CN107373673A - 用于心脑血管病引起的失能半失能患者的全营养配方食品 - Google Patents
用于心脑血管病引起的失能半失能患者的全营养配方食品 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于全营养技术领域，提出了用于心脑血管病引起的失能半失能患者的全营养配方食品，由下列重量份的组分组成：碳水化合物40～60g，蛋白粉15～28g，HMB0.5～0.75g，谷氨酰胺1.5～5g，精氨酸0～4g，亮氨酸0.5～1g，抗性糊精2～6g，低聚木糖0.17～0.4g，棉子糖0.75～2.5g，低聚果糖1.25～2g，植物脂肪8～13g，中链甘油三酯2.5～4g，鱼油粉0～0.2g，胆碱0.09～0.5g，复合矿物质2～4g，复合维生素0.5～1.5g。本发明解决了心脑血管病引起的失能半失能患者的蛋白质能量代谢障碍、营养不良导致患者治疗耐受力下降、治疗效果下降、生活质量下降、生存时间缩短、并发症增加，营养不良的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于全营养技术领域，涉及一种用于心脑血管病引起的失能半失能 患者的全营养配方食品。
背景技术
第六次人口普查显示，60岁及以上人口占全国总人口的13.26％，比2000 年人口普查上升2.93个百分点，其中65岁及以上人口占8.87％，比2000年上 升1.91个百分点。全国老龄办发布《第四次中国城乡老年人生活状况抽样调查 成果》报告显示，有18.3％的老年人为失能、半失能状态，总数达4063万人。 神经系统慢性疾病，营养问题已逐渐引起重视。由心血管疾病引起的失能和半 失能患者往往因为神经功能受损、吞咽障碍、意识障碍、心理因素等多方面原 因导致摄食减少，胃肠动力学、胃肠血液动力学和神经内分泌功能改变，影响 营养物质的消化和吸收。其营养不良风险和营养不良发生率非常高。另一方面，失能老年人膳食搭配一般较为简单，营养结构不全面，再加之食物摄人量也相 对较少，摄人的蛋白质数量和质量都相对较差，也增加了营养不良的风险。
心脑血管疾病是心血管和脑血管的疾病统称，泛指由于高脂血症、血液黏 稠、动脉粥样硬化、高血压等所导致的心脏、大脑及全身组织发生的缺血性或 出血性疾病。心脑血管疾病是一种严重威胁人类，特别是50岁以上中老年人健 康的常见病，即使应用目前最先进、完善的治疗手段，仍可有50％以上的脑血 管意外幸存者生活不能完全自理。目前，我国心脑血管疾病患者已经超过2.7亿 人，我国每年死于心脑血管疾病近300万人，占我国每年总死亡病因的51％。 心脑血管疾病使老年患者丧失劳动力、生活不能自理、致残，而且是老年患者 死亡的主要元凶，已经对现代社会构成严重的威胁。心脑血管疾病是危害人类健康的第一大杀手，不但对人们的生命健康造成重大危胁，而且给社会带来沉 重的经济负担。
失能是个体健康测量的重要指标，指一个人在日常生活中主要活动能力或 生活能力的丧失或受限。目前常用以下标准：定义吃饭、穿衣、上下床、上厕 所、室内走动、洗澡6项指标，如果有两项以下做不到，则定义为轻度失能老 人，如果2-3项做不到，则定义为中度失能老人，5-6项做不到的为重度失能老 人。轻度失能患者的日常活动受限不大，生活上基本能自理，也称为半失能。 而心脑血管疾病患者绝大部分为失能半失能人群。
患者失能后因为神经功能受损、进食障碍、意识障碍、运动减少等多方面 原因导致摄食减少，引起机体脱水、电解质紊乱、缺氧及维生素和矿物质缺乏， 长时间会造成蛋白质能量代谢障碍、营养不良。营养不良不仅导致患者治疗耐 受力下降、治疗效果下降、生活质量下降、生存时间缩短、并发症增加，而且 给患者家庭、单位、国家带来了巨大的社会经济负担。
在一般情况下，老年人合成代谢过程小于分解代谢过程，随着日常活动的 减少，基础代谢不断下降。有研究显示60岁人的基础代谢大约较20岁时下降 16％，70岁时则减少25％，合成代谢小于分解代谢，从而致使细胞功能下降。 老年人的脑功能、肝功能、肾功能、心功能、和胃肠功能都随年龄增高而有所 下降。从30岁起肾脏细胞每10年大约下降10％，肾小球滤过率降低；糖耐量 下降；肺细胞弹性下降；胃肠分泌的消化液减少，胃肠蠕动减弱；以及机体的 免疫功能随年龄而下降，故老年人对于营养不良的耐受要比年轻人差，日常生 活中各种生理、病理因素均可使老年人缺乏足够的营养，威胁身体健康。需要 通过膳食调节和合理的营养满足不同老年人对多种营养素的需求，防止因营养 不良所致疾病的危害。
老年人由于生物和生理变化，可能存在营养不良风险，并且老年人可能本 身并发某些潜在基础疾病。由于肌肉质量减少而脂肪百分比增加导致机体组成 和营养需求的变化。基础代谢率降低从而降低能量需求。并伴有视觉、嗅觉障 碍、食物选择的限制、咀嚼困难度的增加。当慢性或急性疾病引起的代谢改变， 增加营养需求时，如果食物摄入量差或营养物质的吸收减少，容易继发营养衰 竭。因此，中老年人的营养问题更为复杂，需谨慎对待。
由于老年人身体重要器官功能贮备明显减少，体内环境的稳定性逐渐降低 以及各种基础疾病或急性疾病影响，营养不良发生率较高。维持老年人的营养 良好状况意义重大，充足的能量和营养摄入对于老年人保持营养状况、预防营 养不良至关重要。营养不良与老年人较差的日常活动能力和身体功能密切相关。
一项调查，296例≥65岁需要照顾(即失能半失能)的老年人，其中57％ 的老人有营养不良的风险，12％存在营养不良。营养状况良好的老人其身体功 能状态亦显著优于营养状况差者。
患心脑血管病的老年人营养风险发生率较高。住院超过3周的老年重度脑 卒病人中，高达56.3％的患者曾发生营养不良。急性期脑卒中患者有16％～35％ 发生营养不良，卒中恢复阶段营养不良的发生率为32％～49％。营养不良可导致 卒中并发症发生率高。营养不良的风险是卒中发生6个月时患者的死亡率、住 院时间和住院花费的独立预测因素。
发明内容
本发明提出一种用于心脑血管病引起的失能半失能患者的全营养配方食 品，解决了现有技术中的上述问题。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
用于心脑血管病引起的失能半失能患者的全营养配方食品，由下列重量份 的组分组成：
碳水化合物40～60g，蛋白粉15～28g，HMB0.5～0.75g，谷氨酰胺1.5～5g， 精氨酸0～4g，亮氨酸0.5～1g，抗性糊精2～6g，低聚木糖0.17～0.4g，棉子糖 0.75～2.5g，低聚果糖1.25～2g，植物脂肪8～13g，中链甘油三酯2.5～4g，鱼油粉 0～0.2g，胆碱0.09～0.5g，复合矿物质2～4g，复合维生素0.5～1.5g，
其中，碳水化合物为麦芽糊精与酶解米粉任意比例混合物，蛋白粉选自乳 清蛋白和/或大豆分离蛋白，HMB以Ca-HMB的形式添加。
作为进一步的技术方案，由下列重量份的组分组成：碳水化合物50g，蛋白 粉22g，HMB0.62g，谷氨酰胺3.2g，精氨酸2g，亮氨酸0.8g，抗性糊精4g，低 聚木糖0.3g，棉子糖1.5g，低聚果糖1.6g，植物脂肪10.5g，中链甘油三酯3.2g， 鱼油粉0.1g，胆碱0.3g，复合矿物质3g，复合维生素1g。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述抗性糊精与低聚木糖、棉籽糖、低聚果糖的 总量为7～9g。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述蛋白粉的蛋白含量为80％。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述植物脂肪经过预包埋处理，包埋剂为麦芽糊 精，且植物油与麦芽糊精比例为1:1.2～1.5，植物油来源于大豆油、亚麻油、椰 子油、玉米油、棕榈油、花生油、胚芽油中的一种或几种。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述鱼油粉的有效成分大于等于40％。
作为进一步的技术方案，每100mg复合矿物质预混料包括：钙10～14mg， 钠12～16mg，钾16～25mg，铜0.018～0.022mg，镁4～6mg，铁0.15～0.24mg，锌 0.08～0.23mg，碘1.1～1.7μg，磷6～17mg，锰5～25mg，钼0.9～2μg，硒0.5～1μg， 铬0.42～1μg。
作为进一步的技术方案，每100mg矿物质预混料包括：维生素A21～35μg， 维生素D0.45～0.8μg，维生素E0.48～0.8mg，维生素K2～3μg，维生素 B10.04～0.06mg，维生素B20.04～0.06mg，维生素B60.05～0.06mg，维生素 B120.08～0.1μg，维生素C3.4～10mg，烟酰胺0.44～0.81mg，叶酸13.5～30μg， 泛酸0.17～0.22mg，生物素1.2～2μg。
本发明使用原理及有益效果为：
本发明中的全营养配方食品很好的解决了心脑血管病引起的失能半失能患 者的蛋白质能量代谢障碍、营养不良导致患者治疗耐受力下降、治疗效果下降、 生活质量下降、生存时间缩短、并发症增加，营养不良的问题，HMB为β-羟基 -β-甲基丁酸，本发明创新性的将HMB增加至全营养食品用于解决心脑血管病 引起的失能半失能患者，通过其与碳水化合物、蛋白粉、HMB、谷氨酰胺、精 氨酸、亮氨酸、抗性糊精、低聚木糖、棉子糖、低聚果糖、植物脂肪、中链甘 油三酯、鱼油粉、胆碱、复合矿物质、复合维生素合适的配比添加，通过全营养食用，增加其耐受力和行动力，从而使其自主实现营养状况的提升，很好的 提高了解决失能半失能患者的代谢问题和营养问题的技术水平。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描 述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中 的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其 他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本发明提出的用于心脑血管病引起的失能半失能患者的全营养配方食品， 由下列重量份的组分组成：碳水化合物40g，蛋白粉15g，HMB0.5g，谷氨酰胺 1.5g，亮氨酸0.5g，抗性糊精2g，低聚木糖0.17，棉子糖0.75g，低聚果糖1.25g， 植物脂肪8g，中链甘油三酯2.5g，胆碱0.09g，复合矿物质2g，复合维生素0.5g。 其中，碳水化合物为麦芽糊精与酶解米粉任意比例混合物，蛋白粉选自乳清蛋 白和/或大豆分离蛋白，HMB以Ca-HMB的形式添加。(抗性糊精与低聚木糖、 棉籽糖、低聚果糖的总量为7～9g为较好的比例)。所述蛋白粉的蛋白含量为80％。 所述植物脂肪经过预包埋处理，包埋剂为麦芽糊精，且植物油与麦芽糊精比例 为1:1.2，植物油来源于大豆油、亚麻油、椰子油、玉米油、棕榈油、花生油、 胚芽油中的一种或几种。所述鱼油粉的有效成分大于等于40％。每100mg复合 矿物质预混料包括：钙10mg，钠12mg，钾16mg，铜0.018mg，镁4mg，铁0.15mg， 锌0.08mg，碘1.1μg，磷6mg，锰5mg，钼0.9μg，硒0.5μg，铬0.42μg。每 100mg矿物质预混料包括：维生素A21μg，维生素D0.45μg，维生素E0.48mg， 维生素K2μg，维生素B10.04mg，维生素B20.04mg，维生素B6 0.05mg，维生 素B120.08μg，维生素C3.4mg，烟酰胺0.44mg，叶酸13.5μg，泛酸0.17mg， 生物素1.2μg。
实施例2
本发明提出的用于心脑血管病引起的失能半失能患者的全营养配方食品， 由下列重量份的组分组成：碳水化合物60g，蛋白粉28g，HMB0.75g，谷氨酰 胺5g，精氨酸4g，亮氨酸1g，抗性糊精6g，低聚木糖0.4g，棉子糖2.5g，低 聚果糖2g，植物脂肪13g，中链甘油三酯4g，鱼油粉0.2g，胆碱0.5g，复合矿 物质4g，复合维生素1.5g。其中，碳水化合物为麦芽糊精与酶解米粉任意比例 混合物，蛋白粉选自乳清蛋白和/或大豆分离蛋白，HMB以Ca-HMB的形式添 加。所述蛋白粉的蛋白含量为80％。所述植物脂肪经过预包埋处理，包埋剂为 麦芽糊精，且植物油与麦芽糊精比例为1:1.5，植物油来源于大豆油、亚麻油、 椰子油、玉米油、棕榈油、花生油、胚芽油中的一种或几种。所述鱼油粉的有 效成分大于等于40％。每100mg复合矿物质预混料包括：钙14mg，钠16mg， 钾25mg，铜0.022mg，镁6mg，铁0.24mg，锌0.23mg，碘1.7μg，磷17mg， 锰25mg，钼2μg，硒1μg，铬1μg。每100mg矿物质预混料包括：维生素 A35μg，维生素D0.8μg，维生素E0.8mg，维生素K3μg，维生素B10.06mg， 维生素B20.06mg，维生素B60.06mg，维生素B120.1μg，维生素C10mg，烟酰 胺0.81mg，叶酸30μg，泛酸0.22mg，生物素2μg。
实施例3
本发明提出的用于心脑血管病引起的失能半失能患者的全营养配方食品， 由下列重量份的组分组成：碳水化合物50g，蛋白粉22g，HMB0.62g，谷氨酰 胺3.2g，精氨酸2g，亮氨酸0.8g，抗性糊精4g，低聚木糖0.3g，棉子糖1.5g， 低聚果糖1.6g，植物脂肪10.5g，中链甘油三酯3.2g，鱼油粉0.1g，胆碱0.3g， 复合矿物质3g，复合维生素1g。其中，碳水化合物为麦芽糊精与酶解米粉任意 比例混合物，蛋白粉选自乳清蛋白和/或大豆分离蛋白，HMB以Ca-HMB的形 式添加。所述蛋白粉的蛋白含量为80％。所述植物脂肪经过预包埋处理，包埋剂为麦芽糊精，且植物油与麦芽糊精比例为1:1.35，植物油来源于大豆油、亚麻 油、椰子油、玉米油、棕榈油、花生油、胚芽油中的一种或几种。所述鱼油粉 的有效成分大于等于40％。每100mg复合矿物质预混料包括：钙12mg，钠14mg， 钾20.5mg，铜0.02mg，镁5mg，铁0.2mg，锌0.15mg，碘1.4μg，磷11.5mg， 锰15mg，钼14.5μg，硒0.75μg，铬0.7μg。每100mg矿物质预混料包括：维 生素A28μg，维生素D0.67μg，维生素E0.65mg，维生素K2.5μg，维生素B10.05mg，维生素B20.05mg，维生素B60.055mg，维生素B120.09μg，维生素 C6.7mg，烟酰胺0.62mg，叶酸22.5μg，泛酸0.2mg，生物素1.6μg。
将上述3实施例全营养配方食品为日餐进行临床实验，以下为临床数据：
患者李某某，男，80岁。冠心病，陈旧心肌梗死，心力衰竭，心功能IV级， 心律失常，室性期前收，心房颤动，高血压3级，极高危，腹水，脑梗死，双 侧颈动脉狭窄，重度营养不良，经口摄入不足。食用实施例1全营养配方食品 为日餐，如下表1为使用前后部分指标：
表1实施例1临床数据
患者崔某某，女，62岁。左侧基底节区脑出血脑肿胀；吸入性肺炎；高血 压3级，极高危；应激性溃疡。食用实施例2全营养配方食品为日餐，如下表2 为使用前后部分指标：
表2实施例2临床数据
患者徐某某，女，79岁。脑梗死，高血压3级极高危；贫血；Ⅱ型呼吸衰 竭右侧胸腔积液；骨质疏松；双侧额颞部硬膜下积液；颈动脉斑块；双下肢动 脉斑块；左侧股动脉狭窄；肺部感染。食用实施例3全营养配方食品为日餐， 如下表3为使用前后部分指标：
从三个实施例可以看出患者通过食用本发明的全营养配方食品，血清总蛋 白、血清白蛋白、血清血红蛋白均有回升，因此本发明能够补充消耗的蛋白质， 有效减缓机体蛋白质进行性分解进程，能够阻止或纠正低蛋白血症的发生。患 者大量瘦体组织分解，因此出现负氮平衡，因此蛋白质分解的主要终产物是尿 素的变化可直接反应机体蛋白质代谢情况，当机体处于应激状态时，蛋白质分 解增加，尿素合成增多，总淋巴细胞是机体免疫应答功能的重要细胞成分，是 评价细胞免疫功能的较可靠指标，服用后，从各表可以看出三位患者淋巴细胞 上升，因此机体免疫力得到了提高。
因此本发明中的全营养配方食品很好的解决了心脑血管病引起的失能半失 能患者的蛋白质能量代谢障碍、营养不良导致患者治疗耐受力下降、治疗效果 下降、生活质量下降、生存时间缩短、并发症增加，营养不良的问题，HMB为 β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸，本发明创新性的将HMB增加至全营养食品用于解决心脑血 管病引起的失能半失能患者，通过其与碳水化合物、蛋白粉、HMB、谷氨酰胺、 精氨酸、亮氨酸、抗性糊精、低聚木糖、棉子糖、低聚果糖、植物脂肪、中链 甘油三酯、鱼油粉、胆碱、复合矿物质、复合维生素合适的配比添加，通过全 营养食用，增加其耐受力和行动力，从而使其自主实现营养状况的提升，很好 的提高了解决失能半失能的代谢问题和营养问题的水平。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发 明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发 明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.用于心脑血管病引起的失能半失能患者的全营养配方食品，其特征在于，由下列重量份的组分组成：
碳水化合物40～60g，蛋白粉15～28g，HMB0.5～0.75g，谷氨酰胺1.5～5g，精氨酸0～4g，亮氨酸0.5～1g，抗性糊精2～6g，低聚木糖0.17～0.4g，棉子糖0.75～2.5g，低聚果糖1.25～2g，植物脂肪8～13g，中链甘油三酯2.5～4g，鱼油粉0～0.2g，胆碱0.09～0.5g，复合矿物质2～4g，复合维生素0.5～1.5g，
其中，碳水化合物为麦芽糊精与酶解米粉任意比例混合物，蛋白粉选自乳清蛋白和/或大豆分离蛋白，HMB以Ca-HMB的形式添加。
2.根据权利要1所述的用于心脑血管病引起的失能半失能患者的全营养配方食品，其特征在于，由下列重量份的组分组成：
碳水化合物50g，蛋白粉22g，HMB0.62g，谷氨酰胺3.2g，精氨酸2g，亮氨酸0.8g，抗性糊精4g，低聚木糖0.3g，棉子糖1.5g，低聚果糖1.6g，植物脂肪10.5g，中链甘油三酯3.2g，鱼油粉0.1g，胆碱0.3g，复合矿物质3g，复合维生素1g。
3.根据权利要1所述的用于心脑血管病引起的失能半失能患者的全营养配方食品，其特征在于，所述抗性糊精与低聚木糖、棉籽糖、低聚果糖的总量为7～9g。
4.根据权利要1所述的用于心脑血管病引起的失能半失能患者的全营养配方食品，其特征在于，所述蛋白粉的蛋白含量为80％。
5.根据权利要1所述的用于心脑血管病引起的失能半失能患者的全营养配方食品，其特征在于，所述植物脂肪经过预包埋处理，包埋剂为麦芽糊精，且植物油与麦芽糊精比例为1:1.2～1.5，植物油来源于大豆油、亚麻油、椰子油、玉米油、棕榈油、花生油、胚芽油中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要1所述的用于心脑血管病引起的失能半失能患者的全营养配方食品，其特征在于，所述鱼油粉的有效成分大于等于40％。
7.根据权利要1所述的用于心脑血管病引起的失能半失能患者的全营养配方食品，其特征在于，每100mg复合矿物质预混料包括：钙10～14mg，钠12～16mg，钾16～25mg，铜0.018～0.022mg，镁4～6mg，铁0.15～0.24mg，锌0.08～0.23mg，碘1.1～1.7μg，磷6～17mg，锰5～25mg，钼0.9～2μg，硒0.5～1μg，铬0.42～1μg。
8.据权利要1所述的用于心脑血管病引起的失能半失能患者的全营养配方食品，其特征在于，每100mg矿物质预混料包括：维生素A21～35μg，维生素D0.45～0.8μg，维生素E0.48～0.8mg，维生素K2～3μg，维生素B1 0.04～0.06mg，维生素B2 0.04～0.06mg，维生素B60.05～0.06mg，维生素B12 0.08～0.1μg，维生素C3.4～10mg，烟酰胺0.44～0.81mg，叶酸13.5～30μg，泛酸0.17～0.22mg，生物素1.2～2μg。
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