CN107249853B - 填塞螺杆 - Google Patents
填塞螺杆 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107249853B CN107249853B CN201680008721.4A CN201680008721A CN107249853B CN 107249853 B CN107249853 B CN 107249853B CN 201680008721 A CN201680008721 A CN 201680008721A CN 107249853 B CN107249853 B CN 107249853B
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Abstract
一种用于在挤出机系统中使用的填塞螺杆(2),该填塞螺杆包括壳体(7)和以可旋转的方式安装在该壳体(7)内的至少一个输送螺杆(5),其中,在该壳体(7)的内侧与该输送螺杆(5)之间形成输送空间。该填塞螺杆(2)的特征在于,该壳体(7)的内侧的至少一部分配备有尤其呈凹槽(13)形式的一个或多个凹陷。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于挤出机系统的填塞螺杆并且涉及一种具有这样的填塞螺杆的挤出机系统。
背景技术
挤出机用于由可模塑的材料生产线股,其中,材料在挤出机内被混合、通常被塑化并且在高压力下从喷嘴中被逐出,以便生成材料线股。
挤出机可以基本上被区分成两种类型,这些类型在工艺原理方面不同。加工挤出机主要用于成形目的(通常是单轴挤出机),而配混挤出机用于物质的化学和/或物理改性(反应、混合、除气等)(具有紧密地相互啮合并且在相同方向上延伸的多个轴的双轴挤出机、Buss捏合机等)。
填塞螺杆(还提供压紧功能)用作挤出机上的辅助子组件。填塞螺杆基本上是输送螺杆。这些主要用于两个目的。一方面,所述填塞螺杆用于计量进入挤出机的产品或添加剂。另一方面,填塞螺杆还防止产品在挤出机壳体开口处从挤出机中排出,这些挤出机壳体开口例如用于通风或除气目的。
在挤出机中进行除气的情况下,分离出来的蒸气和气体(所谓的蒸气流)必须从产品空间中被提取出来。在此通常的情况是,常常出现非常高的气体速度。而且,由于材料的膨胀和发泡,在挤出机中进行除气的情况下产生产品颗粒。这种效应尤其在对高粘弹性材料、尤其弹性体进行除气的情况下发生。所产生的产品颗粒可能具有各种各样的大小,其常常可以从<0.1mm一直扩展到数毫米。由于气体速度高,所以这些产品颗粒可能随着蒸气流从挤出机中被排出。然后,通过在除气开口中使用填塞螺杆,一方面防止了除气开口的阻塞。另一方面,填塞螺杆用于从蒸气流中分离出夹带的产品颗粒。这旨在保护下游的子组件(例如,分离器、提取系统、真空系统或冷凝系统)免于产品沉积。否则,产品颗粒大量排到下游的子组件中将导致例如必须频繁地清洁分离器、真空泵受损坏、或者冷凝系统被阻塞、并且因此遭受效率损失。
在对橡胶除气的测试中,已经发现尽管使用填塞螺杆,但仍有大量产品颗粒被排出。更密切的观察已经表明,由于在填塞螺杆的螺纹中气体速度高,所以产品颗粒不是附着到填塞螺杆的轮廓侧面或壳体上,而是从壁被抛射回来。在正在处理粘弹性材料、例如橡胶的情况下,颗粒的高弹性水平增强了这种效应。于是,附着力没有大到足以克服回弹效应。
发明内容
从这个现有技术出发,本发明的目的是,尤其在挤出机中进行除气的情况下改进填塞螺杆的功能。具体地,应减少产品颗粒经由填塞螺杆排出。
这个目的通过独立专利权利要求的主题来实现。多个有利实施例形成相应的从属专利权利要求的主题并且可以从本发明的以下说明中得出。
本发明所基于的思想是减少产品颗粒经由填塞螺杆排出,这在于:在第一实例中将所述产品颗粒从蒸气流中分离出来并且然后使分离出来的产品颗粒附聚。然后,意图将附聚的产品颗粒引导回挤出机中或以可靠的方式(即,不是经由邻接填塞螺杆的通风系统)从挤出机系统中排出。
本发明的这个基本思想根据本发明被实现是在于一种旨在用于挤出机并且包括至少一个壳体和以可旋转的方式安装在该壳体内的至少一个输送螺杆的填塞螺杆,其中该壳体的内侧的至少一部分配备有一个或(优选地)多个凹陷,并且在该壳体的内侧与该输送螺杆之间形成输送空间。
根据本发明的“凹陷”被认为是具有封闭的基底的凹陷,由于封闭的基底,这些凹陷区别于如也在常规填塞螺杆中作为功能性开口存在的开口。
这些凹陷可以具有任何希望的横截面形状并且以有组织或无组织的形式被提供在壳体的内侧中。
这些凹陷确保了在壳体的内侧产生多个气体速度低的停滞区。气体夹带的产品颗粒的速度在这些停滞区中减小,并且这使得颗粒可以沉积在凹槽中。这些凹陷还具有可以使得产品颗粒在其中附聚的优点。附聚物于是不再被气体流夹带,而可以被输送回挤出机中或以可靠的方式排出。
特别优选的是,以(至少一个)凹槽的形式设计凹陷。
根据本发明,“凹槽”被理解为位于壳体的内侧上的凹陷并且该凹陷的长度优选地大于其宽度、并且尤其是大数倍。
可以提供的是,这些凹陷或该凹槽被提供在该壳体的内侧的(基本上)整个长度上。然而,还可以有利的是,这些凹陷或该凹槽仅被提供在该壳体的内侧的一个或多个部分中。将凹槽中断可以确保进一步干扰气体流,所述干扰有助于将夹带的产品颗粒分离出来。各个部分中的这些凹陷或多个凹槽可以具有相同的形状(凹槽前进方向、凹槽宽度、凹槽横截面)或设计不同。在连续凹槽的情况下,同样可以提供的是,凹槽形状具有恒定的或可变的设计。
在根据本发明的填塞螺杆的优选实施例中,可以提供的是,凹槽与填塞螺杆的纵向轴线(基本上)平行地延伸。这是直截了当且因此可能相对有成本效益的实现方式。然而,平行的凹槽前进方向的与众不同之处还可能在于,移除在凹槽中形成的附聚物的效果特别好。
然而,可以特别优选地提供的是,该凹槽呈螺旋形延伸。
然后,可以优选地提供的是,该凹槽的螺旋方向(右旋、左旋)与该输送螺杆的(至少一个)呈螺旋形延伸的螺纹的螺旋方向相反。在此特别优选地,可以在凹槽与螺纹之间可以提供范围从70°到110°的角(如相对于输送螺杆的纵向方向看到的)。这可以具有的优点是,螺纹中的气体流的主流动方向(差不多)垂直于凹槽,并且这有助于将产品颗粒分离出来。另外,因此可以改进将附聚物从凹槽中输送出来的工作。
替代性实施例可以提供的是,螺纹的螺旋方向和凹槽的螺旋方向是相同的。这意味着,凹槽与螺纹差不多平行地延伸。尤其在与三角形横截面的凹槽组合的情况下,这种安排可以具有将附聚物从凹槽中输送出来的效果可能特别好的优点,因此降低了“结块”或凹槽逐渐堵塞的风险。
当然,还可以将这两个替代方案进行组合,于是提供至少两个呈螺旋形延伸的凹槽,这些凹槽具有相反的螺旋方向并且因此而交叉。这可以实现将这两个凹槽前进方向的优点进行组合。
还可以提供的是,凹槽的螺距是不均匀的,即,其不是恒定的。在至少两个螺旋形凹槽的情况下,这些单独凹槽还可以具有不同的螺距和不同的绕圈数。
当使用填塞螺杆来对挤出机系统的挤出机进行除气时,根据本发明的填塞螺杆的配置尤其改进了将产品颗粒从气体流中分离出来的工作,并且因此优选地提供的是,该填塞螺杆或其壳体具有至少一个除气出口,具有从现有技术已知的部件的除气系统可以连接至该至少一个除气出口。然而,根据本发明的填塞螺杆的配置还在输送材料方面具有优点,并且因此所述填塞螺杆还有利地适用于计量进入挤出机的材料。
根据本发明的挤出机系统包括至少一个挤出机和至少一个如上所述的填塞螺杆。该挤出机包括至少一个挤出机壳体和以可旋转的方式安装在该挤出机壳体中的(至少一个)挤出机螺杆。如相对于该挤出机的纵向轴线看到的,该填塞螺杆优选地在横向方向上并且特别优选地在垂直方向上邻接该挤出机。
该挤出机可以是任何已知类型的挤出机,尤其呈单轴挤出机、双轴挤出机(具有朝相同方向或不同方向旋转并且啮合或不啮合的轴)、多轴挤出机(例如,环式挤出机)、行星辊式挤出机、以及具有轴向摆动轴的共捏和机。该挤出机同样可以呈具有一个或多个轴的捏和机(甚至大体积捏和机)的任何希望的设计形式。然而,优选的是,该挤出机被配置为呈单轴挤出机或具有朝相同方向旋转的轴的双轴挤出机的形式。
根据本发明的填塞螺杆尤其还适用于对输送到挤出机中的高粘弹性材料、尤其弹性体(例如橡胶)进行除气。
附图说明
以下将参照在附图中展示的示例性实施例更详细地说明本发明,在附图中:
图1示出了根据本发明的挤出机系统的第一实施例的示意性图示;
图2示出了根据本发明的挤出机系统的第二实施例的示意性图示;
图3示出了根据本发明的挤出机系统的第三实施例的示意性图示;
图4示出了将填塞螺杆整合在根据本发明的挤出机系统中的不同的可能方式;
图5示出了根据本发明的填塞螺杆的第一凹槽形状;
图6示出了根据本发明的填塞螺杆的第二凹槽形状;
图7示出了根据本发明的填塞螺杆的第三凹槽形状;
图8示出了根据本发明的填塞螺杆的第四凹槽形状;
图9示出了根据本发明的填塞螺杆的第五凹槽形状;
图10示出了根据本发明的填塞螺杆的第一凹槽前进方向;
图11示出了根据本发明的填塞螺杆的第二凹槽前进方向;
图12示出了根据本发明的填塞螺杆的第三凹槽前进方向;并且
图13示出了根据本发明的填塞螺杆的第四凹槽前进方向。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的挤出机系统具有挤出机1和连接至该挤出机的至少一个填塞螺杆2。挤出机1包括挤出机螺杆3,该挤出机螺杆安装在挤出机壳体4中以便由驱动器(未展示)驱动旋转。填塞螺杆2包括输送螺杆5,该输送螺杆安装在壳体7中以便由驱动器6驱动旋转。如通过图1和图2中的实例展示的,挤出机1可以例如具有单一挤出机螺杆3并且填塞螺杆2可以具有单一输送螺杆5。挤出机1同样可以被设计成具有多个挤出机螺杆3并且填塞螺杆2同样可以被设计成具有多个输送螺杆5。图3通过实例方式示出了根据本发明的、具有两个挤出机螺杆3和两个输送螺杆5的挤出机系统的配置。在具有多于一个输送螺杆5的配置中,根据本发明优选的是这些螺杆紧密啮合并且朝相同方向或朝相反方向旋转的设计。
根据本发明的挤出机系统的填塞螺杆2可以被提供作为给送机构,经由该给送机构,将产品和/或一种或多种添加剂给送到已经位于该挤出机1中的产品中。图2通过实例方式示出了根据本发明的挤出机系统的对应配置,该挤出机系统在填塞螺杆2的壳体7中具有入口8,经由所述入口来给送产品。
还可以将填塞螺杆2提供用于对挤出机1(参见图1)进行除气的目的。在这种情况下,填塞螺杆的壳体7配备有用于连接至提取系统10的出口9。
在挤出机螺杆3与挤出机壳体4之间形成的环形产品空间中,产品朝箭头12指示的方向运输,并且在该过程中(通过设计有呈螺旋形延伸的螺纹11的挤出机螺杆3的旋转)可能被混合、塑化、并且压缩。挤出机壳体4的内部容积与填塞螺杆2的壳体7的内部容积相互连接,并且因此可以将经由填塞螺杆2给送的产品引入挤出机1中并且在挤出机1中形成的气体可以经由填塞螺杆2排出。
填塞螺杆2可以以任何希望的取向连接到挤出机1。图4示出了填塞螺杆2的不同取向。除了竖直向下或向上以及水平(向右或向左)外,填塞螺杆还可以倾斜向上或倾斜向下定向(如在各自情况下相对于重力方向看到的)。水平或竖直(尤其竖直向上)安排是优选的。图1至图3示出了多个实施例,其中填塞螺杆2在各自情况下是相对于挤出机1的纵向轴线垂直地安排的。当然,作为对此的替代方案,还可以将填塞螺杆2连接到挤出机1上,使得填塞螺杆的纵向轴线与挤出机1的纵向轴线围成不是90°、而是在0°与<90°之间(例如45°)的角。
如果在挤出机1上组合多个填塞螺杆2,则如相对于挤出机1的纵向轴线看到的,这些填塞螺杆可以被提供在不同的轴向位置处。还能够将多个填塞螺杆2以不同的径向取向安排在挤出机1的一个轴向位置处(参见图4),例如以便增大可用的自由流动横截面。
图5至图9示意性地示出了根据本发明的填塞螺杆2(在此,通过实例方式,具有旋转方向相同的两个输送螺杆5)的凹槽13可以具有的不同横截面。在此,图5示出了矩形横截面的凹槽13,并且图6和图7示出了三角形横截面的凹槽13。这些三角形横截面不是等腰的,其中,在图6的实施例的情况下,较长的、较平坦的边在输送螺杆5的旋转方向上位于后方(“在旋转方向上逐渐减小”);而在图7的实施例的情况下,较短的、较陡峭的边在输送螺杆5的旋转方向上位于后方(“在旋转方向上逐渐消失”)。当然,凹槽13的三角形横截面还可以是等腰的或等边的。在图8的实施例的情况下,凹槽13的横截面是曲线性的并且尤其呈圆形的一部分的形式。此外,图9还示出了形成具有不规则间距和/或不均匀横截面(关于尺寸和/或关于横截面形状)的凹槽13的可能性。
图10至图13示出了根据本发明的填塞螺杆2的凹槽13的不同的可能前进方向。图10的实施例提供了将凹槽13与填塞螺杆2的或输送螺杆5的纵向轴线15平行地定向。这是直截了当的并且因此在技术上有成本效益的解决方案。然而,尤其在与根据图6的凹槽形状组合的情况下,该平行安排的与众不同之处还可以在于,移除在凹槽13中形成的附聚物的效果特别好。这可以降低在凹槽13中“结块”或凹槽13逐渐“堵塞”的风险。
在图11的实施例的情况下,填塞螺杆2的凹槽13呈螺旋形延伸,确切来讲,具有与输送螺杆5的同样呈螺旋形延伸的螺纹14相同的螺旋方向(右旋方向)。因此,凹槽13与螺纹14差不多平行地延伸。
与此相反,图12的实施例提供的是,呈螺旋形延伸的凹槽13具有与输送螺杆5的螺纹14的螺旋方向相反的螺旋方向。在此,优选地提供的是,凹槽13与螺纹14在填塞螺杆2的纵向轴线15上围成范围在70°与110°之间的角α。
最后,图13示出了由于螺旋方向相反而交叉的多个凹槽13的组合。
参考号清单
1 挤出机
2 填塞螺杆
3 挤出机螺杆
4 挤出机壳体
5 输送螺杆
6 驱动器
7 壳体
8 入口
9 出口
10 提取系统
11 螺纹
12 运输方向
13 凹槽
14 螺纹
15 纵向轴线。
Claims (15)
1.一种包括壳体和至少一个输送螺杆的填塞螺杆,该输送螺杆以可旋转的方式安装在该壳体内,其中,在该壳体的内侧与该输送螺杆之间形成输送空间,并且其中,该壳体的内侧的至少一部分配备有一个或多个凹陷以在该壳体的内侧提供多个气体速度低的停滞区,该一个或多个凹陷被设计成至少一个呈螺旋形延伸的凹槽的形式,该一个或多个凹陷允许在流入该填塞螺杆中的气体中夹带的产品颗粒附聚在该一个或多个凹陷中使得附聚的颗粒不再被流过该填塞螺杆的气体夹带。
2.如权利要求1所述的填塞螺杆,其中,该壳体的内侧的、在该输送螺杆的纵向轴线的方向上彼此间隔开的至少两个部分配备有该凹陷。
3.如权利要求1所述的填塞螺杆,其中,该凹槽与该输送螺杆的纵向轴线平行延伸。
4.如权利要求1所述的填塞螺杆,其中,该输送螺杆具有至少一个呈螺旋形延伸的螺纹,并且其中,该螺纹的螺旋方向与该凹槽的螺旋方向相反。
5.如权利要求4所述的填塞螺杆,其中,该凹槽与该螺纹围成在该输送螺杆的纵向轴线的方向上看到的70°至110°的角。
6.如权利要求1所述的填塞螺杆,其中,该输送螺杆具有至少一个呈螺旋形延伸的螺纹,并且其中,该螺纹的螺旋方向与该凹槽的螺旋方向相同。
7.如权利要求1所述的填塞螺杆,其中,呈螺旋形延伸的该凹槽的螺距是不均匀的。
8.如权利要求1所述的填塞螺杆,其特征为,呈螺旋形延伸的多个凹槽具有不同的螺旋方向、螺距和/或绕圈数。
9.如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的填塞螺杆,还包括除气出口。
10.一种挤出机系统,具有挤出机和如权利要求1所述的填塞螺杆。
11.一种挤出机系统,具有挤出机和如权利要求9所述的填塞螺杆。
12.如权利要求9所述的填塞螺杆用于对输送到挤出机中的粘弹性材料进行除气的用途。
13.如权利要求12所述的用途,其中该粘弹性材料是弹性体。
14.一种对输送到挤出机中的粘弹性材料进行除气的方法,其中,在如权利要求11所述的挤出机系统中进行该除气。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中该粘弹性材料是弹性体。
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JP2018504301A (ja) | 2018-02-15 |
RU2017131213A3 (zh) | 2019-04-18 |
CN107249853A (zh) | 2017-10-13 |
US20180015434A1 (en) | 2018-01-18 |
SG11201706324SA (en) | 2017-09-28 |
JP6530076B2 (ja) | 2019-06-12 |
PL3253554T3 (pl) | 2022-06-20 |
EP3253554A1 (de) | 2017-12-13 |
SA517382055B1 (ar) | 2022-03-28 |
WO2016124410A1 (de) | 2016-08-11 |
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