CN107347392A - The pattern of farming of dragon fruit, pineapple and leaf vegetables intercropping - Google Patents
The pattern of farming of dragon fruit, pineapple and leaf vegetables intercropping Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
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- 235000021384 green leafy vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
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- 241000234671 Ananas Species 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- 235000006850 Echinocereus enneacanthus var dubius Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
- A01G13/30—Ground coverings
- A01G13/32—Mats; Nets; Sheets or films
- A01G13/33—Sheets or films
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种火龙果、凤梨与叶菜间作套种的种植结构，体现了针对空间、作物生长季节和光能集约化、阶段性的高效利用率。其技术方案为：种植结构包括依次排列的火龙果栽培垄、凤梨栽培垄和叶菜栽培槽，火龙果栽培垄以园土作为种植介质进行有土栽培，凤梨栽培垄以园土作为种植介质进行有土栽培，叶菜栽培槽是以采摘走道为上槽边向下修整的槽型栽培区，介于火龙果栽培垄与凤梨栽培垄的采摘走道之间，用于盛放聚苯板式穴盘与营养液。
The invention discloses a planting structure for intercropping of dragon fruit, pineapple and leafy vegetables, which embodies the high utilization rate of space, crop growth season, light energy intensification and stage. Its technical scheme is: the planting structure includes pitaya cultivation ridges, pineapple cultivation ridges and leaf vegetable cultivation troughs arranged in sequence, the pitaya cultivation ridge uses garden soil as the planting medium for soil cultivation, and the pineapple cultivation ridge uses garden soil as the planting medium for cultivation. For soil cultivation, the leaf vegetable cultivation trough is a trough-shaped cultivation area with the picking aisle as the upper trough and the edge is trimmed downwards. It is between the picking aisles of the dragon fruit cultivation ridge and the pineapple cultivation ridge, and is used to hold polystyrene plate-type plug trays. with nutrient solution.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于蔬果间作套种的技术领域，具体说，本发明涉及火龙果、凤梨与叶菜间作套种的一种种植结构。The invention belongs to the technical field of intercropping of fruits and vegetables, in particular, the invention relates to a planting structure of intercropping of dragon fruit, pineapple and leaf vegetables.
背景技术Background technique
在农业现代化高速发展的今天，温室栽培的集约化、高效化、自动化日益显著，大大提高了亩产量、果蔬品质、生产效益等。在中国热带、亚热带地区，对热带水果的温室栽培逐渐推广，对热带地区温室的栽培模式的研究和探讨从未间断，不同的种植结构，温室的栽培效果不同。合理的规划温室在时间和空间上的利用，充分发挥温室的效能，不仅能够便于温室统筹管理，提高温室的规模化、自动化程度，而且提高温室的利用率、土地亩产量和收益。Today, with the rapid development of agricultural modernization, the intensification, efficiency, and automation of greenhouse cultivation have become increasingly significant, greatly improving the yield per mu, the quality of fruits and vegetables, and production efficiency. In the tropical and subtropical regions of China, the greenhouse cultivation of tropical fruits has been gradually promoted. The research and discussion on the cultivation mode of the greenhouse in the tropical region has never stopped. Different planting structures have different cultivation effects in the greenhouse. Reasonable planning of the use of time and space in the greenhouse, and giving full play to the efficiency of the greenhouse can not only facilitate the overall management of the greenhouse, improve the scale and automation of the greenhouse, but also improve the utilization rate of the greenhouse, the yield per mu of land and the income.
发明内容Contents of the invention
以下给出一个或多个方面的简要概述以提供对这些方面的基本理解。此概述不是所有构想到的方面的详尽综览，并且既非旨在指认出所有方面的关键性或决定性要素亦非试图界定任何或所有方面的范围。其唯一的目的是要以简化形式给出一个或多个方面的一些概念以为稍后给出的更加详细的描述之序。A brief summary of one or more aspects is presented below to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not an exhaustive overview of all contemplated aspects, and it is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor attempt to delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
本发明的目的在于提供了一种火龙果、凤梨与叶菜间作套种的种植结构，体现了针对空间、作物生长季节和光能集约化、阶段性的高效利用率。The object of the present invention is to provide a planting structure for intercropping of dragon fruit, pineapple and leafy vegetables, which embodies efficient utilization of space, crop growth season, light energy intensification, and stages.
本发明的技术方案：本发明揭示了一种火龙果、凤梨与叶菜间作套种的种植结构，包括依次排列的火龙果栽培垄、凤梨栽培垄和叶菜栽培槽，所述火龙果栽培垄以园土作为种植介质进行有土栽培，所述凤梨栽培垄以园土作为种植介质进行有土栽培，所述叶菜栽培槽是以采摘走道为上槽边向下修整的槽型栽培区，介于火龙果栽培垄与凤梨栽培垄的采摘走道之间，用于盛放聚苯板式穴盘与营养液。Technical scheme of the present invention: the present invention discloses a planting structure for intercropping of dragon fruit, pineapple and leafy vegetables, comprising pitaya cultivation ridges, pineapple cultivation ridges and leafy vegetable cultivation troughs arranged in sequence, said pitaya cultivation ridges with The garden soil is used as a planting medium for soil cultivation, the pineapple cultivation ridge uses garden soil as a planting medium for soil cultivation, and the leaf vegetable cultivation trough is a trough-shaped cultivation area that is trimmed downwards on the upper trough edge with the picking aisle as the picking aisle. Between the picking aisles of dragon fruit cultivation ridges and pineapple cultivation ridges, it is used to hold polystyrene plate-type plug trays and nutrient solutions.
根据本发明的火龙果、凤梨与叶菜间作套种的种植结构的实施例，所述火龙果栽培垄结合高垄栽培、地膜覆盖、滴灌进行有土栽培。According to the embodiment of the intercropping planting structure of dragon fruit, pineapple and leafy vegetables of the present invention, the pitaya cultivation ridge is combined with high ridge cultivation, plastic film mulching, and drip irrigation to carry out soil cultivation.
根据本发明的火龙果、凤梨与叶菜间作套种的种植结构的实施例，所述火龙果栽培垄中，起高垄，设定株行距行式种植；地膜覆盖以银黑双面地膜为主；滴灌采用膜外滴箭。According to the embodiment of the intercropping planting structure of dragon fruit, pineapple and leafy vegetables of the present invention, in the dragon fruit cultivation ridge, a high ridge is set up, and the row spacing is set for planting; the plastic film covering is mainly silver and black double-sided plastic film ; Drip irrigation adopts drip arrows outside the membrane.
根据本发明的火龙果、凤梨与叶菜间作套种的种植结构的实施例，所述凤梨栽培垄结合高垄栽培、地膜覆盖、滴灌进行有土栽培。According to the embodiment of the intercropping planting structure of dragon fruit, pineapple and leafy vegetables of the present invention, the pineapple cultivation ridge is combined with high ridge cultivation, plastic film mulching, and drip irrigation to carry out soil cultivation.
根据本发明的火龙果、凤梨与叶菜间作套种的种植结构的实施例，所述凤梨栽培垄中，起高垄，设定株行距行式种植；地膜覆盖以银黑双面地膜为主；滴灌采用膜外滴箭。According to the embodiment of the intercropping planting structure of dragon fruit, pineapple and leafy vegetables of the present invention, in the pineapple cultivation ridge, a high ridge is set up, and the plant row spacing is set for planting; the plastic film covering is mainly silver and black double-sided plastic film; Drip irrigation uses drip arrows outside the membrane.
根据本发明的火龙果、凤梨与叶菜间作套种的种植结构的实施例，所述苯板式穴盘装配有机固体基质种植叶菜后，平放于槽中，水槽中装灌一定配比的营养液，相邻两个栽培槽相连通，保证营养液能循环流动。According to the embodiment of the intercropping planting structure of pitaya, pineapple and leafy vegetables of the present invention, after the described benzene plate-type plug tray is assembled with an organic solid substrate to plant leafy vegetables, it is placed flat in a tank, and a certain ratio of nutrients is filled in the tank. The two adjacent cultivation tanks are connected to ensure that the nutrient solution can circulate.
根据本发明的火龙果、凤梨与叶菜间作套种的种植结构的实施例，水槽中的营养液的液面高度以保证穴盘能漂浮为基准。According to the embodiment of the intercropping planting structure of pitaya, pineapple and leaf vegetables of the present invention, the liquid level height of the nutrient solution in the water tank is based on ensuring that the plug can float.
根据本发明的火龙果、凤梨与叶菜间作套种的种植结构的实施例，所述叶菜栽培槽中的叶菜以生菜、白菜、油菜为主。According to an embodiment of the intercropping planting structure of pitaya, pineapple and leafy vegetables of the present invention, the leafy vegetables in the leafy vegetable cultivation tank are mainly lettuce, Chinese cabbage and rapeseed.
本发明对比现有技术有如下的有益效果：本发明在同一空间、不同时间种植火龙果、凤梨、叶菜，不仅合理利用了温室内部的二维空间、三维空间，合理规划了作物的生长季节，而且集约化利用光热资源，提高了土地、光能利用率，增加年总产量和收益。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention plants dragon fruit, pineapple, and leafy vegetables in the same space at different times, not only rationally utilizing the two-dimensional space and three-dimensional space inside the greenhouse, but also rationally planning the growing season of the crops , and the intensive use of light and heat resources improves the utilization rate of land and light energy, and increases the total annual output and income.
火龙果、凤梨的高垄栽培，合理的利用了土壤资源，种植行数可根据种植垄宽和密度设定，行式栽培改善了通风条件，提高二氧化碳浓度，有效降低湿度，提高光合作用效率，充分利用太阳能，避免病虫害的滋生，提高果实产量和品质。The high ridge cultivation of dragon fruit and pineapple makes reasonable use of soil resources. The number of planting rows can be set according to the width and density of the planting ridge. Row cultivation improves ventilation conditions, increases carbon dioxide concentration, effectively reduces humidity, and improves photosynthesis efficiency. Make full use of solar energy, avoid the breeding of diseases and insect pests, and improve fruit yield and quality.
银黑双面地膜覆盖栽培，不仅能够避免杂草的生长，而且能够反色太阳散射光，提高果实的着色，反射的紫外线也起到杀菌的作用。膜外滴灌，节约水资源，能克服缺乏淡水缺乏地区水资源少的问题，便于统一管理。Silver and black double-sided plastic film mulching cultivation can not only prevent the growth of weeds, but also reflect the color of the sun and scatter light, improve the coloring of the fruit, and the reflected ultraviolet rays also play a role in sterilization. Drip irrigation outside the membrane saves water resources, can overcome the problem of low water resources in areas lacking fresh water, and is convenient for unified management.
叶菜的基质栽培和水培相结合，相比基质栽培能够为叶菜提供充分的营养，相邻两个栽培槽相连通，营养液能循环流动，能够提高根部的溶氧量，相比水培能改善叶菜根系的根际环境，改善根部的水气比，避免烂根。The combination of matrix cultivation and hydroponics of leafy vegetables can provide sufficient nutrition for leafy vegetables compared with matrix cultivation. Two adjacent cultivation tanks are connected, and the nutrient solution can circulate and flow, which can increase the dissolved oxygen in the roots. Compared with water Cultivation can improve the rhizosphere environment of the root system of leafy vegetables, improve the water-air ratio of the roots, and avoid root rot.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的火龙果、凤梨与叶菜间作套种的种植结构的较佳实施例的立体示意图。Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional schematic view of the preferred embodiment of the intercropping planting structure of dragon fruit, pineapple and leaf vegetable intercropping of the present invention.
图2为图1所示实施例的俯视示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 .
图3为图1所示实施例的侧面示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 .
图4为图1所示实施例的苯板式穴盘装的示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the benzene plate type tray device of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 .
具体实施方式detailed description
在结合以下附图阅读本公开的实施例的详细描述之后，能够更好地理解本发明的上述特征和优点。在附图中，各组件不一定是按比例绘制，并且具有类似的相关特性或特征的组件可能具有相同或相近的附图标记。The above-mentioned features and advantages of the present invention can be better understood after reading the detailed description of the embodiments of the present disclosure in conjunction with the following drawings. In the drawings, components are not necessarily drawn to scale, and components with similar related properties or characteristics may have the same or similar reference numerals.
如图1至图4所示，本发明公开了火龙果41、凤梨31与叶菜23间作套种的种植结构的实施例。本实施例的种植结构1包括火龙果栽培垄4、凤梨栽培垄3和叶菜栽培槽2。火龙果栽培垄4、凤梨栽培垄3和叶菜栽培槽2依此排放设置。火龙果栽培垄4以园土作为种植介质，结合高垄栽培、地膜覆盖、滴灌等技术进行有土栽培。配合施用有机肥、复合肥等肥料，改善园土的孔隙比、营养含量等物化性质，起规范高垄，设定株行距行式种植，便于多年限长期的管理。地膜覆盖银黑双面地膜42为主，能够改善生长环境的温度、湿度、二氧化碳浓度、光照条件等，提高果实产量和品质。滴灌34采用膜外滴箭，便于火龙果根系供水均匀一致，且能够节水节肥，减少生产成本。凤梨栽培垄3同样以园土作为种植介质，起高垄，设定株行距行式种植，覆盖银黑双面地膜33，配以膜外滴灌。As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 , the present invention discloses an embodiment of a planting structure in which dragon fruit 41 , pineapple 31 and leaf vegetable 23 are intercropped. The planting structure 1 of the present embodiment includes a pitaya cultivation ridge 4 , a pineapple cultivation ridge 3 and a leaf vegetable cultivation groove 2 . Pitaya cultivation ridge 4, pineapple cultivation ridge 3 and leaf vegetable cultivation groove 2 are discharged and set according to this. Pitaya cultivation ridge 4 uses garden soil as the planting medium, and combines techniques such as high ridge cultivation, plastic film covering, and drip irrigation to carry out soil cultivation. Cooperate with the application of organic fertilizers, compound fertilizers and other fertilizers to improve the physical and chemical properties of the garden soil such as void ratio and nutrient content, standardize the high ridges, and set the spacing between plants and rows for planting, which is convenient for multi-year and long-term management. Plastic film covering mainly silver and black double-sided plastic film 42 can improve the temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, light conditions, etc. of the growth environment, and improve fruit yield and quality. The drip irrigation 34 adopts drip arrows outside the film, which is convenient for the dragon fruit root system to supply water evenly, and can save water and fertilizer, and reduce production costs. The pineapple cultivation ridge 3 also uses the garden soil as the planting medium, raises a high ridge, sets the row spacing between plants, and covers the silver and black double-sided plastic film 33 with drip irrigation outside the film.
如图1与3所示，叶菜栽培槽2是以采摘走道32为上槽边向下修整的槽型栽培区，介于火龙果栽培垄4与凤梨栽培垄3的采摘走道32之间，用于盛放聚苯板式穴盘21与营养液22。如图4，苯板式穴盘装21配有机固体基质24，种植叶菜23种后，平放于槽中，水槽中装灌一定配比的营养液，液面高度以保证穴盘能漂浮为基准，相邻两个栽培槽相连通，保证营养液22能循环流动。叶菜以生菜、白菜、油菜等为主，具有冠幅小、周期短、产量高的特点。这种种植结构尤其适于南方地区保护地栽培，温室5能够减少外界环境影响，改善栽培环境，大大提高生产效益。As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the leaf vegetable cultivation groove 2 is a trough-shaped cultivation area that is trimmed downwards on the upper groove edge with the picking walkway 32, between the picking walkway 32 of the pitaya cultivation ridge 4 and the pineapple cultivation ridge 3, It is used to hold the polystyrene plate type tray 21 and the nutrient solution 22. As shown in Figure 4, the benzene-plate type plug 21 is equipped with an organic solid matrix 24. After planting 23 kinds of leafy vegetables, put them flat in the tank, fill the tank with a certain proportion of nutrient solution, and the height of the liquid level is to ensure that the plug can float. As a reference, two adjacent cultivation tanks are connected to ensure that the nutrient solution 22 can circulate. Leafy vegetables are mainly lettuce, cabbage, rape, etc., which have the characteristics of small crown, short cycle and high yield. This planting structure is especially suitable for protected cultivation in the southern region. The greenhouse 5 can reduce the impact of the external environment, improve the cultivation environment, and greatly increase production efficiency.
本发明提出的种植结构集两种多年生热带水果作物与叶菜类套种、有土栽培与无土栽培技术、基质栽培和水培技术于一体，不仅改善了温室内通风与湿度不佳的情况，而且对温室的空间、作物生长季节和光能集约化、阶段性的高效利用，提高土地、光能利用率，大大提高了复种指数高，增加年总产量和收益。The planting structure proposed by the invention integrates two kinds of perennial tropical fruit crops and leafy vegetables interplanting, soil cultivation and soilless cultivation techniques, matrix cultivation and hydroponic cultivation techniques, which not only improves the situation of poor ventilation and humidity in the greenhouse, Moreover, the space of the greenhouse, the crop growing season, the intensive use of light energy, and the efficient use of phases can improve the utilization rate of land and light energy, greatly improve the multiple cropping index, and increase the total annual output and income.
提供对本公开的先前描述是为使得本领域任何技术人员皆能够制作或使用本公开。对本公开的各种修改对本领域技术人员来说都将是显而易见的，且本文中所定义的普适原理可被应用到其他变体而不会脱离本公开的精神或范围。由此，本公开并非旨在被限定于本文中所描述的示例和设计，而是应被授予与本文中所公开的原理和新颖性特征相一致的最广范围。The previous description of the present disclosure is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to the present disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
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