CN107384130A - 一种浸渍树脂组合物及其应用 - Google Patents

一种浸渍树脂组合物及其应用 Download PDF

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CN107384130A
CN107384130A CN201710712038.5A CN201710712038A CN107384130A CN 107384130 A CN107384130 A CN 107384130A CN 201710712038 A CN201710712038 A CN 201710712038A CN 107384130 A CN107384130 A CN 107384130A
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郭亮
侯海波
黎超华
王楷
田宗芳
李忠良
李鸿岩
周升
姜其斌
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Zhuzhou Times New Material Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种浸渍树脂组合物,包括以下重量百分比的组分:环氧树脂35%~45%、双马来酰亚胺8%~15%、苯并噁嗪树脂5%~10%、活性稀释剂5%~10%、引发剂0.5%~1.5%、阻聚剂0.5‰~0.5%、固化促进剂0.5%~3%、酸酐25%~40%。本发明的浸渍树脂组合物,具有优异的耐热性能、电气性能,特别是具有固化温度低、固化速率高、固化时间短、贮存稳定性好等特点,适用于电机定子线圈、大型电机、高压电机以及牵引电机等领域的绝缘处理,尤其适用于树脂粘度大、需要加热浸渍的VPI浸渍工艺。

Description

一种浸渍树脂组合物及其应用
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种浸渍树脂组合物。
背景技术
绝缘系统作为电机的心脏,其性能的优劣直接影响电机的可靠性和运行寿命。作为电机绝缘系统关键材料之一的浸渍树脂,不仅要具有优异的耐热性能、高温电气性能等,还要具有更优异的贮存稳定性以满足产品更长应用周期的需求。
在现有环氧类浸渍树脂体系中,贮存稳定性好的树脂往往固化速率慢,而树脂固化速率快的则贮存稳定性差,在某种程度上两种性能不可兼得。中国专利CN1513893A中提出采用脲类衍生物、胍类衍生物作为环氧树脂的固化剂,虽然固化速率加快了,但是常温和60℃下的贮存稳定性都较差。中国专利CN101157817A提出采用乙酰丙酮铬作为环氧树脂的固化促进剂,虽然获得了较好的贮存稳定性,但其固化速率较低,需要在较高温度下固化。因此,进一步研究开发一种固化速率、固化温度低快且同时具备良好的贮存稳定性的浸渍树脂以满足广市场需求,具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,克服以上背景技术中提到的不足和缺陷,提供一种具有优异耐热性能、电气性能,尤其具有固化温度低、固化速率快、贮存稳定性良好等特点的浸渍树脂组合物。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提出的技术方案为:
一种浸渍树脂组合物,包括以下重量百分比的组分:
上述的浸渍树脂组合物,优选的,所述固化促进剂为嵌段共聚物PHEMAn-b-PNIPAMm,分子量为1000~5000,其中,HEMA为羟乙基甲基丙烯酸酯,其聚合单元n为10~50,NIPAM为N-异丙基丙烯酰胺,其聚合单元m为10~40。
本发明的浸渍树脂组合物采用温敏型嵌段共聚物PHEMAn-b-PNIPAMm(b为嵌段的意思)作为固化促进剂,其在低温下能够保持化学惰性,阻止反应发生,而当温度升至固化条件时,能够迅速引发反应,加快固化速率,缩短凝胶时间;嵌段共聚物内含有的PNIPAM部分分子结构中存在-CONH-及-CH(CH3)2两部分,在低温时,其与浸渍树脂中其余组分之间的相互作用主要是酰胺基团与环氧树脂中羟基及环氧基团、酸酐中羧基等的氢键作用,由于氢键与范德华力的作用,使其能够形成低温下稳定的五边形结构和有序化程度较高的状态;而随着温度上升,分子内及分子间部分氢键被破坏、有序化程度降低使得嵌段聚合物中酰胺基团裸露出来,温度上升至反应温度时,裸露出来的酰胺基团起到促进环氧酸酐固化的作用;含有的PHEMA部分分子结构,一方面能提高该聚合物与树脂体系的相容性,另一方面能提供形成氢键或相关作用力的羟基基团。
在固化过程中,一方面,嵌段共聚物PHEMAn-b-PNIPAMm中的酰胺基团能够与树脂中耐热组分双马来酰亚胺中的双键实现Michael加成反应,提高体系固化度;另一方面,由于苯并噁嗪树脂在高温下不稳定,在80℃~120℃左右分解出氨基基团,其与嵌段聚合物中的羟基一起最终在体系固化温度段内与环氧基团反应,提高体系固化度。
上述的浸渍树脂组合物,优选的,所述环氧树脂为双酚A环氧树脂、双酚F环氧树脂、邻甲酚醛环氧树脂、海因环氧树脂中的一种或几种。
上述的浸渍树脂组合物,优选的,所述双马来酰亚胺为二苯甲烷型双马来酰亚胺、双酚A二苯醚双马来酰亚胺、酚酞二苯醚双马来酰亚胺、双酚F二苯醚双马来酰亚胺中的一种或几种。
上述的浸渍树脂组合物,优选的,所述苯并噁嗪树脂为双酚A型苯并噁嗪树脂、聚醚胺型苯并噁嗪树脂中的一种或两种。
本发明的浸渍树脂组合物采用双马酰亚胺和苯并噁嗪树脂作为添加组分,不仅基于前述的可以提高体系固化度,还基于这二者中均含有氨基、酰胺等极性基团,能够与体系中环氧基团、嵌段聚合物中羟基、酰胺极性基团通过氢键、范德华力等发生相互作用,最终帮助体系实现在较低温度下(常温和60℃下)的良好贮存稳定性。
上述的浸渍树脂组合物,优选的,所述活性稀释剂为对叔丁基苯基缩水甘油醚、新戊二醇二缩水甘油醚、邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯中的一种或几种。
上述的浸渍树脂组合物,优选的,所述引发剂为过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)、过氧化二叔丁基(DTBP)、过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)中的一种或几种。
上述的浸渍树脂组合物,优选的,所述阻聚剂为特丁基对苯二酚、对苯二酚中的一种或两种;
所述酸酐为甲基四氢苯酐、甲基纳迪克酸酐、纳迪克酸酐中的一种或几种。
上述的浸渍树脂组合物,优选的,所述双马来酰亚胺为二苯醚型双马来酰亚胺;所述苯并噁嗪树脂为双酚A型苯并噁嗪树脂;所述活性稀释剂为对叔丁基苯基缩水甘油醚,其添加量占浸渍树脂组合物重量的百分比为5%~8%;所述引发剂为过氧化二异丙苯,其添加量占浸渍树脂组合物重量的百分比为0.8%~1.2%;所述阻聚剂为对苯二酚,其添加量占浸渍树脂组合物重量的百分比为0.5‰~1.5‰。
本发明采用的二苯醚型双马来酰亚胺和双酚A型苯并噁嗪树脂溶解度低,在100℃左右就能在体系中完全溶解。活性稀释剂的含量需控制在本发明的范围内,这样可以实现良好的稀释作用,使得体系粘度在适当范围内,满足浸渍工况的要求,同时还可以降低对体系耐热性能的影响。阻聚剂的含量需控制在本发明的范围内,含量太高,体系凝胶时间过长,树脂流失过大,将导致挂漆量减少,而含量过低,将导致树脂存储时有凝胶风险。
作为一个总的发明构思,本发明还提供一种上述的浸渍树脂组合物在电机绝缘处理中的应用,将电机先用所述浸渍树脂组合物进行浸渍处理,经浸渍处理后将电机放置在旋转烘箱中加热固化成型,固化温度为100℃~180℃,固化时间为6~15h;所述浸渍处理的具体操作步骤包括:将电机在100℃~120℃下预烘4~10h,然后冷却至40℃~50℃等待浸漆,将浸漆罐真空度控制在100Pa以下,并保压0.5~2h,进行输漆,再将浸渍罐内压力加至0.5~1MPa,保压0.5~2h。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
本发明的浸渍树脂组合物,具有优异的耐热性能、电气性能,特别是具有固化温度低、固化速率高、固化时间短、贮存稳定性好等特点,适用于电机定子线圈、大型电机、高压电机以及牵引电机等领域的绝缘处理,尤其适用于树脂粘度大、需要加热浸渍的VPI浸渍工艺。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明,下文将结合较佳的实施例对本文发明做更全面、细致地描述,但本发明的保护范围并不限于以下具体实施例。
除非另有定义,下文中所使用的所有专业术语与本领域技术人员通常理解含义相同。本文中所使用的专业术语只是为了描述具体实施例的目的,并不是旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
除非另有特别说明,本发明中用到的各种原材料、试剂、仪器和设备等均可通过市场购买得到或者可通过现有方法制备得到。
实施例1:
一种本发明的浸渍树脂组合物,包括以下重量百分比的组分:
本实施例的浸渍树脂组合物的制备过程包括以下步骤:称取40g双酚A环氧树脂,加入3.5g邻甲酚醛环氧树脂、10g二苯醚型双马来酰亚胺、6.5g双酚A苯并噁嗪树脂,加热至100℃,搅拌均匀,然后降温至60℃下,加入6.5g对叔丁基苯基缩水甘油醚、0.5g过氧化二异丙苯、0.05g对苯二酚、32g甲基四氢苯酐、0.5g聚羟乙基甲基丙烯酸甲酯-N-异丙基丙烯酰胺嵌段共聚物(即固化促进剂PHEMAm-b-PNIPAMn,其分子量为2000~3500,m为10,n为14),充分搅拌均匀,获得浸渍树脂组合物。
将本实施例的浸渍树脂组合物应用于电机绝缘处理:将电机先用浸渍树脂组合物进行浸渍处理,经浸渍处理后将电机放置在旋转烘箱中加热固化成型,固化温度为160℃,固化时间为10h;固化后测试性能,结果参见表1。其中,浸渍处理的具体操作步骤包括:将电机在100℃~120℃下预烘8h,然后冷却至50℃等待浸漆,将浸漆罐真空度控制在100Pa以下,并保压2h,进行输漆,再将浸渍罐内压力加至1MPa,保压1h。
实施例2:
一种本发明的浸渍树脂组合物,包括以下质量分数的组分:
本实施例的浸渍树脂组合物的制备过程包括以下步骤:称取40g双酚F环氧树脂,加入12g二苯甲烷型双马来酰亚胺、7g聚醚胺型苯并噁嗪树脂,加热至100℃,搅拌均匀,然后降温至60℃下,加入7g新戊二醇二缩水甘油醚、0.8g过氧化二叔丁基、0.1g特丁基对苯二酚、30g甲基四氢苯酐、2g甲基纳迪克酸酐、1g聚羟乙基甲基丙烯酸甲酯-N-异丙基丙烯酰胺嵌段共聚物(即固化促进剂PHEMAm-b-PNIPAMn,其分子量为2500~3500,m为10,n为16),充分搅拌均匀,获得浸渍树脂组合物。
将本实施例的浸渍树脂组合物应用于电机绝缘处理:将电机先用浸渍树脂组合物进行浸渍处理,经浸渍处理后将电机放置在旋转烘箱中加热固化成型,固化温度为160℃,固化时间为10h;固化后测试性能,结果参见表1。其中,浸渍处理的具体操作步骤包括:将电机在100℃~120℃下预烘8h,然后冷却至50℃等待浸漆,将浸漆罐真空度控制在100Pa以下,并保压2h,进行输漆,再将浸渍罐内压力加至1MPa,保压1h。
对比例1:
一种浸渍树脂组合物,由以下制备过程制备:称取40g双酚F环氧树脂,加入4g邻甲酚醛环氧树脂、10g二苯甲烷型双马来酰亚胺、8g聚醚胺苯并噁嗪树脂、1g乙酰丙酮铝,加热至100℃,搅拌均匀,然后降温至60℃下,加入9g对苯基叔丁基缩水甘油醚、1.2g过氧化二异丙苯、0.1g对苯二酚、38g甲基四氢苯酐,充分搅拌均匀,获得浸渍树脂组合物。将得到树脂于160℃烘烤固化10h,测试性能,结果参见表1。
对比例2:
一种浸渍树脂组合物,由以下制备过程制备:称取30g双酚A环氧树脂,加入10g邻甲酚醛环氧树脂、9g二苯醚型双马来酰亚胺、9g双酚A苯并噁嗪树脂,加热至100℃,搅拌均匀,然后降温至60℃下,加入9g对苯基叔丁基缩水甘油醚、1g过氧化二异丙苯、0.1g对苯二酚、30g甲基四氢苯酐、1g脲类促进剂灭草隆(3-(4-氯苯基)-1,1-二甲基脲),充分搅拌均匀,获得浸渍树脂组合物。将得到树脂于160℃烘烤固化10h,测试性能,结果参见表1。
表1 实施例1、2及对比例1、2的浸渍树脂固化性能测试结果
表1中,浸渍工况模拟实验的一个周期包括以下步骤:将浸渍树脂升温至60℃并保温3h,然后抽真空1h,在空气中暴露1h,再降温至5℃并保温10h;依次循环20次为20个浸渍工况模拟试验周期。
从表1可知,对比例1采用乙酰丙酮盐作为固化促进剂,固化性能在电气强度以及高温介损表现较优,且具有较好的贮存稳定性,但其凝胶时间稍长,体现到应用工艺上就是固化时间更长或固化温度更高;对比例2采用脲类化合物作为固化促进剂,凝胶时间显著缩短,但其电气性能尤其是高温介损较差,贮存稳定性也较差;与对比例1、2相比,本发明实施例1、2的浸渍树脂组合物采用温敏型嵌段共聚物作为固化促进剂,在60℃环境下贮存稳定性优异,同时高温下凝胶时间也显著缩短,并且树枝固化物电气强度尤其是高温介损十分优异。

Claims (10)

1.一种浸渍树脂组合物,其特征在于,包括以下重量百分比的组分:
2.根据权利要求1所述的浸渍树脂组合物,其特征在于,所述固化促进剂为嵌段共聚物PHEMAn-b-PNIPAMm,分子量为1000~5000,其中,HEMA为羟乙基甲基丙烯酸酯,其聚合单元n为10~50,NIPAM为N-异丙基丙烯酰胺,其聚合单元m为10~40。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的浸渍树脂组合物,其特征在于,所述环氧树脂为双酚A环氧树脂、双酚F环氧树脂、邻甲酚醛环氧树脂、海因环氧树脂中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的浸渍树脂组合物,其特征在于,所述双马来酰亚胺为二苯甲烷型双马来酰亚胺、双酚A二苯醚双马来酰亚胺、酚酞二苯醚双马来酰亚胺、双酚F二苯醚双马来酰亚胺中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的浸渍树脂组合物,其特征在于,所述苯并噁嗪树脂为双酚A型苯并噁嗪树脂、聚醚胺型苯并噁嗪树脂中的一种或两种。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的浸渍树脂组合物,其特征在于,所述活性稀释剂为对叔丁基苯基缩水甘油醚、新戊二醇二缩水甘油醚、邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的浸渍树脂组合物,其特征在于,所述引发剂为过氧化二异丙苯、过氧化二叔丁基、过氧化苯甲酰的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的浸渍树脂组合物,其特征在于,所述阻聚剂为特丁基对苯二酚、对苯二酚中的一种或两种;
所述酸酐为甲基四氢苯酐、甲基纳迪克酸酐、纳迪克酸酐中的一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的浸渍树脂组合物,其特征在于,所述双马来酰亚胺为二苯醚型双马来酰亚胺;所述苯并噁嗪树脂为双酚A型苯并噁嗪树脂;所述活性稀释剂为对叔丁基苯基缩水甘油醚,其添加量占浸渍树脂组合物重量的百分比为5%~8%;所述引发剂为过氧化二异丙苯,其添加量占浸渍树脂组合物重量的百分比为0.8%~1.2%;所述阻聚剂为对苯二酚,其添加量占浸渍树脂组合物重量的百分比为0.5‰~1.5‰。
10.一种如权利要求1~9中任一项所述的浸渍树脂组合物在电机绝缘处理中的应用,其特征在于,将电机先用所述浸渍树脂组合物进行浸渍处理,经浸渍处理后将电机放置在旋转烘箱中加热固化成型,固化温度为100℃~180℃,固化时间为6~15h;所述浸渍处理的具体操作步骤包括:将电机在100℃~120℃下预烘4~10h,然后冷却至40℃~50℃等待浸漆,将浸漆罐真空度控制在100Pa以下,并保压0.5~2h,进行输漆,再将浸渍罐内压力加至0.5~1MPa,保压0.5~2h。
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