CN107310376A - 车辆及车辆的控制方法 - Google Patents
车辆及车辆的控制方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107310376A CN107310376A CN201710245594.6A CN201710245594A CN107310376A CN 107310376 A CN107310376 A CN 107310376A CN 201710245594 A CN201710245594 A CN 201710245594A CN 107310376 A CN107310376 A CN 107310376A
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- power
- speed
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- motor
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
- F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
- F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
- F16H61/0213—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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- B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
- B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
- B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
- B60K6/543—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
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- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
- B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
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- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
- F16H3/727—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
- F16H3/728—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
- F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
- F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
- F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/0021—Generation or control of line pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
- F16H61/06—Smoothing ratio shift by controlling rate of change of fluid pressure
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- F16H61/702—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for change-speed gearing in group arrangement, i.e. with separate change-speed gear trains arranged in series, e.g. range or overdrive-type gearing arrangements using electric or electrohydraulic control means
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种车辆以及该车辆的控制方法。在一种包括发动机、驱动轮、动力传递系统,以及电子控制单元的车辆中,在自动变速器的变速期间,当发动机的动力命令值越大,将离合器的液压命令值设定为越高的值,使得根据作为发动机转速和发动机转矩的乘积的发动机动力而不是发动机的转矩等,在电子式无级变速器和自动变速器中进行变速比的切换或改变。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种车辆以及该车辆的控制方法。该车辆包括串联布置的无级变速器和有级变速器。
背景技术
在公开号为2006-9942的日本专利申请(JP 2006-9942A)中公开了一种包括发动机、无级变速器和有级变速器的车辆用驱动系统。无级变速器将发动机的动力朝向驱动轮传递。有级变速器提供无级变速器和驱动轮之间的动力传递路径的一部分,并且通过接合/释放液压接合装置来进行有级变速器的变速。JP 2006-9942A的车辆用驱动系统包括电子式无级变速器、第一电机、第二电机和有级变速器。在电子式无级变速器中,控制第一电机的工作状态,从而控制差动机构的差动状态。第二电机联接到电子式无级变速器的输出旋转构件。有级变速器提供电子式无级变速部与驱动轮之间的动力传递路径的一部分。有级变速器为行星齿轮式。车辆用驱动系统的控制系统基于第一电机的电流值和第二电机的电流值来计算出第一电机的反作用力转矩和第二电机的输出转矩,并且基于如此计算出的每个转矩来估计有级变速器的输入转矩。第一电机的反作用力转矩经由差动机构从发动机机械地向有级变速器的输入侧传递。控制系统基于所估计的输入转矩来控制与有级变速器的变速相关联的接合装置的过渡液压。
发明内容
在包括串联布置的无级变速器和有级变速器的车辆动力传递系统中,可以与有级变速器的输入转速的控制分开地或独立地来控制发动机转速。因此,在有级变速器的变速期间,通过基于有级变速器的输入转矩来控制接合装置的液压,可以控制有级变速器的输入转速。同时,当在有级变速器的变速期间同时控制发动机转速时,控制将变得复杂。在这方面,发动机转速的变化率被认为对于驾驶性能具有很大的贡献。因此,在有级变速器的变速期间,即使当通过考虑了有级变速器的输入转矩来如期望地进行有级变速器的变速控制本身时,也可能无法如期望地进行发动机转速的控制。即,发动机转速可能无法以目标方式来改变。结果,发动机转速的变化率相对于有级变速器的变速的进行程度(例如,有级变速器的输入旋转构件的转速的变化率)可能被延迟或提前。因此,驾驶员可能会感到奇怪或不舒服。
本发明提供了一种车辆以及该车辆的控制方法。所述车辆具有包括串联布置的无级变速器和有级变速器的动力传递系统,所述动力传递系统能够减少由于发动机转速的变化率与有级变速器的变速的进行程度之间的差距而导致的驾驶性能的劣化。
本发明的第一方案是一种车辆。所述车辆包括发动机、驱动轮、动力传递系统以及电子控制单元。所述动力传递系统包括无级变速器和有级变速器。所述无级变速器被构造为将所述发动机的动力向所述驱动轮传递。所述有级变速器提供了所述无级变速器和所述驱动轮之间的动力传递路径的一部分。所述有级变速器包括液压式接合装置。通过所述接合装置的工作来进行所述有级变速器的变速。电子控制单元被配置为在所述有级变速器的变速期间,当所述发动机的动力命令值越大,将所述接合装置的液压命令值设定为越高的值。
在如上所述的车辆中,电子控制单元可以被配置为在所述有级变速器的变速期间,基于在所述无级变速器和所述有级变速器中变速的进行所要求的第一动力来设定所述接合装置的所述液压命令值。所述电子控制单元可以被配置为,当所述第一动力越小,将所述接合装置的所述液压命令值设定为越高的值。
在如上所述的车辆中,所述电子控制单元可以被配置为,通过将所述有级变速器的变速前后的所述无级变速器和所述有级变速器中的旋转能量差除以所述有级变速器的目标变速时间来计算变速的进行所要求的所述第一动力。
在如上所述的车辆中,所述电子控制单元可以被配置为当所述有级变速器的输出旋转构件的转速越高,将所述第一动力设定为越大的值。所述电子控制单元可以被配置为当所述有级变速器变速前后的所述有级变速器的档位的齿数比之间的差越大,将所述第一动力设定为越大的值。
在如上所述的车辆中,所述电子控制单元可以被配置为基于通过从所述发动机的动力命令值中减去所述第一动力而计算出的第二动力来设定所述接合装置的所述液压命令值。所述电子控制单元可以被配置为,当所述第二动力越大,将所述接合装置的所述液压命令值设定为越高的值。
在如上所述的车辆中,无级变速器可以包括差动机构和第一电机。所述差动机构可以联接到所述发动机,使得动力在所述发动机和所述差动机构之间传递。所述第一电机可以联接到所述差动机构,使得动力在所述差动机构和所述第一电机之间传递。所述无级变速器可以是通过控制所述第一电机的工作状态来控制所述差动机构的差动状态的电子式无级变速器。所述动力传递系统可以进一步包括第二电机,其联接到所述电子式无级变速器的输出旋转构件,使得动力在所述第二电机和所述输出旋转构件之间传递。
在如上所述的车辆中,动力传递系统可以进一步包括蓄电装置,其向所述第一电机和所述第二电机中的每一个供给电力且从所述第一电机和所述第二电机中的每一个接收电力。电子控制单元可以被配置为不考虑所述蓄电装置的充电电力和放电电力而设定所述接合装置的所述液压命令值。
本发明的第二方案提供了一种车辆的控制方法。所述车辆包括发动机、驱动轮、动力传递系统和电子控制单元。动力传递系统包括无级变速器和有级变速器。无级变速器被构造为将所述发动机的动力向所述驱动轮传递。有级变速器提供了所述无级变速器和所述驱动轮之间的动力传递路径的一部分。所述有级变速器包括液压式接合装置。通过所述接合装置的工作来进行所述有级变速器的变速。所述控制方法包括:在所述有级变速器的变速期间,当所述发动机的动力命令值越大,由所述电子控制单元将所述接合装置的液压命令值设定为越高的值。
利用上述布置,在有级变速器的变速期间,当发动机的动力命令值越大,将接合装置的液压命令值设定为越高的值。因此,根据作为发动机转速和发动机转矩的乘积的发动机的动力而不是发动机的转矩等来进行变速。于是,在包括串联布置的无级变速器和有级变速器的车辆动力传递系统中,提高了有级变速器的变速期间的可控性,并且可以减少由于发动机转速的变化率与有级变速器的变速的进行程度之间的差距所导致的驾驶性能的恶化。
利用上述布置,在有级变速器的变速期间,基于无级变速器和有级变速器中变速的进行所要求的动力来设定接合装置的液压命令值,并且当变速的进行所要求的动力越小,将接合装置的液压命令值设定为越高的值。因此,根据变速的进行所要求的动力(即,当在变速期间有级变速器的输入旋转构件、发动机等改变转速时所要求的动力)来适当地设定接合装置的液压命令值。于是,可以减少由于发动机转速的变化率与有级变速器的变速的进行程度之间的差距所导致的驾驶性能的恶化。
利用上述布置,通过将有级变速器的变速前后的无级变速器和有级变速器中的旋转能量差除以有级变速器的目标变速时间来计算变速的进行所要求的动力。因此,可以基于变速的进行所要求的动力来适当设定接合装置的液压命令值。
利用上述布置,当有级变速器的输出旋转构件的转速越大,将变速的进行所要求的动力设定为越大的值,并当有级变速器变速前后所建立的档位的齿数比之间的差越大,将变速的进行所要求的动力设定为越大的值。因此,可以基于变速的进行所要求的动力来适当地设定接合装置的液压命令值。
利用上述布置,基于通过从发动机的动力命令值中减去变速的进行所要求的动力而计算出的动力来设定接合装置的液压命令值,并且当计算出的动力越大,将接合装置的液压命令值设定为越高的值。因此,根据变速的进行所要求的动力(即,当在变速期间有级变速器的输入旋转构件和发动机等改变转速时所要求的动力)来适当地设定接合装置的液压命令值。于是,可以减少由于发动机转速的变化率与有级变速器的变速的进行程度之间的差距所导致的驾驶性能的恶化。
利用上述布置,无级变速器是电子式无级变速器,并且车辆动力传递系统进一步包括第二电机,该第二电机联接到电子式无级变速器的输出旋转构件,使得能够在第二电机和输出旋转构件之间传递动力。于是,在无级变速器和有级变速器串联布置的车辆动力传递系统中,提高了有级变速器的变速期间的可控性,并且可以减少由于发动机转速的变化率与有级变速器的变速的进行程度之间的差距所导致的驾驶性能的恶化。
利用上述布置,可以不考虑向第一电机和第二电机中的每一个供给电力或从第一电机和第二电机中的每一个接收电力的蓄电装置的充电电力和放电电力而设定接合装置的液压命令值。因此,可以在蓄电装置既未充电也未放电的条件下(即,在蓄电装置的电力平衡为零的条件下)实现变速,并且能够不管由蓄电装置的温度、充电容量等所施加的蓄电装置的充电电力/放电电力的限制,而以高再现性实现变速控制。即,当设定接合装置的液压命令值时,可以通过有意地排除蓄电装置的充电电力/放电电力概念来以高再现性实现变速控制。
附图说明
下面将参照附图对本发明的示例性实施例的特征、优点以及技术和工业意义进行描述,其中相同的标号表示相同的元件,且其中:
图1是示意性地示出根据一个实施例的车辆中所包括的动力传递系统的构造的视图,且还是用于说明对于车辆中进行的各种控制的控制功能和控制系统的主要部分的视图;
图2是显示车辆正行驶时的动力分配机构中的各旋转元件的转速之间的相对关系的一个例子的列线图;
图3是示出自动变速器的一个例子的骨架图;
图4是说明图3所示的自动变速器的变速运转与在变速运转中使用的接合装置的运转状态的组合之间的关系的运转表;
图5是示出电子控制单元的控制操作,即在包括串联布置的电子式无级变速器和自动变速器的车辆的动力传递系统中,用于减少由于发动机转速的变化率与自动变速器的变速的进行程度之间的差距所导致的驾驶性能的劣化的控制操作的主要部分的流程图;以及
图6是示意性地显示根据另一实施例的车辆中所包括的动力传递系统的构造的视图。
具体实施方式
将参考附图对一些实施例进行详细描述。
图1示意性地示出了设置在应用本发明的车辆10中的动力传递系统12的构造,并且还用于说明对于在车辆10中进行的各种控制的控制系统的主要部分。在图1中,车辆10是包括发动机14、第一电机MG1和第二电机MG2的混合动力车辆。动力传递系统12包括动力分配机构16和自动变速器(AT)20。动力分配机构16是具有多个旋转元件(旋转构件)的差动机构。发动机14、第一电机MG1和第二电机MG2分别联接到旋转元件,使得动力能够在发动机14、第一电机MG1和第二电机MG2以及相应的旋转元件之间传递。自动变速器(AT)20布置在动力分配机构16和驱动轮18之间。在动力传递系统12中,从发动机14和第二电机MG2产生的动力(在没有特别彼此区分的情况下,其与转矩或力同义)向自动变速器20传递,然后从自动变速器20经由差动齿轮单元22等向驱动轮18传递。
发动机14是车辆10的主动力源,并且是诸如汽油发动机或柴油发动机的内燃机。通过后述的电子控制单元50对发动机14的诸如节气门开度θth或进气量、燃料供给量、点火正时等的工作条件进行控制,从而控制发动机转矩Te。
第一电机MG1和第二电机MG2具有作为电机的功能和作为发电机的功能。即,第一电机MG1和第二电机MG2是作为电机或发电机而选择性地运转的电动发电机。第一电机MG1和第二电机MG2中的每一个都经由包括在动力传递系统12中的逆变器24连接到包括在动力传递系统12中的电池26。随着逆变器24由将在后面描述的电子控制单元50控制,作为第一电机MG1和第二电机MG2中的每一个的输出转矩(或再生转矩)的MG1转矩Tg和MG2转矩Tm被控制。电池26是向第一电机MG1和第二电机MG2中的每一个供给电力且从第一电机MG1和第二电机MG2中的每一个接收电力的蓄电装置。
动力分配机构16是具有三个旋转元件(即太阳轮S、内齿圈R和支撑小齿轮P的行星齿轮架CA)的单小齿轮型行星齿轮单元,使得小齿轮P可以围绕自身旋转并围绕齿轮单元的轴线旋转。内齿圈R相对于太阳轮S同心地布置。小齿轮P被定位以便与太阳轮S和内齿圈R啮合。动力分配机构16起进行差动运转的差动机构的作用。在动力传递系统12中,发动机14经由减振器28联接到行星齿轮架CA,使得动力能够在发动机14和行星齿轮架CA之间传递。第一电机MG1联接到太阳轮S,使得动力可以在第一电机MG1和太阳轮S之间传递。第二电机MG2联接到内齿圈R,使得动力可以在第二电机MG2和内齿圈R之间传递。在动力分配机构16中,行星齿轮架CA起输入元件的作用。太阳轮S起反作用力元件的作用。内齿圈R起输出元件的作用。
图2的列线图示出动力分配机构16中各旋转元件的转速的相对关系。在该列线图中,纵轴S(g轴)、纵轴CA(e轴),以及纵轴R(m-轴)分别表示太阳轮S的转速、行星齿轮架CA的转速和内齿圈R的转速。在图2中,纵轴S、纵轴CA和纵轴R之间的间隔被设定为使得在纵轴S和纵轴CA之间的间隔为1的情况下,纵轴CA和纵轴R之间的间隔等于ρ。即,(动力分配机构16的齿数比ρ)=(太阳轮S的齿数Zs)/(内齿圈R的齿数Zr)。
在图2中,每条线(实线、虚线、双点划线)表示在允许车辆至少利用发动机14作为驱动源来行驶的混合动力行驶模式下的各旋转元件的相对转速。在混合动力行驶模式下,在动力分配机构16中,相对于由行星齿轮架CA接收到的发动机转矩Te,当作为由第一电机MG1产生的负转矩的反作用力转矩作为正旋转被施加给太阳轮S时,提供正转矩的发动机直达转矩Td(=Te/(1+ρ)=-(1/ρ)×Tg)作为正旋转出现在内齿圈R上。然后,根据要求的驱动力,发动机直达转矩Td和MG2转矩Tm的总和转矩或组合转矩作为沿车辆前进方向的驱动力经由自动变速器20向驱动轮18传递。此时,当第一电机MG1正旋转时,它起产生负转矩的发电机的作用。例如,由第一电机MG1产生的电力Wg被充电到电池26中或被第二电机MG2消耗。第二电机MG2使用产生的电力Wg的全部或一部分或者除了产生的电力Wg之外还使用来自电池26的电力来传送MG2转矩Tm。当由第二电机MG2消耗的电力Wm通过消耗产生的电力Wg的全部来获得,并且不包括来自电池26的任何电力时,电池26的充电电力/放电电力平衡变为等于零。
尽管在图2中未示出,但在用于电机行驶模式下的动力分配机构16的列线图中,行星齿轮架CA不旋转(即,以零速度旋转),并且提供正转矩的MG2转矩Tm作为正旋转被施加给内齿圈R。电机行驶模式是在发动机14停止的情况下允许车辆使用第二电机MG2作为驱动源来行驶的模式。此时,联接到太阳轮S的第一电机MG1被置于无负载条件下,并且在负方向上空转。即,在电机行驶模式下,发动机14未被驱动,且发动机转速ωe等于零,同时MG2转矩Tm(这里为正旋转的动力运行转矩)作为沿车辆前进方向的驱动力经由自动变速器20向驱动轮18传递。
动力传递系统12包括动力分配机构16,动力分配机构16具有三个旋转元件,即,发动机14运转地联接到其的作为第一旋转元件RE1的行星齿轮架CA,作为用于差动运转的电动机的第一电机MG1运转地联接到其的作为第二旋转元件RE2的太阳轮S,以及作为用于使车辆行驶的电机的第二电机MG2运转地联接到其的作为第三旋转元件RE3的内齿圈R。在动力传递系统12中,作为电子式变速器(电子式差动机构)的电子式无级变速器30(参见图1)被构造,其中,控制第一电机MG1的工作状态,从而控制动力分配机构16的差动状态。也就是,电子式无级变速器30具有动力分配机构16,和运转地联接到动力分配机构16的第一电机MG1,并且该电子式无级变速器30被构造为控制第一电机MG1的工作状态从而控制动力分配机构16的差动状态的电子式无级变速器。电子式无级变速器30被构造作为改变变速比γ0(=发动机转速ωe/MG2转速ωm)的电子式无级变速器来运转。电子式无级变速器30是将发动机14的动力向驱动轮18传递的无级变速器的一个示例。
回顾图1,自动变速器20是提供电子式无级变速器30(更具体地,作为电子式无级变速器30的输出旋转构件的传递构件32)与驱动轮18之间的动力传递路径的一部分的机械式变速器。传递构件32与内齿圈R一体地联接。传递构件32还与作为自动变速器20的输入旋转构件的变速器输入轴(AT输入轴)34一体地联接。第二电机MG2联接到传递构件32,使得动力能够在第二电机MG2和传递构件32之间传递。动力传递系统12包括串联布置的电子式无级变速器30和自动变速器20。例如,自动变速器20是具有两个或更多个行星齿轮单元和两个或更多个接合装置的已知的行星齿轮式自动变速器。自动变速器20通过接合和释放两个或更多个接合装置中选定的接合装置(即,通过切换接合装置的接合状态和释放状态)来进行所谓的离合器至离合器变速。即,自动变速器20是通过接合装置的接合和释放控制来实行变速(即,改变变速比),从而形成具有不同的变速比(齿数比)γat(=AT输入转速ωi/AT输出转速ωo)的两个或更多个变速位置(档位)中所选择的一个的有级变速器。
上述两个或更多个接合装置是在接收来自发动机14和第二电机MG2的动力的变速器输入轴34和传递动力到驱动轮18的变速器输出轴(AT输出轴)36之间传递旋转和转矩的液压摩擦装置。变速器输出轴36是自动变速器20的输出旋转构件。每个接合装置的转矩容量(离合器转矩)通过借助于包括在自动变速器20的液压控制回路38中的电磁阀等来调节接合液压(离合器压力)来改变,从而控制接合装置的接合和释放。在本实施例中,为了方便起见,将两个或更多的接合装置称为“离合器C”,但离合器C除了离合器之外还包括制动器等。
在这方面,例如,每个离合器C的离合器转矩由离合器C的摩擦材料的摩擦系数和按压摩擦板所用的离合器液压来确定。为了在变速器输入轴34和变速器输出轴36之间传递转矩(例如,作为施加给变速器输入轴34的转矩的AT输入转矩Ti),而不使离合器C滑动,即,不引起离合器C的转速差,提供离合器传递转矩部分(即,分配给每个离合器C的转矩)作为需要由每个离合器C接收和传递的转矩的一部分的离合器转矩是有必要的。然而,应当注意,即使当为每个离合器C提供离合器传递转矩部分的离合器转矩增加时,离合器传递转矩也不增加。即,离合器转矩对应于能够经由离合器C传递的最大转矩,而离合器传递转矩对应于经由离合器C实际传递的转矩。因此,在离合器C中产生转速差的条件下,离合器转矩对应于离合器传递转矩。除了供给用于消除一组离合器C的间隙所要求的离合器液压的区域之外,离合器转矩(或离合器传递转矩)和离合器液压都具有大体上成比例的关系。
图3是示出自动变速器20的一个示例的骨架图。自动变速器20相对于变速器输入轴34的轴线X大致对称构造,则自动变速器20在轴线X下方的下半部未在图3中示出。在图3中,自动变速器20包括均具有旋转元件(太阳轮S1、S2、行星齿轮架CA1、CA2和内齿圈R1、R2)的第一行星齿轮单元21a和第二行星齿轮单元21b。第一行星齿轮单元21a和第二行星齿轮单元21b的旋转元件中的每一个都直接地或者经由离合器C(离合器C1、C2或制动器B1、B2)或单向离合器F1间接地(或选择性地)联接到另一个旋转元件,或者联接到变速器输入轴34、作为非旋转构件的壳体40,或变速器输出轴36。如图4的接合运转表所示,根据驾驶员的加速运转、车速V等,通过离合器C中每一个的接合/释放控制,自动变速器20被置于四个前进档位中所选择的一个档位下。在图4中,“1st”到“4th”表示作为前进档位的第一速档位到第四速档位。图4的接合运转表示出了上述档位中的每一个与离合器C的相应运转状态之间的关系。在图4中,“○”表示接合状态,且“△”表示当施加发动机制动时的接合状态,而空白表示释放状态。由于单向离合器F1与建立第一速档位“1st”的制动器B2并行设置,因此当车辆起动(或加速)时不需要接合制动器B2。
回顾图1,车辆10具有包括例如动力传递系统12的控制系统的电子控制单元50。图1示出了电子控制单元50的输入/输出系统,并且还是用于解释由电子控制单元50进行的控制功能的主要部分的功能框图。电子控制单元50包括具有CPU、RAM、ROM、输入/输出接口等的所谓的微型计算机。电子控制单元50在利用RAM的暂时存储功能的同时,通过根据预先存储在ROM中的程序进行信号处理来进行车辆10的各种控制。例如,电子控制单元50进行发动机14的输出控制、第一电机MG1和第二电机MG2中的每一个的输出控制(包括再生控制)、自动变速器20的变速控制等,并且根据需要被配置为划分为用于发动机控制、电机控制、液压控制(变速控制)等的子单元。
电子控制单元50被供给有基于由包括在车辆10中的各种传感器检测到的检测信号的各种实际值。传感器例如包括发动机转速传感器60、诸如分解器的电机转速传感器62、64、车速传感器66、加速踏板位置传感器68和节气门开度传感器70。上述实际值例如包括作为发动机14的转速(角速度)的发动机转速ωe、作为第一电机MG1的转速(角速度)的MG1转速ωg、作为对应于作为变速器输入轴34的转速(角速度)的AT输入转速ωi的第二电机MG2的转速(角速度)的MG2转速ωm、作为与车速V对应的变速器输出轴36的转速(角速度)的AT输出转速ωo、作为表示由驾驶员要求的加速量的加速踏板的运转量的加速踏板行程θacc、作为电子节气门的开度的节气门开度θth等。电子控制单元50产生用于发动机14的输出控制的发动机输出控制命令信号Se、用于运转控制第一电机MG1和第二电机MG2的逆变器24的电机控制命令信号Smg、用于控制与自动变速器20的变速相关联的离合器C的液压控制命令信号Sp等。例如,液压控制命令信号Sp是用于驱动调节向离合器C中的每一个的液压致动器供给每个离合器压力的每个电磁阀的命令信号(驱动电流)。液压控制命令信号Sp产生给液压控制回路38。电子控制单元50设定与供给液压致动器的每个离合器压力的值相对应的液压命令值,并且产生与液压命令值对应的驱动电流。
电子控制单元50包括混合动力控制工具或混合动力控制器52、以及变速控制工具或变速控制器54,以便在车辆10中实施各种控制。
混合动力控制器52具有作为用于控制发动机14的运转的发动机运转控制工具或发动机运转控制器55的功能,以及作为用于经由逆变器24控制第一电机MG1和第二电机MG2的运转的电机运转控制工具或电机运转控制器56的功能。混合动力控制器52使用这些控制功能来对发动机14、第一电机MG1和第二电机MG2进行混合动力驱动控制等。更具体地,混合动力控制器52通过将加速踏板行程θacc和车速V应用于经验地或理论上预先获得并存储的预定关系(例如,驱动力映射图)来计算要求驱动转矩Tdem(即,当前车速V下的要求驱动力Pdem)。混合动力控制器52输出用于控制发动机14、第一电机MG1和第二电机MG2的命令信号(发动机输出控制命令信号Se和电机控制命令信号Smg),以便在考虑了发动机最佳燃料效率点,传递损失、辅助设备负载、自动变速器20的齿数比γat、电池26的可充电电力Win/可放电电力Wout等情况下实现要求驱动力Pdem。作为控制的结果,电子式无级变速器30的变速比γ0被控制。发动机输出控制命令信号Se是发动机14的动力命令值(其将被称为“发动机动力命令值Pet”)。例如,电机控制命令信号Smg是传送发动机转矩Te的反作用力转矩(MG1转矩Tg)的第一电机MG1的产生电力Wg的命令值,或者传送MG2转矩Tm的第二电机MG2的消耗电力Wm的命令值。
变速控制器54根据预定关系(变速图特性)判定自动变速器20是应当升档还是降档。当变速控制器54判定自动变速器20应当变速到某个档位时,它将用于接合和/或释放与自动变速器20的变速相关联的离合器C的液压控制命令信号Sp向液压控制回路38输出,从而建立如此判定的档位。
在包括串联布置的电子式无级变速器30和自动变速器20的动力传递系统12中,如图2所示,发动机转速ωe的控制(参照图2的实线和双点划线)可以与AT输入转速ωi的控制(参照图2的实线和虚线)分开进行(即,独立于自动变速器20的变速控制)。例如,在自动变速器20的变速控制中,通过设定与考虑了AT输入转矩Ti的变速相关联的离合器C的离合器压力,能够在自动变速器20的变速期间将AT输入转速ωi的变化率控制为目标变化率。然而,通过将AT输入转矩Ti考虑在内,难以在自动变速器20的变速的同时控制发动机转速ωe。尽管可以设想考虑了发动机14、第一电机MG1和第二电机MG2中的每一个联接到其的电子式无级变速器30中的每个轴的转矩来控制发动机转速ωe,但是控制将是复杂的。此外,在动力(电力)的限制范围内(例如,电池26的可充电电力Win/可放电电力Wout,或电机本身的额定值),按照动力(产生的电力Wg和消耗的电力Wm)来控制第一电机MG1和第二电机MG2;因此,当按照转矩来控制自动变速器20时,兼容性降低。同时,由于认为发动机转速的变化率对于驾驶性能具有很大的贡献,因此期望适当地控制发动机转速的变化率。
因此,电子控制单元50进一步包括液压命令值设定单元58,其在自动变速器20的变速期间基于发动机动力命令值Pet设定离合器C的液压命令值,以便实现在车辆使用被驱动的发动机正行驶的同时自动变速器20的变速期间降低驾驶性能的劣化的控制。即,在自动变速器20的变速期间,电子控制单元50基于发动机动力Pe而不是发动机14的转矩等来控制离合器C的离合器压力。通过基于动力而不是转矩设定离合器压力,无需考虑电子式无级变速器30中的每个轴的转矩,能够平衡整个系统(即例如,使AT输入转速ωi的变化率与作为上述进行程度的发动机转速ωe的变化率相匹配)。
服从上述控制的离合器C例如是与自动变速器20的变速相关联的接合装置中的主要进行变速的一侧上的接合装置。通常,关于作为被驱动状态下降档的油门开降档,释放侧上的接合装置的离合器转矩(离合器压力)被设定为使得能够通过滑动释放侧上的接合装置而自然地增大的AT输入转速ωi以目标变化率增大,从而进行降档。关于作为被驱动状态下的升档的油门开升档,施加侧上的接合装置的离合器转矩(离合器压力)被设定为使得AT输入转速ωi通过滑动施加侧上的接合装置以目标变化率减小(即,使得AT输入转速ωi被强制减小),从而进行升档。由此得出结论:待被控制的离合器C在油门开降档时为释放侧上的接合装置,而待被控制的离合器C在油门开升档时为施加侧上的接合装置。从主要进行变速的一侧上的接合装置的观点出发,待被控制的离合器C在油门闭升档时为释放侧上的接合装置,而待被控制的离合器C在油门闭降档时为施加侧上的接合装置。然而,由于在油门闭状态下发动机动力Pe减小,所以,这足以假设至少油门开状态作为待控制的行驶状态。
当变速控制器54确定自动变速器20处于变速中或改变变速比中时,液压命令值设定单元58设定如上所述待被控制的离合器C的液压命令值。将对设定离合器C的液压命令值的方法进行描述。
液压命令值设定单元58计算离合器C的离合器动力Pc,使得满足以下等式(1)的关系,并且基于离合器动力Pc设定实现离合器动力Pc的离合器C的离合器压力(液压命令值)。在以下的等式(1)中,离合器动力Pc通过从发动机动力命令值Pet中减去在自动变速器20的变速期间电子式无级变速器30和自动变速器20中的变速的进行所要求的动力Pi(将称为“变速进行动力Pi”)来计算出。即,离合器动力Pc是在自动变速器20的变速期间由离合器C消耗的动力。离合器动力Pc是由离合器C的离合器压力所确定的离合器转矩与离合器C的差动转速的乘积。变速进行动力Pi是当变速器输入轴34、发动机14等在变速期间改变转速时所需的动力,并且与电子式无级变速器30和自动变速器20中的旋转能量的变化率相匹配。变速进行动力Pi是第一动力的一个示例。离合器动力Pc是第二动力的一个示例。因此,在自动变速器20的变速期间,液压命令值设定单元58基于发动机动力命令值Pet来设定离合器C的液压命令值。此外,在自动变速器20的变速期间,液压命令值设定单元58基于变速进行动力Pi来设定离合器C的液压命令值。
Pc=Pet-Pi (1)
液压命令值设定单元58通过将自动变速器20的变速前后的电子式无级变速器30和自动变速器20中的旋转能量差ΔE(=Eaft-Ebfr)除以作为针对自动变速器20的每个变速类型(例如,2-3升档,3-2降档)预先确定的目标惯性相时间的自动变速器20的目标变速时间Tina来计算出变速进行动力Pi。液压命令值设定单元58根据以下等式(3)来计算旋转能量E。Eaft表示变速后的旋转能量,而Ebfr表示变速前的旋转能量。Im表示针对自动变速器20的每个档位所确定(其取决于自动变速器20中的离合器C的接合状态)的变速器输入轴34(即,第二电机MG2+自动变速器20)中的惯性。Ie表示发动机14的惯性。Ig表示第一电机MG1的惯性。通过将AT输出转速ωo乘以变速前后自动变速器20的档位中的齿数比来计算出变速前后的MG2转速ωm。根据车速V和自动变速器20的档位来设定变速前后的目标发动机转速ωet。根据基于动力分配机构16中的三个旋转元件的转速的相对关系预先确定的以下等式(4)来计算出变速前后的MG1转速ωg。
Pi=(Eaft-Ebfr)/Tina (2)
E=(Im×ωm2+Ie×ωet2+Ig×ωg2)/2 (3)
ωg=(1+ρ)/ρ×ωe-(1/ρ)×ωm (4)
液压命令值设定单元58根据使用上述等式(1)-(4)计算出的离合器动力Pc来设定离合器C的液压命令值。液压命令值设定单元58通过将离合器动力Pc除以在自动变速器20的变速的进行期间的预定的离合器C的差动转速来计算出离合器转矩,并且设定离合器C的液压命令值(用于获得计算出的离合器转矩)。替换地,液压命令值设定单元58将离合器动力Pc应用于预先确定的映射图,使得例如当离合器动力Pc越大时,离合器C的液压命令值越高,从而设定离合器C的液压命令值。因此,当离合器动力Pc越大时,液压命令值设定单元58将离合器C的液压命令值设定为越高的值。
从上述等式(1)明显看出,当发动机动力命令值Pet越大时,离合器动力Pc越大。因此,当发动机动力命令值Pet越大时,液压命令值设定单元58将离合器C的液压命令值设定为越高的值。从上述等式(1)明显看出,当变速进行动力Pi越小时,离合器动力Pc越大。因此,当变速进行动力Pi越小时,液压命令值设定单元58将离合器C的液压命令值设定为越高的值。
从上述等式(2)-(4)明显看出,可以基于变速前后自动变速器20的档位中的齿数比以及AT输出转速ωo来估计变速进行动力Pi。当AT输出转速ωo越大时,液压命令值设定部58将变速进行动力Pi设定为越大的值,且当变速前后自动变速器20的档位的齿数比之间的差越大时,液压命令值设定单元58将变速进行动力Pi设定为越大的值。因此,根据自动变速器20的变速前后的档位以及AT输出转速ωo的给定值可以被预先确定作为变速进行动力Pi。
如上所述,可以根据发动机动力命令值Pet和变速进行动力Pi(即,自动变速器20的变速前后的档位和AT输出转速ωo)来设定离合器动力Pc。因此,在根据离合器动力Pc设定离合器C的液压命令值时,根据发动机动力命令值Pet和变速进行动力Pi(自动变速器20的变速前后的档位、AT输出转速ωo)的给定值可以被预先确定作为离合器C的液压命令值。例如,液压命令值设定单元58使用预定的映射图来设定离合器C的液压命令值,使得当发动机动力命令值Pet越大时,离合器C的液压命令值越高,并且当变速进行动力Pi越小时,离合器C的液压命令值越高。
由于动力传递系统12包括电子式无级变速器30,所以自动变速器的变速期间的动力关系由以下等式(5)表示。电池电力Pbat是电池26的充电电力/放电电力(即电力平衡),即产生的电力Wg和消耗的电力Wm之间的差。例如,电池电力Pbat取决于电池26的诸如可充电电力Win/可放电电力Wout的电力的限制。在自动变速器20的变速期间,如果电池电力Pbat未被使用(即,假设电力平衡为零),则可以实行更稳定的液压控制,这从系统观点来说是有利的。即,如果排除电池电力Pbat的概念,则电子式无级变速器30和自动变速器20可以实现不依赖于电力平衡的变速(或者从不同的角度来说,旨在使电力平衡为零的变速)。因此,为了以高再现性实现高变速质量(从冲击、时间观点来说),液压命令值设定单元58设定离合器C的液压命令值,从而满足由上述等式(1)所表示的排除了电池电力Pbat的关系。即,液压命令值设定单元58不考虑电池26的电池电力Pbat而设定离合器C的液压命令值。
Pet+Pbat=Pc+Pi (5)
图5是示出电子控制单元50的控制运转,即在包括串联布置的电子式无级变速器30和自动变速器20的动力传递系统12中,用于减少由于发动机转速ωe的变化率与自动变速器20的变速的进行程度(例如,AT输入转速的变化率ωi)之间的差距所导致的驾驶性能的恶化的控制运转的主要部分的流程图。当车辆通过驱动发动机行驶时重复地执行图5的流程图中的控制例程。
在图5中,首先,在对应于变速控制器54的功能的步骤S10中,判定自动变速器20是否处于变速中。如果在步骤S10中做出否定的判定(否),则该例程的循环结束。如果在步骤S10中做出肯定的判定(是),则在对应于液压命令值设定单元58的功能的步骤S20中例如使用上述等式(2)或预定值(映射图)来计算出作为用于改变转速所要求的动力的变速进行动力Pi。接着,在对应于液压命令值设定单元58的功能的步骤S30中,由混合动力控制器52产生的发动机输出控制命令信号Se(发动机动力命令值Pet)被参考(获得)。然后,在对应于液压命令值设定单元58的功能的步骤S40中,例如利用上述等式(1)或预定值(映射图),基于发动机动力命令值Pet和变速进行动力Pi来设定离合器C的液压命令值。然后,在对应于变速控制器54的功能的步骤S50中,将离合器C的液压命令值(即,根据液压命令值的驱动电流)传送到液压控制回路38(即,调节离合器C的离合器压力的电磁阀)。
如上所述,根据本实施例,在自动变速器20的变速期间,当发动机动力命令值Pet越大时,将离合器C的液压命令值设定为越高的值;因此,根据作为发动机转速ωe和发动机转矩Te的乘积的发动机动力Pe而不是发动机14的转矩等来进行电子式无级变速器30和自动变速器20中的变速。因此,在具有串联布置的电子式无级变速器30和自动变速器20的动力传递系统12中,提高了自动变速器20在变速期间的可控性,并且可以减小由于发动机转速ωe变速率和自动变速器20的变速的进行程度之间的差距所导致的驾驶性能的恶化。
此外,根据本实施例,在自动变速器20的变速期间,基于变速进行动力Pi来设定离合器C的液压命令值,并且当变速进行动力Pi越小时,将离合器C的液压命令值设定为越高的值;因此,能够根据变速进行动力Pi适当地设定离合器C的液压命令值。因而能够减少由于发动机转速ωe的变化率和自动变速器20的变速的进行程度之间的差距所导致的驾驶性能的恶化。
此外,根据本实施例,通过将在自动变速器20的变速前后的电子式无级变速器30和自动变速器20中的旋转能量差ΔE(=Eaft-Ebfr)除以自动变速器20的目标变速时间Tina来计算出变速进行动力Pi。因此,基于变速进行动力Pi来适当地设定离合器C的液压命令值。
此外,根据本实施例,当AT输出转速ωo越大时,将变速进行动力Pi设定为越大的值,并且当在自动变速器20的变速前后建立的档位的齿数比之间的差越大时,将变速进行动力Pi设定为越大的值。因此,基于变速进行动力Pi来适当地设定离合器C的液压命令值。
此外,根据本实施例,基于通过从发动机动力命令值Pet减去变速进行动力Pi而计算出的离合器动力Pc来设定离合器C的液压命令值,并且当计算出的离合器动力Pc越大时,将离合器C的液压命令值设定为越高的值。因此,根据变速进行动力Pi来适当地设定离合器C的液压命令值。因而能够减少由于发动机转速ωe的变化率和自动变速器20的变速的进行程度之间的差距所导致的驾驶性能的恶化。
另外,根据本实施例,在不考虑电池26的电池电力Pbat的情况下设定离合器C的液压命令值,因此能够在电池26既未充电也未放电的条件下(即,在电池26的电力平衡为零的条件下)实现变速。结果,不管由电池26的温度、充电容量所施加的电池26的充电电力/放电电力的限制,都能够以高再现性来实现变速控制。即,当设定离合器C的液压命令值时,通过故意排除电池26的电池电力Pbat的概念,则能够以高再现性来实现变速控制。
尽管已经基于附图详细描述了一个实施例,但是本发明也可以以其他形式来被应用。
在所示的实施例中,作为电子式无级变速器的电子式无级变速器30已经被示出为将发动机14的动力向驱动轮18传递的无级变速器的示例。然而,本发明不限于使用这种类型的变速单元。将参考图6对另一实施例进行描述。无级变速器可以是例如如图6所示提供包括在车辆80中的车辆动力传递系统82的一部分的作为机械式无级变速器的已知的带轮式无级变速器84。在图6中,车辆动力传递系统82包括串联布置的无级变速器84和自动变速器20。总之,无论无级变速器是电子式无级变速器还是机械式无级变速器,本发明都可以被应用。当无级变速器是电子式无级变速器时,根据本发明,能够在考虑电力平衡的同时适当地改变变速比。
此外,在示出的实施例中,采用行星齿轮式自动变速器的形式的自动变速器20已经示出作为提供电子式无级变速器30和驱动轮18之间的动力传递路径的一部分的有级变速器的一个示例。然而,本发明不限于使用这种类型的变速器。例如,有级变速器可以是同步啮合平行双轴式自动变速器,其可以是双离合器变速器(DCT),或者是在高速档位和低速档位之间切换的辅助变速器。双离合器变速器在两个系统上都具有输入轴,使得离合器联接到每个系统的输入轴,并且这两个系统分别提供偶数档位和奇数档位
在所示的实施例中,不考虑电池26的电池电力Pbat而设定离合器C的液压命令值。然而,可以使用上述添加了电池电力Pbat的等式(5)来设定离合器C的液压命令值。在这种情况下,在自动变速器20的变速期间,可以控制电力平衡(例如,进入平衡不等于零的状况),从而依赖于电力的限制(例如,电池26的可充电电力Win/可放电电力Wout)。
此外,在所示的实施例中,动力分配机构16处于具有三个旋转元件的差动机构的形式。然而,本发明不限于这种布置。例如,即使当动力分配机构16是具有彼此联接的两个或更多个行星齿轮单元以提供四个或更多个旋转元件的差动机构时,也可以应用本发明。动力分配机构16还可以是双小齿轮型行星齿轮单元。动力分配机构16还可以是差动齿轮单元,其中由发动机14旋转或驱动的小齿轮以及与小齿轮啮合的一对锥齿轮运转地联接到第一电机MG1和传递构件32。
应当理解,上述实施例仅仅是示例,并且本发明可以基于本领域技术人员的知识利用各种变型或改进来具体实现。
Claims (8)
1.一种车辆,包括:
发动机;
驱动轮;
动力传递系统,其包括无级变速器和有级变速器,
所述无级变速器被构造为将所述发动机的动力向所述驱动轮传递,
所述有级变速器提供了所述无级变速器和所述驱动轮之间的动力传递路径的一部分,所述有级变速器包括液压式接合装置,通过所述接合装置的工作来进行所述有级变速器的变速;以及
电子控制单元,其被配置为在所述有级变速器的变速期间,当所述发动机的动力命令值越大,将所述接合装置的液压命令值设定为越高的值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆,其中:
所述电子控制单元被配置为在所述有级变速器的变速期间,基于在所述无级变速器和所述有级变速器中变速的进行所要求的第一动力来设定所述接合装置的所述液压命令值;并且
所述电子控制单元被配置为,当所述第一动力越小,将所述接合装置的所述液压命令值设定为越高的值。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆,其中
所述电子控制单元被配置为,通过将所述有级变速器的变速前后的所述无级变速器和所述有级变速器中的旋转能量差除以所述有级变速器的目标变速时间来计算所述变速的进行所要求的所述第一动力。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的车辆,其中:
所述电子控制单元被配置为当所述有级变速器的输出旋转构件的转速越高,将所述第一动力设定为越大的值;并且
所述电子控制单元被配置为当所述有级变速器变速前后的所述有级变速器的档位的齿数比之间的差越大,将所述第一动力设定为越大的值。
5.根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的车辆,其中:
所述电子控制单元被配置为基于通过从所述发动机的动力命令值中减去所述第一动力而计算出的第二动力来设定所述接合装置的所述液压命令值;并且
所述电子控制单元被配置为,当所述第二动力越大,将所述接合装置的所述液压命令值设定为越高的值。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的车辆,其中:
所述无级变速器包括差动机构和第一电机,
所述差动机构联接到所述发动机,使得动力在所述发动机和所述差动机构之间传递,
所述第一电机联接到所述差动机构,使得动力在所述差动机构和所述第一电机之间传递;
所述无级变速器是通过控制所述第一电机的工作状态来控制所述差动机构的差动状态的电子式无级变速器;并且
所述动力传递系统进一步包括第二电机,其联接到所述电子式无级变速器的输出旋转构件,使得动力在所述第二电机和所述输出旋转构件之间传递。
7.根据权利要求6所述的车辆,其中
所述动力传递系统进一步包括蓄电装置,其向所述第一电机和所述第二电机中的每一个供给电力且从所述第一电机和所述第二电机中的每一个接收电力;并且
所述电子控制单元被配置为不考虑所述蓄电装置的充电电力和放电电力而设定所述接合装置的所述液压命令值。
8.一种车辆的控制方法,
所述车辆包括发动机、驱动轮、动力传递系统和电子控制单元,
所述动力传递系统包括无级变速器和有级变速器,所述无级变速器被构造为将所述发动机的动力向所述驱动轮传递,所述有级变速器提供了所述无级变速器和所述驱动轮之间的动力传递路径的一部分,所述有级变速器包括液压式接合装置,并且通过所述接合装置的工作来进行所述有级变速器的变速,
所述控制方法,包括
在所述有级变速器的变速期间,当所述发动机的动力命令值越大,由所述电子控制单元将所述接合装置的液压命令值设定为越高的值。
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