CN107296015A - A kind of aphidius gifuensis product industrial production method - Google Patents
A kind of aphidius gifuensis product industrial production method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107296015A CN107296015A CN201710731670.4A CN201710731670A CN107296015A CN 107296015 A CN107296015 A CN 107296015A CN 201710731670 A CN201710731670 A CN 201710731670A CN 107296015 A CN107296015 A CN 107296015A
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- 241001305034 Aphidius gifuensis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 272
- 241000256844 Apis mellifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000032669 eclosion Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000024241 parasitism Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005058 diapause Effects 0.000 description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001600407 Aphis <genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000256837 Apidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000549893 Carphochaete Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000008896 Opium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001002356 Valeriana edulis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M3/00—Manual implements, other than sprayers or powder distributors, for catching or killing insects, e.g. butterfly nets
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of aphidius gifuensis product industrial production method, comprise the following steps：Step (1) is purified after planting aphid, kind honeybee Nature Conservation and rejuvenation；Step (2) expands breeding aphid using large aperture seedling culture hole plate cultivating large seedling, plants honeybee；Step (3) cultivates high density tobacco seedlings with aperture drift disk, increases the nursery quantity of unit area, cultivates the numerous honeybee of strong cigarette with the special numerous honeybee drift disk of macropore, a high proportion of kind of honeybee is accessed when average aphid amount reaches a certain amount of；Step (4) aphidius gifuensis is collected and packaging.The present invention solves the problems, such as the epidemic disease of High Density Reproduction honeybee, and infrastructure insufficiency problem and conventional stiff aphid form regularity and collection, storage, long-distance transport problem.The extremely inflexible time restriction of honeybee link will be put to each numerous honeybee in the past simultaneously to break, the aphidius gifuensis factorial praluction technology of system is formd, can be mass-produced required by batch production, steady quality, long period storage, the stiff aphid product for being easy to long-distance transport is obtained.
Description
Technical field
Raised and biological control of insect pests technical field, more particularly to a kind of aphidius gifuensis product factory the invention belongs to insect
Change production method.
Background technology
A kind of entitled Floating seedling breeding aphidius gifuensis method " Chinese patent (application number：201410399950.6),
The patent application publication carries out dishful sowing floating seedlings using 162 holes or 200 holes drift disk；In good time 1 cigarette of straight snips during nursery
Leaf；Kind of an aphid is connect and guided in tobacco seedlings by upper step tobacco seedlings when having grown to 6 true leaves, allows cigarette aphid voluntarily to spread breeding；When cigarette aphid quantity reaches
During to about 150 heads/plant, by honeybee：Aphid ratio is 1：50 connect honeybee amount, and the stiff aphid of required aphidius gifuensis and parasitic aphid are accessed into cover net
It is interior, appoint into honeybee voluntarily sprout wings, parasitic cigarette aphid, breed new aphidius gifuensis.
But by the actual popularization and application of 2 years, it is found by the applicant that：Aphid, numerous aphid are connect in the patent using the former live seedling of disk to deposit
The problem of be that tobacco seedlings size first is irregular, although promote neat by leaf-cutting, but still with the presence of many weak seedlings, space-consuming, nutrient
And numerous honeybee effect is not had, additionally while often disk only has 100 plants or so effective tobacco seedlings after natural death, but distributed pole is uneven
It is even, also have a strong impact on numerous honeybee level of whole disk.The honeybee amount that connects in former patent return is 1：50, the problem of existing is due to plant
Honeybee quantity is few, reaches that the required time of effective parasitic amount is longer, causes stiff aphid to be formed extremely irregular, stiff aphid is formed while plumage
Change, do not reach requirement of the aphidius gifuensis product factorial praluction to Jiang Ya colonies neat and consistent；
The patent and it is some other on being not involved with the patent applications such as the collection of aphidius gifuensis, packaging, refrigeration or
Only be suitable to a small amount of experiment can not large-scale application stiff aphid collecting packing, stored under refrigeration and low-temperature transport technology, aphid parasite releases
Put and remain in the stiff aphid seedling of bulk storage or the stage into honeybee.The problem of existing one is that long distance transportation is extremely inconvenient.Traditional deadlock
Aphid seedling mode volume is big, not can extrude, space effective rate of utilization is low, causes the too high of cost of transportation；The problem of existing two be as
Chance can not resist natural cause, and stiff aphid seedling cannot be dissipated in time, and loss is serious；The problem of existing three is inconvenient low temperature fortune
It is defeated.Stiff aphid largely sprouts wings in transportation, causes significant wastage.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of aphidius gifuensis product industrial production method.The present invention is
One kind is efficiently collected stiff aphid using advanced collecting device or is used extra package side using few substrate seedling-transplanting point numerous honeybee of disk
Formula collects stiff aphid leaf, the carry out stored under refrigeration of effective long period, and supporting ripe long-distance inexpensive Refrigerated Transport technology
Method.
On the basis of further being improved to conventional numerous honeybee efficiency, stiff aphid is set to concentrate in a short time
Formed, collection efficiency reach can large-scale application level, product packaging, technique of refrigeration maturation be applicable, and to above plate optimize
Assembling, forms continuous-flow type, circulating production method, and producing can long-acting depot, the aphidius gifuensis production of conveniently transport and release
Product.
Technical scheme is as follows：A kind of aphidius gifuensis product industrial production method, methods described includes following
Step：
Step (1) is purified after planting aphid, kind honeybee Nature Conservation and rejuvenation；
Step (2) expands breeding aphid using large aperture seedling culture hole plate cultivating large seedling, plants honeybee；
Few substrate seedling-transplanting point numerous the honeybee of disk of step (3)：Sowed on the floating seedling tray of vesicle specification, treat that tobacco seedlings are long
During to the cat ear phase, consistent tobacco seedlings will be grown it will be transplanted to and cultivate into strong sprout on special numerous honeybee drift disk of big cave specification and be followed by aphid, when
When average aphid amount reaches 180~220 heads/plant, by honeybee：Aphid=1：8~12 ratio access kind honeybee；
Step (4) aphidius gifuensis is collected and packaging：When stiff aphid is largely formed, stiff aphid is collected with electronic stiff aphid collector,
Stiff aphid box is made, or collects the aphidius gifuensis product of stiff stiff aphid blade two kinds of forms of box of aphid leaf production, or collects stiff aphid seedling and is used
In field adaptability；
Step (5) aphidius gifuensis is refrigerated and stored：According to putting honeybee needs, the aphidius gifuensis product of making or at 1~10 DEG C
Under the conditions of alternating temperature refrigerate, effectively refrigeration the phase be 30 days；Or it is used for field adaptability in time；
The low-temperature transport of step (6) aphidius gifuensis product：Ice bag is placed in bubble chamber, the temperature inside the box was protected in 5 days
Hold at 2~15 DEG C, to postpone into bee eclosion, meet long-distance transport needs.
Above-mentioned production stage is sequentially carried out, and the production link of each step moves in circles, that is, is formed and be suitable to aphid parasite batch production
Produce the continuous-flow type needed, circulating production method.
Further, step (1) is according to local climate condition, before low temperature arriving, field also have cigarette aphid and aphidius gifuensis
Activity periods, a variety of non-cigarette host plants that alternately plantation cigarette aphid hobby takes food under natural conditions out of doors, trap cigarette in environment
Aphid and aphidius gifuensis, give free rein to breeding, parasitism；In the winter time when low temperature, unfavorable cigarette aphid and aphidius gifuensis breeding, temperature is then transferred to
Child care in room or greenhouse；On a variety of non-cigarette host plants after alternated propagation, cigarette aphid no longer carries tobacco virus；In natural conditions
The strong stress resistance of lower breeding, cigarette aphid and aphidius gifuensis, is able to nature rejuvenation, detoxification.
Further, step (1) plants flue-cured tobacco in the good cover net of closure, and the cigarette aphid after inoculation rejuvenation is allowed to breeding,
It is lasting to remove parasitic aphid, stiff aphid and into honeybee, untill no longer occurring；Due to other aphids on flue-cured tobacco it is irreproducible, pass through
The other aphids mixed after a period of time are all dead, plant aphid and purified；Kind aphid after purification is transferred in new cover net
Bred in cigarette strain, the kind aphid of breeding purifying, the kind honeybee after access rejuvenation, because other aphid parasites are not parasitic in another new cover net
Cigarette aphid in cigarette strain, other aphid parasites through after a period of time, mixing are all dead, plant honeybee and purified；In numerous aphid, numerous honeybee
During, cover installs automatic receipts honeybee device or artificial removing hyperparasite honeybee and other insects on the net.
Further, the tobacco seedlings of the heart of 5 leaf 1 are transplanted on the seedling culture hole plate of large aperture by step (2), using alternation of wetting and drying liquid manure
Management method cultivates tobacco seedlings, and aphid is connect during 71 heart of leaf of tobacco seedlings, average that rejuvenation and kind aphid 18~22 after purification are connect per young plant, connects aphid
15~17 days cigarette aphids are largely formed afterwards, and average aphid amount can be used as the kind aphid of the numerous honeybee of next step when reaching 800~1200 heads/plant；
According to said method numerous aphid, connects after aphid 9~11 days, access rejuvenation and kind honeybee after purification when average aphid amount reaches 280~320 heads/plant,
Connect honeybee amount and compare 1 by honeybee aphid：8~12 calculate；Stiff aphid leaf is hung in canopy or stiff aphid seedling is placed in nursery pond, honeybee plumage is allowed into
Change, parasitism；Connect 17~19 days stiff aphids after honeybee largely to be formed, you can the kind honeybee as the numerous honeybee of next step；Used in time after tobacco seedlings transplanting
The numerous honeybee cover guard of 60 mesh lives tobacco seedlings, until numerous aphid, numerous honeybee end-of-job.
Further, step (3) length × width × height be 665mm × 345mm × 35mm, 595 cave specifications floating seedlings
Sowed on disk, when tobacco seedlings length to the cat ear phase, will grow consistent tobacco seedlings be transplanted to length × width × height for 665mm × 345mm ×
Cultivated on 55mm, the special numerous honeybee drift disk of 50 cave specifications, connect aphid by straight snips tobacco leaf 1 time, when cultivating into the strong sprout of the heart of 6 leaf 1, put down
Aphid 12~15 is inoculated with per young plant, 9~11d after aphid is met, when average aphid amount reaches 180~220 heads/plant, stiff aphid seedling is put
In in nursery pond, being allowed into bee eclosion, parasitism；Honeybee amount is connect by honeybee：Aphid=1：8~12 ratio access kind honeybee, when shortening parasitic
Between, make stiff aphid astogeny neat and consistent；Connect 17~19 days stiff aphids after honeybee largely to be formed, you can collect for stiff aphid and make production
Product, or stiff aphid seedling is collected for field adaptability；Tobacco seedlings are lived with the numerous honeybee cover guard of 60 mesh in time after tobacco seedlings transplanting, until the work of numerous honeybee
Terminate.
Further, step (4) the electronic stiff aphid collector include body 1, portable power source 2, DC micromotor 3,
Variable-frequency governor 4, battery folders 5, electricity turn chuck 6, brush 7 and commutator transformer 8, and the body 1 is provided with DC micromotor
3, electricity is installed on the power transmission shaft of DC micromotor 3 and turns chuck 6, electricity turns to fix the bar of brush 7 on chuck 6；The brush 7 is by four
The " u "-shaped shape bristle 9 of row or more, which is fixed on brush bar, to be made；The portable power source 2 or commutator transformer 8 are by becoming
Frequency speed regulator 4 is connected with DC micromotor 3；Portable power source 2 is fixed in battery folders 5.
Further, step (4) collects stiff aphid leaf when stiff aphid is largely formed, and removes impurity with electronic stiff aphid brush, collects
Stiff aphid, stiff aphid, which loads in the box of customization, turns into stiff aphid box, and box body is made up of outer box and inner box, and outer box are the sides of a both ends open
Body, inner box is that an one side is open and equipped with the square groove of stiff aphid；Or the stiff aphid leaf that will be removed after impurity, stiff aphid is more, first
Moistening blade with the bactericide aqueous solution, then customize packing box into loading after tubular with corrugated roll turns into stiff aphid blade box；Packaging
The box body of stiff aphid is that the paper material for being easy to degraded makes.
Further, step (5) is first sprayed after profit box body according to the stiff aphid box that honeybee needs to make is put with the bactericide aqueous solution,
Use plastic bag sealing moisturizing again, the stiff aphid of stiff aphid of good seal it is box-packed enter bubble chamber in；Stiff aphid blade box need not moisten box body and close
Seal moisturizing；The product of making is placed in 10~12 DEG C of freezer pre- refrigeration 1 day in time, then is transferred in 1~10 DEG C of freezer and refrigerates,
Effectively the refrigeration phase is 30 days, or is used for field adaptability in time.
Further, the stiff aphid product of step (6) uses the low-temperature transport mode of bubble chamber+ice bag, according to haulage time
Need, appropriate ice bag is placed in bubble chamber, the temperature inside the box was maintained at 2~15 DEG C in 5 days, postpone into sprouting wings, completely for honeybee
Foot long-distance transport needs.
One of innovative point of the present invention is, by kind of an aphid, the Nature Conservation of kind honeybee and rejuvenation, to maintain kind of an aphid, plant the nature of honeybee
Population characteristics, it is ensured that plant aphid, plant honeybee reform of nature environment ability, it is to avoid Artificial feeding conditions sow aphid, plant honeybee degeneration, go
Except long-term a small range high density breed cause in spite of illness, the malicious problem of band.
The root of any numerous honeybee mode is kind of an aphid, plants honeybee.All it is in human intervention because former numerous honeybee works
Carry out, keeped out wind and rain for a long time this in greenhouse or greenhouse, under the conditions of sufficient excellent of food, host, aphid, aphid parasite are moved back
It is melted into as certainty.It is influenceed in terms of significantly showing aphid, the resistance against diseases of aphid parasite, fecundity.Chosen seeds, selected by field
The learnt from else's experience aphid of natural selection, aphid parasite is introduced in numerous honeybee base as original seed.It is preferred that kind aphid kind honeybee its disease-resistant energy got off
Power, fecundity are significantly improved.
The two of innovative point of the present invention are that the kind aphid of healthy and strong opium seedling and propagating is cultivated using large aperture seedling culture hole plate, honeybee is planted,
Not only efficiency high, it is often more important that quality is good, and the duration is long, can guarantee that kind of aphid and plants the lasting supply of honeybee.
The three of innovative point of the present invention are few substrate seedling-transplanting point numerous honeybees of disk.The conventional numerous honeybee nursery amount of live seedling is big, single
Nursery work would take up all numerous honeybee greenhouse one months, and the efficient continual numerous honeybee for the circulation that honeybee numerous to batch production requires has
Large effect, and conflict with some regional crop fields cultivation cigarette nursery canopies generations without special numerous honeybee greenhouse.Compared to original
Method, the occupancy during nursery to seedling raising greenhouse can be greatly reduced by few substrate seedling.The application method is accounted for during nursery
It is only 1/8th of former method with greenhouse quantity.
In addition, the present invention cultivates high density tobacco seedlings with aperture drift disk, increase the nursery quantity of unit area, it is special with macropore
Numerous honeybee drift disk cultivates the big numerous honeybee of tobacco seedlings, not only improves numerous honeybee efficiency of unit area, is also convenient for the collection of the stiff aphid of next step；It is heavier
Want, the special numerous honeybee drift disk of macropore reduces tobacco seedlings density, is easy into the parasitic tobacco seedlings middle and lower part aphid of honeybee, stiff aphid is at tobacco seedlings bottom
Portion to top is uniformly parasitic, and stiff aphid is concentrically formed in a short time, and the eclosion rate of peak period is relatively low, improves utilization rate and collection
Efficiency.
The four of innovative point of the present invention are that advanced stiff aphid collects, packs, stored and means of transportation.Conventional stiff aphid collects dress
Put and the stiff aphid efficiency of method collection is low, damage is big, causes use cost too high.By continuous practice innovation, what the present invention was researched and developed
Deadlock aphid collector of new generation will collect stiff aphid quantity for 8 hours for each person every day and bring up to more than 100,000, and will collect damage simultaneously
It is reduced within 10%, by comprehensive production cost control at 1.5 yuan/less than 100.
The stiff aphid collector includes " u "-shaped bristle head 7, DC micromotor 3, portable power source 2, power line etc..This
The bristle that invention is mainly characterized by brush is " u "-shaped, and brush is fixed on brush bar by the " u "-shaped shape nylon wire of four rows or more
On be made." u "-shaped hair smoothly can be swept down stiff aphid using relatively soft material, and " u "-shaped hair connects when being exerted oneself to stiff aphid
Contacting surface product is big and with certain elasticity, sweeps lower rate height, more conventional straight bristle is easier to brush lower stiff aphid, and damage ratio is lower.
DC micromotor can carry out speed governing, can adjust rotating speed according to different stiff aphid leaves, reduce damage as far as possible
In the case of improve collection efficiency.Collector can both use the collection of the stiff aphid on different size blade, it can also be used to different size
The collection of stiff aphid on branch.The present invention both can in numerous honeybee canopy moving operation, also can will motor fix collection table on operate.This hair
Bright collection efficiency is high, and damage ratio is low, efficiently solves stiff aphid in aphid parasite product large-scale production and collects problem.
The other present invention has abandoned the conventional thinking that stiff aphid is bonded in paperboard, stiff aphid card is fabricated to, using stiff aphid box
Or stiff aphid blade box-like formula, the damage to stiff aphid is reduced as far as possible, is substantially increased on the premise of stiff aphid product eclosion rate is improved
Packaging efficiency, while having reached rain-proof, sun-proof, insect prevention and both artistic and practical packing instructions.After conventional stiff aphid product packaging is good
Freezer storage is directly placed into, with the lengthening of storage time, eclosion rate is constantly reduced, and has a strong impact on product quality.Pass through experiment
Research is it was found that at a temperature of suitable diapause, the main cause that causing eclosion rate reduces is dehydration.Water under cryogenic
Vapour condenses, and relative humidity is low, causes the dehydration of stiff aphid；And increase humidity under cryogenic and be also difficult to.The present invention is to kill
The papery box body of the stiff aphid box of microbial inoculum aqueous solution moistening, adopts plastic bag sealing refrigeration, stiff aphid can be prevented to be dehydrated, stiff aphid can be also prevented
Go mouldy, the eclosion rate after refrigeration is greatly improved；Stiff aphid blade moistened with the bactericide aqueous solution after with corrugated roll into tubular, not only
Stiff aphid can be prevented to be dehydrated and go mouldy, corrugated paper will not be close to the stiff aphid of blade pinches, its space can fully meet into honeybee diffusion；Box body
Made by the paper material for being easy to degraded, low-carbon environment-friendly.Add the packed and transported mode of bubble chamber during transport using ice bag, according to not
Distance together, shipping time configure different ice bag volumes, and by the temperature control during transport at 2-15 DEG C, the temperature inside the box is slow
Rise, be both avoided that emergence in transit was wasted, and can effective termination of diapause.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：The present invention is after above-mentioned technological improvement, by every square
Numerous honeybee efficiency of rice has brought up to more than 120,000 by conventional 100,000, and stiff aphid is concentrically formed in a short time；Solve people
Work raise and train after degenerate problem, the epidemic disease problem of long-term high density breeding, infrastructure insufficiency problem and conventional collection, storage
Deposit, the problem of conevying efficiency is low.The extremely inflexible time restriction of honeybee link will be put to each numerous honeybee in the past break simultaneously, form and be
The aphidius gifuensis factorial praluction technology of system, has drawn can be mass-produced required by batch production, steady quality, long period
The stiff aphid product store, being readily transported.
Brief description of the drawings
Effective stiff aphid variation diagram of the numerous honeybee modes of two kinds of Fig. 1；
The structural representation for the collector that Fig. 2 provides for the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of brush 7；
Fig. 4 is the use state figure of brush；
Fig. 5 for refrigeration during and take out after eclosion rate change curve；
Marked in figure：1- bodies, 2- portable power sources, 3- DC micromotors, 4- variable-frequency governors, 5- battery folders, 6- electricity
Turn chuck, 7- brushes, 8- commutator transformers, 9- " u "-shaped bristles, 10- blades.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is described in further details with reference to specific embodiment, but the present invention does not limit to
In following technical scheme.
2016-2017 applicant's unit provides 100,000 in Honghe aphid parasite Breeding base by this scheme is high-quality
Mu flue-cured tobacco and the anti-required stiff aphid product that eliminates aphis of various other crops.
Embodiment 1 (numerous honeybee efficiency comparative of two kinds of tobacco seedlings types of rearing)
(1) tobacco seedlings are cultivated
Handle I (former method)：It is 66.5cm × 34cm × 5.5cm, 162 cave specifications with length × width × height in numerous honeybee canopy
Floating disc, by floating seedlings requirement seeding and seedling raising, every 162 plants of disk.When tobacco seedlings have 5 true leaves, by floating tobacco seedling leaf shearing
It is required that leaf of straight snips.
Handle II (the inventive method)：In same numerous honeybee canopy, with length × width × height be 66.5cm × 34cm × 3.5cm,
The floating disc of 595 cave specifications, by floating seedlings requirement seeding and seedling raising.The cigarette of neat stalwartness is selected when tobacco seedlings length to the cat ear phase
Seedling interlacing is implanted into special numerous honeybee drift disk, and often disk transplants 50 plants., will by floating tobacco seedling leaf shearing when nursery transplant has 5 true leaves
Seek leaf of straight snips.
(2) aphid, numerous aphid are connect
Handle I (former method)：When tobacco seedlings form the 6th true leaf, kind of an aphid leaf is laid in tobacco seedlings, blade back downwards,
Appoint cigarette aphid voluntarily to spread, when averagely there is about 10 heads/plant of cigarette aphid in tobacco seedlings, kind of an aphid leaf changed in new tobacco seedlings, connect after aphid and
When covered with the fly net of 60 mesh.
Handle II (the inventive method)：When tobacco seedlings form the 6th true leaf, kind of an aphid leaf is laid in tobacco seedlings, leaf back
Downwards, appoint cigarette aphid voluntarily to spread, when averagely there is about 13 heads/plant of cigarette aphid in tobacco seedlings, kind of an aphid leaf is changed in new tobacco seedlings, aphid is connect
Covered in time with the fly net of 60 mesh afterwards.
(3) honeybee, numerous honeybee are connect
Handle I (former method)：When average about 150/disk of aphid amount, by honeybee：Aphid compares 1：The stiff aphid of 50 accesses, connects after honeybee with 60
Mesh fly net covers drift disk, appoints into honeybee and finds cigarette aphid parasitism.
Handle II (the inventive method)：When average about 200/disk of aphid amount, by honeybee：Aphid compares 1：The stiff aphid of 10 accesses, connects honeybee
Drift disk is covered with 60 mesh fly nets afterwards, appoints into honeybee and finds cigarette aphid parasitism.
(4) numerous aphid, bee management
Sunshade net is packed up when connecing aphid, strengthens illumination；Routinely the management of floating tobacco seedlings requires to carry out water and fertilizer management, with tobacco seedlings
Keep vigorous growth, blade is light green is advisable；Tried one's best by the folding and unfolding of awning film and sunshade net make temperature of shed be maintained at 20 DEG C~
30℃。
(5) investigation statisticses
Using parallel sampling, from the 13d after honeybee is met to rear 20d, investigation 1 time daily, at the two ends and middle part of nursery pond
10 disk tobacco seedlings are extracted altogether, investigate its effective seedling amount.Then often disk respectively extracts 10 plants of tobacco seedlings, the parasitic aphid of statistics, stiff aphid quantity and plumage
Change quantity.
(6) breeding effect
As a result show, processing I is the direct sowing and seedling in smaller nursery cave, and tobacco seedling growth is irregular, in addition density height and aphid
Taking food for worm, causes part tobacco seedlings dead, and average effective tobacco seedlings are 101.4 plants, are shown in Table 1.Connecing 17d deadlocks aphid after honeybee quickly increases,
19d bee yields (stiff aphid+parasitism aphid) reach 24114/disk of maximum, and 17d~19d average stiff aphid amount is 12036/disk,
It is decreased obviously after 20d.Because tobacco seedlings density is higher, influence into parasitism of the honeybee to tobacco seedlings middle and lower part aphid, in addition plant honeybee quantity compared with
It is few, reach that the required time of effective parasitic amount is longer, cause stiff aphid to be formed extremely irregular, stiff aphid is formed while sprout wings, 17d
The eclosion rate that~19d deadlock aphids form peak period is climbed to 37.35% from 16.44%, averagely reaches 26.21%, highest has
The stiff aphid of effect is 9156/disk, and 8700/disk of average out to causes the Collection utilization rate of stiff aphid to substantially reduce, is shown in Table 2, Fig. 1.Processing
II is the consistent tobacco seedlings of establiss, and tobacco seedlings density is low, and ventilation and penetrating light is good, is cultivated in larger nursery cave, tobacco root system hair
Reach, Miao Zhuan, blade it is many, average tobacco seedlings quantity is 49.7 plants, is shown in Table 1.Connect 13d bee yields after honeybee and reach 17079/disk, 17d
Bee yield reaches 28998/disk of maximum, and 17d~19d average bee yield is to be decreased obviously after 28966/disk, 20d.By
In tobacco seedlings density is relatively low, to plant honeybee quantity more, substantially increases parasitic efficiency and stiff aphid forms regularity, 17d~19d deadlock aphid shapes
Eclosion rate into peak period is only 6.44%~9.18%, average out to 7.96%, and the effectively stiff aphid of highest is 15897/disk, average
For 15405/disk.Stiff aphid is concentrically formed in a short time, and the eclosion rate of peak period is relatively low, improves the Collection utilization of stiff aphid
Rate, is shown in Table 2, Fig. 1.
Effective stiff aphid seedling number (strain/disk) of 1 two kinds of tobacco seedlings density of table
The breeding effect of the numerous honeybee mode of 2 two kinds of table
Embodiment 2 (electronic stiff aphid collector makes)
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the collector includes body 1, portable power source to the electronic stiff aphid collector that the present embodiment is used
2nd, DC micromotor 3, variable-frequency governor 4, battery folders 5, electricity turn chuck 6, brush 7 and commutator transformer 8.
Body 1 is L-shaped, is easy to hand-held.The short side lower end of L-shaped body turns chuck provided with DC micromotor 3 and electricity
6.Electricity is installed provided with DC micromotor 3 inside body 1, on the power transmission shaft of DC micromotor 3 and turns chuck 6, electricity turns chuck 6
The upper bar of fixed brush 7；" u "-shaped brush head 7 is fixed on brush bar by four row's " u "-shaped shape bristles 9 and is made, " u "-shaped shape brush
The material of hair 9 is nylon wire；Fur brush is made by soft nylon wire.
Portable power source 2 or commutator transformer 8 are connected by variable-frequency governor 4 with DC micromotor 3；Portable power source 2 is consolidated
Due in battery folders 5.
Brush is placed in bristle when in use and can contact brush 7 after the distance of blade, startup by the collector to be rotated, " U "
Shape bristle, stiff aphid is caught, and the stiff aphid on blade 10 is smoothly swept down, Fig. 4 is seen.Portable power source 2 is fixed when using out of doors
In in battery folders 5, you can single-hand held is operated.Practical commutator transformer 8 is connected with power outlet and can made when using indoors
With.
Variable-frequency governor 4 can be adjusted the rotating speed of motor 3 between 500-1500r/min.Numerous to cigarette strain breeding bee method institute
When stiff aphid is collected, because the stiff aphid individual on these blades is big, hardness is high, close with blade adhesion, can be by becoming frequency modulation
The rotating speed of motor 3 is adjusted to 1000-1500r/min by fast device 4；When collecting the numerous stiff aphid of floating tobacco seedlings breeding bee method institute, due to these
Stiff aphid individual on blade is smaller, and hardness is low, not close with blade adhesion, the rotating speed of motor 3 can be adjusted into 500-1000r/
min.Damage is taken into account according to actual conditions and rotating speed is adjusted flexibly in efficiency during specific implementation.
Brush 7 used turns chuck 6 by electricity to be fixed, when brush 7 through practicality is after a while damaged or be infected with more
After debris, electricity can be loosened and turn chuck 6 by brushhead replacement or cleaned.
Embodiment 3 (stiff aphid collects, packs, refrigerated and low-temperature transport)
(1) stiff aphid is collected and packaging
By the numerous honeybee of the application method, largely formed and the low peak period of eclosion rate (connect honeybee after about 17d~19d) in stiff aphid,
Stiff aphid seedling is collected in time and transports to interior, aphid, parasitic aphid on stiff aphid leaf etc. is first swept off with the electronic stiff aphid collector of banister brush miscellaneous
Matter, then stiff aphid is collected for stiff aphid box making with the electronic stiff aphid collector of " u "-shaped hairbrush, stiff aphid 100~500 can be filled per box,
Particular number according to put honeybee need depending on；The bactericide aqueous solution spray of stiff aphid box is moistened after box body, then uses plastic bag sealing moisturizing, often
Wrap 50 boxes or 100 boxes；Or will remove after impurity, the stiff aphid leaf that stiff aphid is more, first with bactericide aqueous solution spray leaves moisting piece, then with watt
Stupefied paper roll turns into stiff aphid blade box into packing box is loaded after tubular, can fill stiff aphid 100~500 per box, and particular number is according to putting
Depending on honeybee needs, stiff aphid blade box need not moisten box body and sealing, moisturizing；The stiff aphid seedling that can not be timely used is placed in about 10~12
DEG C freezer in it is standby, the holding time no more than 2 days to be advisable.
(2) stiff aphid product refrigeration
The stiff aphid product made loads in bubble chamber, first pre- refrigeration 1 day in 10~12 DEG C of freezer, then it is transferred to 1~
Refrigerated in 10 DEG C of freezer.Every 5 days 3 boxes of taking-up are disposed within after refrigeration is allowed to sprout wings, and counts emergence quantity.At 1~10 DEG C
Under temperature match curing conditions, the eclosion rate of refrigeration 30 days is more than 80%, and the eclosion rate of refrigeration 35 days rapidly drops to 66.3%, i.e., effectively
The refrigeration phase is 30 days, is shown in Table 3, Fig. 5.The stiff aphid product used is needed in a short time, is placed in refrigeration 7 in 10~12 DEG C of freezer
My god, its eclosion rate is more than 90%.
Eclosion rate (%) after the stiff aphid product refrigeration of table 3
(3) stiff aphid product low-temperature transport
Packaged stiff aphid box product is put in the 0.05m equipped with varying number ice bag respectively3Bubble chamber in (per case
2500 boxes), case is interior to place humiture automatic recording instrument, and 20~35 DEG C of interiors are placed in after sealing, disposed within be allowed to regularly is taken out
Sprout wings and count the eclosion rate of wherein 5 boxes.According to humiture recorder temperature variations and eclosion rate, with more than 80% plumage
Rate is lower limit, produces haulage time with reference to table, is shown in Table 4.
Eclosion rate (%) of the stiff aphid product of table 4 under bubble chamber cryogenic conditions
| Time in case | Ice bag volume (L) | The temperature inside the box (DEG C) | Eclosion rate (%) |
| 12 | 1 | 5.3-13.5 | 94.2 |
| 24 | 2 | 5.3-13.5 | 95.0 |
| 36 | 3 | 5.2-14.6 | 94.1 |
| 48 | 4 | 4.8-13.4 | 93.2 |
| 60 | 4 | 4.6-14.9 | 93.5 |
| 72 | 5 | 4.2-14.8 | 91.3 |
| 84 | 7 | 3.9-14.5 | 90.2 |
| 96 | 8 | 3.1-14.6 | 89.5 |
| 108 | 10 | 2.1-14.1 | 88.3 |
| 120 | 10 | 2.3-14.7 | 87.6 |
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not the limitation for making other forms to the present invention, appoint
What those skilled in the art changed or be modified as possibly also with the technology contents of the disclosure above equivalent variations etc.
Imitate embodiment.But it is every without departing from technical solution of the present invention content, the technical spirit according to the present invention is to above example institute
Any simple modification, equivalent variations and the remodeling made, still fall within the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of aphidius gifuensis product industrial production method, it is characterised in that the described method comprises the following steps：
Step (1) is purified after planting aphid, kind honeybee Nature Conservation and rejuvenation；
Step (2) expands breeding aphid using large aperture seedling culture hole plate cultivating large seedling, plants honeybee；
Few substrate seedling-transplanting point numerous the honeybee of disk of step (3)：Sowed on the floating seedling tray of vesicle specification, treat tobacco seedlings length to cat
During the ear phase, consistent tobacco seedlings will be grown it will be transplanted to and cultivate into strong sprout on special numerous honeybee drift disk of big cave specification and be followed by aphid, when average
When aphid amount reaches 180~220 heads/plant, by honeybee：Aphid=1：8~12 ratio access kind honeybee；
Step (4) aphidius gifuensis is collected and packaging：When stiff aphid is largely formed, stiff aphid is collected with electronic stiff aphid collector, made
Stiff aphid box, or the aphidius gifuensis product of stiff stiff aphid blade two kinds of forms of box of aphid leaf production is collected, or the stiff aphid seedling of collection is used for field
Between discharge；
Step (5) aphidius gifuensis is refrigerated and stored：According to putting honeybee needs, the aphidius gifuensis product of making or in 1~10 DEG C of condition
Lower alternating temperature refrigeration, effectively refrigeration phase are 30 days；Or it is used for field adaptability in time；
The low-temperature transport of step (6) aphidius gifuensis product：Ice bag is placed in bubble chamber, the temperature inside the box was maintained at 2 in 5 days
~15 DEG C, to postpone into bee eclosion, meet long-distance transport needs.
2. aphidius gifuensis product industrial production method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (1) is according to locality
Weather conditions, low temperature arriving before, field also have cigarette aphid and aphidius gifuensis activity periods, out of doors under natural conditions alternately plant
A variety of non-cigarette host plants that cigarette aphid hobby takes food, trap cigarette aphid and aphidius gifuensis in environment, give free rein to breeding, parasitism；
When winter low temperature, unfavorable cigarette aphid and aphidius gifuensis breeding, child care in greenhouse or greenhouse is then transferred to；In a variety of non-cigarette host plants
After upper alternated propagation, cigarette aphid no longer carries tobacco virus；Breed under field conditions (factors), the strong stress resistance of cigarette aphid and aphidius gifuensis,
It is able to nature rejuvenation, detoxification.
3. aphidius gifuensis product industrial production method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (1) is in closure
Plantation flue-cured tobacco in good cover net, the cigarette aphid after inoculation rejuvenation is allowed to breeding, lasting to remove parasitic aphid, stiff aphid and into honeybee, until not
Untill occurring again；Irreproducible, all death of other aphids through mixing after a period of time on flue-cured tobacco due to other aphids,
Aphid is planted to be purified；Bred in the cigarette strain that kind aphid after purification is transferred in new cover net, the breeding purifying in another new cover net
Kind aphid, access rejuvenation after kind honeybee, due to the cigarette aphid in the not parasitic cigarette strain of other aphid parasites, through after a period of time, mixing
Other aphid parasites it is all dead, plant honeybee and purified；During numerous aphid, numerous honeybee, cover is online install it is automatic receive honeybee device or
It is artificial to remove hyperparasite honeybee and other insects.
4. aphidius gifuensis product industrial production method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2) is by the heart of 5 leaf 1
Tobacco seedlings be transplanted on the seedling culture hole plate of large aperture and continue to cultivate, connect aphid during 71 heart of leaf of tobacco seedlings, it is average to connect rejuvenation and purifying per young plant
Kind aphid afterwards 18~22, connects 15~17 days cigarette aphids after aphid and is largely formed, when average aphid amount reaches 800~1200 heads/plant
Kind aphid as the numerous honeybee of next step；According to said method numerous aphid, connects after aphid 9~11 days, and average aphid amount connects when reaching 280~320 heads/plant
Enter rejuvenation and kind honeybee after purification, connect honeybee amount and compare 1 by honeybee aphid：8~12 calculate；Stiff aphid leaf is hung in canopy or stiff aphid seedling is placed in
In nursery pond, bee eclosion, parasitism are allowed into；Connect 17~19 days stiff aphids after honeybee largely to be formed, you can the kind as the numerous honeybee of next step
Honeybee；Tobacco seedlings are lived with the numerous honeybee cover guard of 60 mesh in time after tobacco seedlings transplanting, until numerous aphid, numerous honeybee end-of-job.
5. aphidius gifuensis product industrial production method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (3) is in length × wide
Sowed on × a height of 665mm × 345mm × 35mm, the floating seedling tray of 595 cave specifications, when tobacco seedlings length to the cat ear phase, by life
Long consistent tobacco seedlings are transplanted to length × width × height to train on 665mm × 345mm × 55mm, special numerous honeybee drift disk of 50 cave specifications
Educate, aphid is connect by straight snips tobacco leaf 1 time, when cultivating into the strong sprout of the heart of 6 leaf 1, it is average that aphid 12~15 is inoculated with per young plant, connect 9 after aphid
~11 days, when average aphid amount reaches 180~220 heads/plant, stiff aphid seedling is placed in nursery pond, bee eclosion, parasitism is allowed into；
Honeybee amount is connect by honeybee：Aphid=1：8~12 ratio access kind honeybee, shortens the parasitic time, makes stiff aphid astogeny neat and consistent；Connect honeybee
17~19 days stiff aphids are largely formed afterwards, you can collected for stiff aphid and made product, or the stiff aphid seedling of collection is used for field adaptability；Tobacco seedlings
Tobacco seedlings are lived with the numerous honeybee cover guard of 60 mesh in time after transplanting, until numerous honeybee end-of-job.
6. aphidius gifuensis product industrial production method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (4) is described electronic
Stiff aphid collector includes body (1), portable power source (2), DC micromotor (3), variable-frequency governor (4), battery folders (5), electricity
Turn chuck (6), brush (7) and commutator transformer (8), the body (1) is provided with DC micromotor (3), micro DC
Electricity is installed on the power transmission shaft of machine (3) and turns chuck (6), electricity turns to fix brush (7) bar on chuck (6)；The brush (7) is by four rows
Or more " u "-shaped shape bristle (9) be fixed on brush bar and be made；The portable power source (2) or commutator transformer (8) are logical
Variable-frequency governor (4) is crossed with DC micromotor (3) to be connected；Portable power source (2) is fixed in battery folders (5).
7. aphidius gifuensis product industrial production method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (4) is big when stiff aphid
Stiff aphid leaf is collected when amount is formed, impurity is removed with electronic stiff aphid brush, stiff aphid is collected, stiff aphid, which loads in the box of customization, turns into stiff aphid
Box, box body is made up of outer box and inner box, and outer box are the square bodies of a both ends open, and inner box is that an one side is open and equipped with deadlock
The square groove of aphid；Or the stiff aphid leaf that will be removed after impurity, stiff aphid is more, first with bactericide aqueous solution moistening blade, then use corrugation
Paper roll turns into stiff aphid blade box into loading customization packing box after tubular；The box body of the stiff aphid of packaging is the paper material system for being easy to degraded
Make.
8. aphidius gifuensis product industrial production method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (5) basis puts honeybee
The stiff aphid box made is needed, is first moistened with the spray of the bactericide aqueous solution after box body, then uses plastic bag sealing moisturizing, the stiff aphid of good seal is stiff
Aphid it is box-packed enter bubble chamber in；Stiff aphid blade box need not moisten box body and sealing, moisturizing；The product of making is placed in 10~12 DEG C in time
Freezer in pre- refrigeration 1 day, then be transferred in 1~10 DEG C of freezer and refrigerate, effectively the refrigeration phase is 30 days, or is released in time for field
Put.
9. aphidius gifuensis product industrial production method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step (6) deadlock aphid product
Using the low-temperature transport mode of bubble chamber+ice bag, the need for haulage time, appropriate ice bag is placed in bubble chamber, makes case
Interior temperature was maintained at 2~15 DEG C in 5 days, postpones into the emergence of honeybee, meets long-distance transport needs.
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