CN107266096A - 一种高炉用碳砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高炉用碳砖及其制备方法。其技术方案是:先将煤焦油沥青、硬脂酸盐、多聚磷酸、表面活性剂、添加剂和络合剂混匀,热处理,破碎,筛分,得到粒度小于0.088mm的筛分料A;再将筛分料A、马来酸、氧化锌粉、铜粉和络合剂混匀,热处理,破碎,筛分,得到粒度小于0.088mm的筛分料B。然后将粒径为8~1mm的电煅无烟煤、粒径小于1mm且大于等于0.088mm的电煅无烟煤、土状石墨、筛分料B和锰粉混合,在140~180℃条件下热混5~30分钟,振动成型,在埋碳气氛中于1200~1500℃条件下焙烧5~8小时,制得高炉用碳砖。本发明工艺简单、原料来源广和生产成本低,所制备的高炉用碳砖具有强度高、导热系数大和抗铁水熔损性能优异的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于碳砖技术领域。具体涉及一种高炉用碳砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
高炉是钢铁冶金行业中利用铁矿石-焦炭还原法生产铁水的主体设备。随着高炉向现代化、大型化发展和实现强化冶炼技术,延长高炉寿命成为钢铁企业降耗增效的主要途径。决定高炉寿命的区域主要是炉底和炉缸区域,尤其是铁口及铁口以下的异常侵蚀区域。由于炭质耐火材料具有导热性好、热震稳定性高、热膨胀系数低以及与铁亲和性差等优点而被广泛用作炉衬材料。炉衬材料工作环境恶劣,对其使用寿命的影响因素众多。因此,开发具有抗铁水侵蚀性和抗氧化性优异、导热率高的高炉用碳砖,对于延长高炉寿命,保证高炉安全生产具有重要意义。
现有的高炉用碳砖通常以无烟煤、石墨和石油焦等为主要原料,以沥青为粘结剂,经不同温度焙烧而成。现有技术制备的高炉用碳砖,由于沥青挥发份高及残炭率较低,使制得的碳砖强度、导热系数和抗熔损性能下降;采用树脂作为添加剂或结合剂,虽便于产品的低温或常温成型,但会显著提高成本,另外,树脂炭化后形成非晶态的玻璃碳,导热差和残炭率低,大大降低了碳砖的导热性能。
发明内容
本发明旨在克服现有技术存在的缺陷,目的是提供一种工艺简单、原料来源广和生产成本低的高炉用碳砖的制备方法,用该方法制备的高炉用碳砖强度高、导热系数大和抗铁水熔损性能优异。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案的具体步骤是:
第一步,将60~80wt%的煤焦油沥青、1~10wt%的硬脂酸盐、1~10wt%的多聚磷酸、1~10wt%的表面活性剂、1~5wt%的添加剂和1~5wt%的络合剂混合均匀,在100~200℃条件下热处理2~5小时,冷却至室温,破碎,筛分,得到粒度小于0.088mm的筛分料A。
第二步,将70~90wt%的所述筛分料A、1~10wt%的马来酸、1~5wt%的氧化锌粉、1~5wt%的铜粉和1~10wt%的所述络合剂混合均匀,在100~200℃条件下热处理2~5小时,冷却至室温,破碎,筛分,得到粒度小于0.088mm的筛分料B。
第三步,将30~50wt%的粒度为8~1mm的电煅无烟煤、5~15wt%的粒度小于1mm且大于等于0.088mm的电煅无烟煤、10~30wt%的土状石墨、5~20wt%的所述筛分料B和1~10wt%的锰粉混合,在140~180℃条件下热混5~30分钟,振动成型,然后在埋碳气氛中于1200~1500℃条件下焙烧5~8小时,制得高炉用碳砖。
所述煤焦油沥青的颗粒粒度小于0.088mm,所述煤焦油沥青的软化点为80~120℃。
所述硬脂酸盐为硬脂酸铝或为硬脂酸锌,所述硬脂酸盐的颗粒粒度小于0.088mm。
所述多聚磷酸的P2O5含量大于85wt%。
所述表面活性剂为琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠或为十六醇琥珀酸单酯璜酸钠。
所述添加剂为硫酸铝或为硝酸铝,所述硫酸铝的Al2(SO4)3·18H2O含量大于99wt%,所述硝酸铝的Al(NO3)3·9H2O含量大于99wt%;所述添加剂的颗粒粒度小于0.045mm。
所述络合剂为无水草酸或为一水柠檬酸,所述络合剂的纯度大于99wt%。
所述马来酸的纯度大于99wt%,所述马来酸的颗粒粒度小于0.088mm。
所述氧化锌粉的ZnO含量大于99wt%,所述氧化锌粉的颗粒粒度小于0.088mm。
所述铜粉的Cu含量大于99wt%,所述铜粉的颗粒粒度小于0.088mm。
所述土状石墨的颗粒粒度小于0.088mm。
所述锰粉的Mn含量大于99wt%,所述锰粉的颗粒粒度小于0.088mm。
由于采用上述技术方案,本发明与现有技术相比具有如下积极效果:
1、本发明利用不同种类原料在高温条件下的反应性,形成炭质结合为主的微结构增强,辅以不同种类原料的颗粒搭配,提高了高炉用碳砖对外部应力的抵抗能力,所制备的高炉用碳砖强度高。
2、本发明利用添加剂、络合剂及其他原料对煤焦油沥青、土状石墨等原料在高炉用碳砖中结构演变的调节作用,不但促进了炭质结合相在材料中的形成,更为重要的是提高了材料的致密度,实现了炭质网络在材料结构中的三维贯通,所制得的高炉用碳砖具有较高的导热系数和优异的抗铁水熔损性能。
3、本发明根据高炉用碳砖的结构与性能特点,将制备过程分步控制,调节了炭质原料的炭化进程,实现了对高炉用碳砖结构和性能的巧妙控制。因此,不仅所采用的原料来源广,且生产工艺简单和生产成本低。
4、本发明制备的高炉用碳砖经检测:耐压强度大于60MPa;导热系数(600℃)大于35W/( m·K);抗铁水熔损性能优异(溶蚀指数小于6.5%)。
因此,本发明工艺简单、原料来源广和生产成本低,所制备的高炉用碳砖具有强度高、导热系数大和抗铁水熔损性能优异的特点。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的描述,并非对其保护范围的限制。
为避免重复,先将本具体实施方式所涉及的原料统一描述如下,实施例中不再赘述:
所述煤焦油沥青的颗粒粒度小于0.088mm,所述煤焦油沥青的软化点为80~120℃。
所述硬脂酸铝和硬脂酸锌的颗粒粒度小于0.088mm。
所述多聚磷酸的P2O5含量大于85wt%。
所述硫酸铝的Al2(SO4)3·18H2O含量大于99wt%,所述硝酸铝的Al(NO3)3·9H2O含量大于99wt%;所述硫酸铝和硝酸铝的颗粒粒度小于0.045mm。
所述无水草酸和一水柠檬酸的纯度大于99wt%。
所述马来酸的纯度大于99wt%,所述马来酸的颗粒粒度小于0.088mm。
所述氧化锌粉的ZnO含量大于99wt%,所述氧化锌粉的颗粒粒度小于0.088mm。
所述铜粉的Cu含量大于99wt%,所述铜粉的颗粒粒度小于0.088mm。
所述土状石墨的颗粒粒度小于0.088mm。
所述锰粉的Mn含量大于99wt%,所述锰粉的颗粒粒度小于0.088mm。
实施例1
一种高炉用碳砖及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法的步骤是:
第一步,将60~70wt%的煤焦油沥青、5~10wt%的硬脂酸铝、5~10wt%的多聚磷酸、5~10wt%的琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠、1~5wt%的硫酸铝和1~5wt%的无水草酸混合均匀,在100~200℃条件下热处理2~5小时,冷却至室温,破碎,筛分,得到粒度小于0.088mm的筛分料A。
第二步,将70~80wt%的所述筛分料A、5~10wt%的马来酸、1~5wt%的氧化锌粉、1~5wt%的铜粉和5~10wt%的无水草酸混合均匀,在100~200℃条件下热处理2~5小时,冷却至室温,破碎,筛分,得到粒度小于0.088mm的筛分料B。
第三步,将40~50wt%的粒度为8~1mm的电煅无烟煤、10~15wt%的粒度小于1mm且大于等于0.088mm的电煅无烟煤、20~30wt%的土状石墨、5~10wt%的所述筛分料B和1~10wt%的锰粉混合,在140~180℃条件下热混5~30分钟,振动成型,然后在埋碳气氛中于1200~1400℃条件下焙烧5~8小时,制得高炉用碳砖。
本实施例制备的高炉用碳砖的性能经检测:耐压强度大于60MPa,导热系数(600℃)大于35W/( m·K),抗铁水熔损性能优异(溶蚀指数小于6.5%)。
实施例2
一种高炉用碳砖及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法的步骤是:
第一步,将70~80wt%的煤焦油沥青、1~5wt%的硬脂酸锌、5~10wt%的多聚磷酸、1~5wt%的十六醇琥珀酸单酯璜酸钠、1~5wt%的硝酸铝和1~5wt%的一水柠檬酸混合均匀,在100~200℃条件下热处理2~5小时,冷却至室温,破碎,筛分,得到粒度小于0.088mm的筛分料A。
第二步,将80~90wt%的所述筛分料A、1~5wt%的马来酸、1~5wt%的氧化锌粉、1~5wt%的铜粉和1~5wt%的一水柠檬酸混合均匀,在100~200℃条件下热处理2~5小时,冷却至室温,破碎,筛分,得到粒度小于0.088mm的筛分料B。
第三步,将30~40wt%的粒度为8~1mm的电煅无烟煤、5~10wt%的粒度小于1mm且大于等于0.088mm的电煅无烟煤、20~30wt%的土状石墨、10~20wt%的所述筛分料B和1~10wt%的锰粉混合,在140~180℃条件下热混5~30分钟,振动成型,然后在埋碳气氛中于1300~1500℃条件下焙烧5~8小时,制得高炉用碳砖。
本实施例制备的高炉用碳砖的性能经检测:耐压强度大于65MPa,导热系数(600℃)大于38W/( m·K),抗铁水熔损性能优异(溶蚀指数小于6.5%)。
实施例3
一种高炉用碳砖及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法的步骤是:
第一步,将70~80wt%的煤焦油沥青、5~10wt%的硬脂酸铝、1~5wt%的多聚磷酸、1~5wt%的十六醇琥珀酸单酯璜酸钠、1~5wt%的硝酸铝和1~5wt%的一水柠檬酸混合均匀,在100~200℃条件下热处理2~5小时,冷却至室温,破碎,筛分,得到粒度小于0.088mm的筛分料A。
第二步,将70~80wt%的所述筛分料A、5~10wt%的马来酸、1~5wt%的氧化锌粉、1~5wt%的铜粉和5~10wt%的无水草酸混合均匀,在100~200℃条件下热处理2~5小时,冷却至室温,破碎,筛分,得到粒度小于0.088mm的筛分料B。
第三步,将35~45wt%的粒度为8~1mm的电煅无烟煤、10~15wt%的粒度小于1mm且大于等于0.088mm的电煅无烟煤、10~20wt%的土状石墨、10~20wt%的所述筛分料B和1~10wt%的锰粉混合,在140~180℃条件下热混5~30分钟,振动成型,然后在埋碳气氛中于1200~1400℃条件下焙烧5~8小时,制得高炉用碳砖。
本实施例制备的高炉用碳砖的性能经检测:耐压强度大于65MPa,导热系数(600℃)大于40W/( m·K),抗铁水熔损性能优异(溶蚀指数小于6.5%)。
实施例4
一种高炉用碳砖及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法的步骤是:
第一步,将60~70wt%的煤焦油沥青、5~10wt%的硬脂酸铝、5~10wt%的多聚磷酸、5~10wt%的琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠、1~5wt%的硫酸铝和1~5wt%的无水草酸混合均匀,在100~200℃条件下热处理2~5小时,冷却至室温,破碎,筛分,得到粒度小于0.088mm的筛分料A。
第二步,将80~90wt%的所述筛分料A、1~5wt%的马来酸、1~5wt%的氧化锌粉、1~5wt%的铜粉和1~5wt%的一水柠檬酸混合均匀,在100~200℃条件下热处理2~5小时,冷却至室温,破碎,筛分,得到粒度小于0.088mm的筛分料B。
第三步,将30~40wt%的粒度为8~1mm的电煅无烟煤、5~10wt%的粒度小于1mm且大于等于0.088mm的电煅无烟煤、20~30wt%的土状石墨、10~20wt%的所述筛分料B和1~10wt%的锰粉混合,在140~180℃条件下热混5~30分钟,振动成型,然后在埋碳气氛中于1300~1500℃条件下焙烧5~8小时,制得高炉用碳砖。
本实施例制备的高炉用碳砖的性能经检测:耐压强度大于60MPa,导热系数(600℃)大于40W/( m·K),抗铁水熔损性能优异(溶蚀指数小于6.5%)。
本具体实施方式与现有技术相比具有如下积极效果:
1、本具体实施方式利用不同种类原料在高温条件下的反应性,形成炭质结合为主的微结构增强,辅以不同种类原料的颗粒搭配,提高了高炉用碳砖对外部应力的抵抗能力,所制备的高炉用碳砖强度高。
2、本具体实施方式利用添加剂、络合剂及其他原料对煤焦油沥青、土状石墨等原料在高炉用碳砖中结构演变的调节作用,不但促进了炭质结合相在材料中的形成,更为重要的是提高了材料的致密度,实现了炭质网络在材料结构中的三维贯通,所制得的高炉用碳砖具有较高的导热系数和优异的抗铁水熔损性能。
3、本具体实施方式根据高炉用碳砖的结构与性能特点,将制备过程分步控制,调节了炭质原料的炭化进程,实现了对高炉用碳砖结构和性能的巧妙控制。因此,不仅所采用的原料来源广,且生产工艺简单和生产成本低。
4、本具体实施方式制备的高炉用碳砖经检测:耐压强度大于60MPa;导热系数(600℃)大于35W/( m·K);抗铁水熔损性能优异(溶蚀指数小于6.5%)。
因此,本具体实施方式工艺简单、原料来源广和生产成本低,所制备的高炉用碳砖具有强度高、导热系数大和抗铁水熔损性能优异的特点。
Claims (13)
1.一种高炉用碳砖的制备方法,其特征在于所述制备方法的具体步骤是:
第一步,将60~80wt%的煤焦油沥青、1~10wt%的硬脂酸盐、1~10wt%的多聚磷酸、1~10wt%的表面活性剂、1~5wt%的添加剂和1~5wt%的络合剂混合均匀,在100~200℃条件下热处理2~5小时,冷却至室温,破碎,筛分,得到粒度小于0.088mm的筛分料A;
第二步,将70~90wt%的所述筛分料A、1~10wt%的马来酸、1~5wt%的氧化锌粉、1~5wt%的铜粉和1~10wt%的所述络合剂混合均匀,在100~200℃条件下热处理2~5小时,冷却至室温,破碎,筛分,得到粒度小于0.088mm的筛分料B;
第三步,将30~50wt%的粒度为8~1mm的电煅无烟煤、5~15wt%的粒度小于1mm且大于等于0.088mm的电煅无烟煤、10~30wt%的土状石墨、5~20wt%的所述筛分料B和1~10wt%的锰粉混合,在140~180℃条件下热混5~30分钟,振动成型,然后在埋碳气氛中于1200~1500℃条件下焙烧5~8小时,制得高炉用碳砖。
2.根据权利要求1所述高炉用碳砖的制备方法,其特征在于所述煤焦油沥青的颗粒粒度小于0.088mm,所述煤焦油沥青的软化点为80~120℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述高炉用碳砖的制备方法,其特征在于所述硬脂酸盐为硬脂酸铝或为硬脂酸锌,所述硬脂酸盐的颗粒粒度小于0.088mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述高炉用碳砖的制备方法,其特征在于所述多聚磷酸的P2O5含量大于85wt%。
5.根据权利要求1所述高炉用碳砖的制备方法,其特征在于所述表面活性剂为琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠或为十六醇琥珀酸单酯璜酸钠。
6.根据权利要求1所述高炉用碳砖的制备方法,其特征在于所述添加剂为硫酸铝或为硝酸铝,所述硫酸铝的Al2(SO4)3·18H2O含量大于99wt%,所述硝酸铝的Al(NO3)3·9H2O含量大于99wt%;所述添加剂的颗粒粒度小于0.045mm。
7.根据权利要求1所述高炉用碳砖的制备方法,其特征在于所述络合剂为无水草酸或为一水柠檬酸,所述络合剂的纯度大于99wt%。
8.根据权利要求1所述高炉用碳砖的制备方法,其特征在于所述马来酸的纯度大于99wt%,所述马来酸的颗粒粒度小于0.088mm。
9.根据权利要求1所述高炉用碳砖的制备方法,其特征在于所述氧化锌粉的ZnO含量大于99wt%,所述氧化锌粉的颗粒粒度小于0.088mm。
10.根据权利要求1所述高炉用碳砖的制备方法,其特征在于所述铜粉的Cu含量大于99wt%,所述铜粉的颗粒粒度小于0.088mm。
11.根据权利要求1所述高炉用碳砖的制备方法,其特征在于所述土状石墨的颗粒粒度小于0.088mm。
12.根据权利要求1所述高炉用碳砖的制备方法,其特征在于所述锰粉的Mn含量大于99wt%,所述锰粉的颗粒粒度小于0.088mm。
13.一种高炉用碳砖,其特征在于所述高炉用碳砖是根据权利要求1~12项中任一项所述高炉用碳砖的制备方法所制备的高炉用碳砖。
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CN104326756A (zh) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-02-04 | 中冶南方邯郸武彭炉衬新材料有限公司 | 一种超微孔炭砖用沥青结合剂及其制备方法 |
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JPS59195580A (ja) * | 1983-04-18 | 1984-11-06 | 川崎製鉄株式会社 | 高炉用炭素質れんが |
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