CN107311640A - 用于3d打印制备具有开口微孔陶瓷的组合物及使用方法 - Google Patents

用于3d打印制备具有开口微孔陶瓷的组合物及使用方法 Download PDF

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CN107311640A
CN107311640A CN201710485519.7A CN201710485519A CN107311640A CN 107311640 A CN107311640 A CN 107311640A CN 201710485519 A CN201710485519 A CN 201710485519A CN 107311640 A CN107311640 A CN 107311640A
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洪友良
郭波
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Taohe Science And Technology Suzhou Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于3D打印制备具有开口微孔陶瓷的组合物,其是由3D打印用浆料A和固化剂B构成,其中,3D打印用浆料A包含陶瓷粉末、水、分散剂、粘结剂、不饱和烯单体、多烯交联剂和过硫酸铵;固化剂B是含四甲基乙二胺的水溶液。所述的用于3D打印制备具有开口微孔陶瓷的组合物的使用方法包含如下步骤:I)采用喷墨打印法将3D打印浆料A注入3D打印机并打印成陶瓷预坯体YT;II)把陶瓷预坯体YT置于固化剂B中固化,然后室温阴干获得固化的陶瓷坯体GT;III)获得的陶瓷坯体GT在高温烧结除去有机物后可获得含有丰富的、孔径小于10微米的开口微孔陶瓷。

Description

用于3D打印制备具有开口微孔陶瓷的组合物及使用方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于3D打印的材料,更具体的讲,本发明涉及一种用于3D 打印制备具有开口微孔陶瓷的组合物及其的使用方法,属于3D打印材料领域。
背景技术
使用3D打印技术制备具有特定结构的陶瓷正成为3D打印技术领域一个重要方向。其中,结合不同3D打印技术研发对应的可打印陶瓷材料成为该技术的一个关键研发方向。目前,已有不同的可用于3D打印的陶瓷材料被陆续开发出来。例如,为匹配选区激光烧结(简称SLS)打印技术,对应的陶瓷粉末和某一种粘结剂粉末所组成的混合物已经被开发出来;为结合分层实体制造(简称LOM),原料为陶瓷膜的打印材料已经被开发出来;为使用熔化沉积造型(简称FDM)技术,对应的含陶瓷颗粒的聚合物纤维已经被开发出来。为使用喷墨打印法(简称IJM),不同的陶瓷浆料已经被制备等。尽管如此,使用当前的可3D打印用陶瓷材料制备的陶瓷在10微米以下尺度范围都缺乏开口微孔,这就限制了陶瓷的功能和应用,特别是限制了3D打印制备的陶瓷在生物、液体过滤、工业催化等领域的应用。
为了获得具有开口孔的微孔陶瓷,最近一个名称为“一种开口孔微孔陶瓷的制备方法”(申请号:201710341032.1)的专利报道了把含有聚丙烯酸钠、粘结剂、不饱和烯单体、N,N-亚甲基-双丙烯酰胺、过硫酸铵和陶瓷粉末的陶瓷浆料与四甲基乙二胺混合并预成型体,然后在经历后处理和高温烧结后可以获得具有开口孔的微孔陶瓷。然而,由此专利报道的陶瓷浆料是否可以用于3D打印用材料是未知的,而且把四甲基乙二胺与陶瓷浆料混合然后预成型体的方法用于3D打印制备陶瓷是不可行的,因为四甲基乙二胺是固化剂,一旦与该专利报道的陶瓷浆料混合后,陶瓷浆料会快速固化而失去流动性,因而不适合应用于3D打印。
因此,现有3D打印材料中还没有能用于3D打印制备具有开口微孔陶瓷的材料和对应的使用方法。
发明内容
针对当前用于3D打印的陶瓷材料不能获得具有开口微孔的陶瓷的缺点,本发明提出一种可以获得具有开口微孔陶瓷的3D打印用陶瓷组合物及其的使用方法。
本发明所述的技术方案为:一种用于3D打印制备具有开口微孔陶瓷的组合物,其是由3D打印用浆料A和固化剂B构成,其中,3D打印用浆料A包含如下组分:陶瓷粉末、水、分散剂、粘结剂、不饱和烯单体、多烯交联剂和过硫酸铵;固化剂B是含四甲基乙二胺的水溶液。
进一步地,以重量百分比计,所述的3D打印用浆料A中的陶瓷粉末、水、分散剂、粘结剂、不饱和烯单体、多烯交联剂和过硫酸铵的重量比值分别为20%-60%、20%-60%、0.2%-4%、0.5%-10%、3%-20%、0.1%-4%和0.1&-2%,优选地,重量比值分别为30%-50%、30%-50%、0.5%-2%、1%-4%、10%-20%、1%-2%和0.5%-1%。
进一步地,所述的陶瓷粉末的颗粒直径为0.01-50微米,优选0.01-10微米。
进一步地,所述的陶瓷粉末是磷酸钙、氧化铝、氧化锆、碳化硅、氮化硅、氧化硅、氧化钛、或者它们的组合物。
进一步地,所述的分散剂是聚丙烯酸钠,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、或它们的混合形成的组合物。
进一步地,所述的粘结剂是聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、水溶性纤维素、或它们的混合形成的组合物。
进一步地,所述的不饱和烯单体是丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸盐类、甲基丙烯酸盐类、丙烯酸酯类、甲基丙烯酸之类、丙烯酸酯的盐类或脂类、甲基丙烯酸的盐类或酸类、丙烯酸的酰胺类、甲基丙烯酸的酰胺类、丙烯酸的N-烷基酰胺类、甲基丙烯酸的N-烷基丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸的N- 烷基酰胺类的盐类和酸类、甲基丙烯酸的N-烷基酰胺类的盐类和酸类、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酰胺衍生物、甲基丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺衍生物中的一种或一种以上。
进一步地,所述的多烯交联剂是N,N-亚甲基-双丙烯酰胺、二(甲基)丙烯酸乙二醇酯、呱嗪二丙烯酰胺、戊二醛、表氯醇、含1,2二醇结构的交联剂、含功能肽的交联剂和含蛋白质的交联剂。
进一步地,固化剂B中四甲基乙二胺与水的体积比为0%-10%,优选0.5%-3%。
本发明所述的用于3D打印制备具有开口微孔陶瓷的组合物,其的使用方法包含如下步骤:
I) 3D打印陶瓷预坯体:采用喷墨打印法将3D打印浆料A注入3D打印机并打印成陶瓷预坯体YT;
II) 陶瓷预坯体YT固化:把陶瓷预坯体YT置于固化剂B中固化,然后室温阴干获得固化的陶瓷坯体GT;
III) 高温烧结:把固化的陶瓷坯体GT在空气中进行高温烧结除去有机物,获得具有开口微孔陶瓷。
发明人注意到专利201710341032.1在制备陶瓷坯体过程中,是把四甲基乙二胺与陶瓷浆料混合后再预成陶瓷坯体。然而如此的方法用于本发明是不可行的,因为在打印陶瓷浆料A前把含四甲基乙二胺的固化剂B与陶瓷浆料A混合,陶瓷浆料A会固化而丧失流动性,从而不能进行3D打印。而在本发明中,本发明预先打印不含固化剂B的浆料A,然后使用固化剂B对打印成型的陶瓷预坯体YT进行固化,不但可以避免损失陶瓷浆料A在打印过程中的流动性,而且可以获得具有很好力学强度的陶瓷坯体GT。
本发明具有以下特点及有益的技术效果:
本发明的用于3D打印的陶瓷组合物,其3D打印浆料A的流动性好,在打印过程中不会堵口,打印成型效果极佳,而且在打印成型并在使用固化剂B固化后形成的坯体是近净成形,而且形成的陶瓷坯体的力学强度高,不会开裂和形变。
本发明的组合物主要是水作为液相,所以在陶瓷坯体的这个制备过程不会对环境造成污染。
使用本发明的组合物打印制备的陶瓷坯体,在后续经过高温烧结除去有机物后,采用Hitachi S-4800电子扫描电镜进行测试证实,如图2和图3,形成了具有丰富的、孔径小于10微米的开孔微孔陶瓷,且力学强度高。
本发明的组合物配制简单、制造成本较低、可规模化生产。而且由于获得的最终陶瓷产品的可以在生物、催化、过滤等领域广泛应用,所以本发明的组合物有好的市场应用前景。
附图说明:
图1是本发明实施例中陶瓷颗粒大小对3D打印用陶瓷浆料A的流动性影响;
图2是本发明实施例中构成的开口微孔羟基磷灰石陶瓷的SEM照片;
图3是本发明实施例中构成的开口微孔羟基磷灰石陶瓷的局部放大的SEM照片。
具体实施方式
下面用具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明,但不应理解为是对本发明保护内容的任何限定。
一、用于3D打印制备具有开口微孔陶瓷的组合物
3D打印用陶瓷浆料A的配制: 把陶瓷粉末、水、分散剂、粘结剂、不饱和烯单体、多烯交联剂、过硫酸铵按照重量比值分别为20-60%、20-60%、0.2%-4%、0.5%-10%、3%-20%、0.1-4%和0.1-2%进行配制成3D打印用陶瓷浆料A。
根据本发明3D打印用陶瓷浆料A中的不同原料配比的变化,其3D打印用陶瓷浆料A的性质会有一定变化,具体的变化主要从可打印陶瓷浆料A的流动性以及打印后陶瓷坯体的成型性来比较。表1展示在按照不同原料重量比值范围内,原料重量比值的变化所配制的3D打印用陶瓷浆料A的性质的变化。根据这些结果,本发明优选按照重量比分别为30%-50%、30%-50%、0.5%-2%、1%-4%、10%-20%、1%-2%和0.5%-1%的原料比值来配制3D打印用陶瓷浆料A。
表 1
陶瓷粉末 分散剂 粘结剂 不饱和烯单体 多烯交联剂 过硫酸铵 流动性 成型性 成瓷性
1 30% 30% 1% 2% 10% 1% 0.5% H H M
2 30% 60% 1% 2% 10% 1% 0.5% H L L
3 60% 30% 2% 2% 10% 1% 0.5% L H H
4 60% 45% 2% 2% 10% 1% 0.5% M H H
5 45% 45% 1.5% 2% 10% 1% 0.5% H H H
6 45% 45% 1.5% 2% 20% 1% 0.5% H M M
7 45% 45% 1.5% 2% 10% 4% 0.5% H H H
8 45% 45% 1.5% 2% 10% 1% 2% M H H
9 45% 45% 4% 10% 10% 1% 0.5% H H M
10 20% 20% 1% 2% 10% 1% 0.5% H H L
在表1中,“H”表示高,“M”表示一般,“L”表示低。使用的陶瓷粉末是直径为1微米的羟基磷灰石,分散剂是聚丙烯酸钠、粘结剂是羟丙基甲基纤维素、不饱和烯是单体甲基丙烯酰胺,多烯交联剂是N,N-亚甲基-双丙烯酰胺。
陶瓷粉末的颗粒直径大小会影响3D打印用陶瓷浆料A的流动性。采用GeminiAdvanced应力控制流变仪测试结果展示,如图1,陶瓷的颗粒越小,3D打印用陶瓷浆料A的流动性越好,因此,本发明优选直径为0.01-10微米的陶瓷颗粒用于本发明用组合物。
使用不同陶瓷粉末,包括磷酸钙、氧化铝、氧化锆、碳化硅、氮化硅、氧化硅、氧化钛、或者它们的组合物并不影响3D打印用陶瓷浆料A的流动性、成型性和成瓷性。
固化剂B的配制:把体积比为0%-10%四甲基乙二胺滴加入去离子水中并充分混合获得含四甲基乙二胺的水溶液。四甲基乙二胺的量的适当减小并不显著影响陶瓷预坯体YT的固化,因此,优选0.5 %-3%四甲基乙二胺水溶液作为固化剂B。
然而,当不使用四甲基乙二胺固化陶瓷预坯体YT,也即是固化剂中四甲基乙二胺含量为0%时,陶瓷预坯体YT也会固化,但是固化将会很慢,通常需要1-10天才能固化,因此,使用一定剂量的四甲基乙二胺快速固化陶瓷预坯体YT是必要的,可以加速产品的成型。
二、用于3D打印制备具有开口微孔陶瓷的组合物的使用方法
I) 采用喷墨打印法将3D打印浆料A注入3D打印机并打印成陶瓷预坯体;
II) 陶瓷预坯体YT固化:把陶瓷预坯体YT置于固化剂B中固化,然后室温阴干获得固化的陶瓷坯体GT;
III) 高温烧结:把固化的陶瓷坯体GT在空气中进行高温烧结除去有机物,获得具有开口微孔陶瓷。
根据选择使用不同的陶瓷粉末作为起始原料,其在高温烧结的温度不同。例如,当选择羟基磷灰石作为陶瓷粉末,选择在1100℃的烧结6小时,当选择氧化铝作为陶瓷粉末,则需要选择在1600℃的烧结6小时,当选择氧化钛作为陶瓷粉末,则只需要选择在900℃的烧结6小时。图2和图3展示了使用羟基磷灰石作为陶瓷粉末,在1100℃烧结6小时后获得的陶瓷,具有丰富的开口微孔。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于3D打印制备具有开口微孔陶瓷的组合物,其是由3D打印用浆料A和固化剂B构成,其中,3D打印用浆料A包含如下组分:陶瓷粉末、水、分散剂、粘结剂、不饱和烯单体、多烯交联剂和过硫酸铵;固化剂B是含四甲基乙二胺的水溶液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于3D打印制备具有开口微孔陶瓷的组合物,其特征在于,以重量百分比计,所述的3D打印用浆料A中的陶瓷粉末、水、分散剂、粘结剂、不饱和烯单体、多烯交联剂和过硫酸铵的重量比值分别为20%-60%、20%-60%、0.2%-4%、0.5%-10%、3%-20%、0.1%-4%和0.1&-2%;优选地,重量比值分别为30%-50%、30%-50%、0.5%-2%、1%-4%、10%-20%、1%-2%和0.5%-1%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于3D打印制备具有开口微孔陶瓷的组合物,其特征在于,所述的陶瓷粉末的颗粒直径为0.01-50微米,优选0.01-10微米。
4.根据权利要求1-3所述的用于3D打印制备具有开口微孔陶瓷的组合物,其特征在于,所述的陶瓷粉末是磷酸钙、氧化铝、氧化锆、碳化硅、氮化硅、氧化硅、氧化钛、或者它们的组合物。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于3D打印制备具有开口微孔陶瓷的组合物,其特征在于,所述的分散剂是聚丙烯酸钠,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、或它们的混合形成的组合物。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于3D打印制备具有开口微孔陶瓷的组合物,其特征在于,所述的粘结剂是聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、水溶性纤维素、或它们的混合形成的组合物。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于3D打印制备具有开口微孔陶瓷的组合物,其特征在于,所述的不饱和烯单体是丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸盐类、甲基丙烯酸盐类、丙烯酸酯类、甲基丙烯酸之类、丙烯酸酯的盐类或脂类、甲基丙烯酸的盐类或酸类、丙烯酸的酰胺类、甲基丙烯酸的酰胺类、丙烯酸的N-烷基酰胺类、甲基丙烯酸的N-烷基丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸的N-烷基酰胺类的盐类和酸类、甲基丙烯酸的N-烷基酰胺类的盐类和酸类、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酰胺衍生物、甲基丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺衍生物中的一种或一种以上,优选甲基丙烯酰胺和甲基丙烯酸,更优选甲基丙烯酰胺。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于3D打印制备具有开口微孔陶瓷的组合物,其特征在于,所述的交联剂是N,N-亚甲基-双丙烯酰胺、二(甲基)丙烯酸乙二醇酯、呱嗪二丙烯酰胺、戊二醛、表氯醇、含1,2二醇结构的交联剂、含功能肽的交联剂和含蛋白质的交联剂。
9.根据权利要求1所述的用于3D打印制备具有开口微孔陶瓷的组合物,其特征在于,固化剂B中四甲基乙二胺与水的体积比为0%-10%,优选0.5%-3%。
10.一种采用根据权利要求1-9所述的用于3D打印制备具有开口微孔陶瓷的组合物的使用方法,包含如下步骤:
I) 3D打印陶瓷预坯体:采用喷墨打印法将3D打印浆料A注入3D打印机并打印成陶瓷预坯体YT;
II) 陶瓷预坯体YT固化:把陶瓷预坯体YT置于固化剂B中固化,然后室温阴干获得固化的陶瓷坯体GT;
III) 高温烧结:把固化的陶瓷坯体GT在空气中进行高温烧结除去有机物,获得具有开口微孔陶瓷。
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