CN107342683A - Dcdc转换器 - Google Patents

Dcdc转换器 Download PDF

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CN107342683A
CN107342683A CN201710280531.4A CN201710280531A CN107342683A CN 107342683 A CN107342683 A CN 107342683A CN 201710280531 A CN201710280531 A CN 201710280531A CN 107342683 A CN107342683 A CN 107342683A
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circuit
converter
voltage
output
signal
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CN107342683B (zh
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河野明大
后藤克也
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Seiko Instruments Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K3/00—Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature
    • G01K3/005—Circuits arrangements for indicating a predetermined temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H3/202—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage for dc systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/24—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to undervoltage or no-voltage
    • H02H3/243—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to undervoltage or no-voltage for DC systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
    • H02H5/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/1213—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for DC-DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0032—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16566—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533
    • G01R19/16576—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533 comparing DC or AC voltage with one threshold
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/40—Testing power supplies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/327—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection against abnormal temperatures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供DCDC转换器，低耗电且具有较高安全性。构成为监视误差放大器的输出电压，检测误差放大器的输出电压成为固定值以下的情况，间歇驱动过热保护电路和电源电压监视电路。

Description

DCDC转换器
技术领域
本发明涉及DCDC转换器，特别是涉及在小负载时减少消耗电流的技术。
背景技术
近年来，在搭载有电池的电子设备中不断追求低耗电化。特别是在智能手机、便携设备以及可穿戴设备等中，为了使驱动时间更长而更为强烈地要求电子设备低耗电化。因此，在内置于该电子设备的半导体集成电路中也显著要求减少耗电。
另一方面，对于便携设备等人直接处理的电子设备，尤其要求不会爆炸或触电等对人体产生不良影响这样的安全性。
内置于电池驱动的电子设备中利用电池电压进行动作的DCDC转换器例如具有在半导体集成电路内的芯片温度上升到规定温度以上的温度时停止动作的过热保护电路、以及用于在电池电压显著降低时防止内部电路的误动作的电源电压监视电路等(例如，参照专利文献1)。
【专利文献1】日本特开2005-328589号公报
然而，如果在DCDC转换器中追加保护电路、监视电路，则需要用于使该电路动作的电力，从而阻碍电子设备要求的低耗电化。因此，现有的DCDC转换器存在这样的课题：很难在确保安全性的同时提高电力效率。
发明内容
本发明正是为了解决以上的课题而完成的，提供一种低耗电且具有较高安全性的DCDC转换器。
为了解决现有的课题，本发明的DCDC转换器成为以下的结构。
DCDC转换器构成为利用开关元件根据被输入到输入端子的电源电压向输出端子输出期望的输出电压，其中，所述DCDC转换器具有：误差放大器，其监视输出电压；输出控制电路，其根据误差放大器的输出信号而向开关元件的栅极输出控制信号；以及保护电路，其在检测出异常状态时向输出控制电路输出信号，以使开关元件断开，保护电路根据基于误差放大器的输出信号的信号，进行仅在规定的期间动作的间歇动作。
本发明的DCDC转换器构成为仅在规定的期间使保护电路间歇地动作，因此，尤其能够减少小负载时的消耗电流，从而能够提高电力效率。
附图说明
图1是示出本发明的实施方式的DCDC转换器的一例的电路图。
图2是示出本实施方式的DCDC转换器的比较器20的动作的时序图。
(a)大负载时的动作
(b)小负载时的动作
图3是示出本实施方式的DCDC转换器的过热保护电路的一例的电路图。
图4是示出本实施方式的DCDC转换器的电源电压监视电路的一例的电路图。
标号说明
10：误差放大器；
11：振荡电路；
12、21、32、43：基准电压电路；
13、20、33、44：比较器；
14：输出控制电路；
22：过热保护电路；
23：电源电压监视电路；
31：感温元件；
34、35、45：偏置电路。
具体实施方式
图1是示出本实施方式的DCDC转换器的一例的电路图。DCDC转换器100是将被输入到输入端子1的电源电压Vin转换成恒压而作为输出电压Vout输出至输出端子7的同步整流型DCDC转换器。
本实施方式的DCDC转换器100具有作为第1开关元件的PMOS晶体管3、作为第2开关元件的NMOS晶体管4、电感器5、输出电容器6、误差放大器10、振荡电路11、基准电压电路12和21、比较器13和20、输出控制电路14、缓冲电路15和16、分压电阻17和18、过热保护电路22以及电源电压监视电路23。
分压电阻17和18输出与输出电压Vout对应的反馈电压Vfb。基准电压电路12输出基准电压Vref1。误差放大器10将反馈电压Vfb与基准电压Vref1进行比较，将对反馈电压Vfb与基准电压Vref1之差放大后的电压Verr输出至比较器13和20。振荡电路11输出固定周期的三角波信号。比较器13比较振荡电路11的三角波信号和误差放大器10的电压Verr并输出比较结果的信号。输出控制电路14接收比较器13的输出信号，向缓冲电路15和16输出控制信号。缓冲电路15控制PMOS晶体管3，此外，缓冲电路16控制NMOS晶体管4。
基准电压电路21输出基准电压Vref2。比较器20将误差放大器10的电压Verr与基准电压Vref2进行比较而输出控制信号Vcont。并且，当误差放大器10的电压Verr超过基准电压Vref2时，向过热保护电路22和电源电压监视电路23输出控制信号Vcont以使其停止。
过热保护电路22监视DCDC转换器的温度，如果判定为DCDC转换器发热而处于过热状态，则向输出控制电路14输出信号。接到过热保护电路22的信号的输出控制电路14经由缓冲电路15使PMOS晶体管3截止，由此保护DCDC转换器免受发热造成的破坏。
电源电压监视电路23监视电源电压，如果判定为电源电压低于规定的电压，则向输出控制电路14输出信号。在从电源电压监视电路23接到信号时，输出控制电路14经由缓冲电路15使PMOS晶体管3截止。由此，电源电压监视电路23防止由于不经意的开关动作对DCDC转换器造成的破坏。
接下来，基于图2的时序图对比较器20的动作进行说明。图2的(a)示出与输出端子7连接的负载较大的大负载的情况，图2的(b)示出与输出端子7连接的负载较小的小负载的情况。
在大负载时，从输出端子7输出的电流增加，因此输出电压Vout降低，即，反馈电压Vfb降低。因此，误差放大器10的电压Verr增高，比较器13的输出成为H期间较长的振荡信号。因此，输出控制电路14将L期间较长的信号输出至PMOS晶体管3的栅极，将H期间较长的信号输出至NMOS晶体管4的栅极。
这时，如图2的(a)那样，误差放大器10的电压Verr始终高于基准电压电路21的基准电压Vref2，因此，比较器20始终输出H的控制信号Vcont。过热保护电路22和电源电压监视电路23接收该H信号而始终监视温度和电源电压。
在负载较小时，输出电压Vout上升，即，误差放大器10的电压Verr降低，比较器13的输出成为L期间较长的振荡信号。因此，输出控制电路14将H期间较长的信号输出至PMOS晶体管3的栅极，将L期间较长的信号输出至NMOS晶体管4的栅极。
这时，如图2的(b)那样，误差放大器10的电压Verr降低至与基准电压电路21的基准电压Vref2相同的程度，因此，比较器20的控制信号Vcont对应于该电压Verr的大小而从高电平变化成低电平。过热保护电路22和电源电压监视电路23接收该控制信号Vcont而间歇地监视温度和电源电压。
如以上说明的那样，比较器20间歇地控制过热保护电路22和电源电压监视电路23的动作，因此，能够减少过热保护电路22和电源电压监视电路23的耗电。
特别是在过热保护电路22中，在小负载时，不存在由于流过NMOS晶体管4的电流导致的温度上升而破坏元件的危险性，因此，过热保护电路22也可以处于停止状态。
一旦判断为处于过热状态或电源降低状态，则过热保护电路22和电源电压监视电路23持续进行检测动作直到判断为不处于过热状态或电源降低状态为止。利用该动作，过热保护电路22和电源电压监视电路23即使在小负载时进行间歇动作，也能够可靠地保护DCDC转换器。
图3是示出本发明的过热保护电路的一例的电路图。过热保护电路22具有：感温元件31；基准电压电路32；比较器33，其通过比较感温元件31的电压与基准电压电路32的输出电压而进行温度检测；偏置电路34，其对感温元件31供给电流；偏置电路35，其对比较器33供给电流；开关36，其控制由偏置电路34向感温元件31进行的电流供给；以及开关37，其控制由偏置电路35向比较器33进行的电流供给。开关36设置在感温元件31与偏置电路34之间。开关37设置在比较器33与偏置电路35之间。
在比较器20的H信号被输入到IN端子时，开关36和开关37接通，向感温元件31和比较器33供给电流。在供给电流而将感温元件31的电压和比较器33稳定在能够进行比较的状态之后，通过比较器33比较基准电压电路32的输出电压和感温元件31的电压而进行温度判定。当被判定为处于过热状态时，偏置电路34、35持续对感温元件31和比较器33供给电流而持续进行温度检测。当被判定为不处于过热状态时，依照被输入到IN端子的信号，当成为L信号时，开关36和开关37断开从而停止对感温元件31和比较器33进行的电流供给。
图4是示出本发明的电源电压监视电路的一例的电路图。电源电压监视电路23具有分压电阻41、42、基准电压电路43、锁存输出信号的比较器44以及偏置电路45。此外，电源电压监视电路23还具有：开关46，其控制由偏置电路45向比较器44进行的电流供给；以及开关47，其切断流向分压电阻41、42的电流。
在开关46、47断开的状态下，由分压电阻41、42构成的分压电阻电路的分压电压被拉升至电源电压Vin。
在比较器20输出的H信号被输入到IN端子时，开关46和开关47接通，向分压电阻41、42和比较器44供给电流。比较器44通过比较分压电压和基准电压电路43的基准电压来监视电源电压Vin。在分压电压为基准电压值以下的低电压的情况下，比较器44从OUT端子输出L信号。并且，持续电源监视直到被判定为不是低电压为止。在分压电压成为基准电压值以上时，比较器44从OUT端子输出H信号。此时，开关46、47基于从比较器20输入到IN端子的信号进行接通/断开动作。在开关46断开时，比较器44通过锁存接通时的信号而从OUT端子输出间歇信号。用于判断电源电压Vin是不是低电压的电源电压监视电路23中的电压，是由基准电压电路43的基准电压值和分压电阻电路的分压比来确定的。
在以上的说明中，电源电压监视电路是监视电源电压Vin，通过停止DCDC转换器的动作来保护DCDC转换器，但是，还可以应用于监视内部电源的监视电路，该内部电源驱动DCDC转换器的电路内的控制电路。
此外，还可以应用于监视输出电压Vout，检测处于过电压状态的情况来停止DCDC转换器的动作的OVP(Over Voltage Protection：过电压保护)电路。
进而，还可以应用于检测输出电压Vout降低的情况而停止DCDC转换器的动作的UVP(Under Voltage Protection：低电压保护)电路。

Claims (5)

1.一种DCDC转换器，该DCDC转换器利用开关元件根据被输入到输入端子的电源电压向输出端子输出期望的输出电压，其特征在于，所述DCDC转换器具有：
误差放大器，其监视所述输出电压；
输出控制电路，其根据所述误差放大器的输出信号而向所述开关元件的栅极输出控制信号；以及
保护电路，其在检测出异常状态时向所述输出控制电路输出信号，以使所述开关元件断开，
所述保护电路根据基于所述误差放大器的输出信号的信号，进行仅在规定的期间动作的间歇动作。
2.根据权利要求1所述的DCDC转换器，其特征在于，
所述规定的期间至少是所述开关元件接通的期间。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的DCDC转换器，其特征在于，
所述DCDC转换器具有比较器，该比较器根据所述误差放大器的输出信号输出用于使所述保护电路间歇动作的控制信号。
4.根据权利要求1～3中的任意一项所述的DCDC转换器，其特征在于，
所述保护电路是在电源电压为规定的电压以下时检测出所述异常状态的电源电压监视电路。
5.根据权利要求1～3中的任意一项所述的DCDC转换器，其特征在于，
所述保护电路是在周围温度为规定的温度以上时检测出所述异常状态的过热保护电路。
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