CN107245046A - 一种从辣椒中提取分离辣椒总生物碱和辣椒红色素的方法 - Google Patents
一种从辣椒中提取分离辣椒总生物碱和辣椒红色素的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C07C403/14—Derivatives of cyclohexane or of a cyclohexene or of cyclohexadiene, having a side-chain containing an acyclic unsaturated part of at least four carbon atoms, this part being directly attached to the cyclohexane or cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene rings, e.g. vitamin A, beta-carotene, beta-ionone having side-chains substituted by doubly-bound oxygen atoms
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- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种从天然辣椒中快速提取、分离辣椒总生物碱和辣椒红色素的方法。本发明辣椒粗粉采用闪式提取法提取;辣椒浓缩液经大孔吸附树脂上样,纯水洗脱杂质;45%~65%乙醇洗脱,回收洗脱液中的乙醇,调PH至酸性、干燥析出物即得辣椒总生物碱;再用85%~100%乙醇洗脱,蒸干洗脱液即得辣椒红色素。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于天然产物提取分离技术领域,特别是涉及一种从红辣椒中提取、分离辣椒总生物碱和辣椒红色素的方法。
背景技术
红辣椒是餐桌常备的辣味调味剂,它能改善食欲、促进消化,也有助于身体发汗以祛除体内的湿气。辣椒总生物碱是产生辣味的活性成分,辣椒碱与二氢辣椒碱是总生物碱含量最高的两种成分,分别占总生物碱的69%与22%。随着食品工业的发展,天然的辣椒生物碱日益广泛用作辣味食品的添加剂。辣椒红色素是一类天然的色素,目前广泛地用于糖果、饮料、肉类、腌菜等的着色,也用于药品、洗涤剂、化妆品等的着色。专利申请号200410054007.8采用回流法提取,经减压浓缩得到油状粗产品,再用超临界萃取法分离辣椒碱与辣椒红素。此专利超临界萃取法的设备属三类耐压容器,一次性设备投资大,运行成本高,产量也受到限制,不利用大规模的工业化生产;且在制备粗产品的过程中需消耗大量的能源,不利于降低成本。专利申请号201010595750.X将辣椒超微粉碎,利用钠离子/钾离子无机碱提取辣椒碱,经大孔吸附树脂分离提取液中的辣椒碱;再用有机溶剂提取辣椒残渣的辣椒红色素,回收有机溶剂即得辣椒红色素。此法采用辣椒超微粉提取,大量生产时提取液与辣椒超微粉分离困难,易堵塞提取设备;辣椒红色素仅通过有机溶剂提取、回收有机溶剂即得,未经纯化,其含杂质较多。本发明采用闪式提取法提取辣椒,回收乙醇,利用大孔吸附树脂同时分离辣椒提取浓缩液中的辣椒总生物碱和辣椒红色素。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种节能环保、高效迅速地同时从红辣椒中提取、分离辣椒总生物碱与辣椒红色素的方法。为了实现上述发明目的,本发明的技术方案包括提取辣椒中总生物碱、提取液浓缩、大孔吸收树脂纯化辣椒总生物碱与辣椒红色素。
本发明提供一种快速提取分离辣椒总生物碱和辣椒红色素的方法,包括下列步骤:
(1)闪式提取法提取辣椒粗粉;
(2)浓缩辣椒提取液;
(3)辣椒浓缩液经大孔吸附树脂上样,纯水洗脱杂质;
(4)45%~65%乙醇洗脱,回收洗脱液中的乙醇,调PH至酸性、析出物干燥即得辣椒总生物碱;
(5)85%~100%乙醇洗脱,洗脱液蒸干即得辣椒红色素。
本发明进一步提供上述技术方案的优选技术方案;
步骤(1)中乙醇浓度为40%~95%(v/v),溶剂用量为5~8倍辣椒粗粉(v/m),电机转速为3000~5000r/min,提取次数为1~3次,提取时间为1~2min;
步骤(2)中所述的浓缩可为常温或减压浓缩,优选为减压浓缩,药液浓缩至浓缩至每100ml含辣椒20~100g;
步骤(3)中所述的大孔吸附树脂型号为D3520、X-5、NKA、NKA-9,优选非极性大孔吸附树脂X-5,所用吸附树脂的干重量为辣椒粗粉的1/10~1/5,水的用量为2~4倍柱体积;
步骤(4)中乙醇浓度为45%~65%,乙醇用量为8~16倍柱体积;
步骤(5)中乙醇浓度为85%~100%,乙醇用量为4~8倍柱体积;
步骤(6)中大孔吸附树脂用95%乙醇进行再生,再生后的树脂重复使用2~3次。
本发明采用闪式提取法提取辣椒总生物碱,再应用大孔吸附树脂纯化浓缩液中辣椒总生物碱和辣椒红色素。与回流法、超声法及温浸法提取辣椒相比,选用闪式提取法提取辣椒,辣椒碱与二氢辣椒碱量更高、辣椒碱与二氢辣椒碱得率分别达到0.773%与0.307%,且浸膏率更低,表明闪式提取法的提取液中杂质含量更少,有利于后续的分离;且闪式提取法在常温下进行,提取时间仅需1~2min,具生产周期短、经济节能等优势。大孔吸收树脂分离纯化具有成本低廉、收率高、可再生等优点;经大孔吸附树脂分离纯化后辣椒总生物碱与天然的辣椒红色素纯度高。在制备过程中仅用乙醇为溶剂,产品无有毒溶剂的残留,产品尤其适用于食品加工业的食品添加剂。因此,本发明采用闪式提取法提取辣椒,辣椒浓缩液应用大孔吸附树脂梯度洗脱同时分离辣椒总生物碱与辣椒红色素,本发明作为一个全新、整体的技术方案,具有制备工艺操作简便、生产周期短、成本低,节能环保等诸多优势。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例进一步说明本发明。应该理解的是,本发明的实施例是用于说明而不是对本发明的限制。根据本发明的实质对本发明进行简单改进都属于本发明要求保护的范围。本发明各实施例所得的提取液均采用高效液相色谱法测定辣椒碱、二氢辣椒碱的含量,色谱条件如下:色谱柱InertSustain C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇~0.1%甲酸水溶液(65:35);流速:1 ml·min-1;检测波长:280 nm;柱温:40℃;进样量:20μl。
实施例1:
称取辣椒粗粉50g,置于闪式提取器中,第一次加70%乙醇400ml,闪提2min,收集滤液,记作A,第二次加70%乙醇300ml,闪提1min,收集滤液,记作B,用高效液相分别检测A和B的浓度并计算得率,合并滤液,挥干溶剂,计算浸膏率。
实施例2:
称取辣椒粗粉50g,置于圆底烧瓶中,第一次加70%乙醇400ml,热回流法提取3h,收集滤液,记作A,第二次加70%乙醇300ml,热回流法提取2h,收集滤液,记作B,用高效液相分别检测A和B的浓度并计算得率,合并滤液,挥干溶剂,计算浸膏率。
实施例3:
称取辣椒粗粉50g,置于圆底烧瓶中,第一次加70%乙醇400ml,超声波辅助提取法法提取120min,收集滤液,记作A,第二次加70%乙醇300ml,超声波辅助提取法法提取60min,收集滤液,记作B,用高效液相分别检测A和B的浓度并计算得率,合并滤液,挥干溶剂,计算浸膏率。
实施例4:
称取辣椒粗粉50g,置于圆底烧瓶中,第一次加70%乙醇400ml,温浸法提取12h,收集滤液,记作A,第二次加70%乙醇300ml,温浸法提取8h,收集滤液,记作B,用高效液相分别检测A和B的浓度并计算得率,合并滤液,挥干溶剂,计算浸膏率。
表1 不同提取方法对活性成分得率和浸膏率的影响
结论:表1中闪式提取器的提取效果比热回流、超声、温浸法提取效果要好,且浸膏率最低,,表明闪式提取法的提取液中杂质含量最少,有利于后续的分离纯化。
实施例5:
称取辣椒粗粉50g,置于闪式提取器中,第一次加50%乙醇400ml,闪提2min,收集滤液,记作A,第二次加50%乙醇300ml,闪提1min,收集滤液,记作B,用高效液相分别检测A和B的浓度并计算得率,合并滤液。
实施例6:
称取辣椒粗粉50g,置于闪式提取器中,第一次加95%乙醇400ml,闪提2min,收集滤液,记作A,第二次加95%乙醇300ml,闪提1min,收集滤液,记作B,用高效液相分别检测A和B的浓度并计算得率,合并滤液。
表2 不同乙醇浓度提取对活性成分得率的影响
结论:表2中70%乙醇提取效果最好,故选用70%乙醇作为提取溶剂。
实施例7
根据上述实施例1中的提取方法提取200.0g辣椒,得滤液后将滤液减压浓缩至原体积的1/4,浓缩液平均分成四分,分别加入到预先处理好的非极性D3520、非极性X-5、非极性NKA 、极性NKA-9树脂中,吸附12h,过滤,吸附液分别取样,再分别将70%的乙醇加入到吸附饱和的树脂中,解吸12h,解吸液分别取样,高效液相色谱分别检测吸附液和解吸液,根据吸附液和解析液浓度计算吸附量、吸附率、解析率。
表3 四种树脂对辣椒碱的静态吸附和解吸性能
结论:辣椒碱、二氢辣椒碱为弱极性物质,非极性树脂X-5对这两种活性物质的吸附效果较好,且解析率也较高,极性树脂NKA-9虽具有最高的吸附量,但其解析率却一般,原因可能是树脂吸附活性成分的吸附能力比较强,以乙醇作为洗脱剂解析率较低;综合吸附量、吸附率、解析率选出X-5型大孔吸附树脂作为后续的分离纯化实验。
实施例8
称取辣椒粗粉50.0g,置于闪式提取器中,第一次加70%乙醇400ml,闪提2min,收集滤液,记作A,第二次加70%乙醇300ml,闪提1min。滤液减压浓缩回收乙醇、浓缩。浓缩液加入到预先处理好的X-5型大孔吸附树脂上,先用去离子水洗脱至无色;接着用14倍柱体积50%的乙醇进行洗脱,洗脱液回乙醇,用5%HCl调PH至2,析出结晶,干燥、结晶质量为0.404g,辣椒碱与二氢辣椒含量分别为69.5%与22.3%;再用6倍柱体积90%乙醇洗脱,洗脱液减压浓缩,干燥,得辣椒红色素2.443g。
实施例9
称取辣椒粗粉50.0g,置于闪式提取器中,第一次加70%乙醇400ml,闪提2min,收集滤液,记作A,第二次加70%乙醇300ml,闪提1min。滤液减压浓缩回收乙醇、浓缩。浓缩液加入到预先处理好的X-5型大孔吸附树脂上,先用去离子水洗脱至无色;接着用14倍柱体积70%的乙醇进行洗脱,洗脱液回乙醇,用5%HCl调PH至2,析出结晶,干燥、结晶质量为0.542g,辣椒碱与二氢辣椒含量分别为41.3%与16.7%;再用6倍柱体积90%乙醇洗脱,洗脱液减压浓缩,干燥,得辣椒红色素0.847g。
Claims (9)
1.一种从辣椒中提取分离辣椒总生物碱和辣椒红色素的方法,其特征在于,其制备工艺包括以下步骤:
(1)闪式提取法提取辣椒粗粉;
(2)将步骤(1)所得辣椒提取液浓缩;
(3)将步骤(2)辣椒浓缩液经大孔吸附树脂上样,纯水洗脱杂质;
(4)将步骤(3)纯水洗杂质后的大孔吸附树脂用45%~65%乙醇洗脱,回收洗脱液的乙醇,调PH至酸性、干燥析出物即得辣椒总生物碱;
(5)将步骤(4)洗脱辣椒总生物碱后的大孔吸附树脂再用85%~100%乙醇洗脱,蒸干洗脱液即得辣椒红色素。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所用的闪式提取法选用40%~95%的乙醇(v/v),用量为辣椒粗粉5~12倍(v/m)。
3.按照权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)闪式提取法提取辣椒粗粉的次数为1~3次。
4.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)浓缩为减压浓缩,药液浓缩至100ml含辣椒20~100g。
5.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所用的大孔吸附树脂为非极性与极性的大孔吸附树脂中的一种或二种,所用大孔吸附树脂的干重量为辣椒粗粉的1/10~1/5。
6.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中用纯水冲洗大孔吸附树脂的杂质,水用量为2~4倍柱体积。
7.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中洗脱辣椒碱和二氢辣椒碱的乙醇浓度为45%~65%,乙醇用量为6~16倍柱体积。
8.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中调pH值1-3,析出沉淀物,干燥即得辣椒总生物碱。
9.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中洗脱辣椒红色素的乙醇浓度为85%~100%,乙醇用量为4~8倍柱体积。
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CN114805110A (zh) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-07-29 | 云南信达健康科技有限公司 | 一种辣椒提取物的制备方法 |
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CN1392201A (zh) * | 2002-07-18 | 2003-01-22 | 中山大学 | 一种天然辣椒红色素的提取纯化方法 |
CN102008595A (zh) * | 2010-11-18 | 2011-04-13 | 湖南农业大学 | 一种从辣椒精中分离辣椒总碱的方法 |
CN102516802A (zh) * | 2011-12-12 | 2012-06-27 | 山东凯斯达机械制造有限公司 | 萃取辣椒红色素及辣椒素的方法 |
CN105017055A (zh) * | 2015-07-05 | 2015-11-04 | 贵州大学 | 一种从红辣椒中快速提取分离辣椒红色素和辣椒碱的方法 |
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CN1392201A (zh) * | 2002-07-18 | 2003-01-22 | 中山大学 | 一种天然辣椒红色素的提取纯化方法 |
CN102008595A (zh) * | 2010-11-18 | 2011-04-13 | 湖南农业大学 | 一种从辣椒精中分离辣椒总碱的方法 |
CN102516802A (zh) * | 2011-12-12 | 2012-06-27 | 山东凯斯达机械制造有限公司 | 萃取辣椒红色素及辣椒素的方法 |
CN105017055A (zh) * | 2015-07-05 | 2015-11-04 | 贵州大学 | 一种从红辣椒中快速提取分离辣椒红色素和辣椒碱的方法 |
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