CN107375430A - 一种具有防治糖尿病及并发症的姜黄素组合物 - Google Patents
一种具有防治糖尿病及并发症的姜黄素组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107375430A CN107375430A CN201710689508.0A CN201710689508A CN107375430A CN 107375430 A CN107375430 A CN 107375430A CN 201710689508 A CN201710689508 A CN 201710689508A CN 107375430 A CN107375430 A CN 107375430A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种以姜黄素、二氢杨梅素、桑枝提取物为主要成分的组合物,该组合物具有防治糖尿病及并发症的作用。本发明组合物以三种不同的药效物质组成,利用不同的药效物质作用原理和靶点发挥降血糖作用,具有服用剂量小、药食同源的特点,是一种安全有效的保健品。实验证明,本发明组合物较单一姜黄素、二氢杨梅素及桑枝提取物具有更强的降血糖活性。体现了复方组合物的协同作用的特点,可用于制备具有降血糖及预防糖尿病并发症作用的药品、保健食品。
Description
技术领域
本发明属医药和食品领域,是一种具有防治糖尿病及其并发症等相关疾病的天然产物制成的组合物。
背景技术
糖尿病是由胰岛素绝对或相对不足而引发的慢性内分泌代谢性疾病,其主要特点为高血糖和多种并发症并存。我国糖尿病的发病率呈现出逐年增加趋势,其中90%为非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病。患者总数为4000万,根据WHO预测到2025年我国糖尿病患者将突破5000万。糖尿病特点是慢性高血糖伴随因胰岛素分泌及作用缺陷引起的糖、脂肪和蛋白质代谢紊乱。其长期的高血糖、高血脂是造成机体脏器损伤的重要原因,因此,纠正糖脂代谢紊乱是治疗糖尿病及其并发症的重要手段。它与人们日常的生活规律、饮食、环境、情绪以及各类化学性物质的损害都有密切的关系。其基本病理生理为体内胰岛素绝对或相对的分泌不足,从而引起碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质、水和电解质代谢紊乱。糖尿病对各个年龄组均可产生影响,已成为严重威胁人类健康和寿命的公共健康问题。中药是纯天然药用植物提取而成的,讲究平稳降血糖,改善胰岛分泌,调节人体免疫力等功能,对防治糖尿病并发症有很好的疗效。
目前,国内外市场上用于预防和治疗糖尿病的口服药物很多,西药主要有磺酰脲类如优降糖、美吡哒,双胍类如二甲双胍、美迪康,葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂如拜糖平等。中药主要有降糖舒、金茂降糖片、玉泉丸、玉盘消渴片等。这些药物在治疗和预防糖尿病,解除糖尿病人痛苦上起了很大作用。但是随着糖尿病人数量的增多和病症的多样化,开发更安全有效地预防和治疗糖尿病(高血糖)的药物或保健品仍然是一件十分有意义的工作。
中药通过多途径、多靶点、整合调节机制发挥药效作用,具有系统性特点。但是,传统中药化学成分复杂,药效物质基础不明确,难于质量控制。用于治疗糖尿病及并发症的各种中药有效部位的功效各有不同和侧重,用化学成分的配伍代替全方,既具备中药整体作用的特点,同时降低了其复杂性,便于药物的质量控制。因此,提供更加方便有效的中药有化学成分复方制剂具有重要的临床意义。
本发明就是将从天然植物中发现或者提取的一种具有防治糖尿病及其并发症等相关疾病的化学成分制成的组合物。该组合物是由有效成分创新组合成天然产物组合物,从几种不同作用机制上入手治疗糖尿病,达到长短结合,标本兼治的效果,以期从疗效和安全性上有显著的突破和提高。
姜黄素(Curcumin)为姜科植物姜黄(Curcuma longaL.)的干燥根茎提取纯化得到,为酸性多酚类化合物,姜黄素具有抗心血管疾病、抗肿瘤、抗微生物、抗抑郁、抗纤维化、保肝、降血糖等药理作用。朱力平研究表明,姜黄素在糖尿病肾病疾病的发展过程中,可改变糖尿病肾病患者的细胞外基代谢,改变患者体内的血流动力学,使细胞肥大,同时,姜黄素对糖尿病肾病大鼠的肾脏细胞和尿液MPC-1水平有显著影响,能改善大鼠肾脏功能,抵抗局部炎性的扩散和发展(医学综述,2014,20(21));董邵壮研究表明,小鼠胰岛素抵抗模型在加入姜黄素的干预后,小鼠空腹胰岛素的水平下降约30%,葡萄糖耐量曲线的水平也明显下降,小鼠胰岛素敏感性明显提高,能够有效改善胰岛素抵抗的发展,姜黄素还能够提高葡萄糖氧化和利用,也可以改善机体的胰岛素抵抗状态(医学临床研究,2007,24(8));沃兴德研究表明,姜黄素的毒性研究表明,其短期及长期用于正常动物未见不良反应、致畸及致癌反应,表明其安全,无毒副作用(浙江中医学报,2000,24:55-56)。
二氢杨梅素为黄酮类化合物,是从新资源食品葡萄科蛇葡萄属植物显齿蛇葡萄(藤茶)Ampelopsis Grossedenta(Hand-Mazz.)W.T.Wa中提取纯化而得。显齿蛇葡萄嫩茎叶中总黄酮的含量高达43.4%-45.52%。其中二氢杨梅素的含量达到20%左右,是显齿蛇葡萄中的主要活性成分。显齿蛇葡萄为民间传统用药,早在《名医别录》中就有记载,广泛用于消炎解毒,治疗骨髓炎,急性淋巴结炎,急性乳腺炎,脓疱疮,湿疹,丹毒疖肿,嗜盐菌食物中毒等。研究表明,显齿蛇葡萄总黄酮毒性小,小鼠灌胃给药,最大耐受量为22.5g/kg(钟正贤,广西藤茶总黄酮保肝作用的实验研究,广西科学,2002,第1期,57),并且具有广泛的生理活性,具有抗氧化作用、免疫调节作用、降低血糖血脂作用等。显齿蛇葡萄含有二氢杨梅素,具有降血糖作用。逯凤肖研究表明,二氢杨梅素能提高糖尿病小鼠的糖耐量,促进肝糖原的合成和增加丙酮酸激酶的含量,表明二氢杨梅素对糖尿病小鼠糖代谢具有一定的改善作用;进一步研究表明,二氢杨梅素能降低血清中TC、TG和LDL-c含量,增加HDL-c含量;二氢杨梅素能提高糖尿病小鼠血清、肝脏及胰腺的抗氧化作用,尤其是清除MDA的作用最强;二氢杨梅素组糖尿病小鼠胰岛素分泌增加且胰岛的损伤较小(逯凤肖,贵州大学,硕士论文,2016)。郭丽娜研究表明,二氢杨梅素能有效降低糖耐量异常大鼠的餐后2h血糖及血清胰岛素水平,改善胰岛素抵抗;对糖耐量异常大鼠体内氧化和非酶糖基化反应具有明显的抑制;对糖耐量异常大鼠肾脏早期损伤具有保护作用(郭丽娜,暨南大学,硕士论文,2007)。刘凯研究表明,二氢杨梅素对大鼠晶状体醛糖还原酶活性的影响,结果表明二氢杨梅素能浓度依赖性地抑制醛糖还原酶的活性,亦可明显改善糖尿病肾病、视网膜病变和神经病变等并发症(刘凯,中药药理与临床,2012,28卷,第4期)。
桑枝提取物为桑科植物桑Morus albaL.的干燥嫩枝提取物。主要含有黄酮成分及生物碱类成分,黄酮类成分主要为桑根酮、桑素、桑色烯、环桑素、环桑色烯、四羟基芪、二氢桑色素、二氢山奈酚等,生物碱成分主要代表性成分为野尻霉素。桑枝降血糖作用也早有记载,如《本草纲目》:“桑枝疗遍体风痒干燥,兼疗口干”。《本草图经》云:桑枝“疗遍体风痒干燥,四肢拘挛,眼晕,消食,利小便,聪明耳目,兼疗口干”。桑枝性平味苦,入肝、脾、肺、肾经。具有祛风湿、利关节、行水气之功效,主治风寒湿痹、四肢拘挛、脚气浮肿、肌肤风痒等疾病。现代医药学不仅验证了上述功能,而且还新发现了桑枝具有降血糖、消炎等功效。市场销售的桑枝颗粒,为桑枝经加工制成的颗粒剂,养阴生津,活血通络,用于阴虚内热,瘀血阻络所致的消渴病,含α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂类活性成分,有效降低餐后血糖值、空腹血糖值及果糖胺水平;刘先明等研究桑枝皮提取物对急性高血脂症小鼠血脂有明显的改善作用;章丹丹等研究表明桑枝总黄酮具有抗氧化活性;邢冬杰等研究表明桑枝提取物能够明显降低糖尿病大鼠血糖、提高血清SOD活性、降低MDA的含量,糖尿病大鼠血脂、血液流变学指标均有不同程度的改善作用;邢冬杰研究还发现桑枝总黄酮提取物能够明显降低2型糖尿病大鼠血糖、糖化血清蛋白,提高胰岛素敏感性指数;Kimura研究发现桑枝中含有的多羟基生物碱可使链脲佐菌素导致的糖尿病小鼠血糖降低;叶菲等用含桑枝水提取物的饲料喂养四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠15d后,发现高血糖症状和高血脂有所改善,肾脏超重比率降低,从而说明桑枝对治疗糖尿病及其并发症有效。
本发明完成前,还未发现由姜黄素、二氢杨梅素及桑枝提取物组成的组合物具有防治糖尿病及并发症的作用,也未发现本发明组合物在防治糖尿病及并发症的药品和保健品中的应用。
发明内容
本发明组合物针对糖尿病及并发症的特点,从不同的作用机制出发,将姜黄素、二氢杨梅素及桑枝提取物首次创新的组合在一起,既具有传统复方中药的特点又具有化学成分明确的特点。从平稳降血糖、改善胰岛素分泌、抑制糖醛还原酶活性、调节人体免疫力、降血脂等方面入手,对防治糖尿病及并发症具有显著疗效。突破了传统中医理论,具有明显的创新性。
本发明组合物从引起糖尿病不同病因及并发症类型入手,达到防治糖尿病及并发症的作用。本发明组合物按照最佳的配比使各成分相互协同、多靶点、多途径作用,从根本上全面调节糖尿病人的机体,改善糖尿病人的身体健康状况。利用姜黄素抑制糖醛还原酶活性、抑制非酶糖基化活性、抑制DPPH自由基、促进胆固醇的代谢、防治代谢综合症等作用;二氢杨梅素能显著促进高糖、高胰岛素诱导的胰岛素抵抗、抑制醛糖还原酶的活性、对糖尿病人肝脏、肾脏损伤保护,抑制血糖的升高及改善脂代谢紊乱作用;桑枝具有降低拮抗胰岛素的激素水平、抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性等作用。本组合物所含不同类型药效物质,从不同的作用靶点和途径都有非常明确的降血糖作用,可将糖尿病人的血糖平稳调节到正常水平。可用于制备具有防治糖尿病及其并发症等相关疾病的药品和保健品。具有明显的创新性和技术进步。
本发明人经过多种配方筛选,最终确定了由姜黄素、二氢杨梅素、桑枝提取物组成的组合物具有明显的降血糖作用及防治糖尿病并发症的作用。同时筛选了各有效成分的最佳比例组合,具有明显的创新性和技术进步。
本发明的有益之处是:本发明提供的中药组合物是从纯天然药用植物姜黄、显齿蛇葡萄、桑枝药材中提取出的有效成分的组合物,具有平稳降血糖,改善胰岛分泌,降低糖尿病人血脂、调节血压、改善血液粘度、调节人体免疫力等功能,对防止糖尿病并发症有很好的疗效。相对于现有技术具有平稳降糖、兼顾并发症的治疗、疗效确切、组成成分明确、无毒副作用、服用方便、价格低廉的优点。相比较现有的治疗糖尿病及并发症的中药,其化学成分简单明确,在药理研究上更易于阐明其作用机制,在生产中更易于药物的质量控制。
本发明提供了一种具有防治糖尿病及其并发症等相关疾病的天然产物制成的组合物,该组合物包括姜黄素20-80份,二氢杨梅素40-150份,桑枝提取物80-300份;优选姜黄素50份,二氢杨梅素100份,桑枝提取物200份,其按照比例混合组成活性成份与药用辅料制成的。
本发明的另一目的是提供了分别提取姜黄素、二氢杨梅素、桑枝提取物的方法及组合物的制备方法,该方法包括:
(1)将姜黄粉碎成粗粉,用6-10倍量50-90%乙醇回流提取2-3次,每次提取2-3小时,滤过,滤液回收乙醇,浓缩到含醇量为5-25%,通过预先处理好的D-101大孔树脂柱,先用5-25%乙醇洗脱,再用60-85%乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,回收乙醇,干燥,得姜黄素;
(2)取显齿蛇葡萄,50-90%乙醇回流提取2-5次,每次提取1-3小时,滤过,加入药液体积0.1-1.0%药用活性炭,滤过,滤液回收乙醇,用20-100倍量水加热溶解,浓缩,滤过,滤渣水洗,干燥,即得二氢杨梅素;
(3)取桑枝,用6-15倍量的50-85%的乙醇回流提取1-3次,每次1-3小时,合并提取液,滤过,滤液回收乙醇,浓缩,干燥,得到桑枝提取物;
(4)将制得的姜黄素20-80份、二氢杨梅素40-150份、桑枝提取物80-300份按配方比例混合后,再与药用辅料一起混合,按常规方法制成口服制剂。
本发明又一个目的是提供了上述提取的姜黄素、二氢杨梅素、桑枝提取物组成的组合物在制备防治糖尿病的药物和保健食品中的应用。
由于本发明首次公开了由姜黄素、二氢杨梅素、桑枝提取物组成的组合物具有防治糖尿病及其并发症等相关疾病的作用,因此,将本组合物单独或与其它活性组份或辅料配合制成药剂,只要是该药剂用于预防和治疗高血糖及其并发症,均属于本发明的保护范围。本发明的组合物在制成任何一种剂型时,均具有预防和治疗高血糖的作用。
由姜黄素、二氢杨梅素、桑枝提取物组成的组合物(简称组合物)具有降血糖作用,通过以下药效学实验得到证实。
1、本发明组合物对正常小鼠糖耐量实验
取小鼠80只,每组10只,随机分成8组,按表1分组。阴性对照组灌生理盐水,阳性对照为拜糖平灌胃30mg/kg,按照表1给药连续给药7天,末次给药前禁食8h,给药时同时淀粉(5g/kg)灌胃,测定给淀粉后0.5h,1h,2h,3h的血糖值。眼眶静脉窦采血。用葡萄糖氧化酶试纸法测定血糖值。结果见表1。
表1、本发明组合物对正常小鼠糖耐量实验结果
*与阴性对照组比较,*P﹤0.01;**P﹤0.001
说明本发明组合物能抑制正常小鼠餐后血糖升高,高、中剂量组具有显著性差异。相同剂量下,本发明组合物较单一的姜黄素、二氢杨梅素及桑枝提取物具有更加明显的药理活性。
2、本发明组合物对四氧嘧啶诱导的高血糖小鼠耐糖量实验
取雄性小鼠80只,每组10只,禁食14h后,腹腔注射2%四氧嘧啶(200mg/kg)生理盐水溶液,注射72h后,眼眶静脉窦采血。测定空腹血糖(取血前禁食10h),用葡萄糖氧化酶试纸法测定血糖值。血糖高于11.1mmol/L的为糖尿病模型小鼠。模型按照表2分组,模型对照组灌生理盐水,阳性对照为拜糖平灌胃30mg/kg,按照表2给药连续给药10天,末次给药前禁食6h,给药同时淀粉(5g/kg)灌胃,测定给淀粉后0.5h,1h,2h的血糖值。眼眶静脉窦采血。用葡萄糖氧化酶试纸法测定血糖值。结果见表2。
表2、本发明组合物对四氧嘧啶诱导的高血糖小鼠耐糖量实验结果
*与模型对照组比较,*P﹤0.05;**P﹤0.001
说明本发明组合物能延缓四氧嘧啶诱导的高血糖小鼠餐后血糖升高。高、中剂量组均有显著性差异,低剂量组较高、中剂量组效果较差。相同剂量下,本发明组合物较单一的姜黄素、二氢杨梅素及桑枝提取物具有更加明显的药理活性。
3、本发明组合物对四氧嘧啶诱导的高血糖小鼠血糖值实验
取雄性小鼠80只,每组10只,禁食14h后,腹腔注射2%四氧嘧啶(200mg/kg)生理盐水溶液,注射72h后,眼眶静脉窦采血。测定空腹血糖(取血前禁食10h),用葡萄糖氧化酶试纸法测定血糖值。血糖高于11.1mmol/L的为糖尿病模型小鼠。模型按照表3分组,模型对照组灌生理盐水,阳性对照为拜糖平灌胃30mg/kg,按照表3给药连续给药10天,末次给药前禁食10h,眼眶静脉窦采血,离心取血清。用葡萄糖氧化酶试纸法测定血糖值。结果见表3。
表3、本发明组合物对四氧嘧啶诱导的高血糖小鼠血糖值实验结果
*与模型对照组比较,*P﹤0.05;**P﹤0.001
说明本发明组合物高、中剂量组均能显著降低四氧嘧啶诱导的高血糖小鼠血糖水平。相同剂量下,本发明组合物较单一的姜黄素、二氢杨梅素及桑枝提取物具有更加明显的药理活性。
本发明是通过下面的实施例进行详细的说明,但不意味着本发明仅限于此,具体实施方案如下:
实施例1、提取物的制备
(1)将姜黄粉碎成粗粉,用8倍量80%乙醇回流提取3次,每次提取2小时,滤过,滤液回收乙醇,浓缩到含醇量为20%,通过预先处理好的D-101大孔树脂柱,先用20%乙醇洗脱,再用80%乙醇洗脱,收集80%乙醇洗脱液,回收乙醇,干燥,得姜黄素;
(2)取显齿蛇葡萄,70%乙醇回流提取4次,每次提取1小时,滤过,加入药液体积0.5%药用活性炭,滤过,滤液回收乙醇,用50倍量水加热溶解,浓缩,滤过,滤渣水洗,干燥,即得二氢杨梅素;
(3)取桑枝,用8倍量的65%的乙醇回流提取2次,每次3小时,合并提取液,滤过,滤液回收乙醇,浓缩,干燥,得到桑枝提取物。
实施例2、(胶囊剂)
称取姜黄素50g、二氢杨梅素100g、桑枝提取物200g、淀粉25g,混合均匀,制粒,干燥,整粒,装入胶囊,制成1000粒,即得。每次2粒、每日2次。
实施例3、(片剂)
称取姜黄素50g、二氢杨梅素100g、桑枝提取物200g、淀粉25g,混合均匀,制粒,干燥,整粒,压片,制成1000片,即得。每次2片、每日2次。
Claims (4)
1.一种具有防治糖尿病的姜黄素药物组合物,其特征在于:是以姜黄素、二氢杨梅素、桑枝提取物为有效成分,与药学上可接受的辅料或载体共同组成,有效成分的重量组成为:姜黄素20-80份,二氢杨梅素40-150份,桑枝提取物80-300份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的姜黄素组合物,其特征是有效成分的最佳重量组成为:姜黄素50份,二氢杨梅素100份,桑枝提取物200份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的姜黄素组合物,其特征在于:所述组合物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将姜黄粉碎成粗粉,用6-10倍量50-90%乙醇回流提取2-3次,每次提取2-3小时,滤过,滤液回收乙醇,浓缩到含醇量为5-25%,通过预先处理好的D-101大孔树脂柱,先用5-25%乙醇洗脱,再用60-85%乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,回收乙醇,干燥,得姜黄素;
(2)取显齿蛇葡萄,50-90%乙醇回流提取2-5次,每次提取1-3小时,滤过,加入药液体积0.1-1.0%药用活性炭,滤过,滤液回收乙醇,用20-100倍量水加热溶解,浓缩,滤过,滤渣水洗,干燥,即得二氢杨梅素;
(3)取桑枝,用6-15倍量的50-85%的乙醇回流提取1-3次,每次1-3小时,合并提取液,滤过,滤液回收乙醇,浓缩,干燥,得到桑枝提取物;
(4)将制得的姜黄素20-80份、二氢杨梅素40-150份、桑枝提取物80-300份按配方比例混合后,再与药用辅料一起混合,按常规方法制成口服制剂。
4.如权利要求1所述的具有防治糖尿病的姜黄素组合物,其特征在于:它是硬胶囊、软胶囊、片剂、颗粒剂、散剂、丸剂、袋泡中的一种或几种。
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