CN1073880A - 用于超声造影的造影剂 - Google Patents
用于超声造影的造影剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1073880A CN1073880A CN92115180A CN92115180A CN1073880A CN 1073880 A CN1073880 A CN 1073880A CN 92115180 A CN92115180 A CN 92115180A CN 92115180 A CN92115180 A CN 92115180A CN 1073880 A CN1073880 A CN 1073880A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- contrast agent
- fatty acid
- serum albumin
- suspension
- human serum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002872 contrast media Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 102000008100 Human Serum Albumin Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 108091006905 Human Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical group 0.000 claims description 45
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 43
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035479 physiological effects, processes and functions Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002601 radiography Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 125000005313 fatty acid group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myristic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 4
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCO HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 3
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-methylheptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002592 echocardiography Methods 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHKKSKOHRFHHIN-MRVPVSSYSA-N 1-[[2-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-4-chlorophenyl]methyl]-2-sulfanylidene-5H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-one Chemical compound N[C@H](C)C1=C(CN2C(NC(C3=C2C=CN3)=O)=S)C=CC(=C1)Cl BHKKSKOHRFHHIN-MRVPVSSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011265 2D-echocardiography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010056388 Albunex Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920001503 Glucan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000560 biocompatible material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013155 cardiography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002405 diagnostic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000019622 heart disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012216 imaging agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005240 left ventricle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N levoglucosan Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2CO[C@@H]1O2 TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007764 o/w emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000399 optical microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005241 right ventricle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/22—Echographic preparations; Ultrasound imaging preparations ; Optoacoustic imaging preparations
- A61K49/222—Echographic preparations; Ultrasound imaging preparations ; Optoacoustic imaging preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, liposomes
- A61K49/225—Microparticles, microcapsules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/04—X-ray contrast preparations
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
- Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开一种颗粒及其制备方法,所述颗粒的
平均直径小于大约12微米,此颗粒含由人体血清白
蛋白包封的脂肪酸芯体。这些材料用作超声造影的
造影剂,其散射强度相当于或大于由分散的微气泡而
涂到的造影剂的散射强度。但是,与以分散的微气泡
为基础的造影剂相比,不论是储存或是在体内使用,
本发明的造影试剂均稳定得多。
Description
本发明是关于诊断造影领域。更详细地,本发明是关于用于改善采用被称为超声造影的诊断造影技术时所得的影像。
利用超声检查人和动物内部器官是前些时期引入的诊断方法,它是基于兆赫范围(1MHz以上)内的超声波在不同类型组织之间的内表面上反射。所产生的回波因此被放大并显示出来。对比介质超声心动描记术是这种结合中特别重要的,它被用在M型和二维超声心动描记术中的心脏病诊断。
超声造影包括了超声能量通过一种物质转变,这种物质具有部分定向超声波射线被反射(散射)并被设在需造影区域表面上的探测器接收的声学性能。散射射线的强度在很大程度上取决于散射中心的尺寸以及散射中心和周围介质之间的密度和可压缩性的不同。通过散射超声射线转变成显示在屏幕上的电信号而得到的最后造影的锐度和清晰度经常不足。因而人们在设计生物适应性造影剂(Contrast agents)上作了大量的努力,当将这些造影剂注入到血流中时,它们将使散射射线的强度增加,从而使所得造影的锐度和清晰度增加,提高了观察血液由心脏输送到其它器官流动的能力。
用于超声心回波描记术的许多对比介质已有描述,如不稳定过氧化氢、用二氧化碳浓缩的不稳定氯化钠溶液,由明胶包封的微气泡以及以其它方式稳定的微气泡。见美国专利4,572,203、4,718,433、4,774,958和4,844,882。到目前为止,这类造影剂都是由稳定(或不稳定)微气泡组成。
分子生物系统(Molecular Biosystems)销售的ALBUNEX是由微气泡组成的,这种气泡是通过使人体血清蛋白(HSA)溶液经声波处理而制备的。在欧洲,正在研究中的其它体系包括ECHOVIST和LEVOVIST,这些造影剂中含有含大量捕集的空气气泡的半乳糖颗粒悬浮液。所有这些含气泡的体系当受压时都有不稳定缺陷,该压力大约为心脏收缩的血压,即130mmHg或更大。Meltzer及其同事研究发现,在120mmHg时,HSA微气泡的寿命为10秒钟;ECHOVIST的活性在1~2分钟内会失去一半。压力升高,该速度会剧烈增加。见Meltzer,R.S.等人,Advances in Echocardiography Conference,10/4-5/90,Chicago,IL。
因此需要一种对血流压力有抵抗力的超声造影剂。这种材料能使人们观察到先前已不能接近含上述造影剂的气泡的组织和器官,例如,在将造影剂注入远距离末梢静脉或动脉后,观察血液通过心脏、肝及其它器官的灌注情景。造影剂还必须含有生物适应性材料,而且应具有一定的粒度分布以使该试剂能容易地通过肺的毛细床。
我们发现,制备由人体血清白蛋白(HSA)和脂肪酸组成的、对血流压力具有很大稳定性的颗粒是可能的。这些颗粒散射超声射线的水平与已有的微气泡材料相似或更高。更详细地,本发明提供了一些含由人体血清白蛋白包封的脂肪酸芯的超声造影剂(imaging agents)。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种制备超声造影剂的方法,该方法包括(a)通过将脂肪酸在一种溶剂中溶解而制备脂肪酸溶液;(b)将脂肪酸溶液与HSA溶液混合,从而形成具有HSA涂层的细颗粒脂肪酸悬浮液;和(c)加热所得悬浮液至高于90℃,并同时迅速搅拌以使HSA凝结。加热使白蛋白分子交联成稳定的网络并分离出可能使用过的任何低沸点(有机)溶剂。尽管通常选择与水混溶的有机溶剂,但使用不与水混溶的溶剂也是有可能的。
在本发明可选择的方法中,脂肪酸悬浮液是通过酸化脂肪酸的盐溶液以形成脂肪酸乳浊液而制备的,所述盐典型地为钠盐。在加热使HSA凝结之后再加入HSA。在本方法中,避免了使用脂肪酸的溶剂。
本发明的造影剂的平均直径必须在0.1到12微米的范围内,其中0.1到10微米为优选,0.1到8微米为更加优选。
用于形成本发明造影剂的脂肪酸是选自具有6到18个碳原子的脂肪酸。它可以是饱和的[CH3(CH2)nCOOH,其中n为4到16的整数]或是不饱和的,可以是直链或是支链的。在体温(32℃)时为液体为优选。脂肪酸的混合物也是适宜的。尽管这类混合物可以包括在32℃时通常是固体的脂肪酸,以及在32℃时通常是液体的脂肪酸,但是混合物在32℃时为液体为优选。
用于制备本发明造影剂的适宜脂肪酸例子包括己酸、十四烷酸、油酸、硬脂酸、辛酸、异硬脂酸、棕榈酸和月桂酸。
根据脂肪酸的重量计算,本发明造影剂的脂肪酸部分可含高达50%重量的与生理相适应的辅助剂,在32℃时辅助剂为液体为优选。这些辅助剂可包括油(如胆固醇),以及表面活性剂。它们可具有增加回波产生力(echogenicity)、控制颗粒尺寸等的作用。
另外,HSA可以是经过改性的,如为了预防免疫响应或增加造影剂在器官中的停留时间,可在HSA中加入聚亚烷基二醇。
在本发明的造影剂颗粒中,HSA部分与脂肪酸部分的重量比例大约为10∶1到1∶1,其中6∶1到3∶1为优选,大约4∶1为更优选。
在本发明的一种方法中,发明的造影剂是通过在HSA溶液中沉积脂肪酸,然后加热使HSA凝结而制备的。在此过程中应充分搅拌以保证得到可接受的粒度分布。在本发明优选的一个实施例中,沉积是通过在使用声波处理机提供所需搅拌的同时向HSA溶液中注入脂肪酸溶液而完成的。尽管可使用任意合适的搅拌速度,我们优先选择60到600RPM的速度范围。我们还发现,回波产生力的增加程度随着搅拌速度的增加而增加。
在本发明一种可选择的方法中,发明的造影剂是这样制备的,即首先产生一种脂肪酸水悬浮液,如将酸的钠盐溶液酸化,然后将HSA与悬浮液混合,再加热使HSA凝结。
在这种方法的一个优选实施例中,为了提高所得颗粒的回波产生力,在将脂肪酸悬浮液与HSA混合之前在该悬浮液中通入气体以产生气泡。尽管其它生理上可接受的气体可被采用,优选的该气体为氧气。在该实施例中,气体通入悬浮液产生气泡的时间至少为8小时,更优选为至少24小时。在一个实验(见实施例6)中,结果发现,向悬浮液中通6天的产生气泡的氧气能大大地增强回波产生力。
优选地,沉积后的加热步骤是渐进进行的,持续至少大约45分钟,至少一小时为优选。
实际上,造影剂通常是以本发明的颗粒在一种生理能接受的液体中的悬浮液形成注入到受体上去的,该悬浮液一般含0.1~3%(重量/体积)的固体,0.1~2%为优选,大约1.5%为更加优选。
实施例1 制备由HSA和十四烷酸组成的超声造影剂
将3.5ml含7%十四烷酸的四氢呋喃溶液注入到25ml含2%人体血清白蛋白的溶液中,此时溶液用加热系统WP375声波处理机搅拌。将所得悬浮液经3分钟的声波处理,处理后温度为51℃(此温度远低于HSA的凝结温度)。然后,在搅拌(大约60RPM)的同时将悬浮液加热到大约95℃。该加热步骤所耗费的总时间大约为55分钟。此时,悬浮液基本上不含四氢呋喃并呈半透明外观。颗粒平均直径大约为6微米。我们利用7Mhz射线检验了这种悬浮液的一个样品,此悬浮液的散射(回波产生力)水平大约为11mV(毫伏),结果很好。这至少比水的散射水平多一个数量级。
实施例2 使用高搅拌速度
根据实施例1中描述的方法重复制备HSA/十四烷酸造影剂,其造影剂的回波产生力水平为19MV。在同样的制备中,搅拌速度提高一个数量级(从大约60RPM提高到600RPM)。这包括搅起大量空气泡沫。大的捕集的空气气泡通过静置悬浮液24小时而被消除,即通过使大的气泡升至液面,然后,要测试的样品由容器的底部取出。采用这种方法制备的造影剂的回波产生力水平为57mV。正如上面所指出的,应该注意,这个测量结果不应是大的捕集的气泡的功效。在颗粒直径放大3000倍的显微镜中观看,没有发现气泡的存在。在此放大倍数时,人们能够分辨直径大于0.2微米的气泡。颗粒的直径范围为大约1~12微米。在室内条件下存放一个月,其回波产生力水平实际上相同。(54mV)。
为了对比,在大约600RPM条件下迅速搅拌2%的HSA溶液。超初,其回波产生力值也很高(超过50mV)(搅拌后立即测量)。但是,散射强度随时间很快下降,以致于一会儿之后,所获得的信号仅仅高于背景(大约2MV)。
实施例3 利用不同的脂肪酸制备HSA/脂肪酸造影剂
根据实施例1中描述的方法,使用下列脂肪酸制备HSA悬浮液:棕榈酸、油酸、月桂酸和硬脂酸。所有这些都显示出了很高(大于30mV)的回波产生力。
实施例4 使用不与水混溶的有机溶剂
根据实施例1中描述的方法制备HSA/十四烷酸悬浮液,但使用正己烷代替四氢呋喃。这样,当将正己烷溶液与HSA混合时会形成水包油型乳状液。随后的加热分离出正己烷并留下悬浮在HSA中的脂肪酸。用这种方法制备的浓度为含约1.9%固体的悬浮液显示出与使用四氢呋喃时所得的悬浮液回波产生力基本相同(27mV)。
实施例5 可供选择的制备方法(不使用有机溶剂)
采用0.1NHCl滴定50ml0.5%油酸钠的水溶液样品,使最终pH值为3.5。由于生成了一种油酸悬浮液,所以溶液变得非常混浊。光学显微术测量的粒径在0.1微米范围内。
将30%人体血清白蛋白的水溶液加入到此乳状液中以使最后的白蛋白浓度为2.0%。然后将混合液在中等搅拌速度条件下加热60分钟以使最后温度为94℃。与水相比(1.2mV),测量上述溶液的回波产生力为15.9mV。
实施例6 使用氧化以提高回波产生力
根据实施例5中描述的方法制备油酸乳状液,在六天时间内将纯氧气通入乳状液。如上所述,将人体血清白蛋白加入,并在中等搅拌速度下加热此混合液30分钟,该时间结束时,温度为94℃。与水相比(1.2mV),测量上述溶液的回波产生力为93mV。
尽管不打算与本发明的任何理论相联系,但却注意到氧气容易被油酸吸收。可以想象,在加热过程中,溶解的氧气被油酸的表面吸收,此时氧气被包封油酸的白蛋白捕集(由于在高于其凝结温度下加热)。这些气泡被假定成很小(在3000倍条件下不可见)而且在造影剂中显然非常稳定。可以想象其它气体如氩气、氮气、二氧化碳、氮气以及氧化亚氮也具有同样的作用。
因此,下面的结论也是可能的,即使没有本实施例的氧气增强技术,本发明的造影剂颗粒的回波产生力很大的原因是由于有被包封的氧气微气泡,这种氧气微气泡可能被捕集在脂肪酸和HSA之间的表面上。
实施例7 稀释作用
根据实施例6的方法制备了一种悬浮液。其平均粒径为8微米。固体含量为2.5%时的回波产生力为35mV。通过加入水将溶液浓度稀释成原始浓度的一半并测量其回波产生力。重复稀释直至溶液浓度为原始浓度的1/32。此系列实验的数据如下:
浓度 回波产生力(Mv)
2.5% 35
1.25% 87
0.625% 78
0.31% 27
0.155% 17
0.0785 7.5
数据表明,当浓度降至小于0.1%时,该系统保持很好的散射水平。
实施例8 加热前在油酸和HSA悬浮液中加入少量油酸钠的作用
根据实施例6描述的方法制备了一种悬浮液。其颗粒尺寸为6~10微米。固体含量为2.0%时的回波产生力为20mV。另一种悬浮液是通过加热前加入少量油酸钠(与HSA的重量比为2%)而制备的。在固体含量及颗粒尺寸相同时,由此方法制备的悬浮液的回波产生力为36mV。
实施例9 压力作用
将按实施例2描述的方法制备的HSA/棕榈酸颗粒悬浮液的一个样品在160mmHg压力下作用30分钟。结果表明在压力作用前后的回波产生力变化很小(两种情况下均为70mV)。这表明了这些造影剂对压力变化的稳定性。
实施例10 稀释脂肪酸的作用
根据实施例1中描述的方法制备了一系列悬浮液,但其中部分脂肪酸(这里采用十四烷酸)被胆固醇代替,以保证胆固醇与十四烷酸的比例为1∶1、2∶1和1∶2。只有十四烷酸含量高的样品显示出高的散射水平。也就是说,不是脂肪酸的油类(如胆固醇)不能使HSA具有足够的增加稳定的回波产生颗粒的能力。相反地,它们用作稀释剂,并且只能允许占很小的比例。
实施例11 代替脂肪酸醇的作用(比较实施例)
根据实施例1描述的方法制备悬浮液,但采用十四烷醇代替十四烷酸。这种醇也称为1-十四烷醇。其散射水平比由十四烷酸得到的悬浮液低得多,这表明,在本发明的实际使用中不能使用脂肪醇代替脂肪酸。
实施例12 采用葡聚糖代替HSA
根据实施例1描述的方法制备悬浮液,只是采用葡聚糖聚合物代替HSA。生成了很好的十四烷酸悬浮液,但其回波产生力很小(2.8mV)。这就表明在本发明的实际使用中只能采用HSA。
实施例13 采用非脂肪酸对比
根据实施例1的方法进行对比实验,只是不采用脂肪酸。结果没有观察到散射射线。这再一次证明本发明使用脂肪酸的必要。
实施例14 心脏左侧造影的论证
将按实施例1描述的方法制备的悬浮液注入兔子的右心室,可以观察到左心脏造影,这就表明该造影剂经过肺的毛细床、肺移至左心室。另外,采用同样的注射方法可以观察到很好的肝充满。当通过耳静脉注射时,也能得到很好的左心脏造影。这些实验是在马萨诸塞总医院(Massachusetts General Hospital)药学和造影研究中心(Center for Pharmaceutical and Imaging Research)采用7.5Mhz射线和Acuson造影机进行的。
当然,可在不背离本发明的范围和实质前提下进行改变和修正。
Claims (27)
1、一种诊断造影剂,含平均直径不大于12微米的颗粒,所述颗粒含有由人体血清白蛋白包封的一种或多种脂肪酸芯体。
2、根据权利要求1的造影剂,所述颗粒平均直径在0.1~12微米范围内。
3、根据权利要求2的造影剂,所述颗粒平均直径在0.1~10微米范围内。
4、根据权利要求3的造影剂,所述颗粒平均直径在0.1~8微米范围内。
5、根据权利要求1的造影剂,所述脂肪酸具有6~18个碳原子。
6、根据权利要求5的造影剂,所述脂肪酸为饱和的。
7、根据权利要求5的造影剂,所述脂肪酸为直链的。
8、根据权利要求2的造影剂,所述脂肪酸为不饱和的。
9、根据权利要求5的造影剂,所述脂肪酸有一支链。
10、根据权利要求1的造影剂,其进一步包括能与脂肪酸相容的辅助剂。
11、根据权利要求10的造影剂,所述辅助剂为选自生理能接受的油类和表面活性剂。
12、根据权利要求11的造影剂,所述辅助剂为胆固醇。
13、根据权利要求10的造影剂,所述辅助剂的重量含量以脂肪酸的总重量计算为0~50%。
14、根据权利要求1的造影剂,所述人体血清白蛋白与脂肪酸的重量比为10∶1~1∶1。
15、根据权利要求14的造影剂,所述比例为4∶1。
16、一种制备诊断造影剂的方法,所述造影剂含平均直径不大于12微米的颗粒,所述颗粒含有由人体血清白蛋白包封的一种或多种脂肪酸芯体,该方法包括形成包封有人体血清白蛋白的脂肪酸的细颗粒悬浮液和加热所得悬浮液以凝结人体血清白蛋白。
17、根据权利要求16的方法,所述悬浮液被加热到90℃以上。
18、根据权利要求17的方法,所述悬浮液被加热至少45分钟。
19、根据权利要求18的方法,所述悬浮液被加热至少一小时。~600RPM范围内。
20、根据权利要求16的方法,所述悬浮液的搅拌速度在60~600RPM范围内。
21、根据权利要求16的方法,所包括的步骤为(a)通过将一种脂肪酸溶解在一种溶剂中制备一种脂肪酸溶液;(b)将所述脂肪酸溶液与人体血清白蛋白溶液混合以形成由人体血清白蛋白的包封的脂肪酸细颗粒悬浮液;及(c)在快速搅拌的同时加热所得悬浮液至90℃以上以凝结人体血清白蛋白。
22、根据权利要求16的方法,所包括的步骤为(a)酸化脂肪酸的盐溶液以形成脂肪酸乳状液;(b)加入人体血清白蛋白;和(c)加热凝结人体血清白蛋白。
23、根据权利要求22的方法,将气体在步骤(b)之前通入脂肪酸溶液以产生气泡。
24、根据权利要求23的方法,所述气体含氧气。
25、根据权利要求24的方法,所述气体通入起泡持续至少8小时。
26、根据权利要求25的方法,所述气体通入起泡持续至少24小时。
27、根据权利要求26的方法,所述气体通入起泡持续6天。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US803,293 | 1991-12-04 | ||
US07/803,293 US5196183A (en) | 1991-12-04 | 1991-12-04 | Contrast agents for ultrasound imaging |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1073880A true CN1073880A (zh) | 1993-07-07 |
Family
ID=25186146
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN92115180A Pending CN1073880A (zh) | 1991-12-04 | 1992-12-04 | 用于超声造影的造影剂 |
Country Status (22)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5196183A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0547654A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2769077B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR930012039A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1073880A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2857292A (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9204841A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2084432A1 (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ352992A3 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI925526A (zh) |
HU (2) | HU9203845D0 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL103951A0 (zh) |
IS (1) | IS3955A (zh) |
MX (1) | MX9206980A (zh) |
MY (1) | MY134715A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO924679L (zh) |
PL (1) | PL296827A1 (zh) |
SK (1) | SK352992A3 (zh) |
TN (1) | TNSN92111A1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW221791B (zh) |
UY (1) | UY23515A1 (zh) |
YU (1) | YU103792A (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006072201A1 (fr) * | 2005-01-10 | 2006-07-13 | Chongqing Haifu(Hifu)Technology Co., Ltd | Adjuvant sous forme de particules pour un traitement hifu et son utilisation |
Families Citing this family (65)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20020150539A1 (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 2002-10-17 | Unger Evan C. | Ultrasound imaging and treatment |
US6146657A (en) | 1989-12-22 | 2000-11-14 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Gas-filled lipid spheres for use in diagnostic and therapeutic applications |
US5580575A (en) | 1989-12-22 | 1996-12-03 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Therapeutic drug delivery systems |
US5776429A (en) | 1989-12-22 | 1998-07-07 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Method of preparing gas-filled microspheres using a lyophilized lipids |
US6001335A (en) | 1989-12-22 | 1999-12-14 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Contrasting agents for ultrasonic imaging and methods for preparing the same |
US6551576B1 (en) | 1989-12-22 | 2003-04-22 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Medical Imaging, Inc. | Container with multi-phase composition for use in diagnostic and therapeutic applications |
US5352435A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1994-10-04 | Unger Evan C | Ionophore containing liposomes for ultrasound imaging |
US5585112A (en) | 1989-12-22 | 1996-12-17 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Method of preparing gas and gaseous precursor-filled microspheres |
US5705187A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1998-01-06 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Compositions of lipids and stabilizing materials |
US5469854A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1995-11-28 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Methods of preparing gas-filled liposomes |
US5542935A (en) | 1989-12-22 | 1996-08-06 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Therapeutic delivery systems related applications |
US5305757A (en) | 1989-12-22 | 1994-04-26 | Unger Evan C | Gas filled liposomes and their use as ultrasonic contrast agents |
US5733572A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1998-03-31 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Gas and gaseous precursor filled microspheres as topical and subcutaneous delivery vehicles |
US5656211A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1997-08-12 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Apparatus and method for making gas-filled vesicles of optimal size |
US5922304A (en) | 1989-12-22 | 1999-07-13 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Gaseous precursor filled microspheres as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents |
US6088613A (en) | 1989-12-22 | 2000-07-11 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Method of magnetic resonance focused surgical and therapeutic ultrasound |
US5773024A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1998-06-30 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Container with multi-phase composition for use in diagnostic and therapeutic applications |
US5874062A (en) | 1991-04-05 | 1999-02-23 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Methods of computed tomography using perfluorocarbon gaseous filled microspheres as contrast agents |
US5205290A (en) | 1991-04-05 | 1993-04-27 | Unger Evan C | Low density microspheres and their use as contrast agents for computed tomography |
US5993805A (en) | 1991-04-10 | 1999-11-30 | Quadrant Healthcare (Uk) Limited | Spray-dried microparticles and their use as therapeutic vehicles |
GB9107628D0 (en) * | 1991-04-10 | 1991-05-29 | Moonbrook Limited | Preparation of diagnostic agents |
MX9205298A (es) * | 1991-09-17 | 1993-05-01 | Steven Carl Quay | Medios gaseosos de contraste de ultrasonido y metodo para seleccionar gases para usarse como medios de contraste de ultrasonido |
AU5321694A (en) * | 1992-10-06 | 1994-04-26 | Molecular Biosystems, Inc. | Method of ultrasonic imaging of body cavities |
GB9221329D0 (en) | 1992-10-10 | 1992-11-25 | Delta Biotechnology Ltd | Preparation of further diagnostic agents |
IL108416A (en) | 1993-01-25 | 1998-10-30 | Sonus Pharma Inc | Colloids with phase difference as contrast ultrasound agents |
US5362478A (en) * | 1993-03-26 | 1994-11-08 | Vivorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Magnetic resonance imaging with fluorocarbons encapsulated in a cross-linked polymeric shell |
PT711179E (pt) * | 1993-07-30 | 2005-03-31 | Imcor Pharmaceutical Company | Composicoes de microbolhas estabilizadas para ultra-som |
US5798091A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1998-08-25 | Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp. | Stabilized gas emulsion containing phospholipid for ultrasound contrast enhancement |
US7083572B2 (en) * | 1993-11-30 | 2006-08-01 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Medical Imaging, Inc. | Therapeutic delivery systems |
US5736121A (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 1998-04-07 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Stabilized homogenous suspensions as computed tomography contrast agents |
US5509896A (en) * | 1994-09-09 | 1996-04-23 | Coraje, Inc. | Enhancement of thrombolysis with external ultrasound |
US5540909A (en) * | 1994-09-28 | 1996-07-30 | Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp. | Harmonic ultrasound imaging with microbubbles |
GB9423419D0 (en) | 1994-11-19 | 1995-01-11 | Andaris Ltd | Preparation of hollow microcapsules |
US6743779B1 (en) | 1994-11-29 | 2004-06-01 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Methods for delivering compounds into a cell |
US5830430A (en) | 1995-02-21 | 1998-11-03 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Cationic lipids and the use thereof |
US6139819A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2000-10-31 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Targeted contrast agents for diagnostic and therapeutic use |
US5804162A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-09-08 | Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp. | Gas emulsions stabilized with fluorinated ethers having low Ostwald coefficients |
US6231834B1 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2001-05-15 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Methods for ultrasound imaging involving the use of a contrast agent and multiple images and processing of same |
US6033645A (en) | 1996-06-19 | 2000-03-07 | Unger; Evan C. | Methods for diagnostic imaging by regulating the administration rate of a contrast agent |
US6521211B1 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2003-02-18 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Medical Imaging, Inc. | Methods of imaging and treatment with targeted compositions |
WO1997040679A1 (en) | 1996-05-01 | 1997-11-06 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Methods for delivering compounds into a cell |
US6414139B1 (en) | 1996-09-03 | 2002-07-02 | Imarx Therapeutics, Inc. | Silicon amphiphilic compounds and the use thereof |
US6017310A (en) * | 1996-09-07 | 2000-01-25 | Andaris Limited | Use of hollow microcapsules |
ES2189974T3 (es) | 1996-09-11 | 2003-07-16 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp | Procedimientos mejorados para la obtencion de imagenes de diagnostico usando un agente de contraste y un vasodilatador. |
US5846517A (en) | 1996-09-11 | 1998-12-08 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Methods for diagnostic imaging using a renal contrast agent and a vasodilator |
US8137684B2 (en) | 1996-10-01 | 2012-03-20 | Abraxis Bioscience, Llc | Formulations of pharmacological agents, methods for the preparation thereof and methods for the use thereof |
US6068600A (en) * | 1996-12-06 | 2000-05-30 | Quadrant Healthcare (Uk) Limited | Use of hollow microcapsules |
US6143276A (en) | 1997-03-21 | 2000-11-07 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Methods for delivering bioactive agents to regions of elevated temperatures |
US6537246B1 (en) * | 1997-06-18 | 2003-03-25 | Imarx Therapeutics, Inc. | Oxygen delivery agents and uses for the same |
US6120751A (en) | 1997-03-21 | 2000-09-19 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Charged lipids and uses for the same |
US6090800A (en) | 1997-05-06 | 2000-07-18 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Lipid soluble steroid prodrugs |
US20050019266A1 (en) * | 1997-05-06 | 2005-01-27 | Unger Evan C. | Novel targeted compositions for diagnostic and therapeutic use |
US6416740B1 (en) | 1997-05-13 | 2002-07-09 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Medical Imaging, Inc. | Acoustically active drug delivery systems |
US6548047B1 (en) | 1997-09-15 | 2003-04-15 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Medical Imaging, Inc. | Thermal preactivation of gaseous precursor filled compositions |
US6123923A (en) | 1997-12-18 | 2000-09-26 | Imarx Pharmaceutical Corp. | Optoacoustic contrast agents and methods for their use |
US20010003580A1 (en) | 1998-01-14 | 2001-06-14 | Poh K. Hui | Preparation of a lipid blend and a phospholipid suspension containing the lipid blend |
US6638230B2 (en) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-10-28 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Apparatus and method of frequency compounding to perform contrast imaging |
US7737097B2 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2010-06-15 | Lam Research Corporation | Method for removing contamination from a substrate and for making a cleaning solution |
US8364256B2 (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2013-01-29 | Coraje, Inc. | Method and apparatus of removal of intravascular blockages |
CN100574809C (zh) * | 2005-01-10 | 2009-12-30 | 重庆海扶(Hifu)技术有限公司 | 一种高强度聚焦超声治疗用氟碳乳剂类助剂及其应用 |
ES2407982T3 (es) * | 2006-09-13 | 2013-06-17 | Holtec International, Inc. | Aparato y método para soportar conjuntos combustibles en un entorno subacuático que tiene carga de acceso lateral |
US9757462B2 (en) | 2010-11-19 | 2017-09-12 | Sapporo Medical University | Combined pharmaceutical preparation |
ES2821966T3 (es) | 2014-04-02 | 2021-04-28 | Nitto Denko Corp | Molécula de direccionamiento derivada de RBP y utilización de la misma |
GB201415681D0 (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2014-10-22 | Cambridge Entpr Ltd And President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Protien Capsules |
WO2022014762A1 (ko) * | 2020-07-16 | 2022-01-20 | ㈜에어레인 | 연소배가스의 이산화탄소 포집 및 질소 농축을 동시에 수행하는 다단 막분리공정 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4572203A (en) * | 1983-01-27 | 1986-02-25 | Feinstein Steven B | Contact agents for ultrasonic imaging |
US4718433A (en) * | 1983-01-27 | 1988-01-12 | Feinstein Steven B | Contrast agents for ultrasonic imaging |
DE3834705A1 (de) * | 1988-10-07 | 1990-04-12 | Schering Ag | Ultraschallkontrastmittel aus gasblaeschen und fettsaeure enthaltenden mikropartikeln |
PT81498B (pt) * | 1984-11-23 | 1987-12-30 | Schering Ag | Processo para a preparacao de composicoes para diagnostico contendo particulas magneticas |
DE3529195A1 (de) * | 1985-08-14 | 1987-02-26 | Max Planck Gesellschaft | Kontrastmittel fuer ultraschalluntersuchungen und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
US4844882A (en) * | 1987-12-29 | 1989-07-04 | Molecular Biosystems, Inc. | Concentrated stabilized microbubble-type ultrasonic imaging agent |
US4957656A (en) * | 1988-09-14 | 1990-09-18 | Molecular Biosystems, Inc. | Continuous sonication method for preparing protein encapsulated microbubbles |
-
1991
- 1991-12-04 US US07/803,293 patent/US5196183A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-11-24 AU AU28572/92A patent/AU2857292A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-11-28 EP EP92203684A patent/EP0547654A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-12-01 CZ CS923529A patent/CZ352992A3/cs unknown
- 1992-12-01 SK SK3529-92A patent/SK352992A3/sk unknown
- 1992-12-02 JP JP4323081A patent/JP2769077B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-12-02 TW TW081109668A patent/TW221791B/zh active
- 1992-12-03 PL PL29682792A patent/PL296827A1/xx unknown
- 1992-12-03 MX MX9206980A patent/MX9206980A/es unknown
- 1992-12-03 YU YU103792A patent/YU103792A/sh unknown
- 1992-12-03 TN TNTNSN92111A patent/TNSN92111A1/fr unknown
- 1992-12-03 MY MYPI92002220A patent/MY134715A/en unknown
- 1992-12-03 IS IS3955A patent/IS3955A/is unknown
- 1992-12-03 CA CA002084432A patent/CA2084432A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-12-03 IL IL103951A patent/IL103951A0/xx unknown
- 1992-12-04 NO NO92924679A patent/NO924679L/no unknown
- 1992-12-04 UY UY23515A patent/UY23515A1/es unknown
- 1992-12-04 FI FI925526A patent/FI925526A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-12-04 HU HU9203845A patent/HU9203845D0/hu unknown
- 1992-12-04 BR BR9204841A patent/BR9204841A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-12-04 HU HU9203845A patent/HUT67164A/hu unknown
- 1992-12-04 KR KR1019920023284A patent/KR930012039A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-12-04 CN CN92115180A patent/CN1073880A/zh active Pending
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006072201A1 (fr) * | 2005-01-10 | 2006-07-13 | Chongqing Haifu(Hifu)Technology Co., Ltd | Adjuvant sous forme de particules pour un traitement hifu et son utilisation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SK352992A3 (en) | 1994-12-07 |
TNSN92111A1 (fr) | 1993-06-08 |
HUT67164A (en) | 1995-02-28 |
YU103792A (sh) | 1995-12-04 |
CZ352992A3 (en) | 1993-09-15 |
FI925526A0 (fi) | 1992-12-04 |
TW221791B (zh) | 1994-03-21 |
NO924679L (no) | 1993-06-07 |
BR9204841A (pt) | 1993-06-08 |
IL103951A0 (en) | 1993-05-13 |
IS3955A (is) | 1993-06-05 |
KR930012039A (ko) | 1993-07-20 |
UY23515A1 (es) | 1993-05-21 |
JPH05194278A (ja) | 1993-08-03 |
EP0547654A1 (en) | 1993-06-23 |
FI925526A (fi) | 1993-06-05 |
PL296827A1 (en) | 1993-12-27 |
CA2084432A1 (en) | 1993-06-05 |
NO924679D0 (no) | 1992-12-04 |
US5196183A (en) | 1993-03-23 |
HU9203845D0 (en) | 1993-03-29 |
JP2769077B2 (ja) | 1998-06-25 |
AU2857292A (en) | 1993-06-17 |
MY134715A (en) | 2007-12-31 |
MX9206980A (es) | 1993-06-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN1073880A (zh) | 用于超声造影的造影剂 | |
Alkan-Onyuksel et al. | Development of inherently echogenic liposomes as an ultrasonic contrast agent | |
DE69636486T2 (de) | Gasemulsionen, die durch fluorierte Ether mit niedrigen Ostwaldkoeffizienten stabilisiert sind | |
EP0660724B1 (en) | Improvements in or relating to contrast agents | |
JP5513708B2 (ja) | 造影イメージング用の気体封入マイクロベシクル・アセンブリー | |
JP4837663B2 (ja) | 造影画像化のためのガス充填微小胞組成物 | |
DE69632907T2 (de) | Neue zusammensetzungen von lipiden und stabilisierenden materialen | |
JP6876436B2 (ja) | 超音波により媒介される薬物送達 | |
EP0907380B1 (en) | Pressure resistant protein microspheres as ultrasonic imaging agents | |
US20030044354A1 (en) | Gas microsphere liposome composites for ultrasound imaging and ultrasound stimulated drug release | |
IE69018B1 (en) | Stable microbubbles suspensions injectable into living organisms | |
WO1996038181A1 (en) | Sonicated dextrose-albumin ultrasound contrast agent, containing perfluorobutane | |
WO1996038180A1 (en) | Ultrasound contrast agents, containing perfluorocarbon in dextrose-albumin microbubbles | |
CZ262598A3 (cs) | Vodné disperze mikrobublinek plynu a kontrastní prostředek | |
CN1261809A (zh) | 增强微囊包封气体的回声和减少其衰减的方法 | |
KR20040030121A (ko) | 기체 마이크로스피어 리포좀 복합체 | |
JP2007515471A (ja) | 造影イメージング用の活性成分を有する気体封入マイクロベシクルのアセンブリー | |
KR20220008827A (ko) | 동결 건조 제품 및 가스 충전된 미세소포 현탁액 | |
DE69836266T2 (de) | Kontrastmittel eine azeotropische mischung aus zwei gasen für ultrascahlluntersuchungen enthaltend | |
DE60006683T2 (de) | Methode um ein gasenthaltendes konstrastmittel mit einer spülflüssigkeit zu mischen vor der verabrechnung in einer kontinuierlichen infustion | |
WO2014096165A2 (en) | Gas-filled microvesicles | |
DE69921317T2 (de) | Gas und destabilisierungsmittel enthaltende ultraschallkontrastmitteldispersionen | |
CN1785435A (zh) | 一种利用机械振荡来制备超声造影剂的方法 | |
Kauerová | Targeting nanoparticle drug carriers: Functionalized microbubbles and their application in ultrasonography | |
Lukáč | Micro and Nanoparticles as Drug Carriers: Surface-Modified Microbubbles Used as Ultrasound Contrast Agents and Drug Carriers |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C01 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application (patent law 1993) | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |