CN107337745A - 一种油包水型聚合物微胶囊的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种油包水型聚合物微胶囊的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107337745A
CN107337745A CN201710659777.2A CN201710659777A CN107337745A CN 107337745 A CN107337745 A CN 107337745A CN 201710659777 A CN201710659777 A CN 201710659777A CN 107337745 A CN107337745 A CN 107337745A
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张秋禹
刘锦
张宝亮
张和鹏
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种油包水型聚合物微胶囊的制备方法,属于反相乳液聚合法,优势之处在于引入同时具有表面活性和引发单体聚合功能的聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯为大分子乳化剂和引发剂,在油相作为连续相,不额外加入小分子乳化剂和引发剂的条件下,即可在油水界面引发疏水性单体聚合,包覆水溶性物质,得到油包水型聚合物微胶囊。该方法体系和制备工艺简单,后处理简便,通用性强,成本较低,适合工业化大规模生产。

Description

一种油包水型聚合物微胶囊的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于聚合物微胶囊的制备方法,涉及一种油包水型聚合物微胶囊的制备方法,具体涉及以同时具有表面活性和引发单体聚合功能的聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯为大分子乳化剂和引发剂,利用反相乳液聚合方法,在油相作为连续相,不额外加入小分子乳化剂和引发剂的条件下,引发疏水性单体聚合,包覆水溶性物质,得到油包水型聚合物微胶囊。
背景技术
聚合物微胶囊能保护物质免受环境影响,改变物质表面性能,隔离活性成分,降低挥发性和毒性,控制可持续释放等多种作用,在医药、食品、香料、化妆品、涂料、农药、纺织和能源节约等多个领域有广泛的应用。根据芯材的溶解性可以将胶囊分为油包水型和水包油型两大类,目前水包油型制备微胶囊的技术已经非常成熟,其包覆的芯材只能是油溶性的,对于水溶性无机盐芯材微胶囊的研究较少,具有广阔的发展前景。
依据成囊机理和条件,油包水型聚合物微胶囊的制备方法可分为模板法、层层自组装法、复凝聚法、喷雾干燥法、界面聚合法、相分离法和原位聚合法等。其中,界面聚合法和原位聚合法因不需要特殊的仪器设备和广泛的单体适用性而被用于制备粒径从几十纳米到上百微米的油包水型聚合物微胶囊。界面聚合法的原理是将两种活性单体分别溶解在互不相溶的溶剂中,当一种溶液被分散在另一种溶液中时,两相溶液中的单体在相界面发生聚合反应形成胶囊。该方法需要在单体的种类、浓度以及两相溶剂的配比等方面进行精心的设计和选择,因此限制条件较多,不易制备多品种的油包水型聚合物微胶囊。原位聚合法是以作为芯材的无机盐或其水溶液与引发剂为分散相,反应性单体或其可溶性预聚体及有机溶剂作为连续相,通过在有机溶剂中加入表面活性剂将分散相乳化,芯材中的水溶性引发剂引发单体或预聚体聚合,形成的聚合物因与单体或预聚体不相容而发生相分离形成微胶囊。该方法的不足之处在于需要使用大量的表面活性剂和引发剂,体系较为复杂。
发明内容
要解决的技术问题
为了避免现有技术的不足之处,本发明提出一种油包水型聚合物微胶囊的制备方法。
技术方案
一种油包水型聚合物微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
步骤1:将具有表面活性和引发单体聚合功能的聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、疏水性单体、水或盐溶液和有机溶剂按质量比为0.1~10:1~20:10~100:10~100的比例混合后乳化1~30分钟得到稳定的油包水乳液;
步骤2:加热乳液至60~100℃以引发单体的聚合反应,保温2~24小时后结束反应;
步骤3:清洗反应后的乳液以除去有机溶剂、未反应的单体以及溶于水中的聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,得到油包水型聚合物微胶囊。
所述盐溶液为氯化钠、四水合硝酸钙、氢氧化钠、六水合硝酸亚铁、六水合氯化镁、硝酸钠、四水合溴化钙、八水合硝酸铝、十二水合硫酸铝钾、碳酸钠、氟化钾、硝酸钾、碳酸钾、十二水合磷酸氢钠、六水合硝酸锰、三水合氯化锌、十水合硫酸钠或十水合硼酸钠水溶液。
所述有机溶剂为石油醚、乙二醇醚、甲苯、二甲苯、辛烷、环己烷、正己烷、醋酸乙酯、醋酸丙酯、醋酸丁酯、醋酸戊酯、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷或三氯乙烷中。
所述疏水性单体为苯乙烯、4-羟甲基苯乙烯、4-氯甲基苯乙烯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、二乙烯基苯、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯或二丙烯酸乙二醇酯。
有益效果
本发明提出的一种油包水型聚合物微胶囊的制备方法,属于反相乳液聚合法,优势之处在于引入同时具有表面活性和引发单体聚合功能的聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯为大分子乳化剂和引发剂,在油相作为连续相,不额外加入小分子乳化剂和引发剂的条件下,即可在油水界面引发疏水性单体聚合,包覆水溶性物质,得到油包水型聚合物微胶囊。该方法体系和制备工艺简单,后处理简便,通用性强,成本较低,适合工业化大规模生产。
附图说明
图1:聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯引发二乙烯基苯所得聚合物微胶囊的扫描电镜照片。
图2:聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯引发二乙烯基苯包覆六水合氯化镁所得聚合物微胶囊的扫描电镜照片。
具体实施方式
现结合实施例、附图对本发明作进一步描述:
实施例1:聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯引发苯乙烯聚合制备聚合物微胶囊
将6g聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、20g苯乙烯单体、30g水、30g甲苯混合后,于室温搅拌乳化10分钟,加热至60℃,反应12小时后,充分清洗除去甲苯、未聚合的苯乙烯及溶于水中的聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,得到聚苯乙烯微胶囊。
实施例2:聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯引发二乙烯基苯聚合制备聚合物微胶囊
将4g聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、20g二乙烯基苯单体、30g水、30g环己烷混合后,于室温搅拌乳化10分钟,加热至70℃,反应12小时后,充分清洗除去环己烷、未聚合的二乙烯基苯及溶于水中的聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,得到聚二乙烯基苯微胶囊。
实施例3:聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯引发4-羟甲基苯乙烯聚合制备聚合物微胶囊
将4g聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、20g 4-羟甲基苯乙烯单体、30g水、30g环己烷混合后,于室温搅拌乳化30分钟,加热至70℃,反应12小时后,充分清洗除去环己烷、未聚合的4-羟甲基苯乙烯及溶于水中的聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,得到聚(4-羟甲基苯乙烯)微胶囊。
实施例4:聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯引发4-氯甲基苯乙烯聚合制备聚合物微胶囊
将6g聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、30g 4-氯甲基苯乙烯单体、40g水、20g石油醚混合后,于室温搅拌乳化30分钟,加热至70℃,反应10小时后,充分清洗除去石油醚未聚合的4-氯甲基苯乙烯及溶于水中的聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,得到聚(4-氯甲基苯乙烯)微胶囊。
实施例5:聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合制备聚合物微胶囊包覆氯化钠
将4g聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、20g甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体、40g浓度为20%的氯化钠溶液、30g正己烷混合后,于室温搅拌乳化30分钟,加热至60℃,反应12小时后,充分清洗除去正己烷、未聚合的甲基丙烯酸甲酯及溶于水中的聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,得到聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯包覆氯化钠微胶囊。
实施例6:聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合制备聚合物微胶囊包覆碳酸钠
将4g聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、20g甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体、40g浓度为20%的碳酸钠溶液、30g正己烷混合后,于室温搅拌乳化30分钟,加热至60℃,反应12小时后,充分清洗除去正己烷、未聚合的甲基丙烯酸甲酯及溶于水中的聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,得到聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯包覆碳酸钠微胶囊。
实施例7:聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯引发二乙烯基苯聚合制备聚合物微胶囊包覆六水合氯化镁
将4g聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、15g二乙烯基苯单体、35g浓度为30%的六水合氯化镁溶液、25g环己烷混合后,于室温搅拌乳化10分钟,加热至70℃,反应12小时后,充分清洗除去环己烷、未聚合的二乙烯基苯及溶于水中的聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,得到聚二乙烯基苯包覆六水合氯化镁微胶囊。
实施例8:聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯引发苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚合制备聚合物微胶囊包覆十二水合磷酸钠
将6g聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、10g苯乙烯单体、10g甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体、35g浓度为30%的十二水合磷酸钠溶液、25g石油醚混合后,于室温搅拌乳化20分钟,加热至60℃,反应12小时后,充分清洗除去石油醚、未聚合的苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯及溶于水中的聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,得到聚(苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯)包覆十二水合磷酸钠微胶囊。

Claims (4)

1.一种油包水型聚合物微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
步骤1:将具有表面活性和引发单体聚合功能的聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、疏水性单体、水或盐溶液和有机溶剂按质量比为0.1~10:1~20:10~100:10~100的比例混合后乳化1~30分钟得到稳定的油包水乳液;
步骤2:加热乳液至60~100℃以引发单体的聚合反应,保温2~24小时后结束反应;
步骤3:清洗反应后的乳液以除去有机溶剂、未反应的单体以及溶于水中的聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,得到油包水型聚合物微胶囊。
2.根据权利要求1所述油包水型聚合物微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:所述盐溶液为氯化钠、四水合硝酸钙、氢氧化钠、六水合硝酸亚铁、六水合氯化镁、硝酸钠、四水合溴化钙、八水合硝酸铝、十二水合硫酸铝钾、碳酸钠、氟化钾、硝酸钾、碳酸钾、十二水合磷酸氢钠、六水合硝酸锰、三水合氯化锌、十水合硫酸钠或十水合硼酸钠水溶液。
3.根据权利要求1所述油包水型聚合物微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:所述有机溶剂为石油醚、乙二醇醚、甲苯、二甲苯、辛烷、环己烷、正己烷、醋酸乙酯、醋酸丙酯、醋酸丁酯、醋酸戊酯、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷或三氯乙烷中。
4.根据权利要求1所述油包水型聚合物微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:所述疏水性单体为苯乙烯、4-羟甲基苯乙烯、4-氯甲基苯乙烯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、二乙烯基苯、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯或二丙烯酸乙二醇酯。
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