CN107349924B - BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料:将埃洛石、十二烷基苯磺酸钠与去离子水混合,搅拌改性得到改性埃洛石悬浊液A;将Bi(NO3)3·5H2O溶于稀硝酸溶液中,得到混合澄清溶液B并缓慢加入到所得改性埃洛石悬浊液A中,恒温水浴搅拌得到混合液D,然后将NH4VO3溶解于去离子水中,得到的混合澄清溶液C逐滴滴加到所述的混合液D中,恒温水浴搅拌得到混合液E,并用稀氨水调节pH至6~9,恒温水浴搅拌后,通过过滤固液分离、洗涤,将滤饼干燥并煅烧,得BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料。本发明制备方法操作简便、高效,得到的具有高催化活性的纳米管状BiVO4/埃洛石复合光催化材料可应用于制药废水、印染废水和电镀废水等工业废水的净化。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料及其制备方法,属于复合型非金属矿物材料制备与应用技术领域。
(二)背景技术
目前,人类面临严峻的环境和能源挑战,因此发展绿色低碳的环境治理技术具有重要性和紧迫性。光催化是近年发展起来的较为瞩目的一种绿色低碳环保技术,它具有反应条件温和、成本低廉、能充分利用光能和不产生二次污染的显著优势。光催化被广大研究者认为是解决环境污染问题的有效方法之一。
自Fujishima和Honda发现TiO2电极光分解水以来,以其为代表的半导体多相光催化技术以其高效、绿色、环保、可行的优势进入了人们的研究视野。在绿色低碳治理环境污染方面拥有巨大潜力。但在实际使用时发现纳米TiO2颗粒细小,在反应中容易结团聚合,在反应后较难沉降无法回收再用,近年来,借助其他材料对TiO2进行负载或组装,这已成为纳米TiO2应用技术研究的热点。
各种载体材料的相关研究中,使用非金属矿物作载体负载TiO2是近 10年来最为活跃的研究领域,由于这种矿物材料具有天然独特的形貌、孔隙结构、质轻、化学性质稳定的优点,并且来源广泛、种类较多、价格低廉。埃洛石(HNTs)是一种具有纳米管状结构的天然矿物,此外埃洛石具有大的比表面积与较多的表面活性分子,使其具有较强的吸附性能与较高的装载能力。而且埃洛石在一定程度上抵制酸碱环境的侵蚀,这些结构和组成优点都决定了埃洛石更加适合作为载体材料。对埃洛石用作光催化剂载体材料的文献已有相关报道,主要是用作载体复合传统光催化材料TiO2,见以下参考文献:
①余芳,陈元涛,张炜等.TiO2-HNTs催化剂协同介质阻挡放电等离子体降解亚甲基蓝废水[J].化工进展,2016,35(12).②Rijing Wang,Guohua Jiang,Yuanwei Ding etal.Photocatalytic Activity of Heterostructures Based on TiO2and HalloysiteNanotubes[J].ACS applied materials&interfaces, 2011,3(10):4154-4158.文献中TiO2-HNTs复合材料对模拟有机污染物表现出良好的去除效果。然而,TiO2具有较高的禁带宽度,锐钛矿型 TiO2的禁带宽度为3.2eV,只能吸收波长小于390nm的紫外光,而紫外光在太阳光中所占比例很小(小于5%),导致不能充分利用太阳光进行光催化降解污染物。近年来,具有可见光响应活性的半导体光催化材料吸引着广大科研工作者的目光,并将科研方向转移到可见光响应的光催化材料,其具有较窄的禁带宽度,能容易吸收可见光。
目前对在埃洛石表面复合具有可见光活性的催化材料研究,见以下参考文献:
③中国发明专利名称为“一种埃洛石负载磷酸银光催化剂的制备”,申请号为:CN201410156228.X,该专利公开了一种埃洛石负载磷酸银光催化剂的制备方法,该方法是以埃洛石、硝酸银和磷酸二氢钠作原料,首先在真空条件下,将埃洛石和硝酸银的乙醇溶液混合,经烘干后搅拌条件下添加磷酸二氢钠的水溶液,然后固液分离、洗涤、干燥后,得到一种埃洛石负载磷酸银光催化剂;
④中国发明专利名称为“一种硫化镉负载型复合光催化剂的制备方法”,申请号为:CN201310354786.2,该专利公开了一种采用埃洛石、氯化镉和硫脲为原料,通过水热法制备了具有可见光响应的CdS/埃洛石复合光催化剂。
这两个专利③、④分别采用磷酸银和硫化镉与埃洛石复合,由于磷酸银涉及贵金属银,价格高而不利于实际应用;在水中CdS晶格中的 S2-易被光生空穴氧化为S(CdS+2h+→Cd2++S),而使催化剂失活并对环境造成污染。所以专利③、④都没有涉及新型光催化材料BiVO4与埃洛石的复合制备,以BiVO4为代表铋系可见光催化材料,其禁带宽度Eg为2.40eV,具有可见光下降解有机污染物,更加具有良好的应用潜力。然而经检索文献发现,鲜有采用新型光催化材料BiVO4与埃洛石复合后制备复合光催化材料的报道。因此开发制备BiVO4/埃洛石复合光催化材料具有经济和环保价值。
(三)发明内容
针对目前埃洛石基光催化材料可见光活性弱、制备成本高和易分解、污染环境的缺点,本发明提供了一种BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料及其制备方法,以解决现有埃洛石基光催化材料可见光活性弱、制备成本高和易分解、污染环境的不足。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料的制备方法,所述的方法具体按如下步骤进行:
(1)将埃洛石、十二烷基苯磺酸钠与去离子水混合,在70~90℃下搅拌改性20~60min,得到改性埃洛石悬浊液A;所述的埃洛石与十二烷基苯磺酸钠、去离子水的质量比为1:0.01~0.04:1~4;
(2)将Bi(NO3)3·5H2O溶解于浓度为3~10wt%的稀硝酸溶液中,得到混合澄清溶液B;所述的Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和稀硝酸溶液的质量比为 1:2~6;
(3)将NH4VO3溶解于去离子水中,得到混合澄清溶液C;所述的NH4VO3和去离子水的质量比为1:6~15;
(4)将步骤(2)所得混合澄清溶液B缓慢加入到步骤(1)所得改性埃洛石悬浊液A中,恒温80℃水浴搅拌10~30min得到混合液D,随后将步骤(3)所得混合澄清溶液C逐滴滴加到所述的混合液D中,恒温80℃水浴搅拌10~60min得到混合液E;所述的改性埃洛石悬浊液 A以所投入的埃洛石的质量计与Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、NH4VO3的质量比为 1:0.2~0.6:0.05~0.15;
(5)用浓度为5~15wt%的稀氨水调节步骤(4)所得混合液E的 pH至6~9,恒温80℃水浴搅拌10~60min后,通过过滤固液分离后、经去离子水洗涤后,将滤饼置于80~120℃下干燥8~12h,干燥后得到 BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料前驱体;
(6)将步骤(5)所得BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料前驱体置于300~700℃下煅烧2~4h,即得所述的BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料。
进一步,步骤(1)中,优选所述搅拌改性的时间为30~40min。
进一步,步骤(1)中,优选所述的埃洛石与十二烷基苯磺酸钠、水的质量比为1:0.02~0.03:2~3。
进一步,步骤(2)中,优选所述的Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和稀硝酸溶液的质量比为1:3~5。
进一步,步骤(3)中,优选所述的NH4VO3和去离子水的质量比为1:8~12。
进一步,步骤(4)中,优选所述的制备改性埃洛石悬浊液A以所投入的埃洛石的质量计与Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、NH4VO3质量比为1:0.3~0.5: 0.07~0.12。
进一步,步骤(5)中,优选所述用5~15%的稀氨水调节混合液E 的pH至6~7。
进一步,步骤(5)中,优选干燥温度为100~120℃,干燥时间为 10~12h。
再进一步,步骤(6)中,优选所述BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料前驱体的煅烧温度为300~500℃。
更进一步,较为具体的,推荐本发明所述的方法按如下步骤进行:
(1)将埃洛石、十二烷基苯磺酸钠与去离子水混合,在70~90℃下搅拌改性30~40min,得到改性埃洛石悬浊液A;所述的埃洛石与十二烷基苯磺酸钠、去离子水的质量比为1:0.02~0.03:2~3;
(2)将Bi(NO3)3·5H2O溶解于浓度为3~10wt%的稀硝酸溶液中,得到混合澄清溶液B;所述的Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和稀硝酸溶液的质量比为 1:3~5;
(3)将NH4VO3溶解于去离子水中,得到混合澄清溶液C;所述的NH4VO3和去离子水的质量比为1:8~12;
(4)将步骤(2)所得混合澄清溶液B缓慢加入到步骤(1)所得改性埃洛石悬浊液A中,恒温80℃水浴搅拌10~30min得到混合液D,随后将步骤(3)所得混合澄清溶液C逐滴滴加到所述的混合液D中,恒温80℃水浴搅拌10~60min得到混合液E;所述改性埃洛石悬浊液A 以所投入的埃洛石的质量计与Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、NH4VO3的质量比为1: 0.3~0.5:0.07~0.12;
(5)用浓度为5~15wt%的稀氨水调节步骤(4)所得混合液E的pH至6~7,恒温80℃水浴搅拌10~60min后,通过过滤固液分离后、经去离子水洗涤后,将滤饼置于100~120℃下干燥10~12h,干燥后得到BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料前驱体;
(6)将步骤(5)所得BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料前驱体置于300~500℃下煅烧2~4h,即得所述的BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明所述制备方法采用的水解沉淀和控温煅烧法,工艺具有操作简便、高效和易于实现产业化的优点,且采用埃洛石作BiVO4载体制备复合材料,可增加复合材料的吸附性能和沉降回收性。本发明制备的具有高催化活性和强吸附性的BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料可替代P25(TiO2)、ZnO等传统光催化剂,应用于有机废水、印染废水、乳化废水和重金属废水的净化。
(四)附图说明
图1为本发明实施例4制备的具有高催化活性和强吸附性的 BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料的SEM图。
(五)具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此。
实施例1:
(1)分别称取10g埃洛石和0.1g十二烷基苯磺酸钠,加入到10ml 去离子水中搅拌混合,置于70℃水浴中搅拌改性30min,得到改性埃洛石悬浊液A;
(2)称取5g Bi(NO3)3·5H2O溶解于10g浓度为3wt%的稀硝酸溶液中,得到混合澄清溶液B;
(3)称取1.2g NH4VO3溶解于8ml去离子水溶液中,得到混合澄清溶液C;
(4)将步骤(2)所得含Bi(NO3)3·5H2O的溶液B缓慢加入到改性埃洛石悬浊液A中,恒温80℃水浴搅拌10min得到混合液D,随后将步骤(3)所得NH4VO3的溶液C逐滴滴加到混合液D中,恒温80℃水浴搅拌20min得到混合液E;
(5)用15wt%的稀氨水调节混合液E的pH至6,恒温80℃水浴搅拌10min后,通过过滤固液分离后、经去离子水洗涤后,置于80℃下干燥8h,得干燥后得到BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料前驱体;
(6)将步骤(5)所得BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料前驱体置于300℃下煅烧3h,即得所述的BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料。
实施例2:
(1)分别称取4g埃洛石和0.16g十二烷基苯磺酸钠,加入到16ml 去离子水中搅拌混合,置于90℃水浴中搅拌改性60min,得到改性埃洛石悬浊液A;
(2)称取2.4gBi(NO3)3·5H2O溶解于14g浓度为10wt%的稀硝酸溶液中,得到混合澄清溶液B;
(3)称取0.6gNH4VO3溶解于3.6ml去离子水溶液中,得到混合澄清溶液C;
(4)将步骤(2)所得含Bi(NO3)3·5H2O的溶液B缓慢加入到改性埃洛石悬浊液A中,恒温80℃水浴搅拌30min得到混合液D,随后将步骤(3)所得NH4VO3的溶液C逐滴滴加到混合液D中,恒温80℃水浴搅拌30min得到混合液E;
(5)用10wt%的稀氨水调节混合液E的pH至8,恒温80℃水浴搅拌30min后,通过过滤固液分离后、经去离子水洗涤后,置于120℃下干燥10h,得干燥后得到BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料前驱体;
(6)将步骤(5)所得BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料前驱体置于500℃下煅烧2h,即得所述的BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料。
实施例3:
(1)分别称取8g埃洛石和0.24g十二烷基苯磺酸钠,加入到24ml 去离子水中搅拌混合,置于80℃水浴中搅拌改性20min,得到改性埃洛石悬浊液A;
(2)称取1.6gBi(NO3)3·5H2O溶解于5g浓度为8wt%的稀硝酸溶液中,得到混合澄清溶液B;
(3)称取0.39gNH4VO3溶解于5.8ml去离子水溶液中,得到混合澄清溶液C;
(4)将步骤(2)所得含Bi(NO3)3·5H2O的溶液B缓慢加入到改性埃洛石悬浊液A中,恒温80℃水浴搅拌20min得到混合液D,随后将步骤(3)所得NH4VO3的溶液C逐滴滴加到混合液D中,恒温80℃水浴搅拌20min得到混合液E,
(5)用5wt%的稀氨水调节混合液E的pH至9,恒温80℃水浴搅拌20min后,通过过滤固液分离后、经去离子水洗涤后,置于100℃下干燥12h,得干燥后得到BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料前驱体;
(6)将步骤(5)所得BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料前驱体置于700℃下煅烧1h,即得所述的BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料。
实施例4:
(1)分别称取10g埃洛石和0.2g十二烷基苯磺酸钠,加入到20ml 去离子水中搅拌混合,置于80℃水浴中搅拌改性30min,得到改性埃洛石悬浊液A;
(2)称取4.9gBi(NO3)3·5H2O溶解于10g浓度为6wt%的稀硝酸溶液中,得到混合澄清溶液B;
(3)称取1.17gNH4VO3溶解于10ml去离子水溶液中,得到混合澄清溶液C;
(4)将步骤(2)所得含Bi(NO3)3·5H2O的溶液B缓慢加入到改性埃洛石悬浊液A中,恒温80℃水浴搅拌15min得到混合液D,随后将步骤(3)所得NH4VO3的溶液C逐滴滴加到混合液D中,恒温80℃水浴搅拌60min得到混合液E,
(5)用10wt%的稀氨水调节混合液E的pH至7,恒温80℃水浴搅拌60min后,通过过滤固液分离后、经去离子水洗涤后,置于80℃下干燥9h,得干燥后得到BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料前驱体;
(6)将步骤(5)所得BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料前驱体置于400℃下煅烧2h,即得所述的BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料。
性能测试实验:
在石英反应管中加入50ml初始浓度25mg/L的亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液,称取0.05g实施例1~4之一制备的BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料加入到上述50mlMB溶液中,室温下搅拌暗吸附1h,开启1000W 氙灯模拟自然光照5h,通过紫外可见分光光度计测试溶液中剩余亚甲基蓝(MB)浓度,计算亚甲基蓝降解率(%)。实验结果如表1所示。
表1实施例1~4样品的检测分析结果
样品 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 |
MB降解率(%) | 98.7 | 99.2 | 95.4 | 100 |
通过表1中实施例1~4样品的MB降解率(%)检测分析结果可知,实施例1~4样品在模拟自然光下对MB降解率(%)都大于95%,说明实施例1~4样品具有较好的可见光催化性能。
Claims (10)
1.一种BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的方法具体按如下步骤进行:
(1)将埃洛石、十二烷基苯磺酸钠与去离子水混合,在70~90℃下搅拌改性20~60min,得到改性埃洛石悬浊液A;所述的埃洛石与十二烷基苯磺酸钠、去离子水的质量比为1:0.01~0.04:1~4;
(2)将Bi(NO3)3·5H2O溶解于浓度为3~10wt%的稀硝酸溶液中,得到混合澄清溶液B;所述的Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和稀硝酸溶液的质量比为1:2~6;
(3)将NH4VO3溶解于去离子水中,得到混合澄清溶液C;所述的NH4VO3和去离子水的质量比为1:6~15;
(4)将步骤(2)所得混合澄清溶液B缓慢加入到步骤(1)所得改性埃洛石悬浊液A中,恒温80℃水浴搅拌10~30min得到混合液D,随后将步骤(3)所得混合澄清溶液C逐滴滴加到所述的混合液D中,恒温80℃水浴搅拌10~60min得到混合液E;所述的改性埃洛石悬浊液A所投入的埃洛石与Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、NH4VO3的质量比为1:0.2~0.6:0.05~0.15;
(5)用浓度为5~15wt%的稀氨水调节步骤(4)所得混合液E的pH至6~9,恒温80℃水浴搅拌10~60min后,通过过滤固液分离后、经去离子水洗涤后,将滤饼置于80~120℃下干燥8~12h,干燥后得到BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料前驱体;
(6)将步骤(5)所得BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料前驱体置于300~700℃下煅烧2~4h,即得所述的BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述搅拌改性的时间为30~40min。
3.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述的埃洛石与十二烷基苯磺酸钠、去离子水的质量比为1:0.02~0.03:2~3。
4.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述的Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和稀硝酸溶液的质量比为1:3~5。
5.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述的NH4VO3和去离子水的质量比为1:8~12。
6.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,所述的改性埃洛石悬浊液A以所投入的埃洛石的质量计与Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、NH4VO3质量比为1:0.3~0.5:0.07~0.12。
7.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,所述用浓度为5~15wt%的稀氨水调节混合液E的pH至6~7。
8.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,所述干燥温度为100~120℃。
9.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,所述干燥时间为10~12h。
10.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(6)中,所述BiVO4/埃洛石复合型纳米光催化材料前驱体的煅烧温度为300~500℃。
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