)本发明的一方案涉及的容器用钢板，具备：钢板；作为上述钢板的上层而设置、且含有Ni的镀层；作为上述镀层的上层而设置、且含有换算成金属Zr量为3.0～30.0mg/m2的Zr化合物和换算成金属Mg量为
0.50～5.00mg/m2的Mg化合物的化学转化处理皮膜层，上述镀层是含有换算成金属Ni量为10～1000mg/m2的Ni的镀Ni层、或在Fe－Ni－Sn合金层上形成有岛状镀Sn层的复合镀层，所述复合镀层含有换算成金属Ni量为5～150mg/m2的Ni和换算成金属Sn量为300～3000mg/m2的Sn。
(2)在上述(1)所述的容器用钢板中，上述化学转化处理皮膜层也可以还含有换算成P量合计为1.5～25.0mg/m2的磷酸和磷酸盐中的至少一方。
(3)本发明的一方案涉及的容器用钢板的制造方法，具有以下工序：
镀敷工序：在钢板上形成镀Ni层或复合镀层，所述镀Ni层含有换算成金属Ni量为10～1000mg/m2的Ni，所述复合镀层是在Fe－Ni－Sn合金层上形成有岛状镀Sn层的复合镀层，含有换算成金属Ni量为5～
150mg/m2的Ni和换算成金属Sn量为300～3000mg/m2的Sn；
化学转化处理工序：在上述镀敷工序后，通过使用化学转化处理液进行阴极电解处理，从而在上述镀层上形成化学转化处理皮膜层，所述化学转化处理液含有100～3000ppm的Zr离子、120～4000ppm的F离子和50～300ppm的Mg离子；和
正式洗涤工序:在上述化学转化处理工序后，使用40℃以上的水对形成有上述镀层和上述化学转化处理皮膜层的上述钢板进行0.5秒以上的洗涤处理。
(4)在上述(3)所述的容器用钢板的制造方法中，上述化学转化处理液也可以还含有2000ppm以下的磷酸根离子。
(5)在上述(3)或(4)所述的容器用钢板的制造方法中，上述化学转化处理液也可以还含有合计为20000ppm以下的硝酸根离子和铵离子。
(6)在上述(3)～(5)的任一方案所述的容器用钢板的制造方法中，也可以在上述正式洗涤工序之前还具有预洗涤工序，所述预洗涤工序是使用10℃以上且低于40℃的水对形成有上述镀Sn层和上述化学转化处理皮膜层的上述钢板进行0.5秒以上的洗涤处理的工序。
根据上述各方案，能够提供具有优异的生产率、环境性和耐硫化黑变性的容器用钢板、和容器用钢板的制造方法。
附图说明
图1是表示本实施方式涉及的容器用钢板的构成的示意图。
图2是表示本实施方式涉及的容器用钢板的构成的示意图。
图3是表示本实施方式涉及的容器用钢板的制造方法的流程的流程图。
具体实施方式
以下参照附图来说明实施方式涉及的容器用钢板、和容器用钢板的制造方法。
(容器用钢板)
首先对容器用钢板10进行说明。
图1和2是表示本实施方式涉及的容器用钢板10的构成的示意图。如图1和2所示那样，容器用钢板10具备：作为母材使用的钢板(原板)101；形成于钢板101上的镀层，所述镀层是镀Ni层102和复合镀层103中的任一方；和形成于镀层上的化学转化处理皮膜层105。
钢板101不作特别的限定，可使用通常作为容器用钢板使用的公知的钢板101。这些公知的钢板101的制造方法和材质等也没有特别的限定。可使用从通常的钢坯制造工序开始经过热轧、酸洗、冷轧、退火、调质轧制等的公知的工序而制造的钢板101。
在容器用钢板10中，形成了镀层来作为钢板101的上层，所述镀层是镀Ni层102和复合镀层103中的任一方。
以下参照图1和2来对镀Ni层102和复合镀层103的例子进行具体说明。
[在钢板101的表面形成有镀Ni层102的情况]
参照图1来对在钢板101的表面形成有镀Ni层102的情况进行说明。
镀Ni层102含有换算成金属Ni量单面为10～1000mg/m2的Ni。
Ni具有优异的涂料密合性、薄膜密合性、耐蚀性和焊接性。为了发挥上述的效果，镀Ni层102需要含有换算成金属Ni量单面为10mg/m2以上的Ni。随着Ni含量的增加，上述的效果提高，但Ni的含量，换算成金属Ni量单面超过1000mg/m2时，上述的效果饱和，因此在经济性方面不优选。
因此，镀Ni层102的Ni含量，换算成金属Ni量单面设为10～1000mg/m2。镀Ni层102中的Ni含量，优选换算成金属Ni量单面为30～800mg/m2。Ni的含量更优选换算成金属Ni量单面为50～600mg/m2。
镀Ni层102，可以形成于钢板101的两面，从削减制造成本等的观点出发，也可以只形成于钢板101的一面。在将只在一面形成有镀Ni层102的钢板101进行制罐加工的情况下，例如，优选进行加工以使得形成有镀Ni层102的面成为容器的内面。
镀Ni层102的Ni含量，例如可采用荧光X射线法测定。该情况下，使用Ni含量已知的试样预先制出关于Ni含量的校准线，使用该校准线来相对地测定Ni含量。
[在钢板101的表面形成有复合镀层103的情况]
参照图2来对在钢板101的表面形成有复合镀层103的情况进行说明。
复合镀层103含有换算成金属Ni量为5～150mg/m2的Ni、和换算成金属Sn量为300～3000mg/m2的Sn。另外，复合镀层103，是在Fe－Ni－Sn合金层103d上形成岛状镀Sn层103e而成的。
为了形成复合镀层103，首先在钢板101上形成镀Ni层(未图示)。镀Ni层(未图示)由Ni或Fe－Ni合金形成，是为了确保容器用钢板10的耐蚀性而形成的。
由Ni带来的耐蚀性的提高，由复合镀层103中的Ni含量决定，复合镀层103中的Ni含量，如果换算成金属Ni量单面为5mg/m2以上，则具有理想的耐蚀性。另一方面，复合镀层103中的Ni含量越多，耐蚀性越提高，但复合镀层103中的Ni含量换算成金属Ni量单面超过150mg/m2的情况下，耐蚀性饱和，在经济上不优选。
因此，复合镀层103的Ni含量，换算成金属Ni量单面设为5～150mg/m2。换算成金属Ni量单面优选为10～120mg/m2，更优选为20～70mg/m2。
在形成复合镀层103时，作为上述的镀Ni层(未图示)的上层形成镀Sn层(未图示)。
镀Sn层(未图示)，是为了确保容器用钢板10的耐蚀性和焊接性而形成的。关于Sn，不仅Sn自身具有高的耐蚀性，而且通过熔融溶锡处理而形成的Sn合金也具有优异的耐蚀性和焊接性。
再者，本实施方式中的“镀Sn层”，不仅是采用金属Sn形成的镀层，还包括在金属Sn中混入了不可逆性的杂质的镀层、在金属Sn中添加了微量元素的镀层。
通过在形成镀Sn层(未图示)之后，进行熔融溶锡处理，来形成复合镀层103。也就是说，通过在形成镀Sn层(未图示)之后，进行熔融溶锡处理，从而在钢板101上形成Fe－Ni－Sn合金层103d，且在Fe－Ni－Sn合金层103d上形成岛状镀Sn层103e。
在岛状镀Sn层103e中，Sn以岛状存在，在海部露出了下层即Fe－Ni－Sn合金层103d。通过岛状镀Sn层103e确保了容器用钢板10的薄膜密合性和涂料密合性。
在薄膜层叠或涂料涂布后的热处理中，有时容器用钢板10被加热到Sn的熔点(232℃)以上。在与本实施方式不同，Sn被覆Fe－Ni－Sn合金层103d的整个表面的情况下，通过上述的热处理，Sn熔融或氧化，存在不能确保容器用钢板10的薄膜密合性以及涂料密合性的可能性，因此不优选。
Sn的优异的耐蚀性，从Sn含量换算成金属Sn量单面为300mg/m2以上开始显著提高，Sn的含量越多，耐蚀性也越提高。因此，复合镀层103中的Sn含量，换算成金属Sn量单面设为300mg/m2以上。
另外，由Sn带来的上述的效果，当Sn含量换算成金属Sn量单面超过3000mg/m2时饱和。另外，当Sn含量换算成金属Sn量单面超过3000mg/m2时，有时变得难以形成岛状镀Sn层103e，因此单面设为3000mg/m2以下。
由于上述的理由，复合镀层103的Sn含量，换算成金属Sn量单面设为300～3000mg/m2。换算成金属Sn量单面优选为500～2000mg/m2，更优选为600～1200mg/m2。
在形成如上所述的镀Sn层之后，进行熔融溶锡处理(回熔处理)。进行熔融溶锡处理的目的，是将Sn熔融，使Sn与钢板101中的Fe或镀Ni层(未图示)中的Ni合金化，形成Fe－Ni－Sn合金层103d，由此提高耐蚀性，并且，形成岛状镀Sn层103e。岛状镀Sn层103e可通过适当控制熔融溶锡处理的条件(处理温度和处理时间等)来形成。
复合镀层103，可以形成于钢板101的两面，从削减制造成本等的观点出发，也可以只形成于钢板101的一面。在将只在一面形成有复合镀层103的钢板101进行制罐加工的情况下，例如，优选进行加工以使得形成有复合镀层103的面成为容器的内面。
复合镀层103中的金属Ni量和金属Sn量，例如可采用荧光X射线法测定。该情况下，使用Ni含量已知的试样来预先制出关于Ni含量的校准线，使用该校准线相对地测定Ni含量。关于Sn含量也同样，使用Sn含量已知的试样来预先制出关于金属Sn量的校准线，使用该校准线相对地测定金属Sn量。
在钢板101的表面只形成有镀Ni层102或复合镀层103的情况下，即使利用涂剂对镀Ni层102或复合镀层103进行表面处理，也有时饮料或食品等中所含的硫透过涂剂而与Ni或Sn结合，形成黑色的NiS、SnS或SnS2等。
另外，在镀Ni层102或复合镀层103中存在由多个微细的孔构成的镀层缺陷部位的情况下，有时硫与钢板101中所含的Fe结合，形成黑色的FeS、Fe2S3、或Fe2S。在本实施方式中，将形成NiS、SnS、SnS2、FeS、Fe2S3或Fe2S等的黑色化合物的现象称为硫化黑变。另外，将针对硫化黑变的抗性(特性)称为耐硫化黑变性。
容器用钢板10为了提高耐硫化黑变性，具备化学转化处理皮膜层105来作为镀Ni层102或复合镀层103的上层。
化学转化处理皮膜层105含有换算成金属Zr量为3.0～30.0mg/m2的Zr化合物、和换算成金属Mg量为0.50～5.00mg/m2的Mg化合物。
化学转化处理皮膜层105中所含的Zr化合物，具有提高耐硫化黑变性、密合性和加工性的功能。
作为本实施方式涉及的Zr化合物，可举出例如氧化Zr、磷酸Zr、氢氧化Zr和氟化Zr等(包括各自的水合物)，化学转化处理皮膜层105可含有多种的上述的Zr化合物。
如果化学转化处理皮膜层105中的Zr含量增加，则容器用钢板10的耐硫化黑变性、密合性和加工性提高。具体而言，化学转化处理皮膜层105的Zr含量，换算成金属Zr量单面为3.0mg/m2以上的情况下，在实用上能确保理想的耐硫化黑变性。
另一方面，Zr含量如果换算成金属Zr量单面超过30.0mg/m2，则化学转化处理皮膜层105变得过厚，化学转化处理皮膜层105自身的密合性劣化，耐硫化黑变性降低。另外，Zr含量如果换算成金属Zr量单面超过30.0mg/m2，则化学转化处理皮膜层105的电阻上升，有时焊接性降低。
因此，化学转化处理皮膜层105的Zr含量，换算成金属Zr量单面设为3.0～30.0mg/m2。Zr含量的下限值，换算成金属Zr量单面优选为5.0mg/m2以上，更优选为8.0mg/m2以上。Zr含量的上限值，换算成金属Zr量单面优选为20.0mg/m2以下，更优选为15.0mg/m2以下。
化学转化处理皮膜层105，除了Zr化合物以外还含有Mg化合物。如后述那样，在形成化学转化处理皮膜层105时使用的化学转化处理液，含有Mg离子，化学转化处理液中的Mg离子，以Mg化合物的形式与Zr化合物一起组入化学转化处理皮膜层105中。化学转化处理皮膜层105中的Mg化合物，有时在形成化学转化处理皮膜层105后所进行的洗涤工序中，部分性地从化学转化处理皮膜层105除去，但其余部分残留在化学转化处理皮膜层105中。
本发明人发现，通过化学转化处理皮膜层105含有Mg化合物，耐硫化黑变性提高。
作为化学转化处理皮膜层105中所含的Mg化合物的例子，可举出氧化Mg、氢氧化Mg、氟化Mg、磷酸Mg等(包括各自的水合物)，化学转化处理皮膜层105可以含有多种的上述的Mg化合物。这些Mg化合物通常呈现透明或者白色。
另外，Mg离子，与作为硫化黑变现象的主体的硫醇离子(HS－)或硫化氢(H2S)结合，形成透明或者白色的化合物。通过Mg离子与硫醇离子或硫化氢结合，能够抑制Fe、Ni或Sn与硫醇离子或硫化氢的结合。
而且，化学转化处理皮膜层105中的Mg化合物，抑制硫醇离子以及硫化氢透过化学转化处理皮膜层105。另外，通过Mg离子与硫醇离子或硫化氢反应而生成的化合物也抑制硫醇离子以及硫化氢透过化学转化处理皮膜层105。
也就是说，通过化学转化处理皮膜层105含有Mg化合物，能够降低Ni、Sn或Fe与硫醇离子或硫化氢反应的可能性，因此能够抑制硫化黑变现象。
为了确保如上所述的耐硫化黑变性，化学转化处理皮膜层105含有换算成金属Mg量单面为0.50～5.00mg/m2的Mg化合物。
通过化学转化处理皮膜层105中的Mg含量，换算成金属Mg量单面为0.50mg/m2以上，在实用上具有理想的耐硫化黑变性。
另外，为了化学转化处理皮膜层105含有换算成金属Mg量单面超过5.00mg/m2的Mg化合物，需要在化学转化处理液中大量添加Mg化合物。如果在化学转化处理液中含有大量的Mg化合物，则有时没有理想地进行化学转化处理皮膜层105的形成，因此不优选。另外，通过化学转化处理皮膜层105含有换算成金属Mg量单面超过5.00mg/m2的Mg化合物，虽然对该皮膜层与涂剂的密合性(一次密合性)没有产生影响，但有时使蒸煮处理等的在水蒸气存在下的高温杀菌处理时的密合性(二次密合性)、耐锈性或涂膜下耐蚀性劣化，因此不优选。而且，如果化学转化处理皮膜层105含有换算成金属Mg量单面超过5.00mg/m2的Mg化合物，则在将容器用钢板10用于食品用容器时，有时损害内容物的味道或风味，因此不优选。
化学转化处理皮膜层105的Mg化合物的含量的下限值，换算成金属Mg量单面优选为0.80mg/m2，更优选为1.00mg/m2。另一方面，化学转化处理皮膜层105的Mg化合物的含量的上限值，换算成金属Mg量单面为4.00mg/m2，更优选为3.00mg/m2。
化学转化处理皮膜层105中的Zr化合物量或Mg化合物量，是指采用例如荧光X射线分析等定量分析法定量出的化学转化处理皮膜层105中的金属Zr或金属Mg的总含量，意指在后述的洗涤工序后残留于化学转化处理皮膜层105中的Zr化合物或Mg化合物的含量。
再者，在镀Ni层102或复合镀层103含有Mg的情况下，测定进行化学转化处理工序之前的镀Ni层102或复合镀层103的Mg化合物量，然后测定进行化学转化处理工序之后的容器用钢板10的Mg化合物量，由两者的差量能够测定化学转化处理皮膜层105中的Mg化合物量。
化学转化处理皮膜层105，除了含有Zr化合物和Mg化合物以外，也可以含有磷酸和磷酸盐中的至少一方。作为化学转化处理皮膜层105中所含的磷酸盐的例子，可举出磷酸Zr以及磷酸Mg(包括各自的水合物)。化学转化处理皮膜层105，也可以含有磷酸和磷酸盐中的多种化合物。
通过化学转化处理皮膜层105含有磷酸和磷酸盐中的至少一方，能够得到优异的耐硫化黑变性和密合性。如果磷酸和磷酸盐的合计的含量，换算成P量单面为1.5mg/m2以上，则能够得到在实用上理想的耐硫化黑变性和密合性。
如果磷酸和磷酸盐的合计含量增加，则耐硫化黑变性和密合性也提高，但磷酸和磷酸盐的合计的含量，如果换算成P量单面超过25.0mg/m2，则化学转化处理皮膜层105中的磷酸或磷酸盐的密合性劣化，由此与涂剂的密合性和涂膜下耐蚀性降低，因此不优选。另外，磷酸和磷酸盐的合计含量如果换算成P量单面超过25.0mg/m2，则电阻上升，焊接性劣化，因此不优选。
因此，化学转化处理皮膜层105优选含有换算成P量、按合计量计单面为1.5～25.0mg/m2的磷酸和磷酸盐。
磷酸和磷酸盐的合计的含量的下限值，更优选换算成P量单面为2.5mg/m2，进一步优选为5.0mg/m2。
磷酸和磷酸盐的合计含量的上限值，更优选换算成P量单面为20.0mg/m2，进一步优选为12.5mg/m2。
作为化学转化处理皮膜层105含有的磷酸和磷酸盐的合计量，可采用例如荧光X射线分析等的定量分析法来定量出进行洗涤工序之后的化学转化处理皮膜层105中所含的P量。
[容器用钢板10的制造方法]
接着，参照图3来说明容器用钢板10的制造方法。
图3是表示本实施方式涉及的容器用钢板10的制造方法的流程图。如图3所示那样，容器用钢板10的制造方法具有镀敷工序、化学转化处理工序和洗涤工序。
[镀敷工序]
首先，在钢板101的表面形成镀Ni层102或复合镀层103(步骤S101)。[在钢板101的表面形成镀Ni层102的情况]
在钢板101的表面形成镀Ni层102的情况下，镀Ni层102的形成方法没有特别的限定。作为形成镀Ni层102的方法的例子，可举出使用了瓦特浴等的电镀法、真空蒸镀法、溅射法。为了对镀Ni层102赋予扩散层(未图示)，也可以在镀Ni层102形成后进行加热处理。
[在钢板101的表面形成复合镀层103的情况]
在钢板101的表面形成复合镀层103的情况下，在钢板101的表面形成镀Ni层(未图示)后，在镀Ni层(未图示)上形成镀Sn层(未图示)，并进行熔融溶锡处理。
镀Ni层(未图示)由Ni或Fe－Ni合金构成。镀Ni层(未图示)的形成方法没有特别的限定，可利用通常在电镀法中所进行的公知的方法(例如，阴极电解法等)。
在采用扩散镀敷法形成镀Ni层(未图示)的情况下，对钢板101表面实施镀Ni后，在退火炉中进行用于形成扩散层(未图示)的扩散处理，但也可以在该扩散处理的前后或与扩散处理同时地进行氮化处理。即使是进行了氮化处理的情况，Ni的效果和氮化处理层(未图示)的效果也不会相互干扰，能够同时获得这些效果。
镀Sn层(未图示)的形成方法也没有特别的限定，可使用公知的电镀法、将钢板浸渍于熔融的Sn中进行镀敷的方法等。
在形成镀Sn层(未图示)之后，进行熔融溶锡处理(回熔处理)。进行熔融溶锡处理的目的，是将Sn熔融，使其与钢板101中的Fe、镀Ni层(未图示)中的Ni合金化，来形成Fe－Ni－Sn合金层103d，使容器用钢板10的耐蚀性提高，并且形成岛状镀Sn层103e。岛状镀Sn层103e可通过适当控制熔融溶锡处理的条件(处理温度和处理时间等)来形成。
[化学转化处理工序]
接着，进行化学转化处理工序，作为镀Ni层102或复合镀层103的上层形成化学转化处理皮膜层105(步骤S103)。
在化学转化处理工序中，进行使用了化学转化处理液的阴极电解处理。
在作为化学转化处理皮膜层105的形成方法使用浸渍处理法的情况下，由于将基底腐蚀，因此化学转化处理皮膜层105的附着变得不均匀，化学转化处理工序的时间变长，因此在工业生产上不优选。
另一方面，阴极电解处理，通过强制性的电荷移动以及钢板101与化学转化处理液的界面处的氢发生，所形成的化学转化处理皮膜层105的表面被清洁化，因此是优选的。另外，在阴极电解处理中，通过化学转化处理液的pH值上升，化学转化处理皮膜层105的附着得到促进，因此是优选的。
阴极电解处理的条件没有特别的限定，例如，可在10℃～60℃的化学转化处理液的温度、0.1～20.0A/dm2的电流密度和0.01～30秒的处理时间的条件下进行。
化学转化处理液的pH值，优选为3.0～4.5的范围，在要降低pH值的情况下，添加硝酸或氢氟酸等，在要提高pH值的情况下，添加氨等，由此进行适当调整即可。
在化学转化处理工序中使用的化学转化处理液，含有100～3000ppm的Zr离子。化学转化处理液中的Zr离子，以Zr化合物的形式组入化学转化处理皮膜层105中。
化学转化处理液中的Zr离子的下限值，优选为500ppm，更优选为1000ppm。化学转化处理液中的Zr离子的上限值，优选为2500ppm，更优选为2000ppm。
化学转化处理液含有120～4000ppm的F离子。F离子通过与Zr离子形成络离子，具有使化学转化处理液中的Zr离子稳定的作用。
再者，化学转化处理液中的F离子也与Zr离子同样被组入化学转化处理皮膜层105中，但化学转化处理皮膜层105中的F化合物，优选通过后述的洗涤工序尽可能地除去。
化学转化处理液含有50～300ppm的Mg离子。
通过化学转化处理液含有Mg离子，从而在化学转化处理皮膜层105中含有Mg化合物，耐硫化黑变性提高，因此是优选的。而且，Mg离子能够促进Zr离子的析出。具体而言，对于化学转化处理液含有Mg离子的情况和不含有Mg离子的情况，比较通过化学转化处理工序形成的化学转化处理皮膜层105中的Zr化合物量时，在含有Mg离子的情况下，会在化学转化处理皮膜层105中含有更多的Zr化合物量。
由Mg离子带来的促进Zr析出的效果的原因可以考虑如下。
在含有Zr离子和F离子的溶液中，如上述的式(1)所示那样，Zr离子与F离子一同以[ZrF6]2－等的络离子的状态稳定地存在。在阴极电解处理中，通过强制性的电荷移动以及钢板101与电解处理溶液的界面处的氢发生，pH值上升。通过pH值上升，上述的络离子被水解，如上述的式(1)所示变为Zr离子和F离子，其后析出含有Zr化合物的化学转化处理皮膜层105。
上述的式(1)的反应是平衡(可逆)反应，但通过化学转化处理液中的F离子增加，上述的式(1)的向右的反应(络离子分解的反应)被显著阻碍。
Mg离子作为F离子的清除剂发挥作用，因此降低由F离子所致的阻碍上述的式(1)的向右的反应的效果。即，可以认为，通过使Mg离子存在，F离子通过“柔韧的离子相互作用”形成水溶性的[F－…Mg2+…F－]，使[F－…Mg2+…F－]的析出部位附近的F离子浓度降低，降低阻碍上述的式(1)的向右的反应的效果。再者，优选调整添加到化学转化处理液中的Mg离子浓度，以使得在远离[F－…Mg2+…F－]的析出部位的地方[F－…Mg2+…F－]离解为F离子和Mg离子。
如上所述，通过化学转化处理液含有Mg离子，能促进Zr的析出。因此，本实施方式涉及的容器用钢板10的制造方法能够缩短化学转化处理工序所需要的时间，具有优异的生产率。
添加到化学转化处理液中的Mg离子浓度优选为50～300ppm。当Mg离子浓度低于50ppm时，在发挥促进Zr析出的效果上不充分。另一方面，当Mg离子浓度超过300ppm时，容易形成难溶性的MgF2，因此不优选。
添加到化学转化处理液中的Mg离子浓度更优选为100～200ppm。
再者，Mg离子优选以硝酸Mg或硫酸Mg等的易水溶性的盐的形式添加。
化学转化处理液也可以含有2000ppm以下的磷酸根离子。
通过化学转化处理液含有磷酸根离子，从而化学转化处理皮膜层105含有磷酸或磷酸盐，耐硫化黑变性和密合性提高，因此是优选的。
化学转化处理液也可以含有合计为20000ppm以下的硝酸根离子和铵离子。通过化学转化处理液含有硝酸根离子和铵离子，能够缩短化学转化处理工序所需要的时间，生产率提高，因此是优选的。
再者，化学转化处理液，优选不是含有硝酸根离子和铵离子中的任一方，而是含有硝酸根离子和铵离子这两者。其理由如下。
在形成含有Zr的化学转化处理皮膜层105时，首先，通过下述的式(2)的反应，在阴极产生H2，pH值上升。
2H2O+4e－→H2↑+2OH－···(2)
伴随着上述的式(2)的反应，Zr4+、PO4 3－以ZrO2、Zr3(PO4)4等形式析出，形成化学转化处理皮膜层105。在该皮膜形成反应中，如果存在硝酸根离子，则通过下述的式(3)和式(4)所示的向右的反应，促进pH值上升，结果会促进皮膜形成。另外，通过下述的式(3)和式(4)所示的反应，能抑制由于搅拌作用而阻碍皮膜形成的H2的发生。由此，能够缩短化学转化处理工序所需要的时间。另外，可以认为铵离子有促进由硝酸根离子带来的上述效果的作用。
再者，通过化学转化处理液含有Mg离子、硝酸根离子和铵离子从而具有上述的理想的效果这一点是由本发明初次明确的。
为了进一步提高耐硫化黑变性等特性，例如，也可以首先进行使用了第一化学转化处理液的阴极电解处理，在镀Ni层102或复合镀层103侧形成化学转化处理皮膜层105的第一层(未图示)，接着，通过进行使用了第二化学转化处理液的阴极电解处理，在化学转化处理皮膜层105的第一层的上部形成化学转化处理皮膜层105的第二层(未图示)。
再者，第一化学转化处理液和第二化学转化处理液含有相同的成分，只温度不同。作为第一化学转化处理液的温度的例子，可举出10℃～40℃，作为第二化学转化处理液的温度的例子，可举出45℃～60℃。
由于化学转化处理皮膜层105的第一层为致密的层，因此很适合于确保耐硫化黑变性等特性。化学转化处理皮膜层105的第二层具有粗糙度大的表面，因此很适合于确保化学转化处理皮膜层105与涂剂的密合性。
[洗涤工序]
由于F离子、硝酸根离子和铵离子等的水溶性离子种包含于化学转化处理液中，因此与Zr化合物一同组入化学转化处理皮膜层105中。化学转化处理皮膜层105中的上述离子种对该皮膜层与涂剂的密合性(一次密合性)不造成影响，但成为使二次密合性、耐锈性或涂膜下耐蚀性劣化的原因。可以认为其原因是：在水蒸气或腐蚀液中，化学转化处理皮膜层105中的上述离子种溶出，将化学转化处理皮膜层105与涂剂的键分解、或者将钢板101腐蚀。
因此，在本实施方式中，进行化学转化处理工序后，至少采用40℃以上的水进行0.5秒以上的洗涤处理(以下称为正式洗涤工序)(步骤S107)。再者，在正式洗涤工序中使用的水的温度的上限没有特别的限定，但温度越高越有效果，例如为90～100℃。另外，正式洗涤工序的洗涤时间的上限也没有特别的限定，但时间越长越有效果，例如为10秒。
为了从化学转化处理皮膜层105进一步除去F离子、硝酸根离子和铵离子等的水溶性离子种，优选在进行化学转化处理工序后、进行正式洗涤工序之前，采用10℃以上且低于40℃的水进行0.5秒以上的洗涤处理(以下称为预洗涤工序)(步骤S105)。预洗涤工序的洗涤时间的上限没有特别的限定，但时间越长越有效果，例如为20秒。
作为预洗涤工序和正式洗涤工序的洗涤方法，可举出浸渍处理或喷淋处理。
通过预洗涤工序来除去在低温下溶出的离子种，通过正式洗涤工序来除去在高温下溶出的离子种。通过使预洗涤工序和正式洗涤工序的处理时间较长，上述除去效果提高。再者，正式洗涤工序所使用的洗涤液，其温度越高，除去效果越提高。
当各自的处理时间低于0.5秒时，难以使上述离子种减少。
F离子、硝酸根离子和铵离子等，优选通过洗涤工序尽可能从化学转化处理皮膜层105除去，但也可以存在不能完全除去而不可避免地残留的情况。
本实施方式的容器用钢板的制造方法，由于没有使用高浓度的硝酸根离子，因此在环境方面很理想。
实施例1
以下对本发明的实施例以及比较例进行叙述。再者，以下所示的实施例，不过是本发明的实施方式涉及的容器用钢板以及容器用钢板的制造方法的一例，本发明的实施方式涉及的容器用钢板以及容器用钢板的制造方法并不被以下所示的实施例限定。
为了调查由Mg离子带来的促进Zr析出的效果，将化学转化处理工序中的Mg离子浓度以外的条件设为相同的条件，使Mg离子浓度变化，来调查所形成的化学转化处理皮膜层的Zr化合物量。结果示于表1。
再者，表1的处理液1－1～3－2，都具有相同的温度和pH值，在相同的电流密度和处理时间的条件下实施了阴极电解处理。如表1所示，通过添加Mg离子，所形成的化学转化处理皮膜层的Zr含量增加，显示出Mg离子具有促进Zr析出的效果。
实施例2
使用具有表2所示的镀层和化学转化处理皮膜层的化学转化处理钢板，制作试验材料，对以下的(A)～(H)的项目进行了性能评价。评价结果示于表3。
(A)耐硫化黑变性
将试验材料切成60mm×60mmL的大小，以5mm的长度将端部(通过剪切，露出了钢板端面的部分)用胶带掩蔽。浸渍于1质量％Na2S水溶液(用乳酸调整成pH值＝7)中，在125℃的温度下实施了60分钟的蒸煮处理。通过目视来评价了蒸煮处理后的各试验材料的外观。
具体而言，将结果比铬酸盐处理材料良好的情况评价为“Very Good(非常好)”，将结果比铬酸盐处理材料稍好的情况评价为“Good(好)”，将出现了与铬酸盐处理材料同等的变色的情况评价为“Average(一般)”，将变色程度比铬酸盐处理材料稍大的情况评价为“Fair(尚可)”，将变色程度比铬酸盐处理材料大的情况评价为“Poor(差)”。
(B)加工性
在200℃的温度下在试验材料的两面贴附厚度20μm的PET薄膜，阶段性地进行采用了拉深加工以及减径挤压加工的制罐加工。观察薄膜的缺陷(defects)、浮起(floating)和剥离，根据它们的面积率评价了加工性。
具体而言，将完全观察不到薄膜的缺陷、浮起和剥离的情况评价为“Very Good(非常好)”，将薄膜的缺陷、浮起和剥离的面积率超过0％且为0.5％以下的情况评价为“Good(好)”，将薄膜的缺陷、浮起和剥离的面积率超过0.5％且为15％以下的情况评价为“Fair(尚可)”，将薄膜的缺陷、浮起和剥离的面积率超过15％或发生断裂而不能加工的情况评价为“Poor(差)”。
再者，面积率是通过薄膜的观察到缺陷、浮起和剥离的部分的面积除以贴附的PET薄膜的总体的面积来求出的。
(C)焊接性
使用焊丝缝焊机(wire seam welding machine)，在焊丝速度80m/min的条件下，变更电流来对试验材料进行焊接。根据由能得到充分的焊接强度的最小电流值和开始明显地产生粉尘和焊接飞溅等焊接缺陷的最大电流值构成的适当电流范围来综合性地判断，评价焊接性。
具体而言，将二次侧的适当电流范围为1500A以上的情况评价为“Very Good(非常好)”，将二次侧的电流适当电流范围为800A以上且小于1500A的情况评价为“Good(好)”，将二次侧的电流适当电流范围为100A以上且小于800A的情况评价为“Fair(尚可)”，将二次侧的电流适当电流范围小于100A的情况评价为“Poor(差)”。
(D)薄膜密合性
将厚度20μm的PET薄膜在200℃的温度下贴附于试验材料的两面，进行拉深减径挤压加工，制作出罐体。在125℃的温度下进行30分钟的蒸煮处理，观察薄膜的剥离状况，根据剥离面积率评价薄膜密合性。
具体而言，将剥离面积率为0％的情况评价为“Very Good(非常好)”，将剥离面积率超过0％且为2％以下的情况评价为“Good(好)”，将剥离面积率超过2％且为10％以下的情况评价为“Fair(尚可)”，将剥离面积率超过10％的情况评价为“Poor(差)”。
(E)一次涂料密合性
对试验材料涂敷环氧酚醛树脂(epoxy-phenol resin)，在200℃的温度下进行了30分钟的烘烤处理。以1mm间隔切出达到基体金属的深度的格子状的切缝，使用胶带来剥离。剥离状况，根据剥离面积率评价一次涂料密合性。
具体而言，将剥离面积率为0％的情况评价为“Very Good(非常好)”，将剥离面积率超过0％且为5％以下的情况评价为“Good(好)”，将剥离面积率超过5％且为30％以下的情况评价为“Fair(尚可)”，将剥离面积率超过30％的情况评价为“Poor(差)”。
(F)二次涂料密合性
对试验材料涂敷环氧酚醛树脂(epoxy-phenol resin)，在200℃的温度下进行了30分钟的烘烤处理。以1mm间隔切出达到基体金属的深度的格子状的切缝，其后，在125℃的温度下进行了30分钟的蒸煮处理。干燥后，采用胶带来剥离涂膜，观察剥离状况，根据剥离面积率评价了二次涂料密合性。
具体而言，将剥离面积率为0％的情况评价为“Very Good(非常好)”，将剥离面积率超过0％且为5％以下的情况评价为“Good(好)”，将剥离面积率超过5％且为30％以下的情况评价为“Fair(尚可)”，将剥离面积率超过30％的情况评价为“Poor(差)”。
(G)涂膜下耐蚀性
对试验材料涂敷环氧酚醛树脂(epoxy-phenol resin)，在200℃的温度下进行了30分钟的烘烤处理。其后，切出达到基体金属的深度的格子状的切缝，在45℃的温度下在由1.5％柠檬酸－1.5％食盐混合液构成的试验液中浸渍72小时。进行洗涤和干燥后，进行胶带剥离。观察切出切缝的部分的涂膜下腐蚀状况和平板部的腐蚀状况，根据涂膜下腐蚀的宽度和平板部的腐蚀面积率的评价来评价涂膜下耐蚀性。
具体而言，将涂膜下腐蚀宽度小于0.2mm并且平板部的腐蚀面积率为0％的情况评价为“Very Good(非常好)”，将涂膜下腐蚀宽度为0.2mm以上且小于0.3mm并且平板部的腐蚀面积率超过0％且为1％以下的情况评价为“Good(好)”，将涂膜下腐蚀宽度为0.3mm以上且小于0.45mm并且平板部的腐蚀面积率超过1％且为5％以下的情况评价为“Fair(尚可)”，将涂膜下腐蚀宽度为0.45mm以上或平板部的腐蚀面积率超过5％的情况评价为“Poor(差)”。
(H)蒸煮耐锈性
将试验材料在125℃的温度下进行了30分钟的蒸煮处理。其后，观察锈的发生状况，根据锈发生面积率评价了蒸煮耐锈性。
具体而言，将锈发生面积率为0％的情况评价为“Very Good(非常好)”，将锈发生面积率超过0％且为1％以下的情况评价为“Good(好)”，将锈发生面积率超过1％且为5％以下的情况评价为“Fair(尚可)”，将锈发生面积率超过5％的情况评价为“Poor(差)”。
表2
如表3所示，本发明例A1～A22不论在哪项的特性评价中都是“Good(好)”以上的评价，具有理想的特性。另一方面，比较例a1～a14，某项的特性被评价为“Poor”，特性比本发明例差。
实施例3
采用下述的方法制造了化学转化处理钢板。制造条件示于表4和表5。＜镀Ni钢板＞
在钢板上形成镀Ni层(而不是形成复合镀层)的情况下，使用以下的(处理法1)或(处理法2)的方法，在板厚0.15～0.23mm的钢板上形成镀Ni层，制作出镀Ni钢板。
(处理法1)
对冷轧后进行了退火和调质轧制了的板厚0.15～0.23mm的钢板进行脱脂和酸洗，然后，使用瓦特浴在其两面形成镀Ni层，制作出镀Ni钢板。
(处理法2)
使用瓦特浴在进行了冷轧的板厚0.15～0.23mm的钢板的两面形成镀Ni层，然后进行退火，来形成Ni扩散层，进而进行脱脂和酸洗，制作出镀Ni钢板。
＜复合镀敷钢板＞
(处理法1’)
对冷轧后进行了退火和调质轧制的板厚0.15～0.23mm的钢板进行脱脂和酸洗，然后使用硫酸－盐酸浴实施镀Fe－Ni合金，接着，使用费洛斯坦镀锡浴(Ferrostan bath)实施镀Sn，然后，进行熔融溶锡处理，制作出具有复合镀层的复合镀敷钢板。
(处理法2’)
使用瓦特浴，对冷轧后进行了退火和调质轧制的板厚0.15～0.23mm的钢基材(钢板)实施镀Ni，在退火时形成Ni扩散层，进行脱脂、酸洗后，使用费洛斯坦镀锡浴实施镀Sn，其后，进行熔融溶锡处理，制作出具有复合镀层的复合镀敷钢板。
＜化学转化处理工序＞
对于采用上述的(处理法1)、(处理法2)、(处理法1’)或(处理法2’)的方法制作的镀Ni钢板或复合镀敷钢板，实施以下的(处理法3)～(处理法7)中的任一方法，由此在镀Ni钢板或复合镀敷钢板的表面形成了含有Zr化合物和Mg化合物的化学转化处理皮膜层。再者，处理法3～6，是在0.5～30.0A/dm2的电流密度、0.5～5.0秒的阴极电解处理时间和10～60℃的化学转化处理液的温度的条件下进行了阴极电解处理。另外，处理法7，是在温度为60℃、pH值为3.5的化学转化处理液中浸渍了180秒的浸渍时间。
(处理法3)
通过使用溶解了氟化Zr、并添加了硝酸Mg的化学转化处理液，进行阴极电解处理，形成了化学转化处理皮膜层。
(处理法4)
通过使用溶解了氟化Zr和磷酸、并添加了硝酸Mg的化学转化处理液，进行阴极电解处理，形成了化学转化处理皮膜层。
(处理法5)
通过使用溶解了氟化Zr和硝酸铵，并添加了硝酸Mg的化学转化处理液，进行阴极电解处理，形成了化学转化处理皮膜层。
(处理法6)
通过使用溶解了氟化Zr、磷酸和硝酸铵，并添加了硝酸Mg的化学转化处理液，进行阴极电解处理，形成了化学转化处理皮膜层。
(处理法7)
通过使用溶解了氟化Zr、并添加了硝酸Mg的化学转化处理液，进行浸渍处理，形成了化学转化处理皮膜层。
＜洗涤工序＞
通过上述的处理形成化学转化处理皮膜层后，将钢板在10℃以上且低于40℃的蒸馏水中浸渍0.5秒～5.0秒，由此进行了预洗涤。
在进行预洗涤之后，将钢板在表5所示的温度的蒸馏水中浸渍表5所示的时间，由此进行了正式洗涤。
＜附着量测定＞
镀层中的金属Ni量和金属Sn量采用荧光X射线法测定。另外，化学转化处理皮膜层的Zr含量、Mg含量以及磷酸或磷酸盐的含量(换算成P量)，采用荧光X射线分析等的定量分析法测定。
测定结果示于表6。
＜性能评价＞
对于进行了上述处理的试验材料，针对在实施例2中列举的(A)～(H)项目、和以下所述的(I)项目进行了性能评价。评价结果示于表7。(I)由添加Mg离子带来的促进Zr附着的效果
使用从在制作各试验材料时使用过的化学转化处理液除去Mg离子而得到的化学转化处理液，其以外的条件采用与各试验材料同样的条件，制作出容器用钢板(以下称为不含Mg的容器用钢板)。其后，测定了不含Mg的容器用钢板的Zr含量。
利用各试验材料的Zr含量除以不含Mg的容器用钢板的Zr含量所得到的比率(以下称为Zr附着促进率)，来评价了由添加Mg带来的促进Zr附着的效果。具体而言，将Zr附着促进率为1.3以上的情况评价为“VeryGood(非常好)”，将Zr附着促进率小于1.3且为1.2以上的情况评价为“Good(好)”，将Zr附着促进率小于1.2且为1.1以上的情况评价为“Fair(尚可)”，将Zr附着促进率小于1.1的情况评价为“Poor(差)”。表4
表5
表6
本发明例B1～B26均具有由添加Mg离子带来的促进Zr附着的效果，并且具有优异的耐硫化黑变性、加工性、焊接性、薄膜密合性、一次涂料密合性、二次涂料密合性、涂膜下耐蚀性和耐锈性。
进而，通过化学转化处理皮膜层含有按P量计为1.5mg/m2以上的磷酸或磷酸盐，薄膜密合性(包括加工性)和涂膜下腐蚀性进一步提高。
另一方面，比较例b1～b16，不具有促进Zr附着的效果，并且，耐硫化黑变性、焊接性、加工性、焊接性、薄膜密合性、一次涂料密合性、二次涂料密合性、涂膜下耐蚀性和耐锈性中的至少一部分特性差。
再者，比较例b1和b9，可以认为由于化学转化处理液中的Zr离子量少，因此不能发挥由Mg离子带来的促进Zr析出的效果。
比较例b3和b11，化学转化处理液中的F离子量少，Zr4+离子不能够以(ZrF6)2－等络离子的形式在处理液中以溶解状态稳定地存在，而以ZrO2等的形态作为不溶物在处理液中析出，即使是含有Mg离子的情况，化学转化处理皮膜层中的Zr化合物量也少。因此，可以认为由Mg离子带来的促进Zr析出的效果不理想。(相反地，在F离子多的情况下，由于(ZrF6)2－等络离子过度地稳定，难以形成皮膜。)
比较例b5和b13，可以认为由于化学转化处理液中的Mg离子量不足，因此由Mg离子带来的促进Zr析出的效果不理想。
以上参照附图对本发明的优选的实施方式进行了详细说明，但本发明并不被所述例子限定。具有本发明所属的技术领域的普通知识的人员，能够在权利要求书所记载的技术思想的范畴内想到各种的变更例或修改例，这些变更例或修改例也当然地属于本发明的技术范围。
产业上的可利用性
根据上述一实施方式，能够提供具有优异的生产率、环境性和耐硫化黑变性的容器用钢板、和容器用钢板的制造方法。
附图标记说明
10 容器用钢板
101 钢板
102 镀Ni层
103 复合镀层
103d Fe－Ni－Sn合金层
103e 岛状镀Sn层
105 化学转化处理皮膜层

Claims (7)

1.一种容器用钢板，其特征在于，具备：
钢板；
作为所述钢板的上层而设置、且含有Ni的镀层；和
作为所述镀层的上层而设置、且含有换算成金属Zr量为3.0～30.0mg/m2的Zr化合物和换算成金属Mg量为0.50～5.00mg/m2的Mg化合物以及不可避免的杂质的化学转化处理皮膜层，
所述镀层是含有换算成金属Ni量为10～1000mg/m2的Ni的镀Ni层、或在Fe－Ni－Sn合金层上形成有岛状镀Sn层的复合镀层，所述复合镀层含有换算成金属Ni量为5～150mg/m2的Ni和换算成金属Sn量为300～3000mg/m2的Sn。
2.根据权利要求1所述的容器用钢板，其特征在于，所述化学转化处理皮膜层还含有换算成P量合计为1.5～25.0mg/m2的磷酸和磷酸盐中的至少一方。
3.一种容器用钢板的制造方法，是制造权利要求1或2所述的容器用钢板的方法，其特征在于，具有以下工序：
镀敷工序：在钢板上形成镀Ni层或复合镀层，所述镀Ni层含有换算成金属Ni量为10～1000mg/m2的Ni，所述复合镀层是在Fe－Ni－Sn合金层上形成有岛状镀Sn层的复合镀层，含有换算成金属Ni量为5～150mg/m2的Ni和换算成金属Sn量为300～3000mg/m2的Sn；
化学转化处理工序：在所述镀敷工序后，通过使用化学转化处理液进行阴极电解处理，从而在所述镀层上形成化学转化处理皮膜层，所述化学转化处理液含有100～3000ppm的Zr离子、120～4000ppm的F离子和50～300ppm的Mg离子；和
正式洗涤工序:在所述化学转化处理工序后，使用40℃以上的水对形成有所述镀层和所述化学转化处理皮膜层的所述钢板进行0.5秒以上的洗涤处理。
4.根据权利要求3所述的容器用钢板的制造方法，其特征在于，所述化学转化处理液还含有2000ppm以下的磷酸根离子。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的容器用钢板的制造方法，其特征在于，所述化学转化处理液还含有合计为20000ppm以下的硝酸根离子和铵离子。
6.根据权利要求3或4所述的容器用钢板的制造方法，其特征在于，在所述正式洗涤工序之前还具有预洗涤工序，所述预洗涤工序是使用10℃以上且低于40℃的水对形成有所述镀Sn层和所述化学转化处理皮膜层的所述钢板进行0.5秒以上的洗涤处理的工序。
7.根据权利要求5所述的容器用钢板的制造方法，其特征在于，在所述正式洗涤工序之前还具有预洗涤工序，所述预洗涤工序是使用10℃以上且低于40℃的水对形成有所述镀Sn层和所述化学转化处理皮膜层的所述钢板进行0.5秒以上的洗涤处理的工序。
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