CN107254210B - 一种三聚磷酸铝基复合防腐颜料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种三聚磷酸铝基复合防腐颜料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
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- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(dioxo)chromium Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O NDKWCCLKSWNDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/08—Anti-corrosive paints
- C09D5/082—Anti-corrosive paints characterised by the anti-corrosive pigment
- C09D5/084—Inorganic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/38—Condensed phosphates
- C01B25/40—Polyphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K2003/321—Phosphates
- C08K2003/327—Aluminium phosphate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/02—Ingredients treated with inorganic substances
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于无机化学技术领域,具体涉及一种三聚磷酸铝基复合防腐颜料的制备方法。本发明采用一步合成法制备超细三聚磷酸铝基复合防腐颜料,实现了改性、二次破碎的一步完成,大大提高了材料了防腐性能,简化了制备工艺,节省了能源,降低了生产成本,并且在生产过程中不产生废水、废渣等工业污染,属于绿色化学范畴。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于无机化学领域,具体涉及一种三聚磷酸铝基复合防腐颜料的制备方法。
背景技术
全世界每年因金属腐蚀所造成的经济损失达7000亿美元,约为地震火灾台风等自然灾害损失总和的6倍。因此,大力开发优异的金属腐蚀防护方法显得至关重要,其中防止金属腐蚀最有效最常用的方法之一是在金属表面涂敷防腐蚀涂层,而在防腐涂层中,起关键作用的是防锈颜料,尤其对于新兴的水性防腐涂料尤为如此。长期以来,涂料工业使用的含铅铬等有毒重金属的防锈颜料虽然具有优异的防锈性能,但它们对人体及环境所造成的严重危害和污染是众所周知的,因此,这类颜料的生产与使用逐步受到限制。迄今为止,已经开发和研制了磷酸盐系钼酸盐系硼酸盐系列等多种低毒或无毒防锈颜料,其中以磷酸盐系列颜料性能为最。但是大量的应用研究表明,磷酸盐防锈效果突出,但在水性防锈底漆中尚未能全面取代上述有毒颜料,这主要是因为单一磷酸盐防锈颜料都存在某些缺陷,还需要进一步研究探讨。
三聚磷酸铝作为无毒防锈颜料用于涂料工业的开发和应用, 直到70年代才由日本的帝国公司实现,,并于1981年以K-White命名的产品进入市场。截至目前,该公司为适应不同基料系统的使用,以三聚磷酸铝为基础开发了多种不同型号的产品。作为一种白色防锈颜料,三聚磷酸铝具有色白,无毒,防锈力强,成本较低等优点,代替了目前防锈颜料中的铬、铅等有毒金属;它可作为碱式硅酸盐固化获得耐水性;还可用它制造无定性耐火物、无机涂料、无机粘结剂、无机模制品等多种产品;三聚磷酸铝也可作为吸附剂,尤其与活性炭等吸附剂配合,用途将更为广泛;同时还可以作为催化剂使用。
以三聚磷酸铝为主体经改性而成的白色防锈颜料是一种理想的取代物。它的防锈性能优异且不含六价铬等有害金属,又是白色粉末,漆膜不带颜色。用于底漆不必用隐蔽剂,漆膜根据需要可配上各种鲜艳的颜色和进行任意的精加工。可制备各种耐水、耐酸防蚀涂料。如:气干型长油度醇酸漆、水溶性醇酸烘漆、热固型丙烯酸漆、环氧底漆、无机富锌漆和洗涤底漆等。用于钢铁、轮船、汽车、机床、食品金属容器、家 用电器等的涂装。其防锈性能等于或优于铬酸锌,对金属的切割部位防锈性能特别弧,尤其对防止锌白锈的发生卓有成效。因此,对三聚磷酸铝的研究成为有现实意义的课题。
目前已有一些关于三聚磷酸铝的制备及改性技术,比如,姜永红等人的发明专利(申请号CN201510994691.6)提供了一种利用甲基二氯化磷生产废弃物制备三聚磷酸铝的方法。以氯甲烷、三氯化铝和三氯化磷为原料,反应生成的络合物在铝粉的催化下还原,蒸出产物甲基二氯化磷后的废弃物中加入磷酸或磷酸盐,在250~450℃的高温下发生缩合反应,反应完成后,洗涤、干燥、微粉碎,得到三聚磷酸铝产品。实现了甲基二氯化磷制备的三元络合物路线的废弃物资源化利用。余芳等人的发明专利(申请号:CN201310518056.1)提供了一种改性三聚磷酸铝的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将三聚磷酸铝和氧化锌在水中混合,得到混合浆料;将所述混合浆料进行研磨,得到改性三聚磷酸铝。本发明以三聚磷酸铝为原料,采用锌改性剂、镁改性剂、钙改性剂和硅改性剂中的一种或几种对其进行改性,将三聚磷酸铝和改性剂在水中混合后,将得到的浆料进行研磨后,即可得到改性三聚磷酸铝。本发明提供的方法工艺步骤简单、耗时短,提高了改性三聚磷酸铝的生产效率。而且,本发明提供的制备方法得到的改性三聚磷酸铝粒度分布均匀,纯度高,品质好,利于其应用。黄增尉等人的发明(申请号:CN201310441561.0)公开了一种高性价比的改性三聚磷酸铝防锈颜料及其制备方法,其原料组分和重量份数:三聚磷酸铝100份、氧化锌20-50份、含10-30%碱式硫酸铝钾的粉体30-300份、水200-500份。高性价比的改性三聚磷酸铝是通过改变填料的种类和加入量、不需要再添加其他填料制备而成,然后在进行化学改性反应,使三聚磷酸二氢铝的酸性发生改变,制备得到本颜料产品。经该方法改性的三聚磷酸铝防锈性能优异,能够用于各种树脂体系的防锈涂料中,由于填料价格低廉又是一种物理防锈颜料,因此能显著提高改性三聚磷酸铝颜料的性价比。制备反应条件要求不高,工艺简单,操作容易,易于工业化生产,生产成本较低,经济效益和社会效益较好。袁爱群等人的发明(申请号:CN201310441453.3)公开了用于中低端涂料的改性三聚磷酸铝防锈颜料及其制备方法,其原料组分和重量份数:三聚磷酸二氢铝100份、偏硼酸盐0.5-50份、含10-30%碱式硫酸铝钾的粉体40-400份、水150-550份。该用于中低端涂料的改性三聚磷酸铝是通过两种改性剂改性、不需要再添加二氧化硅填料制备而成,然后在两步改性下进行化学改性,使三聚磷酸二氢铝的酸性发生改变,制备得到本颜料产品。改性的三聚磷酸铝防锈性能优异,能用于各种树脂体系的防锈涂料中,而改性剂价格低廉,因此扩大改性三聚磷酸铝防锈颜料在中低端涂料中的使用。制备反应条件要求不高,工艺简单,操作容易,易于工业化生产,生产成本较低,经济效益和社会效益较好。张建新等人的发明(申请号:CN201110094460.1)涉及一种改性三聚磷酸铝高效防锈颜料,尤其涉及一种防腐性能优异、环保的改性三聚磷酸铝防锈颜料。其特征在于所述的改性三聚磷酸铝防锈颜料各组分重量比为三聚磷酸铝55.0~65.0,钼酸盐类物质1.0~3.5,改性填料35.0~40.0的,PH调节剂2.0~5.0,表面改性助剂0.2~1.0。本发明使用钼酸盐类物质对三聚磷酸铝进行改性,所制备的改性三聚磷酸铝防锈颜料具有优异的防腐性能,是传统红丹防锈颜料的理想替代品。张建新等人的发明(申请号:CN201110094458.4)涉及了一种三聚磷酸铝掺杂聚苯胺防锈颜料及其制备方法,其特征在于各组份的重量份数比为苯胺16.0~20.0,三聚磷酸铝62.0~70.0,pH调节剂2.0~3.0,氧化剂14.0~19.0,乳化剂0.5~1.0,表面改性剂1.0~2.0。本发明使用三聚磷酸铝固体酸对聚苯胺进行掺杂,极大的提到了其防腐性能,加速了聚苯胺作为防腐材料在涂料中应用的步伐。
通过现有技术对比分析发现,探索新型的三聚磷酸铝改性技术,充分发挥三聚磷酸铝基复合防腐颜料的优势,将会产生可观的社会效益和经济效益。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出三聚磷酸铝基复合防腐颜料的制备方法,获得粒径均匀、防腐性能优良的无机复合防腐颜料。
本发明探索出的三聚磷酸铝基复合防腐颜料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:a,称取一定量的氢氧化铝和磷酸(使P和Al的摩尔比为2.5: 1),置于瓷坩埚中,水浴加热条件下搅拌,直到混合物转变为半透明粘稠状液体;b,将瓷坩埚放入烘箱中,使混合物继续进行中和反应2 h;c,待混合物反应完全后,将瓷坩埚转移到马弗炉中进行缩合反应,得到体系A;d,将碳酸锌粉体均匀分散于去离子水中,得到碳酸锌的分散体系B;e,待缩合反应结束,立即将分散体系B喷于热的体系A上,缩合物得到粉碎;f,将所得产物进行抽滤、洗涤、干燥,即得到三聚磷酸铝基复合防腐颜料。
该制备方法是采用碳酸锌分散体系进行三聚磷酸铝的破碎和改性一步完成。利用ZnCO3受热分解以及与体系中存在的H+反应产生的CO2气体,实现了将三聚磷酸铝缩合物的二次破碎,得到粒径更小的三聚磷酸铝基复合颜料。这种小粒径的三聚磷酸铝基复合防腐颜料可更加均匀地分散于环氧树脂涂料中,与环氧树脂紧密结合,有利于提高涂层的抗渗透能力。另外,酸性的三聚磷酸铝会与金属或涂料中的助剂发生反应,而碱性ZnCO3的加入使得三聚磷酸铝基复合防腐防腐颜料偏向于中性,解决了闪锈问题,有利于磷酸盐颜料更好的发挥腐蚀保护的优势。在此协同条件下,三聚磷酸根或其分解生成的磷酸根、焦磷酸根等可以更加顺利地与Fe2+、 Fe3+发生螯合,在金属表面生成一层致密的钝化膜,阻碍腐蚀剂的渗透。据阻抗数据显示,同比于传统方法制备的三聚磷酸铝,本发明制备的三聚磷酸铝基复合防腐涂层阻抗数值可以增大7倍以上。
本发明中缩合反应采用的温度为290~320 ℃,缩合反应的时间为2~4 h。
本发明具有如下优点:
1、本发明首次采用一步合成法制备超细三聚磷酸铝基复合防腐颜料,实现了改性、二次破碎的一步完成。
2、本发明大大简化了制备工艺,节省了能源,降低了生产成本,并且在生产过程中不产生废水、废渣等工业污染,属于绿色化学范畴。
实施例:
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1
a,称取0.78 g Al(OH)3(0.01 mol)和1.7 mL密度为1.69 g/mL的磷酸(0.025mol)(使P和Al的摩尔比为2.5: 1),置于瓷坩埚中,放入90 °C水浴锅中搅拌15 min,直到混合物转变为半透明粘稠状液体;b,将瓷坩埚放入90 °C烘箱中,使混合物继续进行中和反应2 h;c,待混合物反应完全,立即将瓷坩埚转移到300 ℃的马弗炉中,进行缩合反应4 h;d,将0.625 g ZnCO3 (0.005 mol)均匀分散于盛有30 mL 60 °C去离子水的喷水壶中,得到浆体A;e,待缩合反应结束,立即将浆体A喷于热的三聚磷酸铝缩合物上,缩合物得到粉碎;f,将所得产物进行抽滤、洗涤、干燥,即得到三聚磷酸铝基复合防腐颜料。根据阻抗测试结果,同比于传统方法制备的三聚磷酸铝,三聚磷酸铝基复合防腐涂层阻抗数值可以增大7.5倍。
实施例2
a,称取0.78 g Al(OH)3(0.01 mol)和1.7 mL密度为1.69 g/mL的磷酸(0.025mol)(使P和Al的摩尔比为2.5: 1),置于瓷坩埚中,放入90 °C水浴锅中搅拌15 min,直到混合物转变为半透明粘稠状液体;b,将瓷坩埚放入90 °C烘箱中,使混合物继续进行中和反应2 h;c,待混合物反应完全,立即将瓷坩埚转移到320 ℃的马弗炉中,进行缩合反应2 h;d,将0.625 g ZnCO3 (0.005 mol)均匀分散于盛有30 mL 60 °C去离子水的喷水壶中,得到浆体A;e,待缩合反应结束,立即将浆体A喷于热的三聚磷酸铝缩合物上,缩合物得到粉碎;f,将所得产物进行抽滤、洗涤、干燥,即得到三聚磷酸铝基复合防腐颜料。根据阻抗测试结果,同比于传统方法制备的三聚磷酸铝,三聚磷酸铝基复合防腐涂层阻抗数值增大7倍。
实施例3
a,称取0.78 g Al(OH)3(0.01 mol)和1.7 mL密度为1.69 g/mL的磷酸(0.025mol)(使P和Al的摩尔比为2.5: 1),置于瓷坩埚中,放入90 °C水浴锅中搅拌15 min,直到混合物转变为半透明粘稠状液体;b,将瓷坩埚放入90 °C烘箱中,使混合物继续进行中和反应2 h;c,待混合物反应完全,立即将瓷坩埚转移到290 ℃的马弗炉中,进行缩合反应4 h;d,将0.625 g ZnCO3 (0.005 mol)均匀分散于盛有30 mL 60 °C去离子水的喷水壶中,得到浆体A;e,待缩合反应结束,立即将浆体A喷于热的三聚磷酸铝缩合物上,缩合物得到粉碎;f,将所得产物进行抽滤、洗涤、干燥,即得到三聚磷酸铝基复合防腐颜料。根据阻抗测试结果,同比于传统方法制备的三聚磷酸铝,三聚磷酸铝基复合防腐涂层阻抗数值增大8倍。
Claims (2)
1.一种三聚磷酸铝基复合防腐颜料的制备方法,具体合成步骤如下:a,称取一定量的氢氧化铝和磷酸,使P和Al的摩尔比为2.5: 1,置于瓷坩埚中,水浴加热条件下搅拌,直到混合物转变为半透明粘稠状液体;b,将瓷坩埚放入烘箱中,使混合物继续进行中和反应2 h;c,待混合物反应完全后,将瓷坩埚转移到马弗炉中进行缩合反应,得到体系A;d,将碳酸锌粉体均匀分散于去离子水中,得到碳酸锌的分散体系B;e,待缩合反应结束,立即将分散体系B喷于热的体系A上,缩合物一次性得到粉碎和改性;f,将所得产物进行抽滤、洗涤、干燥,即得到三聚磷酸铝基复合防腐颜料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种三聚磷酸铝基复合防腐颜料的制备方法,其特征在于缩合反应采用的温度为290~320 ℃,缩合反应的时间为2~4 h。
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