CN107295965B - Novel tuber aquatic plant soilless three-dimensional anti-season dip irrigation cultivation method - Google Patents
Novel tuber aquatic plant soilless three-dimensional anti-season dip irrigation cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107295965B CN107295965B CN201610250070.1A CN201610250070A CN107295965B CN 107295965 B CN107295965 B CN 107295965B CN 201610250070 A CN201610250070 A CN 201610250070A CN 107295965 B CN107295965 B CN 107295965B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
- A01G31/06—Hydroponic culture on racks or in stacked containers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The novel tuber aquatic plant soilless three-dimensional out-of-season dip irrigation cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the cultivation pond is set into a constant temperature black room cultivation pond consisting of heat preservation layers, a heat preservation lighting shed is arranged outside the constant temperature black room cultivation pond, a three-dimensional support frame is arranged in the constant temperature black room cultivation pond, a reticular plastic plate or a galvanized steel wire mesh is laid on the three-dimensional support frame to serve as a tuber aquatic plant bearing platform and an anti-floating component, and a sponge layer with holes is placed on the bearing platform to serve as a nutrition and temperature maintaining layer of the tuber aquatic plants, female parent of the tuber aquatic plants are placed on the nutrition and temperature maintaining layer, a controllable heat source is introduced from the outside of the constant-temperature black room cultivation pool and is connected to all female parent units through a heat circulation pipeline, water and nutrient solution are irrigated among all female parent units, and a nutrient solution conveying pipeline is introduced from the inside or outside of the constant-temperature black room cultivation pool and is connected to all three-dimensional units of the female parent of the tuber aquatic plants to maintain all-weather all-dimensional mist spray irrigation when the pond is in nutrient supply interruption or the pond is not in need of irrigation, so that the soilless three-dimensional anti-season irrigation cultivation of the tuber.
Description
The technical field is as follows: a novel method for cultivating aquatic tuber plants by soilless three-dimensional anti-season dip irrigation belongs to the field of soilless three-dimensional anti-season cultivation of aquatic tuber plants.
Technical background: at present, the cultivation technique of the aquatic tuber plant by soilless three-dimensional anti-season dip irrigation is still in the exploration stage, and there is no precedent of the cultivation technique of the aquatic tuber plant by soilless three-dimensional anti-season dip irrigation in the true sense, so the development technique of the cultivation technique of the aquatic tuber plant by soilless three-dimensional anti-season dip irrigation in the true sense has: the method has the advantages of low labor consumption, time and labor saving, high yield, beautiful product, potential advantages of science popularization education and appreciation and huge market. The core of the soilless three-dimensional anti-season dip irrigation cultivation method for the aquatic tubers is as follows: arranging a constant-temperature black-room cultivating pond with a benzene board, an extruded sheet, a straw curtain or half-cooked fermented straw as a heat-insulating layer at the bottom and around a surrounding base, arranging a three-dimensional support frame in the constant-temperature black-room cultivating pond, arranging a reticular plastic board or a galvanized steel wire net on the three-dimensional support frame, arranging a porous sponge layer as a nutrition-maintaining layer and a temperature-maintaining layer on the plastic board or the galvanized steel wire net, placing a female parent of the aquatic plant to be cultivated on the porous sponge layer, then placing the porous sponge layer as the nutrition-maintaining layer and the temperature-maintaining layer on the female parent, arranging a transparent plastic film or a transparent sunlight board heat-insulating and light-collecting shed outside the black-room cultivating pond, covering the heat-insulating and light-collecting shed with a movable waterproof straw curtain, a sponge and a waste cotton bed as heat-insulating layer to regulate room temperature and natural light source, and under the condition that the nutrient solution in the constant-temperature black-room is dry or does not need to be soaked, a nutrient solution conveying pipeline is introduced into each three-dimensional unit from the inside or outside of a constant-temperature black room cultivation pool, a spray head serving as a nutrient maintaining system is arranged on the nutrient conveying pipeline between each three-dimensional unit, the nutrient solution is sprayed from the conveying pipeline in all weather and all around through a controllable nutrient source under the condition of no nutrient solution in the black room cultivation pool, a controllable heat source is introduced from the outside of the black room cultivation pool, heat is conveyed from a closed heat circulation pipeline to each or every plurality of three-dimensional unit layers to regulate and control the temperature of the black room cultivation pool so as to meet the normal growth condition of female parents, in order to ensure that tuber aquatic plants are influenced by light irradiation in the growth process, photosynthesis and the temperature in the black room cultivation pool are smoothly carried out after the tuber aquatic plants grow out of the black room, in order to ensure that stem leaves grow smoothly, a reticular plastic plate or a galvanized steel wire mesh is arranged on a three-dimensional support frame on the uppermost layer, and a black plastic film is, the plastic film is provided with a waterproof straw curtain, sponge with holes, a waste cotton bed and other heat-insulating materials as a waterproof heat-insulating layer, and the soilless three-dimensional anti-season dip irrigation cultivation of the tuber aquatic plants is realized through the above modes.
The invention content is as follows: in order to solve the problems that the traditional aquatic tuber plant collection wastes time, labor and labor, relieve the labor intensity of collection personnel, improve the yield of aquatic tubers, meet the science popularization education and appreciation of the aquatic tuber plants and realize the out-of-season cultivation of the aquatic tuber plants, the invention comprises the following steps: a novel method for cultivating tuber aquatic plants by soilless three-dimensional anti-season dip irrigation. A method for culturing the tuber-type aquatic plant without soil by three-dimensional reverse-season immersion irrigation includes such steps as arranging a constant-temp black-chamber culture pool made of benzene plate, extruded plastic plate, straw curtain or fermented straw on the bottom and surrounding base of hardened or unhardened ground, arranging a three-dimensional supporting frame on said black-chamber culture pool, arranging a netted plastic plate or galvanized steel wire net on said three-dimensional supporting frame, arranging a porous sponge layer as nutritive layer and temp keeping layer on said plastic plate or galvanized steel wire net, arranging a porous sponge layer as nutritive layer and temp keeping layer on said porous sponge layer, arranging a transparent plastic film or transparent sunlight plate as insulating layer on said mother pool, covering movable straw curtain, sponge and cotton bed as insulating layer on said insulating layer, regulating room temp and natural light source, under the condition that nutrient solution in the black room cultivation pond is dried or does not need to be irrigated by immersion, all-weather all-around spray irrigation through the nutrient solution conveying pipeline is realized under the condition that no nutrient solution exists in the black room cultivation pond by introducing the nutrient solution conveying pipeline to each three-dimensional unit and arranging spray heads on the nutrient conveying pipeline between each three-dimensional unit as a nutrient maintaining system, the temperature of the black room cultivation pond is regulated and controlled by introducing a controllable heat power source from the outside of the black room cultivation pond and conveying heat from the closed heat circulating pipeline to each or every plurality of three-dimensional unit layers to meet the normal growth condition of female parents, in order to ensure that tuber aquatic plants are influenced by light irradiation in the growth process, photosynthesis and the temperature in the black room cultivation pond are smoothly carried out after the tuber aquatic plants grow out in the black room, in order to ensure that stem leaves grow smoothly, a reticular plastic plate or a galvanized steel wire mesh is arranged on the three-dimensional support frame at the uppermost layer, the black plastic film is covered on the reticular plastic plate or the galvanized steel wire net, and the waterproof straw, the straw curtain, the waste sponge, the waste cotton bed and other heat-insulating materials are arranged on the plastic film, so that the soilless three-dimensional anti-season dip irrigation cultivation of the tuber aquatic plants is realized through the above modes. The novel tuber aquatic plant soilless three-dimensional anti-season dip irrigation cultivation method has the beneficial effects that: the method has the advantages of greatly reducing labor cost, facilitating collection, improving the yield of the tuber aquatic plants, realizing the factory cultivation of the tubers, and providing conditions for popular science education, appreciation and out-of-season cultivation of the aquatic tuber plants.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
1. step 1: the bottom heat-insulating layer of the black-chamber cultivation pool is fully paved on hardened or non-hardened ground or the bottom of the pond by adopting a benzene plate and an extruded plastic plate, then plain soil or cement mortar is used for leveling to be used as the protective layer, a wall body is built along the periphery of the bottom heat-insulating layer or the pond surrounding base is used as the black-chamber cultivation pool surrounding base, the benzene plate, the extruded plastic plate or a straw curtain or semi-cooked straw after fermentation is used as the black-chamber cultivation pool surrounding base heat-insulating layer in or outside the surrounding base, and the plain soil or the cement mortar protective layer is used.
2. Step 2: a plurality of layers of plastic netted isolation plates or galvanized steel wire nets are supported by wooden piles or steel pipes in a constant-temperature black room cultivation pool, a layer of sponge with holes is placed on the plastic netted isolation plates or the galvanized steel wire nets to serve as a nutrition keeping layer and a temperature keeping layer, tuber aquatic plant female parents are placed on the sponge layer, and then a layer of sponge with holes is covered to serve as the nutrition keeping layer and the temperature keeping layer.
3. And step 3: a controllable nutrient source is arranged in or outside the constant-temperature black room cultivation pool, nutrient solution is connected with a nutrient solution conveying pipeline through a submersible pump and conveyed to the space between every female parent unit of the constant-temperature black room cultivation pool, and a nozzle is arranged at a proper position to supply nutrient supply for the condition that the nutrient solution in the constant-temperature black room cultivation pool is dry or does not need to be irrigated by soaking.
4. And 4, step 4: a controllable heat source is arranged outside the constant-temperature black-room cultivation pool, and a closed thermodynamic cycle pipeline is connected between every female parent unit of the constant-temperature black-room cultivation pool and is used for regulating and controlling the temperature in the constant-temperature black-room cultivation pool to ensure that tuber aquatic plants grow normally under the condition of out-of-season.
5. And 5: the uppermost layer of the three-dimensional support frame is covered by a black plastic film, and a waterproof type heat-insulating layer is made by covering waterproof straw, a straw curtain, a waste cotton bed or waste sponge with holes.
6. Step 6: a heat-insulating light-collecting shed is erected outside the constant-temperature black room cultivation pool, the heat-insulating light-collecting shed is covered by a transparent plastic film or a transparent sunlight plate, and a movable waterproof straw, a straw curtain, sponge and a waste cotton bed are covered on the transparent plastic film or the transparent sunlight plate to serve as a movable heat-insulating layer on the light-collecting shed.
7. In order to observe the growth of the tuber aquatic plants during the period of popularization, appreciation and cultivation, transparent observation holes can be formed in transparent glass at the local part of a cultivation pool in a constant-temperature black room and sealed by an openable black plastic film.
Description of the drawings:
the attached drawings are as follows: the invention discloses a front perspective schematic diagram of a novel tuber aquatic plant soilless three-dimensional out-of-season dip irrigation cultivation method, which is a cultivation method aiming at all tuber aquatic plant soilless three-dimensional out-of-season cultivation, does not need to refine and mark specific sizes, and only needs to mark important core components and core technical principles of the invention in the form of a front perspective schematic diagram. The notation in this figure indicates:
1. a constant temperature black room cultivating pool 2, a constant temperature black room cultivating pool heat preservation layer 3, a three-dimensional support frame 4, a reticular plastic plate or galvanized steel wire mesh 5, a sponge layer 6 with holes, a tuber aquatic plant female parent 7, a controllable heat source 8, a closed thermodynamic cycle pipeline 9, a black plastic film 10, a waterproof heat preservation layer 11, a spray head 12, a nutrient solution conveying pipeline 13, a soaking nutrient solution 14, a heat preservation lighting shed 15, a movable heat preservation layer 16, a controllable nutrient source
The constant temperature black room cultivation pool is a main field and a main component for cultivating the tuber aquatic plants in a soilless three-dimensional anti-season dip irrigation mode, and the heat insulation layer of the constant temperature black room cultivation pool is a main component for ensuring the constant temperature of the constant temperature black room cultivation pool and is also a main component for realizing the anti-season cultivation of the tuber aquatic plants. The three-dimensional support frame is a main component for realizing the soilless three-dimensional immersion irrigation cultivation of the tuber aquatic plants, and is a main bearing and anti-floating component for supporting a reticular plastic plate or a galvanized steel wire mesh, a sponge layer with holes, tuber aquatic plant female parents, a closed thermal pipeline, a black plastic film, a waterproof heat-insulating layer, a spray head, a nutrient solution conveying pipeline and tuber aquatic plant seeds. The netted plastic board or galvanized steel wire net is the main component for realizing the soilless three-dimensional immersion irrigation cultivation of the tuber aquatic plant, is the main component for ensuring the normal growth of the stem and leaf of the tuber aquatic plant, and is also the main component for realizing the non-floating of the tuber aquatic plant. The sponge layer with holes is a main component for ensuring that female parents and male parents of the tuber aquatic plants maintain nutrient supply under the condition of nutrient supply interruption, is a main component for providing temperature maintenance for out-of-season cultivation of the tuber aquatic plants, and is a main component for realizing smooth growth of stems and leaves of the tuber aquatic plants. The controllable heat source is the main component for providing the constant temperature black room cultivating pool with the temperature needed by the out-of-season cultivation of the tuber aquatic plant and the most suitable for the normal growth and development of the tuber aquatic plant. The closed thermodynamic cycle pipeline is a main thermodynamic conveying and circulating component for realizing out-of-season cultivation of tuber aquatic plants and balancing the temperature and room temperature which are most suitable for normal growth and development of the tuber aquatic plants. The black plastic film is a constant temperature cultivating chamber under the non-photosynthesis condition and a main component for keeping the stem and leaf of the tuber aquatic plant to grow normally for the soilless three-dimensional anti-season dip irrigation cultivation of the tuber aquatic plant. The waterproof heat-insulating layer is a main component for keeping stem and leaf of the tuber aquatic plant normal growth and keeping the constant temperature of the black room culture pond. The spray head is a main component for supplying nutrition and spraying mist under the condition that the nutrient solution in the constant-temperature black room cultivating pond is dried and supplied in an interrupted manner or does not need to be irrigated by dipping. The nutrient solution conveying pipeline is a main component for supplying nutrient under the condition that the nutrient solution in the constant-temperature black-room cultivation pond is dried and is supplied in an interruption manner or does not need to be irrigated. The immersion irrigation nutrient solution is the most important way for realizing the main mode of keeping normal growth of the soilless three-dimensional cultivation of the tuber aquatic plants and reducing the cost of the soilless three-dimensional cultivation of the tuber aquatic plants. The heat-insulating lighting shed is a main component for realizing the normal growth of stem leaves of tuber aquatic plants after growing out of a constant-temperature black-chamber culture pond, and is the most main component for realizing the photosynthesis of the stem leaves under the out-of-season condition and maintaining the optimal growth and development condition temperature required by the stem leaves. The movable heat-insulating layer is a main component for realizing the normal growth of stem leaves of tuber aquatic plants after growing out of the constant-temperature black-room cultivation pool, and is the most main component for realizing the photosynthesis of the stem leaves under the out-of-season condition and maintaining the optimal growth and development condition temperature required by the stem leaves. The controllable nutrient source is a main component for supplying nutrient under the condition that nutrient solution in the constant-temperature black-chamber cultivating pool is dried and supplied in an interruption manner or does not need to be soaked and irrigated.
Claims (7)
1. The novel tuber aquatic plant soilless three-dimensional out-of-season dip irrigation cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: setting a constant temperature black room cultivating pond with a bottom and a surrounding base made of benzene board, extruded plastic board, straw curtain or half-cooked fermented straw as a heat preservation layer on the hardened or non-hardened ground, setting a three-dimensional support frame in the constant temperature black room cultivating pond, setting a reticular plastic board or a galvanized steel wire net on the three-dimensional support frame, setting a porous sponge layer as a nutrition maintenance layer and a temperature maintenance layer on the reticular plastic board or the galvanized steel wire net, placing the female parent of the aquatic plant to be cultivated on the nutrition maintenance layer and the temperature maintenance layer, then placing the nutrition maintenance layer and the temperature maintenance layer on the female parent, covering a waterproof heat preservation layer made of waterproof straw, straw curtain, waste sponge and waste cotton bed heat preservation material on the uppermost layer of the three-dimensional support frame or a black plastic film on the galvanized steel wire net, placing a transparent plastic film or a transparent sunlight board outside the constant temperature black room cultivating pond as a heat preservation and lighting shed, and a movable straw curtain, sponge and a waste cotton bed are covered on the heat-insulation daylighting shed to be used as a movable heat-insulation layer for regulating and controlling the room temperature and the natural light source, a controllable heat source is arranged outside the constant-temperature black room cultivation pool, the controllable heat source is connected to each female parent unit of the constant-temperature black room cultivation pool by adopting a closed heat circulation pipeline, is used for the out-of-season soaking cultivation of tuber aquatic plants, the nutrition supply of the tuber aquatic plants in the constant-temperature black room cultivation pool is cultivated by adopting nutrient solution soaking cultivation under normal conditions, under the condition that the nutrient solution is dry, is supplied in an off way or does not need to be irrigated, a controllable nutrient source is arranged in or outside a constant-temperature black room cultivation pool, a nutrient solution conveying pipeline is led from the outside to each three-dimensional unit, and a nozzle is arranged on a nutrition conveying pipeline between each three-dimensional unit to serve as a nutrition maintaining system, and the nutrition maintaining system is conveyed to each three-dimensional unit through a pipeline to spray the tuberous aquatic plants.
2. The novel tuber aquatic plant soilless three-dimensional out-of-season dip irrigation cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the constant temperature black room cultivating chamber consists of a controllable heat source arranged outside a constant temperature black room cultivating pool, a heat insulating layer of the ground and a surrounding base of the constant temperature black room cultivating pool, a black plastic film covered on the uppermost layer of a reticular plastic plate or a galvanized steel wire net of a three-dimensional support and a waterproof heat insulating layer, further, the heat insulating layer of the constant temperature black room cultivating pool consists of a benzene plate, an extruded sheet, a straw curtain or half-cooked straw covered after fermentation, and the waterproof heat insulating layer consists of waterproof straw, a straw curtain, a waste cotton bed or waste sponge with holes.
3. The novel tuber aquatic plant soilless three-dimensional out-of-season dip irrigation cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the heat-insulating and light-collecting shed outside the constant-temperature black room cultivation pool is composed of a movable waterproof heat-insulating layer and a base, wherein the movable waterproof heat-insulating layer is covered on the base and further composed of a waterproof straw curtain, sponge and a waste cotton bed, and the base of the heat-insulating and light-collecting shed outside the constant-temperature black room cultivation pool is constructed by a transparent plastic film or a transparent sunlight plate.
4. The novel tuber aquatic plant soilless three-dimensional out-of-season dip irrigation cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the main components for ensuring the normal growth of stem leaves of tuber aquatic plants and preventing the stem leaves from floating are composed of a three-dimensional support frame and a reticular plastic plate or a galvanized steel wire mesh fixed on the three-dimensional support frame.
5. The novel tuber aquatic plant soilless three-dimensional out-of-season dip irrigation cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the nutrition supply of the tuber aquatic plants is maintained by the nutrition maintaining layer under the condition that the nutrient solution in the constant-temperature black-room cultivation pool is dried and is supplied in an interrupted manner or does not need to be irrigated.
6. The novel tuber aquatic plant soilless three-dimensional out-of-season dip irrigation cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the temperature of the temperature maintaining layer formed by the sponge layer with holes is maintained after the heat source in the constant temperature black room cultivating pool is cut off.
7. The novel tuber aquatic plant soilless three-dimensional out-of-season dip irrigation cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the nutrition keeping layer and the temperature keeping layer supported by the reticular plastic plate or the galvanized steel wire net are composed of sponge with holes.
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| CN110338019A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-10-18 | 甘肃凯凯农业科技发展股份有限公司 | A kind of potato planting method using degradable mulch |
| CN111264245B (en) * | 2020-03-01 | 2022-11-18 | 京东方后稷科技(北京)有限公司 | Soilless culture big-arch shelter |
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