CN107360819A - A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich potato - Google Patents

A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich potato Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107360819A
CN107360819A CN201710535223.1A CN201710535223A CN107360819A CN 107360819 A CN107360819 A CN 107360819A CN 201710535223 A CN201710535223 A CN 201710535223A CN 107360819 A CN107360819 A CN 107360819A
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potato
selenium
fertilizer
days
rich
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蒙全
李秀锐
张体泽
梁华源
杨奕志
李伟雄
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
    • C05G5/23—Solutions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of plantation of potato, the sufficient water of leaching uses sufficient fertilizer before sowing, 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of mu during sowing（N‑P2O5‑KO2=15%‑15%‑15%）100kg, commercial type organic fertilizer（Living bacteria count >=300,000,000/gram, organic matter >=45%）（Living bacteria count >=300,000,000/gram, organic matter >=45%）150kg bars are imposed in furrow face ditch, are sowed after earthing；Foliage-spray Selenium-rich nutrient solution respectively, the mu amount of spraying are 45kg/ times；Or the application of organic selenium fertilizer, phase and the quick expanding stage of stem tuber are formed in potato tubers, respectively described potato applies organic selenium fertilizer, applies be separated by 15 20 days twice, and every mu of potato applies organic selenium fertilizer 75kg/ times；The Se content for the potato that the present invention obtains is high, can fully meet the needs of people are to selenium, and potato is high to the absorptivity of selenium in this method.

Description

A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich potato
Technical field
The present invention relates to potato planting, it is more particularly related to a kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich potato.
Background technology
Selenium is the essential trace elements of the human body.Chinese Soclety of Nutrition also by selenium be classified as 15 kinds of nutrients needed by human it One, a large amount of clinical trial both at home and abroad are bright, and human body selenium deficiency can cause the functional disturbance of some vitals, cause many serious diseases Occur, more than 40, whole world country is in selenium deficiency area, and several hundred million populations in Chinese 22 provinces are all in selenium deficiency or low selenium The incidence of disease such as band, these regional population tumour, hepatopathy, angiocardiopathies is very high.Grind to make internal disorder or usurp and show, low selenium or selenium deficiency crowd pass through Appropriate selenium-supply is not only able to the generation of pre- preventing tumor, hepatopathy etc., and can improve body immunity, safeguard the heart, liver, lung, The vitals normal function such as stomach, prevents the generation of senile Cardial or cerebral vascular diseases.Selenium can not synthesize in human body, so will Meets the needs of human body is to selenium, it is necessary to daily Selenium Supplement.
Contained composition is many in potato, mainly there is starch, protein, fat, crude fibre, also vitamin C With vitamin A (carrotene), vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), pellagra preventive factor (nicotinic acid), vitamin E (tocopherol), vitamin B3 (pantothenic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxol), vitamine M (folic acid), biotin H etc., to health all It is beneficial.Amino acid has abundant lysine, tryptophan, histidine, arginine, phenylalanine, valine, leucine, different Leucine and methionine etc..Also contain in potato, rich in potassium, zinc, iron, calcium, phosphorus, iron, fluorine, iodine, manganese, zinc, selenium, sodium, molybdenum, The several mineral materials such as copper, germanium, magnesium, there is very big benefit to human body, therefore, plant a kind of selenium-rich potato can obtain it is multiple Tonic effect, fully meet the health demand of people.There are glucose, fructose and sucrose etc..
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve that in existing selenium-rich soil or selenium deficiency soil real selenium-rich horse can not be produced In the case of bell potato, by the implementation of the method selenium-rich soil or selenium deficiency soil can be made to produce real safe selenium-rich Ma Ling Potato.Se content in potato is up to standard, and organic selenium content is more than more than 90%.The selenium-rich potato of production is set to meet Guangxi Local Standard《Se-rich farm products classificating requirement》(DB45/T1061-2014) selenium-rich potato class Se content 0.02-0.2mg/kg as defined in.And The advantages of offer at least will be described later.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a kind of high potato of Se content, while the selenium in potato is advantageous to people The absorption of body.
In order to realize according to object of the present invention and further advantage, there is provided a kind of plantation side of selenium-rich potato Method, including：
1. the plantation of potato：
It is non-solanaceous crops to make before selection, and soil layer is deep, good permeability, the convenient light loam of irrigation and drainage and sand loam rice terrace Or nonirrigated farmland, hillside fields plantation；
Carry out ridge to plant, ridge face and bottom of trench are flat, straight, soil block is in small, broken bits；
The sufficient water of leaching uses sufficient fertilizer before sowing, 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of mu during sowing（N-P2O5-KO2=15%-15%-15%） 100kg, commercial type organic fertilizer（Living bacteria count >=300,000,000/gram, organic matter >=45%）150kg bars are imposed in furrow face ditch, are covered Sowed after soil；
Single ridge duplicate rows plantation, potato kind put kind in furrow face limes marginis isosceles triangle；
35-40 days, i.e. tuber initiation stage and 55-60 days, the i.e. quick expanding stage of stem tuber after potato emerges, respectively foliage-spray Selenium-rich nutrient solution；
The preparation method of the Selenium-rich nutrient solution is:Weigh potassium selenate 2-10%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 12-16%, liquid boron 10-15%, ammonia Base acid liquid fertilizer 25-30%, sucrose 25-30%, it is well mixed, according to mixture and the mass ratio 1 of water：3-5 is dissolved, and is adjusted Whole ph is 4.5-5.0, divides kind through high pressure steam sterilization 30, after cooling, inoculation yeast strain, and effective viable bacteria of barms, height In 200,000,000/gram, fermented 15-20 days at 22-30 DEG C, produce the Selenium-rich nutrient solution；
2. the application of potato fertilizer：The application of organic selenium fertilizer, phase and the quick expanding stage of stem tuber are formed in potato tubers, respectively Apply organic selenium fertilizer for the potato, apply be separated by 15-20 days twice, every mu of potato applies organic selenium fertilizer 75kg/ times.
The preparation method of the organic selenium fertilizer is：
Step 1: by the beans of 100 parts by weight are clear, the excrement of 20-25 parts by weight（Pig manure 3：Cow dung 2：Sheep manure 1）, 6-8 parts by weight The cellulose-degrading bacteria of selenium ore, the bioprotein of 5-8 parts by weight and 0.1 parts by weight is well mixed, and adds water to soak, at 35 DEG C Fermented 18 days at -45 DEG C, obtain the first tunning；
Step 2: the first tunning is filtered, the first filter residue and the first filtrate are obtained, first filtrate is refrigerated, by first It is 5-8mm that filter residue, which is crushed to particle diameter, is divided into four parts and is separately added into four installation for fermentings, and peanut meal yeast is added in every part Fermented, the temperature of four installation for fermentings is controlled as 25 DEG C, 38 DEG C, 45 DEG C and 50 DEG C, after fermenting 3-5 days, takes out institute The first filtrate is stated, is averaged and is divided into 10 parts, 1 part of first filtrate is added into 25 DEG C of installation for fermentings, is filled to 38 DEG C of fermentations 2 part of first filtrate of middle addition is put, 3 part of first filtrate is added into 45 DEG C of installation for fermentings, is added into 50 DEG C of installation for fermentings 4 part of first filtrate, continue fermentation 20-25 days, then take out, by the tunning at the tunning at 25 DEG C, 38 DEG C, 45 DEG C Under tunning and 50 DEG C at tunning in mass ratio be 1:2:2:1 mixing, produces the organic selenium fertilizer;Wherein, exist Add in peanut meal Yeast fermentation process, stir once, and 0.5- was added into each installation for fermenting every four days within every two days The Se-enriched yeast of 0.6 parts by weight.
When the ridge plants bag ditch 1.0-1.1 rice, ridge face width 70cm, the high 30cm in ridge, ditch bottom width 20-25cm are made into per ridge.
Single ridge duplicate rows plantation, seeding row spacing is 20 × 30cm, and depth of planting is in 5-7cm.
The application of the potato fertilizer also includes：Base manure and the application of top dressing, base manure apply before potato sowing, Mu applies 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer（N-P2O5-KO2=15%-15%-15%）100kg, commercial type organic fertilizer（Effective viable bacteria Number >=3 hundred million/gram, organic matter >=45%）150kg；I.e. neat seedling beginning 50 days i.e. tuber expansion period to after broadcasting at after planting 20 days, every Apply within 15 days growth promoting fertilizer of once keeping a full stand of seedings, every mu of application 30kg growth promoting fertilizer of keeping a full stand of seedings.
The growth promoting fertilizer of keeping a full stand of seedings is by the following nitrate-based compound fertilizer of raw material 45%（N-P2O5-KO2=25%-5%-15%）, high nitrogen potassium Type punching fertilising（N:20-P2O5:10-KO2:30）In mass ratio 5:1 mixture mu is watered 150kg.
According to potato each breeding time to water shortage sensitivity, progress is necessary to pour water, and keeps ground moistening, 7- before harvesting Cut off the water supply, drain water within 10 days.
30 days neat seedlings are covered after black mulch film or potato sowing after potato sowing earthing to potato height of seedling To be earthed up during 20cm, soil layer will not be exposed and influence normal growth by expanding potato underground stem tuber.
Before being harvested after potato planting emergence in 20 days to potato black cutworm, aphid, early blight, evening are prevented and treated respectively within 20 days The pest and disease damage such as epidemic disease and balck shank, 3% phoxim granule is applied respectively, 10% gives a tongue-lashing worm quinoline wettable powder, 72% metalaxyl manganese Zinc wettable powder, 72% cymoxanil mancozeb wettable powder, 70% Wettable propineb powder, 77% Kocide SD are wettable Property pulvis.
Percentage described in above 1-9 refers both to mass percent.
The present invention comprises at least following beneficial effect：
The potato Se content that the present invention obtains is high, and the content of selenium is about 138 micrograms in every 1000g potatos；
Make to be non-solanaceous crops before present invention selection selection, soil layer is deep, good permeability, the convenient light loam of irrigation and drainage and chiltern Loam rice terrace or nonirrigated farmland, hillside fields plantation, carry out ridge and plant, on the one hand this soil is adapted to the growth of potato, is on the other hand Be advantageous to absorption of the potato to inorganic selenium and Organic Selenium.
In order that potato fully absorbs selenium element in planting process, the present invention has made different fertilizer or the battalion of selenium Nutrient solution, absorbed for supplement of the potato in each stage, make organic selenium fertilizer, cellulose-degrading bacteria is by bean dregs, excrement（Pig manure 3： Cow dung 2：Sheep manure 1）Organic matter is degraded to, while selenium ore is adsorbed by organic matter by biodegradation, passes through separated hair afterwards Ferment, prevent from interfering with each other, while during addition peanut meal is yeast-leavened, adds Se-enriched yeast, enable organic selenium fertilizer more Efficiently, it is safe to be absorbed by potato, tunning at 25 DEG C, the tunning at 38 DEG C, the tunning at 45 DEG C and Tunning at 50 DEG C is 1 in mass ratio:2:2:1 organic selenium fertilizer being mixed to get is easiest to be absorbed by potato.
Further advantage, target and the feature of the present invention embodies part by following explanation, and part will also be by this The research and practice of invention and be understood by the person skilled in the art.
The phase is formed in potato tubers and the quick expanding stage of stem tuber, respectively described potato leaf surface spray selenium-rich nutritive Liquid.Apply twice and be separated by 15-20 days, every mu of potato applies Selenium-rich nutrient solution.45kg/ times, it may advantageously facilitate potato pair The absorption of Organic Selenium solution, convert and be quickly transferred to potato tubers.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, to make those skilled in the art with reference to specification Word can be implemented according to this.
Embodiment 1：
The implantation methods of this selenium-rich potato, including：
The plantation of potato：It is non-solanaceous crops to make before selection, and soil layer is deep, good permeability, the convenient light loam water of irrigation and drainage Rice field（The content of organic matter is 16.4g/kg, pH value 5.1, soil Se content 0.45mg/kg）Plantation, carry out ridge and plant, be made into every ridge Bag ditch 1.0-1.1 rice, ridge face width 70cm, the high 30cm in ridge, ditch bottom width 20-25cm, ridge face and bottom of trench are flat, straight, soil block is in small, broken bits.Sowing The sufficient water of preceding leaching uses sufficient fertilizer, 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of mu during sowing（N-P2O5-KO2=15%-15%-15%）100kg, commodity life Thing type organic fertilizer（Living bacteria count >=300,000,000/gram, organic matter >=45%）150kg bars are imposed in furrow face ditch, are sowed after earthing.Single ridge Duplicate rows is planted, and seeding row spacing is 20 × 30cm, and potato kind puts kind in furrow face limes marginis isosceles triangle, and depth of planting is in 5-7cm.Go out in potato After seedling 35-40 days（Tuber initiation stage）Foliage-spray Selenium-rich nutrient solution, mu sprayed respectively with 55-60 days (the quick expanding stage of stem tuber) Measure as 45kg/ times.The Se content of potato in this example is high, can fully meet the needs of people are to selenium, and this method Middle potato is high to the absorptivity of selenium.
The preparation method of the Selenium-rich nutrient solution is：Weigh potassium selenate 2-10%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 12-16%, liquid boron 10- 15%, amino acid liquid fertilizer 25-30%, sucrose 25-30%, it is well mixed, according to mixture and the mass ratio 1 of water：3-5 carries out molten Solution, and it is 4.5-5.0 to adjust ph, divides kind through high pressure steam sterilization 30, after cooling, inoculation yeast strain, barms, is effectively lived Bacterium, higher than 200,000,000/gram, fermented 15-20 days at 22-30 DEG C, produce the Selenium-rich nutrient solution.
In the present embodiment, according to potato each breeding time to water shortage sensitivity, progress is necessary to pour water, and keeps soil Moistening, cuts off the water supply, drains water for 7-10 days before harvesting.
In the present embodiment, black mulch film is covered after potato sowing earthing, expanding potato underground stem tuber will not Expose soil layer and influence normal growth.
In the present embodiment, 3% phoxim granule is applied respectively after potato planting emergence in 20 days（Lianyungang of Jiangsu is stood This pesticide chemical Co., Ltd）, 10% give a tongue-lashing worm quinoline wettable powder（Zhejiang Hai Zheng chemical industry joint stock company limited）, prevent and treat respectively small Cutworm, aphid, potato set tuber initiation stage to potato spray 72% metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder in 20 days before harvesting （Zhejiang Heben Science ＆ Technology Co., Ltd.）, 72% cymoxanil mancozeb wettable powder（The limited public affairs of " Ke Lu " Shanghai Du Pont's agrochemical Department）, 70% Wettable propineb powder（Bayer Bitterfeld GmbH）With 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder（The limited public affairs of Zhejiang grass science and technology Department）, the pest and disease damages such as early blight, late blight and balck shank are prevented and treated respectively.
Embodiment 2：
The implantation methods of this selenium-rich potato, including：
The plantation of potato：It is non-solanaceous crops to make before selection, and soil layer is deep, good permeability, the convenient sand loam of irrigation and drainage（Have Machine matter content is 21.9g/kg, pH value 5.2, soil Se content 0.86mg/kg）Nonirrigated farmland is planted, and is carried out ridge and is planted, is made into every ridge Bao Gou 1.0-1.1 rice, ridge face width 70cm, the high 30cm in ridge, ditch bottom width 20-25cm, ridge face and bottom of trench are flat, straight, soil block is in small, broken bits.Drenched before sowing Sufficient water uses sufficient fertilizer, 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of mu during sowing（N-P2O5-KO2=15%-15%-15%）100kg bars impose on furrow face In ditch, sowed after earthing.Single ridge duplicate rows plantation, seeding row spacing are 20 × 30cm, and potato kind puts kind, sowing in furrow face limes marginis isosceles triangle Depth is in 5-7cm.Phase and the quick expanding stage of stem tuber are formed in potato tubers, respectively potato applies organic selenium fertilizer, twice Application is separated by 15-20 days, and every mu of potato applies organic selenium fertilizer 75kg/ times.The Se content of potato in this example is high, can Fully meets the needs of people are to selenium.
Organic selenium fertilizer preparation method is described in the application of potato fertilizer in this example：
Step 1: by the bean dregs of 100 parts by weight, the excrement of 20 parts by weight（Pig manure 3：Cow dung 2：Sheep manure 1）, 6 parts by weight selenium ore deposit The cellulose-degrading bacteria of stone, the bioprotein of 5 parts by weight and 0.1 parts by weight is well mixed, and adds water to soak, and is fermented at 35 DEG C 18 days, obtain the first tunning；
Step 2: the first tunning is filtered, the first filter residue and the first filtrate are obtained, first filtrate is refrigerated, by first It is 5mm that filter residue, which is crushed to particle diameter, is divided into four parts and is separately added into four installation for fermentings, and peanut meal yeast is added in every part Fermented, the temperature of four installation for fermentings is controlled as 25 DEG C, 38 DEG C, 45 DEG C and 50 DEG C, after fermenting 3 days, described in taking-up First filtrate, it is averaged and is divided into 10 parts, 1 part of first filtrate is added into 25 DEG C of installation for fermentings, to 38 DEG C of installation for fermenting 2 part of first filtrate of middle addition, 3 part of first filtrate is added into 45 DEG C of installation for fermentings, 4 are added into 50 DEG C of installation for fermentings The first filtrate of part, continues fermentation 20 days, then takes out, by the tunning at the tunning at 25 DEG C, 38 DEG C, 45 DEG C Tunning and 50 DEG C at tunning in mass ratio be 1:2:2:1 mixing, produces the organic selenium fertilizer；Wherein, adding Enter in peanut meal Yeast fermentation process, stir once, and 0.5 weight was added into each installation for fermenting every four days within every two days The Se-enriched yeast of part.
In the present embodiment, the application of the potato fertilizer also includes：At after planting 20 days（Qi Miao）Begin to after broadcasting 50 My god（Tuber expansion period）, growth promoting fertilizer of once keeping a full stand of seedings, every mu of application 30kg growth promoting fertilizer of keeping a full stand of seedings were applied every 15 days.
Wherein, the growth promoting fertilizer of keeping a full stand of seedings is by following raw material, 45% nitrate-based compound fertilizer（N-P2O5-KO2=25%-5%-15%） （Sichuan Guoguang Agrochemical Co., Ltd.）, middle Hong Kongnization fertilizer（Shandong）The high nitrogen potassium type punching fertilising of Co., Ltd（N:20-P2O5:10- KO2:30）In mass ratio 5:1 mixture mu is watered 150kg leaching and applied.
In the present embodiment, according to potato each breeding time to water shortage sensitivity, progress is necessary to pour water, and keeps soil Moistening, cuts off the water supply, drains water for 7-10 days before harvesting.
In the present embodiment, after potato sowing 30 days neat seedlings to potato height of seedling 20cm when earthed up, make Ma Ling Potato underground stem tuber, which expands, will not expose soil layer and influence normal growth.
In the present embodiment, 3% phoxim granule is applied respectively after potato planting emergence in 20 days（Lianyungang of Jiangsu is stood This pesticide chemical Co., Ltd）, 10% give a tongue-lashing worm quinoline wettable powder（Zhejiang Hai Zheng chemical industry joint stock company limited）, prevent and treat respectively small Cutworm, aphid, potato set tuber initiation stage to potato spray 72% metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder in 20 days before harvesting （Zhejiang Heben Science ＆ Technology Co., Ltd.）, 72% cymoxanil mancozeb wettable powder（The limited public affairs of " Ke Lu " Shanghai Du Pont's agrochemical Department）, 70% Wettable propineb powder（Bayer Bitterfeld GmbH）With 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder（The limited public affairs of Zhejiang grass science and technology Department）, the pest and disease damages such as early blight, late blight and balck shank are prevented and treated respectively.
Embodiment 3：
The implantation methods of this selenium-rich potato, including：
The plantation of potato：It is non-solanaceous crops to make before selection, and soil layer is deep, good permeability, the convenient light loam slope of irrigation and drainage Ground（The content of organic matter is 17.9g/kg, pH value 4.4, soil Se content 0.58mg/kg）Plantation, carry out ridge and plant, be made into every ridge bag Ditch 1.0-1.1 rice, ridge face width 70cm, the high 30cm in ridge, ditch bottom width 20-25cm, ridge face and bottom of trench are flat, straight, soil block is in small, broken bits.Before sowing Drench sufficient water and use sufficient fertilizer, 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of mu during sowing（N-P2O5-KO2=15%-15%-15%）100kg bars impose on furrow In the ditch of face, sowed after earthing.Single ridge duplicate rows plantation, seeding row spacing are 20 × 30cm, and potato kind is put kind in furrow face limes marginis isosceles triangle, broadcast Kind depth is in 5-7cm.35-40 days after potato emerges（Tuber initiation stage）With 55-60 days (the quick expanding stage of stem tuber) respectively Foliage-spray Selenium-rich nutrient solution, the mu amount of spraying are 45kg/ times.The preparation method of the Selenium-rich nutrient solution is：Weigh potassium selenate 2- 10%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 12-16%, liquid boron 10-15%, amino acid liquid fertilizer 25-30%, sucrose 25-30%, it is well mixed, according to mixed The mass ratio 1 of compound and water：3-5 is dissolved, and it is 4.5-5.0 to adjust ph, divides kind through high pressure steam sterilization 30, after cooling, Inoculation yeast strain, barms, effective viable bacteria, higher than 200,000,000/gram, fermented 15-20 days at 22-30 DEG C, produce the richness Selenium nutrient solution.
Potato fertilizer applies, and forms the phase in potato tubers and the quick expanding stage of stem tuber, respectively described potato are applied Add organic selenium fertilizer, apply be separated by 15-20 days twice, every mu of potato applies organic selenium fertilizer 75kg/ times.
Organic selenium fertilizer preparation method is described in the application of potato fertilizer in example：
Step 1: by the bean dregs of 100 parts by weight, the excrement of 25 parts by weight（Pig manure 3：Cow dung 2：Sheep manure 1）, 8 parts by weight selenium ore deposit The cellulose-degrading bacteria of stone, the bioprotein of 8 parts by weight and 0.1 parts by weight is well mixed, and adds water to soak, and is issued at 45 DEG C Ferment 18 days, obtains the first tunning；
Step 2: the first tunning is filtered, the first filter residue and the first filtrate are obtained, first filtrate is refrigerated, by first It is 8mm that filter residue, which is crushed to particle diameter, is divided into four parts and is separately added into four installation for fermentings, and peanut meal yeast is added in every part Fermented, the temperature of four installation for fermentings is controlled as 25 DEG C, 38 DEG C, 45 DEG C and 50 DEG C, after fermenting 5 days, described in taking-up First filtrate, it is averaged and is divided into 10 parts, 1 part of first filtrate is added into 25 DEG C of installation for fermentings, to 38 DEG C of installation for fermenting 2 part of first filtrate of middle addition, 3 part of first filtrate is added into 45 DEG C of installation for fermentings, 4 are added into 50 DEG C of installation for fermentings The first filtrate of part, continues fermentation 25 days, then takes out, by the tunning at the tunning at 25 DEG C, 38 DEG C, 45 DEG C Tunning and 50 DEG C at tunning in mass ratio be 1:2:2:1 mixing, produces the organic selenium fertilizer；Wherein, adding Enter in peanut meal Yeast fermentation process, stir once, and 0.6 weight was added into each installation for fermenting every four days within every two days The Se-enriched yeast of part.
In the present embodiment, according to potato each breeding time to water shortage sensitivity, progress is necessary to pour water, and keeps soil Moistening, cuts off the water supply, drains water for 7-10 days before harvesting.
In the present embodiment, in the present embodiment, after potato sowing 30 days neat seedlings to potato height of seedling 20cm when enter Row ridging, soil layer will not be exposed and influence normal growth by expanding potato underground stem tuber.
In the present embodiment, 3% phoxim granule is applied respectively after potato planting emergence in 20 days（Lianyungang of Jiangsu is stood This pesticide chemical Co., Ltd）, 10% give a tongue-lashing worm quinoline wettable powder（Zhejiang Hai Zheng chemical industry joint stock company limited）, prevent and treat respectively small Cutworm, aphid, potato set tuber initiation stage to potato spray 72% metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder in 20 days before harvesting （Zhejiang Heben Science ＆ Technology Co., Ltd.）, 72% cymoxanil mancozeb wettable powder（The limited public affairs of " Ke Lu " Shanghai Du Pont's agrochemical Department）, 70% Wettable propineb powder（Bayer Bitterfeld GmbH）With 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder（The limited public affairs of Zhejiang grass science and technology Department）, the pest and disease damages such as early blight, late blight and balck shank are prevented and treated respectively.
In order to illustrate the effect of the present invention, it is as follows that inventor provides comparative experiments：
<Comparative example 1>
In example 1 with a piece of rice terrace, when planting potato, above-mentioned Selenium-rich nutrient solution is not sprayed to potato, remaining parameter and Process is identical with embodiment 1.
<Comparative example 2>
When example 3 plants potato with a piece of hillside fields, in potato fertilization, do not apply organic selenium fertilizer described in example 3, its Remaining parameter and process are identical with embodiment 3.
In same piece of land, each example and each comparative example are implemented on congener potato, every kind of methods experiment 0.2 mu of potato, as a result as shown in table 1：
The different disposal of table 1 influences for potato Se content
Experiment Se content（Microgram/1000 gram）
Example 1 120
Example 2 93.5
Example 3 199
Comparative example 1 8.15
Comparative example 2 19.5
As shown in Table 1, using Selenium-rich nutrient solution+application organic selenium fertilizer is sprayed, the content of selenium in potato, nonirrigated farmland can be greatly improved Slope applies the absorption of organic selenium fertilizer, more conducively potato.But potato sprays Selenium-rich nutrient solution and has reached production selenium-rich horse The target of bell potato, and selenium sorption enhanced relative efficiency is higher.
Embodiment 4：
The implantation methods of this selenium-rich potato, including：
1. the plantation of potato：
It is non-solanaceous crops to make before selection, and soil layer is deep, good permeability, the convenient light loam of irrigation and drainage and sand loam rice terrace Or nonirrigated farmland, hillside fields plantation；
Carry out ridge to plant, ridge face and bottom of trench are flat, straight, soil block is in small, broken bits；
The sufficient water of leaching uses sufficient fertilizer before sowing, 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of mu during sowing（N-P2O5-KO2=15%-15%-15%） 100kg, commercial type organic fertilizer（Living bacteria count >=300,000,000/gram, organic matter >=45%）150kg bars are imposed in furrow face ditch, are covered Sowed after soil；
Single ridge duplicate rows plantation, potato kind put kind in furrow face limes marginis isosceles triangle；
35 days, i.e. tuber initiation stage and 55 days, the i.e. quick expanding stage of stem tuber after potato emerges, respectively foliage-spray selenium-rich battalion Nutrient solution；
The preparation method of the Selenium-rich nutrient solution is:Weigh potassium selenate 2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 12%, liquid boron 10%, amino acid liquid Fertilizer 25%, sucrose 25%, it is well mixed, according to mixture and the mass ratio 1 of water：3 are dissolved, and it is 4.5 to adjust ph, through high pressure Steam sterilizing 30 divides kind, after cooling, inoculation yeast strain, and effective viable bacteria of barms, higher than 200,000,000/gram, fermented at 22 DEG C 15 days, produce the Selenium-rich nutrient solution；
2. the application of potato fertilizer：The application of organic selenium fertilizer, phase and the quick expanding stage of stem tuber are formed in potato tubers, respectively Apply organic selenium fertilizer for the potato, apply be separated by 15 days twice, every mu of potato applies organic selenium fertilizer 75kg/ times.
The preparation method of the organic selenium fertilizer is：
Step 1: by the beans of 100 parts by weight are clear, the excrement of 20 parts by weight（Pig manure 3：Cow dung 2：Sheep manure 1）, 6 parts by weight selenium ore deposit The cellulose-degrading bacteria of stone, the bioprotein of 5 parts by weight and 0.1 parts by weight is well mixed, and adds water to soak, at 35 DEG C DEG C Fermentation 18 days, obtains the first tunning；
Step 2: the first tunning is filtered, the first filter residue and the first filtrate are obtained, first filtrate is refrigerated, by first It is 5mm that filter residue, which is crushed to particle diameter, is divided into four parts and is separately added into four installation for fermentings, and peanut meal yeast is added in every part and is entered Row fermentation, the temperature of four installation for fermentings are controlled as 25 DEG C, 38 DEG C, 45 DEG C and 50 DEG C, after fermentation 3 days, take out described the One filtrate, it is averaged and is divided into 10 parts, 1 part of first filtrate is added into 25 DEG C of installation for fermentings, into 38 DEG C of installation for fermentings 2 part of first filtrate is added, 3 part of first filtrate is added into 45 DEG C of installation for fermentings, 4 parts are added into 50 DEG C of installation for fermentings First filtrate, continue fermentation 20 days, then take out, by the hair at the tunning at the tunning at 25 DEG C, 38 DEG C, 45 DEG C Tunning at ferment product and 50 DEG C is 1 in mass ratio:2:2:1 mixing, produces the organic selenium fertilizer;Wherein, flower is being added In raw dregs of rice Yeast fermentation process, stir once, and 0.5 parts by weight were added into each installation for fermenting every four days within every two days Se-enriched yeast.
When the ridge plants 1.0 meters, ridge face width 70cm, the high 30cm in ridge, ditch bottom width 20cm of bag ditch is made into per ridge.
Single ridge duplicate rows plantation, seeding row spacing is 20 × 30cm, and depth of planting is in 5cm.
The application of the potato fertilizer also includes：Base manure and the application of top dressing, base manure apply before potato sowing, Mu applies 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer（N-P2O5-KO2=15%-15%-15%）100kg, commercial type organic fertilizer（Effective viable bacteria Number >=3 hundred million/gram, organic matter >=45%）150kg；I.e. neat seedling beginning 50 days i.e. tuber expansion period to after broadcasting at after planting 20 days, every Apply within 15 days growth promoting fertilizer of once keeping a full stand of seedings, every mu of application 30kg growth promoting fertilizer of keeping a full stand of seedings.
The growth promoting fertilizer of keeping a full stand of seedings is by the following nitrate-based compound fertilizer of raw material 45%（N-P2O5-KO2=25%-5%-15%）, high nitrogen potassium Type punching fertilising（N:20-P2O5:10-KO2:30）In mass ratio 5:1 mixture mu is watered 150kg.
According to potato each breeding time to water shortage sensitivity, progress is necessary to pour water, and keeps ground moistening, harvests the day before yesterday Cut off the water supply, drain water.
30 days neat seedlings are covered after black mulch film or potato sowing after potato sowing earthing to potato height of seedling To be earthed up during 20cm, soil layer will not be exposed and influence normal growth by expanding potato underground stem tuber.
Before being harvested after potato planting emergence in 20 days to potato black cutworm, aphid, early blight, evening are prevented and treated respectively within 20 days The pest and disease damage such as epidemic disease and balck shank, 3% phoxim granule is applied respectively, 10% gives a tongue-lashing worm quinoline wettable powder, 72% metalaxyl manganese Zinc wettable powder, 72% cymoxanil mancozeb wettable powder, 70% Wettable propineb powder, 77% Kocide SD are wettable Property pulvis.
Above-described percentage refers both to mass percent.
Embodiment 5：
The implantation methods of this selenium-rich potato, including：
1. the plantation of potato：
It is non-solanaceous crops to make before selection, and soil layer is deep, good permeability, the convenient light loam of irrigation and drainage and sand loam rice terrace Or nonirrigated farmland, hillside fields plantation；
Carry out ridge to plant, ridge face and bottom of trench are flat, straight, soil block is in small, broken bits；
The sufficient water of leaching uses sufficient fertilizer before sowing, 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of mu during sowing（N-P2O5-KO2=15%-15%-15%） 100kg, commercial type organic fertilizer（Living bacteria count >=300,000,000/gram, organic matter >=45%）150kg bars are imposed in furrow face ditch, are covered Sowed after soil；
Single ridge duplicate rows plantation, potato kind put kind in furrow face limes marginis isosceles triangle；
40 days, i.e. tuber initiation stage and 60 days, the i.e. quick expanding stage of stem tuber after potato emerges, respectively foliage-spray selenium-rich battalion Nutrient solution；
The preparation method of the Selenium-rich nutrient solution is:Weigh potassium selenate 10%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 16%, liquid boron 15%, amino acid liquid Fertilizer 30%, sucrose 30%, it is well mixed, according to mixture and the mass ratio 1 of water：5 are dissolved, and it is 5.0 to adjust ph, through high pressure Steam sterilizing 30 divides kind, after cooling, inoculation yeast strain, and effective viable bacteria of barms, higher than 200,000,000/gram, issued at 30 DEG C Ferment 20 days, produces the Selenium-rich nutrient solution；
2. the application of potato fertilizer：The application of organic selenium fertilizer, phase and the quick expanding stage of stem tuber are formed in potato tubers, respectively Apply organic selenium fertilizer for the potato, apply be separated by 20 days twice, every mu of potato applies organic selenium fertilizer 75kg/ times.
The preparation method of the organic selenium fertilizer is：
Step 1: by the beans of 100 parts by weight are clear, the excrement of 25 parts by weight（Pig manure 3：Cow dung 2：Sheep manure 1）, 8 parts by weight selenium ore deposit The cellulose-degrading bacteria of stone, the bioprotein of 8 parts by weight and 0.1 parts by weight is well mixed, and adds water to soak, and is fermented at 45 DEG C 18 days, obtain the first tunning；
Step 2: the first tunning is filtered, the first filter residue and the first filtrate are obtained, first filtrate is refrigerated, by first It is 8mm that filter residue, which is crushed to particle diameter, is divided into four parts and is separately added into four installation for fermentings, and peanut meal yeast is added in every part and is entered Row fermentation, the temperature of four installation for fermentings is controlled as 25 DEG C, 38 DEG C, 45 DEG C and 50 DEG C, after fermenting 3-5 days, described in taking-up First filtrate, it is averaged and is divided into 10 parts, 1 part of first filtrate is added into 25 DEG C of installation for fermentings, to 38 DEG C of installation for fermenting 2 part of first filtrate of middle addition, 3 part of first filtrate is added into 45 DEG C of installation for fermentings, 4 are added into 50 DEG C of installation for fermentings The first filtrate of part, continues fermentation 25 days, then takes out, by the tunning at the tunning at 25 DEG C, 38 DEG C, 45 DEG C Tunning at tunning and 50 DEG C is 1 in mass ratio:2:2:1 mixing, produces the organic selenium fertilizer;Wherein, adding In peanut meal Yeast fermentation process, stir once, and 0.6 parts by weight were added into each installation for fermenting every four days within every two days Se-enriched yeast.
When the ridge plants 1.1 meters, ridge face width 70cm, the high 30cm in ridge, ditch bottom width 25cm of bag ditch is made into per ridge.
Single ridge duplicate rows plantation, seeding row spacing is 20 × 30cm, and depth of planting is in 7cm.
The application of the potato fertilizer also includes：Base manure and the application of top dressing, base manure apply before potato sowing, Mu applies 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer（N-P2O5-KO2=15%-15%-15%）100kg, commercial type organic fertilizer（Effective viable bacteria Number >=3 hundred million/gram, organic matter >=45%）150kg；I.e. neat seedling beginning 50 days i.e. tuber expansion period to after broadcasting at after planting 20 days, every Apply within 15 days growth promoting fertilizer of once keeping a full stand of seedings, every mu of application 30kg growth promoting fertilizer of keeping a full stand of seedings.
The growth promoting fertilizer of keeping a full stand of seedings is by the following nitrate-based compound fertilizer of raw material 45%（N-P2O5-KO2=25%-5%-15%）, high nitrogen potassium Type punching fertilising（N:20-P2O5:10-KO2:30）In mass ratio 5:1 mixture mu is watered 150kg.
According to potato each breeding time to water shortage sensitivity, progress is necessary to pour water, and ground moistening is kept, 10 before harvesting It is cut off the water supply, drains water.
30 days neat seedlings are covered after black mulch film or potato sowing after potato sowing earthing to potato height of seedling To be earthed up during 20cm, soil layer will not be exposed and influence normal growth by expanding potato underground stem tuber.
Before being harvested after potato planting emergence in 20 days to potato black cutworm, aphid, early blight, evening are prevented and treated respectively within 20 days The pest and disease damage such as epidemic disease and balck shank, 3% phoxim granule is applied respectively, 10% gives a tongue-lashing worm quinoline wettable powder, 72% metalaxyl manganese Zinc wettable powder, 72% cymoxanil mancozeb wettable powder, 70% Wettable propineb powder, 77% Kocide SD are wettable Property pulvis.
Above-described percentage refers both to mass percent.
Although embodiment of the present invention is disclosed as above, it is not restricted in specification and embodiment listed With it can be applied to various suitable the field of the invention completely, can be easily for those skilled in the art Other modification is realized, therefore under the universal limited without departing substantially from claim and equivalency range, it is of the invention and unlimited In specific details and shown here as the embodiment with description.

Claims (9)

  1. A kind of 1. implantation methods of selenium-rich potato, it is characterised in that：Including：
    1. the plantation of potato：
    It is non-solanaceous crops to make before selection, and soil layer is deep, good permeability, the convenient light loam of irrigation and drainage and sand loam rice terrace Or nonirrigated farmland, hillside fields plantation；
    Carry out ridge to plant, ridge face and bottom of trench are flat, straight, soil block is in small, broken bits；
    The sufficient water of leaching uses sufficient fertilizer before sowing, 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer of mu during sowing（N-P2O5-KO2=15%-15%-15%） 100kg, commercial type organic fertilizer（Living bacteria count >=300,000,000/gram, organic matter >=45%）150kg bars are imposed in furrow face ditch, are covered Sowed after soil；
    Single ridge duplicate rows plantation, potato kind put kind in furrow face limes marginis isosceles triangle；
    35-40 days, i.e. tuber initiation stage and 55-60 days, the i.e. quick expanding stage of stem tuber after potato emerges, respectively foliage-spray Selenium-rich nutrient solution；
    The preparation method of the Selenium-rich nutrient solution is:Weigh potassium selenate 2-10%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 12-16%, liquid boron 10-15%, ammonia Base acid liquid fertilizer 25-30%, sucrose 25-30%, it is well mixed, according to mixture and the mass ratio 1 of water：3-5 is dissolved, and is adjusted Whole ph is 4.5-5.0, divides kind through high pressure steam sterilization 30, after cooling, inoculation yeast strain, and effective viable bacteria of barms, height In 200,000,000/gram, fermented 15-20 days at 22-30 DEG C, produce the Selenium-rich nutrient solution；
    2. the application of potato fertilizer：The application of organic selenium fertilizer, phase and the quick expanding stage of stem tuber are formed in potato tubers, respectively Apply organic selenium fertilizer for the potato, apply be separated by 15-20 days twice, every mu of potato applies organic selenium fertilizer 75kg/ times.
  2. 2. the implantation methods of selenium-rich potato according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The making side of the organic selenium fertilizer Method is：
    Step 1: by the beans of 100 parts by weight are clear, the excrement of 20-25 parts by weight（Pig manure 3：Cow dung 2：Sheep manure 1）, 6-8 parts by weight The cellulose-degrading bacteria of selenium ore, the bioprotein of 5-8 parts by weight and 0.1 parts by weight is well mixed, and adds water to soak, at 35 DEG C Fermented 18 days at -45 DEG C, obtain the first tunning；
    Step 2: the first tunning is filtered, the first filter residue and the first filtrate are obtained, first filtrate is refrigerated, by first It is 5-8mm that filter residue, which is crushed to particle diameter, is divided into four parts and is separately added into four installation for fermentings, and peanut meal yeast is added in every part Fermented, the temperature of four installation for fermentings is controlled as 25 DEG C, 38 DEG C, 45 DEG C and 50 DEG C, after fermenting 3-5 days, takes out institute The first filtrate is stated, is averaged and is divided into 10 parts, 1 part of first filtrate is added into 25 DEG C of installation for fermentings, is filled to 38 DEG C of fermentations 2 part of first filtrate of middle addition is put, 3 part of first filtrate is added into 45 DEG C of installation for fermentings, is added into 50 DEG C of installation for fermentings 4 part of first filtrate, continue fermentation 20-25 days, then take out, by the tunning at the tunning at 25 DEG C, 38 DEG C, 45 DEG C Under tunning and 50 DEG C at tunning in mass ratio be 1:2:2:1 mixing, produces the organic selenium fertilizer;Wherein, exist Add in peanut meal Yeast fermentation process, stir once, and 0.5- was added into each installation for fermenting every four days within every two days The Se-enriched yeast of 0.6 parts by weight.
  3. 3. the implantation methods of selenium-rich potato according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：When the ridge plants bag is made into per ridge Ditch 1.0-1.1 rice, ridge face width 70cm, the high 30cm in ridge, ditch bottom width 20-25cm.
  4. 4. the implantation methods of selenium-rich potato according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Single ridge duplicate rows plantation, strain Line-spacing is 20 × 30cm, and depth of planting is in 5-7cm.
  5. 5. the implantation methods of selenium-rich potato according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The application of the potato fertilizer Also include：Base manure and the application of top dressing, base manure apply before potato sowing, and mu applies 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer（N- P2O5-KO2=15%-15%-15%）100kg, commercial type organic fertilizer（Living bacteria count >=300,000,000/gram, organic matter >=45%） 150kg；At after planting 20 days, i.e. neat seedling beginning 50 days i.e. tuber expansion period to after broadcasting, growth promoting fertilizer of once keeping a full stand of seedings was applied every 15 days, Every mu of application 30kg growth promoting fertilizer of keeping a full stand of seedings.
  6. 6. the implantation methods of selenium-rich potato according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The growth promoting fertilizer of keeping a full stand of seedings is by following The nitrate-based compound fertilizer of raw material 45%（N-P2O5-KO2=25%-5%-15%）, the punching fertilising of high nitrogen potassium type（N:20-P2O5:10-KO2:30） In mass ratio 5:1 mixture mu is watered 150kg.
  7. 7. the implantation methods of selenium-rich potato according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：According to potato each breeding time pair Water shortage sensitivity, progress is necessary to pour water, and keeps ground moistening, cuts off the water supply, drains water within 7-10 days before harvesting.
  8. 8. the implantation methods of selenium-rich potato according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Will after potato sowing earthing Covering black mulch film or potato sowing after 30 days neat seedlings to potato height of seedling 20cm when to be earthed up, make potato underground block Stem, which expands, will not expose soil layer and influence normal growth.
  9. 9. the implantation methods of selenium-rich potato according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：After potato planting emergence in 20 days The pest and disease damages such as black cutworm, aphid, early blight, late blight and balck shank are prevented and treated respectively within 20 days before being harvested to potato, apply respectively Enter 3% phoxim granule, 10% give a tongue-lashing worm quinoline wettable powder, 72% metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder, 72% cymoxanil manganese Zinc wettable powder, 70% Wettable propineb powder, 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder.
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CN110810438A (en) * 2019-09-29 2020-02-21 西南大学 Phytophthora nicotianae nano copper oxide antibacterial agent and preparation method thereof
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CN112293186A (en) * 2020-11-06 2021-02-02 宁夏佳立马铃薯产业有限公司 Cultivation method of selenium-rich potatoes
CN113951071A (en) * 2021-09-18 2022-01-21 湖北省农业科学院农业经济技术研究所(湖北省农业科学院农业规划设计研究所) Technical method for producing organic selenium-rich potatoes

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Application publication date: 20171121