CN107235838B - 用于重金属铅离子探测的金属-有机框架材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于重金属铅离子探测的金属‑有机框架材料,该材料具有长程有序的晶体结构,其化学式为[MnLx(H2O)m]·(G)n,其中L为同时含有苯羧酸基团和碳碳双键基团的有机配体,G表示与锰离子配位或存在于晶体孔道里面的溶剂分子,x=0.1~1,m=1~1.5,n=0.01~0.05。该材料采用水热法制备得到,合成方法简单,原料易得,产率较高。制得的材料呈现配体的宽区间荧光发射,能够对溶液中的铅离子进行探测,其探测范围为10‑4‑10‑7mol/L,并且不受其他金属离子的干扰,具有灵敏度高、选择性强、稳定性好等特点,有望在重金属污染离子Pb2+的检测等方面得到应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种金属-有机框架材料及其制备方法,尤其是用于重金属离子Pb2+探测的金属-有机框架材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
重金属污染问题一直是世界各国关注的热点之一,对人体的健康与人类社会的发展都会产生重大的影响,作为造成水环境体系破坏的主要污染源之一的工业废水,其中最为严重的就是重金属废水的污染。重金属废水污染常常具有以下特点:1)毒性大,且具有长期的累积性和持续性;2)生物积累性,环境中的大多数生物体都会富集某些重金属元素,长期积累后过量的重金属将严重危害生物体的健康发展;3)永久性,重金属不像有机物那样能够被分解,一旦被吸收后,既不会被降解,也不会被消除,只能转移位置或者改变理化形态,将持久存在;4)致毒浓度低,一般只要存在微量浓度的重金属元素时,如几毫克每升的浓度范围内,就会发生毒性反应。而作为对人体危害较大的重金属元素之一的Pb,进入人体后极易融入血液中,阻止血液合成,导致人体贫血,出现眩晕、乏力、困倦、头痛、便秘等症状,尤其是出于生长发育阶段的儿童,对Pb的吸收量高于成年人,其智力发育与脑组织会将受到更大的影响,严重者可能导致终身残疾。此外,孕妇体内如果存在Pb,胎儿的发育将会受到严重的影响,出现胎儿畸形等后果。因此,重金属Pb的检测具有重要的意义。
目前常用的重金属检测主要包括电化学法、原子吸收法、电感耦合等离子质谱法、荧光光谱法等方法,其中荧光光谱法具有选择性好、灵敏度高等优势,成为目前应用最广泛的测试手段。
金属-有机框架材料是由金属离子和有机配体通过配位作用自组装形成的一种新型材料,具有特殊的拓扑结构、规则的内部排列、特定尺寸形状的孔道以及丰富而稳定的发光性能。发光金属-有机框架材料具有多个发光途径,包括无机金属离子、有机配体以及孔道中装载的客体分子或离子,其发光性能会受到化学环境、晶体结构、配位形式和客体分子与框架材料的相互作用等因素的影响。因此,相比于其他的发光材料,发光金属-有机框架材料具有的发光可调与发光形式多样的优势,在荧光离子探测、照明显示、药物装载及生物成像等领域具有重要的研究价值。
尽管目前使用发光金属-有机框架材料用于阳离子探测已经有许多研究,但用于Pb探测的报道仍旧比较少,主要研究集中于Pb的富集而非探测,对Pb探测的灵敏度均不高。因此,制备具有高灵敏性的用于重金属离子Pb2+探测的金属-有机框架材料具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种制备工艺简单、抗干扰性强、灵敏度高的可用于重金属离子Pb2+探测的金属-有机框架材料及其制备方法。
本发明的用于重金属离子Pb2+探测的金属-有机框架材料,具有长程有序的晶体结构,其化学式为[MnLx(H2O)m]·(G)n,其中L为同时含有苯羧酸基团和碳碳双键基团的有机配体,G表示与锰离子配位或存在于晶体孔道里面的溶剂分子,为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)或者N,N-二乙基甲酰胺(DEF);x=0.1~1,m=1~1.5,n=0.01~0.05。
本发明的用于重金属离子Pb2+探测的金属-有机框架材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将锰盐溶解于去离子水中,配成浓度为0.01~0.1mol/L的锰盐溶液;
2)将同时含有苯羧酸基团和碳碳双键基团的有机配体溶于有机溶剂与冰醋酸的混合溶液中,其中冰醋酸与有机溶剂的体积比为1:100;
3)将步骤1)的锰盐溶液和步骤2)的配体溶液置于反应釜中混合,密封后置于120℃-160℃下保温2-4天,自然冷却到室温后过滤、洗涤、干燥1-2天,得到用于重金属离子Pb2+探测的金属-有机框架材料。
本发明中,所述的锰盐为氯化锰、硝酸锰或硫酸锰。
本发明中,所述的同时含有苯羧酸基团和三嗪基团的有机配体是(a)4,4’-二苯乙烯二羧酸;或(b)3,3’-二苯乙烯二羧酸;或(c)3,3’-(5,5’)二苯乙烯四羧酸,结构式分别为:
本发明中,所述的有机溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺或者N,N-二乙基甲酰胺中任意一种。
本发明具体的有益效果在于:
1、本发明的金属-有机框架材料能够对Pb2+实现特异性识别,并不会受到Ba2+、Ca2 +、Co2+、K+、Li+、Mg2+、Mn2+、Na+、Ni+等金属离子的干扰,即使多种重金属污染元素同时存在时,该材料也能对Pb2+进行探测识别。
2、本发明的金属-有机框架材料在10-4-10-7mol/L的浓度范围内对Pb2+具有高的灵敏度,通过配体的荧光发光强度与Pb2+的浓度关系,实现对Pb2+的高灵敏度探测。而作为对人体危害最严重的重金属元素之一的Pb2+,其含量的探测与表征都具有重要的应用价值和现实意义。
3、本发明的金属-有机框架材料,相比于配合物与有机小分子而言,具有可设计性强、尺寸结构可调、结构可进行预测,并且能够对材料中的有机组分与无机组分进行后修饰操作等优势。
4、本发明的金属-有机框架材料具有很好的水稳性,能够在水中长时间保持结构稳定,在水中浸泡7天后,该材料的粉末X射线衍射图谱与未浸泡之前的衍射图谱仍能够很好的对应,较好的水稳性保证了其在水溶液中对Pb2+的选择性探测。
5、本发明的金属-有机框架材料热稳定性好,结晶程度高,制备方法简单,产率较高,在Pb2+的选择性探测方面具有重要潜力。
附图说明
图1是本发明的金属-有机框架材料的晶体结构图;
图2是本发明的金属-有机框架材料在水中的XRD图谱;
图3是本发明的金属-有机框架材料对Pb2+选择性探测的光谱图;
图4是本发明的金属-有机框架材料与Pb2+的浓度变化关系。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
利用氯化锰与4,4’-二苯乙烯二羧酸,通过水热法合成的金属-有机框架材料,其具体的合成路线如下:
将0.05mmol氯化锰溶解于1mL的去离子水中,得到摩尔浓度为0.05mol/L的锰盐溶液。
将0.1mmol的4,4-二苯乙烯二羧酸和0.05mL的冰醋酸一起溶解于5mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),得到浓度为0.02mol/L的有机配体溶液,其中冰醋酸与DMF的体积比为0.01。
将锰盐溶液和配体溶液混合于25mL的反应釜中,密封后置于160℃下保温2天,自然冷却到室温后过滤、洗涤、干燥1天,得到金属-有机框架材料[Mn(L)0.32(H2O)1.28](DMF)0.04。
通过单晶X射线衍射分析可得,[Mn(L)0.32(H2O)1.28](DMF)0.04具有长程有序的晶体结构。将1mg该材料溶解于1mL去离子水溶液中,配制得到1mg/mL的样品溶液,在波长为351nm的紫外光激发下,会出现配体的宽区间荧光发射,其最强发光波长位于396nm。同时,配制浓度为10-2mol/mL的阳离子溶液,包括Ba2+、Ca2+、Co2+、K+、Li+、Mg2+、Mn2+、Na+、Ni+及Pb2+,再将1mg样品溶解于1mL的阳离子溶液中,得到1mg/mL的阳离子与样品共存的混合溶液,在相同的波长351nm下激发,比较探测不同阳离子时的发射光谱,可发现Pb2+能够使荧光发生淬灭,其余阳离子对荧光强度影响不大,从而实现对Pb2+的特异性识别。
在1×10-7-9×10-7mol/L的Pb2+浓度范围内,该金属有机框架材料在396nm处的发光强度与浓度呈很好的线性关系。
新合成的[Mn(L)0.32(H2O)1.28](DMF)0.04材料,其粉末X射线衍射图谱能与其单晶模拟得到的X射线衍射图谱达到非常好的吻合,证明该材料长程有序,结晶性好。将[Mn(L)0.32(H2O)1.28](DMF)0.04浸入水中7天后,其粉末X射线衍射图谱依然能与其单晶模拟X射线衍射图谱非常好的吻合,证明其具有很好的水稳性,能够被用于溶液中进行探测。在进行了Pb2+探测之后的[Mn(L)0.32(H2O)1.28](DMF)0.04粉末X射线衍射图谱依然能与其单晶模拟X射线衍射图谱非常好的吻合,证明其在探测Pb2+过程中依然保持着结构的完整性。
实施例2:
利用硝酸锰与3,3’-二苯乙烯二羧酸,通过水热法合成的金属-有机框架材料,其具体的合成路线如下:
将0.1mmol氯化锰溶解于1mL的去离子水中,得到摩尔浓度为0.1mol/L的锰盐溶液。
将0.2mmol的3,3’-二苯乙烯二羧酸和0.05mL的冰醋酸一起溶解于5mL的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA),得到浓度为0.04mol/L的有机配体溶液,其中冰醋酸与DMF的体积比为0.01。
将锰盐溶液和配体溶液混合于25mL的反应釜中,密封后置于150℃下保温2天,自然冷却到室温后过滤、洗涤、干燥1天,得到金属-有机框架材料[Mn(L)0.1(H2O)](DMF)0.01。
通过单晶X射线衍射分析可得,[Mn(L)0.1(H2O)](DMF)0.01具有长程有序的晶体结构。将1mg该材料溶解于1mL去离子水溶液中,配制得到1mg/mL的样品溶液,在波长为351nm的紫外光激发下,会出现配体的宽区间荧光发射,其最强发光波长位于396nm。同时,配制浓度为10-2mol/mL的阳离子溶液,包括Ba2+、Ca2+、Co2+、K+、Li+、Mg2+、Mn2+、Na+、Ni+及Pb2+,再将1mg样品溶解于1mL的阳离子溶液中,得到1mg/mL的阳离子与样品共存的混合溶液,在相同的波长351nm下激发,比较探测不同阳离子时的发射光谱,可发现Pb2+能够使荧光发生淬灭,其余阳离子对荧光强度影响不大,从而实现对Pb2+的特异性识别。
在1×10-7-9×10-7mol/L的Pb2+浓度范围内,该金属有机框架材料在396nm处的发光强度与浓度呈很好的线性关系。
新合成的[Mn(L)0.1(H2O)](DMF)0.01材料,其粉末X射线衍射图谱能与其单晶模拟得到的X射线衍射图谱达到非常好的吻合,证明该材料长程有序,结晶性好。将[Mn(L)0.1(H2O)](DMF)0.01浸入水中7天后,其粉末X射线衍射图谱依然能与其单晶模拟X射线衍射图谱非常好的吻合,证明其具有很好的水稳性,能够被用于溶液中进行探测。在进行了Pb2+探测之后的[Mn(L)0.1(H2O)](DMF)0.01粉末X射线衍射图谱依然能与其单晶模拟X射线衍射图谱非常好的吻合,证明其在探测Pb2+过程中依然保持着结构的完整性。
实施例3:
利用硫酸锰与3,3’-(5,5’)二苯乙烯四羧酸,通过水热法合成的金属-有机框架材料,其具体的合成路线如下:
将0.01mmol氯化锰溶解于1mL的去离子水中,得到摩尔浓度为0.01mol/L的锰盐溶液。
将0.02mmol的3,3’-(5,5’)二苯乙烯四羧酸和0.04mL的冰醋酸一起溶解于4mL的N,N-二乙基甲酰胺(DEF),得到浓度为0.05mol/L的有机配体溶液,其中冰醋酸与DMF的体积比为0.01。
将锰盐溶液和配体溶液混合于25mL的反应釜中,密封后置于120℃下保温4天,自然冷却到室温后过滤、洗涤、干燥2天,得到金属-有机框架材料[Mn(L)(H2O)1.5](DMF)0.05。
通过单晶X射线衍射分析可得,[Mn(L)(H2O)1.5](DMF)0.05具有长程有序的晶体结构。将1mg该材料溶解于1mL去离子水溶液中,配制得到1mg/mL的样品溶液,在波长为351nm的紫外光激发下,会出现配体的宽区间荧光发射,其最强发光波长位于396nm。同时,配制浓度为10-2mol/mL的阳离子溶液,包括Ba2+、Ca2+、Co2+、K+、Li+、Mg2+、Mn2+、Na+、Ni+及Pb2+,再将1mg样品溶解于1mL的阳离子溶液中,得到1mg/mL的阳离子与样品共存的混合溶液,在相同的波长351nm下激发,比较探测不同阳离子时的发射光谱,可发现Pb2+能够使荧光发生淬灭,其余阳离子对荧光强度影响不大,从而实现对Pb2+的特异性识别。
在1×10-7-9×10-7mol/L的Pb2+浓度范围内,该金属有机框架材料在396nm处的发光强度与浓度呈很好的线性关系。
新合成的[Mn(L)(H2O)1.5](DMF)0.05材料,其粉末X射线衍射图谱能与其单晶模拟得到的X射线衍射图谱达到非常好的吻合,证明该材料长程有序,结晶性好。将[Mn(L)(H2O)1.5](DMF)0.05浸入水中7天后,其粉末X射线衍射图谱依然能与其单晶模拟X射线衍射图谱非常好的吻合,证明其具有很好的水稳性,能够被用于溶液中进行探测。在进行了Pb2+探测之后的[Mn(L)(H2O)1.5](DMF)0.05粉末X射线衍射图谱依然能与其单晶模拟X射线衍射图谱非常好的吻合,证明其在探测Pb2+过程中依然保持着结构的完整性。
Claims (3)
1.一种用于重金属离子Pb2+探测的金属-有机框架材料,其特征在于,该材料具有长程有序的晶体结构,其化学式为[MnLx(H2O)m]·(G)n,其中L为同时含有苯羧酸基团和碳碳双键基团的有机配体,为4,4’-二苯乙烯二羧酸、3,3’-二苯乙烯二羧酸、或3,3’-(5,5’)二苯乙烯四羧酸;G表示与锰离子配位或存在于晶体孔道里面的溶剂分子,为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺或者N,N-二乙基甲酰胺;x=0.1~1,m=1~1.5,n=0.01~0.05。
2.制备权利要求1所述的用于重金属离子Pb2+探测的金属-有机框架材料的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)将锰盐溶解于去离子水中,配成浓度为0.01~0.1mol/L的锰盐溶液;
2)将同时含有苯羧酸基团和碳碳双键基团的有机配体溶于有机溶剂与冰醋酸的混合溶液中,其中冰醋酸与有机溶剂的体积比为1:100;
3)将步骤1)的锰盐溶液和步骤2)的配体溶液置于反应釜中混合,密封后置于120℃-160℃下保温2-4天,自然冷却到室温后过滤、洗涤、干燥1-2天,得到用于重金属离子Pb2+探测的金属-有机框架材料;
其中,步骤2)中所述的同时含有苯羧酸基团和碳碳双键基团的有机配体是(a)4,4’-二苯乙烯二羧酸;或(b)3,3’-二苯乙烯二羧酸;或(c)3,3’-(5,5’)二苯乙烯四羧酸,三者的结构式分别如下:
所述的有机溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺或者N,N-二乙基甲酰胺中任意一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于重金属离子Pb2+探测的金属-有机框架材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的锰盐为氯化锰、硝酸锰或硫酸锰。
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