CN107307904B - 具有柔性电路电极组件的灌注式球囊导管 - Google Patents
具有柔性电路电极组件的灌注式球囊导管 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107307904B CN107307904B CN201710294648.8A CN201710294648A CN107307904B CN 107307904 B CN107307904 B CN 107307904B CN 201710294648 A CN201710294648 A CN 201710294648A CN 107307904 B CN107307904 B CN 107307904B
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- electrophysiology catheter
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Abstract
本发明题为“具有柔性电路电极组件的灌注式球囊导管”。本发明公开了一种在肺静脉的管口中使用的灌注式球囊导管,其包括柔性电路电极组件,当所述球囊充胀时,所述柔性电路电极组件适于与所述管口周边接触。所述球囊导管适用于诊断和治疗应用和规程,并且可以与套索导管或病灶导管一起使用。所述柔性电路电极组件包括:基底;所述基底的外表面上的接触电极,所述接触电极具有包括纵向细长部分和多个横向指状物的“鱼骨”构型;所述基底的内表面上的布线电极;以及延伸穿过所述基底、并且电耦合所述接触电极和所述布线电极的导电通孔。具有排出区的微电极策略性地相对于所述电极定位。所述电极还可分为电极部分。
Description
相关专利申请的交叉引用
本申请是2016年4月28日提交的题为“METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING IRRIGATEDBALLOON CATHETER”的美国专利申请15/141,751的部分继续申请,并要求该申请的优先权和权益,该申请的全部内容以引用方式并入本文。本申请也是2016年6月2日提交的题为“BALLOON CATHETER AND RELATED IMPEDANCE-BASED METHODS FOR DETECTINGOCCLUSION”的美国专利申请15/172,118的部分继续申请,并要求该申请的优先权和权益,该申请的全部内容以引用方式并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗装置。更具体地讲,本发明涉及心导管插入术的改进,包括电生理(EP)导管,特别是用于在心脏中标测和/或消融管口和管状区域的EP导管。
背景技术
当心脏组织区域向相邻组织异常地传导电信号时,发生心律失常诸如心房纤颤,从而扰乱正常的心动周期并造成心律不齐。
用于治疗心律失常的规程包括以外科的方式扰乱造成心律失常的信号源,以及扰乱用于此类信号的传导通路。通过经由导管施加能量来选择性地消融心脏组织,有时可能停止或改变不需要的电信号从心脏的一部分到另一部分的传播。消融方法通过形成非导电消融灶来破坏不需要的电通路。
已创建了在肺静脉口处或靠近肺静脉口的周边消融灶以治疗房性心律失常。Lesh的美国专利6,012,457和6,024,740公开了包括射频电极的径向可膨胀的消融装置。为了建立周边传导阻滞,已提出使用该装置将射频能量传送到肺静脉,从而使肺静脉与左心房电隔离。
共同转让且以引用方式并入本文的Schwartz等人的美国专利6,814,733描述了一种导管引入设备,所述导管引入设备具有作为射频发射器的径向可膨胀的螺旋线圈。在一个应用中,以经皮的方式引入该发射器,并且该发射器经间隔地推进至肺静脉口。为了使该发射器与肺静脉的内壁周边接触,该发射器为径向膨胀的,这可以通过使锚固球囊充胀来完成,该发射器围绕锚固球囊进行封装。线圈由射频发生器供电,并且周边消融灶在肺静脉的心肌袖中产生,这有效地阻滞肺静脉和左心房之间的电传播。
Maguire等人的美国专利7,340,307中的另一个示例提出了一种通过消融在肺静脉从心房延伸的位置处的组织的周边区域来治疗房性心律失常的组织消融系统和方法。该系统包括具有消融元件的周边消融构件,并且包括用于将消融构件递送到所述位置的递送组件。周边消融构件在不同构型之间一般是可调节的,以允许在消融元件和组织的周边区域之间通过递送护套将消融构件递送到心房中以及消融耦合两种情况。
最近,可充胀导管电极组件已可用柔性电路构建,因而可在可充胀电极组件的外表面提供许多很小的电极。题为“Balloon for Ablation Around Pulmonary Vein”的美国专利公开2016/0175041中描述了导管球囊结构的示例,该公开的全部内容以引用方式并入本文。
柔性电路或柔性电子器件涉及通过将电子器件安装在诸如聚酰亚胺、液晶聚合物(LCP)、PEEK或透明导电聚酯膜(PET)的柔性塑性基底上来组装电子电路的技术。此外,柔性电路可以是聚酯上的丝网印刷银电路。柔性印刷电路(FPC)采用光刻技术制成。制备柔性箔电路或柔性扁平电缆(FFC)的一种另选方法是在两层PET之间层合非常薄(0.07mm)的铜带。这些PET层通常为0.05mm厚,涂覆有热固性粘合剂,并且将在层合过程期间活化。单面柔性电路具有单个导体层,该导体层由金属或导电性(填充有金属)聚合物制成,位于柔性介电膜上。部件接线端特征结构只能从一个侧面进入。在基膜中可形成洞以允许部件引线穿过,从而(通常通过焊接)互连。
然而,由于人体解剖结构的差异,心脏中管口和管状区域的尺寸各不相同。因此,常规球囊或可充胀导管可能无法同时满足适应不同的形状和尺寸的柔韧性以及足以与组织进行有效周边接触的结构支撑。具体地,能够提供更大表面接触的消融电极可能缺乏足够的柔韧性。此外,纤细线材(诸如电极引线和/或热电偶线的线材)及其焊点在患者体内组装和使用期间需要支撑和保护以免断裂和损坏。另外,由于球囊构型径向对称并且多个电极元件围绕球囊构型,因此在荧光镜透视检查下确定球囊电极组件的取向也非常困难。
因此,需要一种具有可充胀构件的球囊或导管,不仅可接触更大面积的组织,同时还保持足够的柔性以适应不同的解剖结构以及管口和肺静脉处的紧密空间限制。也需要一种承载电极组件的球囊导管,该电极组件可用柔性电路类制造并且能够适应管口和肺静脉。另外还需要一种能够实现多种功能(包括诊断和治疗功能,诸如消融、起搏、操纵、温度感测、电位感测和阻抗感测)并且适应与其它导管(包括套索导管或病灶导管)一起使用的球囊导管。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种具有适于在肺静脉口中使用的灌注式可充胀球囊的导管。球囊包括柔性电路电极组件,当球囊充胀时,该组件适于与管口周边接触。球囊导管非常适用于诊断和治疗应用和规程,并且可以与套索导管或病灶导管一起使用。
在一些实施方案中,适于在管口中使用的电生理导管包括:具有膜的球囊,该球囊具有限定纵向轴线的远侧端部和近侧端部;以及支撑在该膜上的接触电极,接触电极配置成用于与管口接触,该接触电极具有包括纵向细长部分和多个横向指状物的“鱼骨”构型。
在一些更详细的实施方案中,横向指状物具有不同的长度,并且接触电极具有更长的指状物和更短的指状物,更长的指状物位于球囊的赤道区域附近。此外,多个指状物可以包括远侧指状物、近侧指状物和它们之间的指状物,其中它们之间的指状物中的每个指状物均具有更短的相邻指状物。细长部分的宽度可以大于每个指状物的宽度。多个指状物可以沿着细长部分大致均匀间隔开。多个指状物可以具有大致均匀的宽度。
在一些更详细的实施方案中,接触电极包括金。接触电极可以包括金下方的籽晶层。球囊可以具有球囊膜上大致均匀径向分布的多个接触电极。
在一些实施方案中,电生理导管包括具有膜的球囊和膜上的柔性电路电极组件。柔性电路具有:带有第一表面和第二表面的基底、第一表面上的接触电极、第二表面上的布线电极,以及延伸穿过基底并且适于与接触电极和布线电极导电连接的导电通孔(conductive via)。
在一些更详细的实施方案中,基底包括第一灌注孔,膜包括与第一灌注孔对准的第二灌注孔。此外,接触电极可以包括围绕第一灌注孔的排出区,并且布线电极可以包括围绕第一灌注孔的排出区。布线电极可以具有与细长部分纵向对准的细长主体。布线电极可以包括焊盘,其中柔性电路电极组件包括导电连接到焊盘的线对。
在另外的更详细的实施方案中,柔性电路电极包括“鱼骨”接触微电极,“脊”布线微电极,以及配置成导电地耦合接触微电极和布线电极的导电通孔。微电极相对于电极有策略地定位成靠近电极并位于电极近侧,但是与电极物理隔离且电隔离。柔性电路电极包括至少一个排出区,该至少一个排出区配置成将微电极与接触电极和布线电极物理隔离和电隔离。微电极可配置成整体被接触电极或布线电极周向围绕,并通过排出区与接触电极或布线电极物理隔离和电隔离的“岛”。
在一些实施方案中,柔性电路电极包括近侧尾部。配置成用于导电连接到接触电极和/或布线电极的导电线可以在近侧尾部和球囊膜之间朝向球囊导管的轴延伸。在一些实施方案中,导电线可以延伸通过形成于球囊膜中的通孔(through-hole)进入球囊的内部。
在一些实施方案中,接触电极和布线电极可以被分成多个部分,其中相应的接触电极部分和相应的布线电极部分通过导电通孔导电耦合。每个导电连接的接触电极部分和布线电极部分对均具有导电线。每个分体电极部分可以围绕相应的通过排出区物理隔离且电隔离的微电极。
在一些实施方案中,配置成与电极和微电极导电连接的导电线可包括在带状缆线中。带状缆线可以通过形成于球囊膜中的通孔进入球囊的内部。或者,在进入球囊近侧的轴之前,带状缆线可以在柔性电路电极组件的尾部和球囊膜之间朝向球囊的近侧端部延伸。
在一些实施方案中,柔性电路电极组件包括与接触微电极一起使用的热电偶,其中热电偶具有嵌入在柔性电路基底中、并通过导电耦合到接触电极的导电通孔(conducting via)彼此连接的线对。有利地,热电偶配置成,在与接触微电极接触的组织经历由相邻的消融接触电极进行的消融时,测量组织的温度。或者,在组织未经历消融时,热电偶可以同时感测来自组织的电极电位信号和组织的温度。
在一些实施方案中,柔性电路电极组件包括导电耦合到热电偶的第一线和第二线的第一焊盘和第二焊盘,焊盘有利地远离微电极定位,例如在近侧尾部的区域中,其中第一焊盘和第二焊盘之间的电位包括表示在微电极401的位置处由热电偶400感测到的温度的信号。而且,如此电耦合的每个焊盘还可通过其导电通孔获得在其相应的微电极401上形成的电极电位。
在一些实施方案中,耦合到接触电极、微电极以及用于消融、感测电极电位和温度的热电偶的焊盘可以被分组为一组,其中柔性电路电极组件包括多组全部远离微电极定位的焊盘。
在一些实施方案中,球囊导管配置成与第二导管一起使用,该第二导管延伸穿过球囊导管的轴。第二导管可以包括套索导管或线性病灶导管。
附图说明
当结合附图考虑时,通过参考以下具体实施方式,将更好地理解本发明的这些和其它特征以及优点。应当理解,选择的结构和特征结构在某些附图中并没有示出,以便提供对其余的结构和特征结构的更好的观察。
图1是根据本发明的实施方案的侵入式医疗规程的示意图。
图2是根据本发明的实施方案,本发明的球囊导管处于其充胀状态且与套索导管一起使用时的顶视图。
图3是图2的球囊导管的球囊连同套索导管的透视图。
图4是部署在肺静脉以及其管口区域中的球囊的侧视图。
图5是根据本发明的实施方案的多个柔性电路电极组件的顶部平面图。
图6是根据本发明的实施方案的柔性电路电极组件从球囊处部分抬升的透视图。
图7、图8A、图9A、图10、图11A、图12A、图13A是根据本发明的实施方案,不同的构建阶段中柔性电路电极组件的分解透视图。
图8B、图9B、图11B、图12B、图13B、图14是根据本发明的实施方案,不同的构建阶段中柔性电路电极组件的侧剖视图。
图15A是根据本发明的另一实施方案的柔性电路电极组件的分解透视图,其中接触电极的部分被分离出来以示出其层。
图15B是根据本发明的实施方案,由排出区从布线电极分开的布线微电极的详细顶部平面图。
图15C是根据本发明的实施方案,由排出区从接触电极分开的接触微电极的详细顶部平面图。
图16A是根据本发明的实施方案,位于接触电极中的“岛”式接触微电极的详细顶部平面图。
图16B是根据本发明的实施方案,位于接触电极中的“岛”式接触微电极的详细顶部平面图。
图17是根据本发明的实施方案,具有分体接触电极的柔性电路电极组件的顶部平面图。
图18A是根据本发明的实施方案的嵌入式热电偶的侧剖视图。
图18B是根据本发明的实施方案的嵌入式焊盘组的顶部剖视图。
具体实施方式
概述
采用心脏组织消融以矫正不正常工作的心脏是实现这种矫正的熟知规程。通常,为了成功消融,需要在心肌的各个位置测量贲门电极电位。此外,消融期间的温度测量提供数据,使得能够测量消融的功效。通常,对于消融规程,在实际消融之前、期间和之后测量电极电位和温度。
与使用两个或更多个单独指令(例如,一个用于电极电位和温度测量,另一个用于消融)的现有技术系统相反,本发明的实施方案有助于这两项测量,并且还能够使用射频电磁能量、使用单个球囊导管消融。导管具有管腔,并且可充胀球囊穿过导管管腔部署(球囊以塌缩、未充胀的构型行进通过管腔,并且球囊在离开管腔时充胀)。球囊具有外壁或膜,并且具有限定延伸管腔的纵向轴线的远侧端部和近侧端部。
多层柔性金属结构附接到球囊的外壁或膜。该结构包括围绕纵向轴线周向布置的多个电极组,其中每个电极组包括通常纵向布置的多个消融电极。
每个电极组还可以包括与该组中的消融电极物理绝缘和电绝缘的至少一个微电极。
每个电极组还可以包括至少一个热电偶。
在一些实施方案中,每个电极组具有形成于同一位置处的微电极和热电偶。
由于具有实施消融、电极电位测量和温度测量三项功能,使用单个球囊导管简化了心脏消融规程。
系统说明
在以下的描述中,附图中的类似元件由类似数字来标识,并且类似元件可根据需要通过在标识数字后附加字母来进行区分。
图1是根据本发明的实施方案,使用设备12的侵入式医疗规程的示意图。该规程由医疗专业人员14执行,并且以举例的方式,假设下文的说明中的规程包括人类患者18的心脏的心肌16的一部分的消融。然而,应当理解,本发明的实施方案不仅可应用于该特定规程,还可基本上包括生物组织或非生物材料上的任何规程。
为了执行消融,医疗专业人员14将探头20插入已经预先定位在患者体腔中的护套21中。护套21定位成使得探针20的远侧端部22进入患者的心脏。在下文中参照图2详述的球囊导管24穿过探针20的管腔23部署,并从探针20的远侧端部离开。
如图1所示,设备12由系统处理器46控制,该系统处理器位于该设备的操作控制台15中。控制台15包括由专业人员14使用以与处理器通信的控件49。在规程期间,该处理器46通常利用本领域中已知的任何方法来跟踪探头20的远侧端部22的位置和取向。例如,处理器46可使用磁跟踪方法,其中处于患者18外部的磁发射器25X、25Y和25Z在定位于探头20的远侧端部中的线圈中产生信号。购自加利福尼亚州Diamond Bar的Biosense Webster公司的使用此类跟踪方法。
可将用于处理器46的软件通过例如网络以电子形式下载到处理器。另选地或除此之外,软件可提供在非临时性有形介质诸如光学、磁性或电子存储介质上。通常在屏幕62上的患者18的心脏的三维表示60上显示远侧端部22的跟踪。
为了操作设备12,处理器46与存储器50通信,该存储器具有被处理器使用以操作设备的多个模块。因此,存储器50包括温度模块52、消融模块54和心电图(ECG)模块56,以下描述了这些模块的功能。存储器50通常包括其它模块,诸如用于测量远侧端部22上的力的力模块、用于操作由处理器46所使用的跟踪方法的跟踪模块,和允许处理器控制被提供用于远侧端部22的灌注的灌注模块。为简明起见,图1未示出此类其它模块。模块还包括硬件以及软件元件。
图3是根据本发明的实施方案,球囊导管24处于其充胀构型时的示意性透视图。在所公开的实施方案中,其中球囊导管24用于消融诸如肺静脉13的内腔的管口11,如图4所示,球囊导管24由具有近侧轴部分82和远侧轴端部88的管状轴70支撑。轴70包括中空的中心管74,该中心管允许导管穿过其中并经过远侧轴端部88。导管可以是线性病灶导管或套索导管72,如图所示。套索导管72可以插入肺静脉中,以便在管口消融之前相对于管口正确地定位球囊导管24。导管72的远侧套索部分通常由形状记忆保持材料诸如镍钛诺形成。应当理解,球囊导管24还可以与线性或病灶导管99(如图3中的虚线所示)一起在PV或心脏的其它部位中使用。病灶导管99可以包括位于其远侧末端处的力传感器。2013年1月22日发布的Govari等人的题为“CATHETER WITH PRESSURE SENSING”的美国专利8,357,152以及Beeckler等人于2009年11月30日提交的题为“CATHETER WITH PRESSURE MEASURING TIP”的美国专利申请2011/0130648中,公开了合适的力传递远侧末端,这些专利的全部内容以引用方式并入本文。与球囊导管一起使用的任何导管可具有包括,例如,压力感测、消融、诊断(例如操纵和起搏)的特征结构和功能。
球囊导管24的可充胀球囊80具有生物相容性材料(例如,由诸如聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET),聚氨酯或的塑料形成的材料)的外壁或膜26。轴70和远侧轴端部88限定球囊80的纵向轴线78。球囊80以塌缩的未充胀构型经由探针20的管腔23部署,并且可以在离开远侧端部22之后充胀。球囊80可以通过流体诸如水盐溶液经由轴70注射和排出来充胀和收缩。球囊80的膜26形成有灌注孔隙或孔27(irrigation pore or aperture)(图6所示),流体可以通过该孔隙或孔从球囊80的内部排出到球囊外部,以冷却管口处的组织消融位点。尽管图2和图4示出了作为射流离开球囊80的流体,应当理解,流体可以以任何期望的流速和/或压力离开球囊,包括使流体从球囊渗出的速率。
膜26支撑并承载构建为多层柔性电路电极组件84的组合电极和温度检测构件。“柔性电路电极组件”84可以具有许多不同的几何构型。在所示实施方案中,柔性电路电极组件84具有多个辐射叶片或带30,如图5中最佳所示。叶片30围绕远侧端部88和球囊80均匀分布。每个叶片具有更宽的近侧部分,该更宽的近侧部分逐渐变细至更窄的远侧部分。
参考图3和图5,每个叶片30均具有近侧尾部31P和远侧尾部31D。近侧尾部31P通过安装在轴70的近侧轴部分82上的近侧环28P塞到导管24的下方并紧固到该导管。远侧尾部31D通过远侧环(未示出)塞到导管24的下方并紧固到该导管。尾部31D和尾部31P中的任一者或两者可以被相应的半球形盖(诸如远侧盖28D)进一步覆盖。每个叶片上的一个或多个接触电极33在消融规程期间与管口11进行流电接触,在此期间电流从接触电极33流到管口11,如图4所示。
为了简单起见,仅针对柔性电路电极组件84的叶片30之一进行描述,如图6所示,但是应当理解,以下描述可以应用于组件的每个叶片。柔性电路电极组件84包括由合适的生物相容性材料(例如聚酰亚胺)构建的柔性和弹性片状基底34。在一些实施方案中,片状基底34与球囊膜26相比具有更高的耐热性(或更高的熔融温度)。在一些实施方案中,基底34由具有比球囊膜26的熔融温度高约100℃或更高的分解温度的热固性材料构建。
基底34形成有一个或多个灌注孔隙或孔35,孔隙或孔35与球囊构件26的灌注孔35对准,使得通过灌注孔35的流体可以通过管口上的消融位点。
基底34具有远离球囊膜26的第一表面或外表面36以及面向球囊膜26的第二表面或内表面37。在其外表面36上,基底34支撑并承载适于与管口组织接触的接触电极33。在其内表面37上,基底34支撑并承载布线电极38。接触电极33在消融期间将RF能量传送至管口,和/或连接到用于管口的温度感测的热电偶结。在例示的实施方案中,接触电极33具有纵向细长部分40和多个细的横向直线部分或指状物41,该指状物大致在扩大的近侧端部42P和远侧端部42D之间从细长部分40的各个侧面垂直延伸,并且大致均匀地在其间间隔开。细长部分40具有更大的宽度,并且每个指状物具有大致均匀的更小宽度。因此,接触电极33的构型或迹线类似于“鱼骨”。与区域或“补片”消融电极相反,接触电极33的指状物41有利地增大了接触电极33与管口的周向或赤道接触表面,而相邻指状物41之间的空隙区域43有利地允许球囊80根据需要在沿着其赤道的位置处向内塌缩和/或径向膨胀。在所示实施方案中,指状物41具有不同的长度,一些更长,另一些则更短。例如,多个指状物包括远侧指状物、近侧指状物和它们之间的指状物,其中它们之间的指状物中的每个指状物均具有更短的相邻指状物。例如,每个指状物具有与其远侧和/或近侧紧邻的相邻指状物不同的长度,使得每个指状物的长度通常遵循每个叶片30的渐缩构型。在例示的实施方案中,存在22个指状物延伸跨过细长部分40(穿过每个侧面),最长的指状物是从扩大的近侧端部42P起的第三个指状物。在一些实施方案中,接触电极33包括具有籽晶层45的金58B,该籽晶层位于金58B和膜26之间(参见图12A和图12B)。籽晶层可以包括钛、钨、钯、银,和/或它们的组合。
在接触电极33内形成有一个或多个排出区47,每个排出区围绕形成在基底26中的灌注孔27。排出区域47是在接触电极33中有目的地形成的空隙,如下文所进一步详述,以避免在构建电极组件84期间容纳灌注孔27时,接触电极33发生位置和功能上的损坏。
接触电极33中还形成有一个或多个导电盲孔48(blind vias),这些盲孔为延伸穿过基底34中的通孔55的导电形成物或含金属形成物,如图8A所示,并且配置为连接外表面36上的接触电极33和内表面37上的布线电极38的电缆。应当理解,在所有相关情况下,“导电”在本文中可与“含金属的”互换使用。
在所示实施方案中,接触电极33纵向测量约0.1英寸至1.0英寸,优选约0.5英寸至0.7英寸,更优选约0.57英寸,并具有四个排出区47和九个盲孔48。
在基底34的内表面37上,布线电极38通常配置成与接触电极33的细长部分40的形状和尺寸大致相似的细长主体。布线电极38松散地类似于“脊”,并且在为电极组件84的每个叶片30提供预定程度的纵向刚度时也起脊的作用。布线电极38被定位成使得每个盲孔48与接触电极33和布线电极38都导电接触。在所示实施方案中,两个电极33和38与其它电极纵向对准,所有九个盲孔48与两个电极33和38导电接触。在一些实施方案中,布线电极38具有铜57的内部部分和金58的外部部分。
布线电极38也形成有围绕基底34中的灌注孔35的排出区59。布线电极38还形成有焊盘部分61,至少一个活动焊盘部分61A,并且可以存在一个或多个不活动的焊盘部分61B。焊盘部分61A和61B是布线电极38的细长主体的侧面的延伸部。在例示的实施方案中,活动焊盘部分61A形成于沿着细长主体的约中间位置处,并且在扩大的远侧端部42D和扩大的近侧端部42P中的每个处设置相应的不活动的焊盘部分61B。
例如通过焊接63将线对(例如康铜线51和铜线53)附接到活动焊盘部分61A。铜线53将引线提供给布线电极33,并且铜线53和康铜线51提供接头处于焊接63处的热电偶。线对51/53通过形成在膜26中的通孔29。应当理解,在其它实施方案中,在不存在通孔29的情况下,线对51/53可以在膜26和基底34之间延伸并且也在膜26和近侧尾部31P之间向近侧延伸,直到线对51/53经由形成在管状轴侧壁中的更靠近近侧环28的另一个通孔(未示出)进入管状轴70。
包括叶片30以及尾部31P和31D的柔性电路电极组件84附连到球囊膜26,使得基底34的外表面36暴露,并且基底34的内表面37附连到球囊膜26,其中布线电极38和线对51/53夹在基底34和球囊膜26之间。基底34中的灌注孔35与球囊膜26上的灌注孔27对准。布线电极38中的排出区59和接触电极33中的排出区47彼此同心地对准,并且与灌注孔27和35同心对准,如图14所示。
构建方法
本发明包括构建柔性电路电极组件以及具有该柔性电路电极组件的球囊的方法。在一些实施方案中,该方法包括下列步骤1-9。应当理解,根据需要或适当的情况,步骤不需要按照下面所示的顺序进行。
下面参照图7-图13,并结合图6,详细地讨论了步骤1-9。
1)提供具有柔性基底34的柔性电路90,该基底的第一表面或外表面36通常被第一 导电层91覆盖,并且该基底的第二表面或内表面37通常被第二导电层92覆盖,如图7所示。在一些实施方案中,基底34由聚酰亚胺构建,并且第一导电层91和第二导电层92为铜。
2)去除第一导电层91,如图8A和图8B所示。在一些实施方案中,通过化学蚀刻从基底34的外表面36去除铜的第一导电层91以暴露基底的外表面。
3)在第二导电层92中形成布线电极38,如图8A和图8B所示。形成布线电极38可以包括形成具有至少排出区59的细长主体。形成布线电极38可以包括形成至少一个活动焊盘61A。形成布线电极38可以包括形成能够用作视觉上不透射线的标记的至少一个不活动焊盘61B。在一些实施方案中,形成布线电极38包括:在第二导电层92的第一部分92A中利用一个或多个焊盘掩蔽细长主体的构型,同时留下未掩蔽的第二部分92B和第一部分92A中的一个或多个排出区59;以及通过化学蚀刻从基底34的内表面37去除未掩蔽的一个或多个排出区59和第二部分92B中的第二导电层92。
4)在基底34中形成一个或多个通孔55,以提供一个或多个盲孔48并形成一个或多 个灌注孔35,如图8A和图9A所示。在一些实施方案中,形成通孔55和/或灌注孔35包括在接触电极33的周边迹线66(在图10中以虚线示出)内的位置处,从面向外表面36的方向激光钻孔穿过基底34,并达到穿过基底34的整个厚度的深度。在形成用于盲孔48的通孔55时,通常执行激光钻孔但不穿透布线电极38。
5)在基底34和布线电极38上的所有暴露的导电表面上施加额外的导电层67,如图 9A和图9B所示。在一些实施方案中,将形成有布线电极38的基底34浸入镀金浴中,以形成覆盖布线电极38的细长主体的暴露的导电表面以及任何和所有盲孔48的底部表面65的金层58A。
6)在基底34的暴露的外层36上形成接触电极33,如图10、图11A、图12A和图13所 示。在一些实施方案中,形成接触电极33包括:(i)在基底34的外表面36上将第一区域33A限定在鱼骨构型的周边迹线66(包括细长主体40和指状物41)内,如图10所示;(ii)在基底34的外层36上将光致抗蚀剂39施加到第一区域33A外的第二区域33B,如图11B所示;(iii)在至少第一区域33A中将籽晶层45施加到基底34的外表面36上,如图11A和图11B所示;(iv)在至少籽晶层45上施加另一个额外的导电层68,例如金58B,如图12A和图12B所示;以及(v)将光致抗蚀剂39以及光致抗蚀剂上的籽晶层45和导电层68的任何部分一起从基底34除去,如图12A和图12B所示。在一些实施方案中,施加光致抗蚀剂39包括将光致抗蚀剂39施加到围绕形成在基底34中的灌注孔35的接触电极33的细长部分40中的一个或多个排出区47。在一些实施方案中,施加籽晶层45包括将籽晶层45溅射到一个或多个盲孔48内侧。在一些实施方案中,施加导电层68包括将导电层68溅射到一个或多个盲孔48内侧。在一些实施方案中,盲孔形成有被籽晶层45和导电层68/58B覆盖的倾斜或渐缩的侧壁69(参见图12B)。
7)在基底34上将另一个导电层71施加在所有暴露的导电表面上,包括接触电极33 和布线电极38,如图13A和图13B所示。在一些实施方案中,包括电极33和38的基底34再次浸入镀金浴中以形成覆盖电极33和38的暴露的导电表面以及所有盲孔48的另一金层58C。在一些实施方案中,将不透射线标记73施加或涂布到覆盖布线电极38的金层58C上。例如,可以将包含钨和环氧树脂的混合物涂布到布线电极38上的金层58C上,作为不透射线的标记。
8)制备柔性电路电极组件84以附连到球囊80,如图6所示。在柔性电路电极组件84的形成过程中,上述步骤1-7在基底34上形成电极33和38,随后可制备该柔性电路电极组件以附连到球囊膜26。在一些实施方案中,线对51/53焊接到活动焊盘61A,其中线对51/53用作热电偶,并且铜线53用作将RF能量传送到布线电极38的引线,继而为接触电极33供电。在一些实施方案中,基底34的周边区域34P形成有多个穿孔75(perforation),穿孔配置成接收用于将电极组件84附连到球囊膜26的粘合剂。
9)将柔性电路电极组件84附连到球囊膜26,如图6所示。在一些实施方案中,线对51/53通过形成于膜26中的通孔29馈送,并且将粘合剂(未示出)施加到基底34的基本上整个内表面37,包括布线电极38,以便将柔性电路电极组件84粘附到膜26。
应当理解,本发明包括具有相比于上述那些更简单的步骤和/或更少的步骤的其它实施方案。例如,形成“鱼骨”构型的接触电极可以包括将籽晶层和第二额外的导电层直接溅射在球囊膜上,从而消除了基底和布线电极的使用。可以在本文描述的构型中设置合适的布线,和/或可设置有类似的盲孔、全通孔(full vias)(即,穿过接触电极、基底、布线电极、接触微电极和/或布线微电极)、导电迹线等,如本领域普通技术人员所理解的。这样的球囊导管仍将提供由“鱼骨”接触电极提供的所有优点,如本文所述。
在本发明的其它实施方案中,如图15A所示的柔性电路电极组件184包括分别与接触电极133和布线电极138物理隔离和电隔离的一个或多个接触微电极101和布线微电极102。成对对准的接触微电极101和布线电极102通过盲孔148彼此导电连接。一个或多个微电极101和102形成的同时,前述的每个步骤中也形成相应的电极133和138。在所示实施方案中,微电极101和102定位于沿着电极133和138的长度的中点附近,使得微电极101和102接近球囊80的赤道区域,尽管应当理解,它们可位于相对于电极133和138的其它位置。微电极101和103配置为具有独立于电极133和138的阻抗、电信号和/或温度感测,并且因此分别通过一个或多个相应的排出区103和104与接触电极133和布线电极138物理隔离和电隔离。
为了形成布线微电极102,例如,光致抗蚀剂被施加到待形成排出区103的基底134的外表面136。在例示的实施方案中,如图15B所示,布线微电极102形成有突起107,该突起突出到形成在布线电极138的细长主体中的适形凹槽108中。排出区104跨越突起107和凹槽108之间,在布线电极138和布线微电极102之间采用适形构型。
针对接触微电极101,它们通过根据接触微电极101的构型适当地掩蔽基底134的内表面137上的第二导电层192(未示出)而形成。在例示的实施方案中,如图15C所示,突起105掩蔽接触微电极101,该突起突出到形成于接触电极133的细长部分140中的凹槽106中。排出区103跨越突起105和凹槽106之间,在接触电极133和接触微电极101之间采用适形构型。
突起105和107允许微电极101和102尽可能接近接触电极133和布线电极138,并且因此尽可能靠近组织接触位点,同时保持物理隔离和电隔离。
线对151/153焊接到活动焊盘161A。引线(例如,铜线)109焊接到相应的布线微电极102。线151、153和109是延伸穿过形成于球囊膜126中的通孔129的带状缆线110的一部分。
布线电极138被示出为包括第一细长部分或远侧细长部分138A和第二细长部分或近侧细长部分138B的“分体”电极。第二布线电极部分138B可作为不透射线的标记,在一个侧面上具有扩大部分112,在例如特定布线电极(诸如“第一”布线电极)的荧光镜透视检查下作为视觉指示符,和/或可作为围绕球囊180的周边的布线电极后续编号的方向。第二布线电极部分138B也可以在相应引线与其连接以将RF能量传送给它的情况下被激活。然而,在后一方面,应当理解,在一些实施方案中,多个有源布线电极(或有源分体布线电极部分)可以各自具有自己的铜线,同时共享公共的康铜线。在任何情况下,这种线对可以提供RF供电功能和温度感测功能。
对于接触电极133,也可以将其分成接触电极部分133A和133B,如图17所示,对应于分体布线电极部分138A和138B,其中接触电极部分133A通过盲孔148A与布线电极部分138A导电连接,并且接触电极部分133B通过盲孔148B与布线电极部分138B导电连接。
应当理解,微电极101和102也可以形成为“岛”(具有任何合适的形状和尺寸),每个岛分别被形成于电极133和138(以整体或分体电极部分)中的排出区106和107整体围绕,如图16A、图16B和图17所示。可以在每个接触微电极101中形成盲孔148以提供与其布线微电极102的导电连接。可以在每个布线微电极102中形成全通孔188作为与其线对的导电连接,这使得微电极101和102能够用于消融、电极电位、感测、阻抗检测和/或温度感测。
图18A示出了由铜导体或线476形成的热电偶400,该铜导体或线通过导电通孔481连接到康铜导体或线477。线476和477形成为嵌入基底424中的导电线。通孔481还连接到基底的外表面上的接触微电极401。通过将热电偶400连接到微电极401,可以在获取接触微电极401的组织的电极电位信号的同时,也测量该组织的温度。或者,例如在接触电极433用于消融的情况下,可测量与微电极401接触的组织的温度,而不获取微电极401的电极电位信号。
如图18B所示,线476和477分别从焊盘463a和463b处离开,这些焊盘位于远离微电极401、近侧尾部31P的区域中,例如靠近其末端端部的位置。焊盘463a和463b之间的电位包括到控制台15(图1)中的温度模块52的信号,并且该模块使用该信号来表示由微电极401的位置处的热电偶400测量的温度。此外,连接到铜线476的焊盘463a和/或连接到康铜线477的焊盘463b也可以用于获取形成在微电极401上的电极电位,其中焊盘通过通孔481连接到该微电极。控制台15(图1)的ECG模块56通常接收从焊盘463a和/或463b导出的信号,并且分析信号以导出微电极401处的电极电位。
焊盘463c通过嵌入基底434中的另一根导线连接到接触电极433,并且焊盘463c可用于将控制台15(图1)的消融模块54产生的电磁RF消融能量传输到接触电极433。如图18B所示,焊盘463c、463a和463b可以被分为连接到接触电极433、微电极401和热电偶400的三个焊盘463G(1)的组。一组的三个焊盘463G(i)可以连接到一组接触电极、微电极和热电偶。值得注意的是,至少焊盘463a和463b的位置可以有利地远离测量温度的位置,使得可以避免在微电极401发生组织接触的位置处在焊盘463a和463b中嵌入任何大体积件。
如图15所示,灌注孔127形成于球囊膜126中,灌注孔135形成于基底134中,排出区147形成于接触电极133中,并且排出区159形成于布线电极138中。
在一些实施方案中,基底34、134(例如,聚酰亚胺)具有约25.0微米的厚度。布线电极38、138包括厚度为约2.0微米的铜内层和厚度范围为约1.0微米至50微米,优选约2.75微米至37微米的金外层,其中金的厚度取决于所需或合适的射线不透性。接触电极33、133包括厚度为约0.01微米至0.05微米的籽晶层和厚度为约1.0微米的金外层。球囊膜26、126可以具有约25.0微米的平均厚度,因为可以理解,由于制造方法,该膜可能具有不均匀的厚度。
在操作中,线对51/53将由控制台15(图1)的消融模块54提供的RF能量通过控制手柄和导管轴传导到布线电极38,布线电极继而通过盲孔48为接触电极33供电。
在一些实施方案中,其中球囊80包括具有10个叶片(提供10个接触电极)的柔性电路电极组件时,可以通过每个接触电极33同时释放25W的RF功率来产生10个功能上令人满意的消融灶,即,10秒或更短时间内总共250W。通过在短时间内使用高功率产生消融灶,有效地利用了功率的“脉冲”,消融部位的热耗散得以最小化。换句话说,短时间的消融有助于将热能集中在位点,而从位点传输出去的能量也更少。
在其它实施方案中,提供给每个接触电极的合适功率范围包括介于约15W-25W、持续10秒和10W-20W、持续60秒之间。在其它实施方案中,提供给每个接触电极的功率为25W或更高,持续10秒或更短。
已参考本发明的当前优选实施方案来呈现前述描述。本发明所属技术领域内的技术人员将认识到,在未有意脱离本发明的原则、实质和范围的前提下,可对所描述的结构作出变更和更改。在一个实施方案中公开的任何特征结构或结构可根据需要或适当情况并入以代替或补充任何其它实施方案的其它特征结构。如本领域的普通技术人员所理解的,附图未必按比例绘制。因此,上述描述不应视为仅与附图中描述和例示的精确结构有关,而应视为符合以下具有最全面和合理范围的权利要求书并且作为权利要求书的支持。
Claims (18)
1.一种适于用于管口的电生理导管,包括:
具有膜的球囊,所述球囊具有限定纵向轴线的远侧端部和近侧端部;以及
支撑在所述膜上的接触电极,所述接触电极配置成用于与所述管口接触,所述接触电极具有包括纵向细长部分和多个横向指状物的鱼骨构型,
其中所述接触电极具有更长的指状物和更短的指状物,所述更长的指状物位于所述球囊的赤道区域附近。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电生理导管,其中所述横向指状物中的至少两个具有不同的长度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电生理导管,其中所述多个横向指状物包括远侧指状物、近侧指状物和它们之间的指状物,其中所述它们之间的指状物中的每个指状物均具有更短的相邻指状物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电生理导管,其中所述细长部分的宽度大于每个指状物的宽度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电生理导管,其中所述多个横向指状物沿着所述细长部分大致均匀间隔开。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电生理导管,其中所述多个横向指状物具有大致均匀的宽度。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电生理导管,其中所述接触电极包括金。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电生理导管,其中所述接触电极包括所述金下方的籽晶层。
9.根据权利要求1所述的电生理导管,还包括球囊膜上大致均匀径向分布的多个接触电极。
10.一种电生理导管,包括:
具有膜的球囊;以及
所述膜上的柔性电路电极组件,所述柔性电路电极组件具有:
带有第一表面和第二表面的基底;
所述第一表面上的接触电极,其中所述接触电极具有包括纵向细长部分和多个横向指状物的鱼骨构型;
所述第二表面上的布线电极;以及
导电通孔,所述导电通孔延伸穿过所述基底并且适于导电连接所述接触电极和所述布线电极,
其中所述接触电极具有更长的指状物和更短的指状物,所述更长的指状物位于所述球囊的赤道区域附近。
11.根据权利要求10所述的电生理导管,其中所述基底包括第一灌注孔,所述膜包括与所述第一灌注孔对准的第二灌注孔。
12.根据权利要求11所述的电生理导管,其中所述接触电极包括围绕所述第一灌注孔的排出区。
13.根据权利要求11所述的电生理导管,其中所述布线电极包括围绕所述第一灌注孔的排出区。
14.根据权利要求10所述的电生理导管,其中所述布线电极具有与所述细长部分纵向对准的细长主体。
15.根据权利要求10所述的电生理导管,其中所述布线电极包括焊盘。
16.根据权利要求15所述的电生理导管,其中所述柔性电路电极组件包括导电连接到所述焊盘的线对。
17.根据权利要求10所述的电生理导管,其中所述柔性电路电极包括:
接触微电极;
布线微电极;以及
导电通孔,所述导电通孔配置成导电连接所述接触微电极和所述布线电极。
18.根据权利要求17所述的电生理导管,其中所述柔性电路电极包括至少一个排出区,所述至少一个排出区配置为分别将所述接触微电极和所述布线微电极与所述接触电极和所述布线电极物理隔离和电隔离。
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- 2017-04-13 AU AU2017202467A patent/AU2017202467A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2017-04-20 RU RU2017113700A patent/RU2017113700A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-04-20 RU RU2017113694A patent/RU2017113694A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-04-27 JP JP2017088018A patent/JP6949542B2/ja active Active
- 2017-04-27 JP JP2017088046A patent/JP7066330B2/ja active Active
- 2017-04-27 EP EP17168393.1A patent/EP3238646A3/en not_active Ceased
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- 2017-04-27 EP EP23168043.0A patent/EP4230164A1/en active Pending
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