CN107231943A - A kind of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore pest and disease damage preventing control method - Google Patents
A kind of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore pest and disease damage preventing control method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore pest and disease damage preventing control method, belong to Edible Mushroom Diseases and Insect Control technical field.The Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore pest and disease damage preventing control method of the present invention is main to clean based on place and control stategy after planting, on the one hand the fallen leaves of birch woodland are utilized, it is equipped with musk deer glandular sac wall and rhizoma zingiberis burns into ashes and mixed with cultivation soil and soil is sterilized, compared with existing medicament soil disinfection method, the residual of soil harmful chemical is avoided, it is more environmentally-friendly；On the other hand, pass through the growth characteristic to Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore, spy is using cooling of watering in good time, and low temperature preventing disease and pest decoction is sprayed in good time, reduce the incidence of disease of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore pest and disease damage so that hickory chick physically well develops, the increase of fructification weight, and without any residues of pesticides, it is ensured that edible security.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Edible Mushroom Diseases and Insect Control technical field, specifically a kind of anti-prosecutor of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore pest and disease damage
Method.
Background technology
Hickory chick also known as sheep tripe dish, are morchella edible mushroom, are a kind of precious edible mushroom and medicinal fungus；Hickory chick
Nutrition quite enrich, hickory chick containing suppress tumour polysaccharide, antibacterial, antiviral active component, with enhancing immunity of organisms,
All multiactions such as antifatigue, antiviral, suppression tumour.
In recent years, it is especially rare with the continuous increase for developing edible fungus culturing scale rapidly of mushroom industry
Edible fungus variety has been realized in artificial cultivation by a series of domestication, wherein what is protruded the most is exactly hickory chick, in recent years
Make full use of different strain protoplasm somatocyte integration technology to obtain excellent pure bacterial strain, substantial amounts of fructification can be cultivated.But
It is the situation for more cultivation failure also occur, the main cause of failure is wreaked havoc for pest and disease damage.
Research finds that the main pest and disease damage of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore is parasitic disease and nematodiasis.What hickory chick occurred
Nematode, which is caused harm, mainly rhabditis axei, and rhabditis axei takes food mycelia and fructification, causes fructification rare, scattered, mycelia atrophy
Or disappear, local mushroom flower bud is a large amount of soft rotten dead, and its growth and breeding at 30 DEG C or so is most fast；The parasitic disease of generation mainly has
Fungi Imperfecti, it absorbs nutrient by colonizing in edible mushroom mycelium or fructification, makes edible fungi growth exhaustion, or not shape
Into fructification, the yield and quality of edible mushroom have been severely impacted.
Prior art is main with terms of three below for the prophylactico-therapeutic measures of the pest and disease damage of hickory chick：1st, to put prevention first；
2nd, the conventional several medicines of medicated disinfecting have：0.5% protects mushroom spirit, 0.2% methylpartricin sodium laurylsulfate, 0.3% carbendazim etc.；3rd, effective drug：
Conventional insecticide is：DDVP, metrifonate etc..And hickory chick is rare edible fungus variety, using pure chemistry compared with
The growth and development of fructification is easily influenceed when directly handling fructification when big medicament progress sterilizing and desinsection, and is more easily caused
Chemical pesticide residual quantity is exceeded in fructification, it is impossible to ensure the security of food.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to the defect existed for prior art or deficiency, there is provided a kind of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore disease pest
Evil preventing control method.
In order to realize purpose, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore pest and disease damage preventing control method, comprises the following steps：
1. place election：Selection soil types be sandy earth, depth of humus layer thickness in 5-7cm, soil pH in 7-8,
Forest land vegetation pattern is birch, is used as the cultivation area of hickory chick；
2. place is cleaned：Ginger by moisture less than 10% is cut into the thin slice that thickness is 2-4cm and collects cultivation field
The ratio of the fallen leaves of birch, musk deer glandular sac wall according to weight than 5: 8: 4 is mixed in ground, and covering is made, then railway carriage or compartment is opened by 1-1.5 meters,
Alcohol is sprayed on one layer of 10-15cm blanket of uniform fold, covering on the face of railway carriage or compartment, then covering is burnt, treated
Ashes are burnt till, the weight using ashes with timbered soil according to weight than 1: 10 is mixed as strain covering, and thickness is 5-10cm,
Then by the sowing of hickory chick cultigen on the face of railway carriage or compartment, thickness of sowing is 1.5kg/m2；
3. control stategy：At after planting the 10th day, increase preventing disease and pest decoction of spray to railway carriage or compartment face, opened at after planting the 20th day
Begin, every 5 days, increase preventing disease and pest decoction of spray to railway carriage or compartment face, until growing fructification；Fluid temperature is kept during described sprinkling
For 4-6 DEG C.
Further, cold water is poured in good time, keeps soil moisture to contain to during growing fructification after described hickory chick cultivation
Measure as 70-80%, while the railway carriage or compartment face temperature for keeping plantation hickory chick is 4-6 DEG C.
Preventing disease and pest decoction described further, by weight, by 20-30 portions of China trees, 3-7 portions of tripterygium wilfordiis, 8-15 parts
Flue-cured tobacco, 5-11 part wolf tail grass, 2-5 parts of stone-like omphalias, 6-8 parts of borneols, 4-10 parts of szechwan raspberry root or leafs, 5-8 parts of multijugous pricklyash root mixing, in 2-
Soaked 1.5-2 hour in 4 DEG C of water, then precook 40min, filtering, filtrate is put into temperature and is 2-4 DEG C of refrigerator cold-storage 12-24 hours,
Filter again, filtrate temperature adds 1-2 parts of GINKGO BILOBA EXTRACTs, 2-4 parts of Tea Polyphenols, 1.5-3.5 parts of rebaudiosides after being warmed to room temperature and stirred
Mix and uniformly produce.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:The Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore pest and disease damage preventing control method of the present invention, mainly to clean field
Based on ground and control stategy after planting, on the one hand using the fallen leaves of birch woodland, it is equipped with musk deer glandular sac wall and rhizoma zingiberis burns into ashes
Mixed with cultivation soil and soil is sterilized, compared with existing medicament soil disinfection method, it is to avoid soil harmful chemical
Residual, it is more environmentally-friendly；On the other hand, by the growth characteristic to Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore, spy uses cooling of watering in good time, and in good time
Low temperature preventing disease and pest decoction is sprayed, the incidence of disease of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore pest and disease damage is reduced so that hickory chick physically well develops, son is real
Body weight increase, improves the quality of hickory chick, and without any residues of pesticides, it is ensured that edible security, after measured, with
Prior art is compared, and incidence of insect disease reduces 2.49% and 3.05% respectively.
Embodiment
In order that the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are entered below
The detailed description of row.
Embodiment 1
A kind of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore pest and disease damage preventing control method, comprises the following steps：
1. place election：Selection soil types is sandy earth, and depth of humus layer thickness is in 5cm, and soil pH is in 7, forest land
Vegetation pattern is birch, is used as the cultivation area of hickory chick；
2. place is cleaned：Ginger by moisture less than 10% is cut into the thin slice that thickness is 2cm and collects cultivation area
Ratio of the fallen leaves, musk deer glandular sac wall of middle birch according to weight than 5: 8: 4 is mixed, and covering is made, is then opened by 1 meter on railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment face
Alcohol is sprayed on one layer of 10cm blanket of uniform fold, covering, is then burnt covering, ashes to be burnt till,
Weight using ashes with timbered soil according to weight than 1: 10 is mixed as strain covering, and thickness is 5cm, then by hickory chick
Cultigen is sowed on the face of railway carriage or compartment, and thickness of sowing is 1.5kg/m2；
3. control stategy：At after planting the 10th day, increase preventing disease and pest decoction of spray to railway carriage or compartment face, opened at after planting the 20th day
Begin, every 5 days, increase preventing disease and pest decoction of spray to railway carriage or compartment face, until growing fructification；Fluid temperature is kept during described sprinkling
For 4 DEG C；To during growing fructification after described hickory chick cultivation, cold water is poured in good time, it is 70% to keep soil water content,
The railway carriage or compartment face temperature for keeping plantation hickory chick simultaneously is 4 DEG C；Described preventing disease and pest decoction, by weight, by 20 parts of China trees, 3
Part tripterygium wilfordii, 8 parts of flue-cured tobaccos, 5 parts of wolf tail grass, 2 parts of stone-like omphalias, 6 parts of borneols, 4 parts of szechwan raspberry root or leafs, 5 parts of multijugous pricklyash roots mixing, 2
Soaked 1.5 hours in DEG C water, then precook 40min, filtering, filtrate is put into temperature for 2 DEG C of refrigerator cold-storages 12 hours, again mistake
Filter, filtrate temperature adds 1 part of GINKGO BILOBA EXTRACT, 2 parts of Tea Polyphenols, 1.5 parts of rebaudiosides after being warmed to room temperature and stirs and produce.
Embodiment 2
A kind of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore pest and disease damage preventing control method, comprises the following steps：
1. place election：Selection soil types is sandy earth, and depth of humus layer thickness is in 7cm, and soil pH is in 8, forest land
Vegetation pattern is birch, is used as the cultivation area of hickory chick；
2. place is cleaned：Ginger by moisture less than 10% is cut into the thin slice that thickness is 4cm and collects cultivation area
Ratio of the fallen leaves, musk deer glandular sac wall of middle birch according to weight than 5: 8: 4 is mixed, and covering is made, then railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment face is opened by 1.5 meters
Alcohol is sprayed on upper one layer of 15cm blanket of uniform fold, covering, then covering is burnt, waits to incinerate
Cinder, the weight using ashes with timbered soil according to weight than 1: 10 is mixed as strain covering, and thickness is 10cm, then by sheep
Tripe bacteria cultivation kind is sowed on the face of railway carriage or compartment, and thickness of sowing is 1.5kg/m2；
3. control stategy：At after planting the 10th day, increase preventing disease and pest decoction of spray to railway carriage or compartment face, opened at after planting the 20th day
Begin, every 5 days, increase preventing disease and pest decoction of spray to railway carriage or compartment face, until growing fructification；Fluid temperature is kept during described sprinkling
For 6 DEG C；To during growing fructification after described hickory chick cultivation, cold water is poured in good time, holdings soil water content is 70-
80%, while the railway carriage or compartment face temperature for keeping plantation hickory chick is 6 DEG C；Described preventing disease and pest decoction, by weight, by 30 parts of hardships
Chinaberry, 7 parts of tripterygium wilfordiis, 15 parts of flue-cured tobaccos, 11 parts of wolf tail grass, 5 parts of stone-like omphalias, 8 parts of borneols, 10 parts of szechwan raspberry root or leafs, 8 parts of multijugous pricklyash roots are mixed
Close, soaked 2 hours in 4 DEG C of water, then precook 40min, filtering, filtrate is put into temperature for 4 DEG C of refrigerator cold-storages 12-24 hours,
Filter again, filtrate temperature adds 2 parts of GINKGO BILOBA EXTRACTs, 4 parts of Tea Polyphenols, 3.5 parts of rebaudiosides after being warmed to room temperature and stirred i.e.
.
Embodiment 3
A kind of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore pest and disease damage preventing control method, comprises the following steps：
1. place election：Selection soil types is sandy earth, and depth of humus layer thickness is in 6cm, and soil pH is in 7.5, woods
Ground vegetation pattern is birch, is used as the cultivation area of hickory chick；
2. place is cleaned：Ginger by moisture less than 10% is cut into the thin slice that thickness is 3cm and collects cultivation area
Ratio of the fallen leaves, musk deer glandular sac wall of middle birch according to weight than 5: 8: 4 is mixed, and covering is made, then railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment face is opened by 1.2 meters
Alcohol is sprayed on upper one layer of 12cm blanket of uniform fold, covering, then covering is burnt, waits to incinerate
Cinder, the weight using ashes with timbered soil according to weight than 1: 10 is mixed as strain covering, and thickness is 8cm, then by sheep
Tripe bacteria cultivation kind is sowed on the face of railway carriage or compartment, and thickness of sowing is 1.5kg/m2；
3. control stategy：At after planting the 10th day, increase preventing disease and pest decoction of spray to railway carriage or compartment face, opened at after planting the 20th day
Begin, every 5 days, increase preventing disease and pest decoction of spray to railway carriage or compartment face, until growing fructification；Fluid temperature is kept during described sprinkling
For 5 DEG C；To during growing fructification after described hickory chick cultivation, cold water is poured in good time, it is 75% to keep soil water content,
The railway carriage or compartment face temperature for keeping plantation hickory chick simultaneously is 5 DEG C；Described preventing disease and pest decoction, by weight, by 25 parts of China trees, 5
Part tripterygium wilfordii, 12 parts of flue-cured tobaccos, 8 parts of wolf tail grass, 3.5 parts of stone-like omphalias, 7 parts of borneols, 6 parts of szechwan raspberry root or leafs, 6.5 parts of multijugous pricklyash roots are mixed
Close, soaked 1.8 hours in 3 DEG C of water, then precook 40min, filtering, filtrate is put into temperature for 3 DEG C of refrigerator cold-storages 18 hours, then
Secondary filtering, filtrate temperature adds 1.5 parts of GINKGO BILOBA EXTRACTs, 3 parts of Tea Polyphenols, 2.5 parts of rebaudiosides after being warmed to room temperature and stirred i.e.
.
Test example
The birch woodland that this experiment is located at outdoor is carried out, and chooses 350m2The hickory chick of birch woodland cultivation is used as experiment pair
As will experimental field be divided into three cells at random, each processing enters a cell, divided between each processing with dividing strip
Every each cell 50m2, 1 group and 1 group blank group of 5 groups of control group and test group is set respectively, and each cell corresponds to one respectively
Individual treatment group, specific implementation method is as follows：
Control group 1：According to 3. processing method applies thiophanate methyl decoction to hickory chick the step of embodiment 3；
Control group 2：According to 3. processing method applies Bravo decoction to hickory chick the step of embodiment 3；
Control group 3：According to 3. processing method applies carbendazim decoction to hickory chick the step of embodiment 3；
Control group 4：According to 3. processing method applies the rich decoction of mushroom to hickory chick the step of embodiment 3；
Control group 5：According to 3. processing method applies wart jinx's decoction to hickory chick the step of embodiment 3；
Test group：According to 3. processing method applies diseases prevention prepared by the implementation 3 of the present invention to hickory chick the step of embodiment 3
Insect pest decoction；
Blank group：According to 3. processing method only applies clear water to hickory chick the step of embodiment 3；
Every group of hickory chick field management is consistent.
Assay method：Observe the form of each cell hickory chick and the prevention effect of pest and disease damage
Measurement result such as table 1
As shown in Table 1, compared with blank group, the disease and the insect pest incidence of disease of the Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore of control group and test group
Substantially reduction, compared with applying conventional chemical agent, is imitated using the preventing and treating decoction of the present invention to the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of hickory chick
Significantly, after measured, compared with prior art, incidence of insect disease reduces 2.49% and 3.05% to fruit respectively.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore pest and disease damage preventing control method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1. place election：Selection soil types is sandy earth, and depth of humus layer thickness is in 5-7cm, and soil pH is in 7-8, forest land
Vegetation pattern is birch, is used as the cultivation area of hickory chick；
2. place is cleaned：Ginger by moisture less than 10% is cut into the thin slice and collect in cultivation area that thickness is 2-4cm
Ratio of the fallen leaves, musk deer glandular sac wall of birch according to weight than 5: 8: 4 is mixed, and covering is made, then railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment face is opened by 1-1.5 meters
Alcohol is sprayed on upper one layer of 10-15cm blanket of uniform fold, covering, then covering is burnt, waits to burn till
Ashes, the weight using ashes with timbered soil according to weight than 1: 10 is mixed as strain covering, and thickness is 5-10cm, then
By the sowing of hickory chick cultigen on the face of railway carriage or compartment, thickness of sowing is 1.5kg/m2；
3. control stategy：At after planting the 10th day, increase preventing disease and pest decoction of spray to railway carriage or compartment face, started at after planting the 20th day,
Every 5 days, increase preventing disease and pest decoction of spray to railway carriage or compartment face, until growing fructification；Described preventing disease and pest decoction, by weight
Number, by 20-30 portions of China trees, 3-7 parts of tripterygium wilfordiis, 8-15 parts of flue-cured tobaccos, 5-11 parts of wolf tail grass, 2-5 parts of stone-like omphalias, 6-8 parts of borneols, 4-
10 parts of szechwan raspberry root or leafs, 5-8 parts of multijugous pricklyash root mixing, soak 1.5-2 hours, then precook 40min in 2-4 DEG C of water, filter, filter
Liquid is put into temperature for 2-4 DEG C of refrigerator cold-storage 12-24 hour, filters again, 1-2 parts of Gingko yellows of addition after filtrate temperature is warmed to room temperature
Ketone, 2-4 part Tea Polyphenols, 1.5-3.5 parts of rebaudiosides stir and produced.
2. described a kind of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore pest and disease damage preventing control method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step
3. after the cultivation of middle hickory chick to during growing fructification cold water is poured in good time, holdings soil water content is 70-80%, simultaneously
The railway carriage or compartment face temperature for keeping plantation hickory chick is 4-6 DEG C.
3. described a kind of Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers sporophore pest and disease damage preventing control method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step
It is 4-6 DEG C that fluid temperature is kept during sprinkling described in 3..
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Cited By (7)
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| CN108934758A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-07 | 贵州健丰农业发展有限公司 | A kind of nuisanceless outdoor planting method of artificial hickory chick |
| CN108934757A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-07 | 贵州健丰农业发展有限公司 | A kind of artificial hickory chick outdoor planting method |
| CN108934759A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-07 | 贵州健丰农业发展有限公司 | A kind of artificial hickory chick high-quality cultural method |
| CN108967035A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-11 | 贵州健丰农业发展有限公司 | A kind of artificial hickory chick outdoor high temperature environmental cultivation method |
| CN113647301A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-11-16 | 深圳市万友工业设备有限公司 | High-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley land |
| CN113973643A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-28 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | Method for cultivating morchella by burning soil |
| CN114342737A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-04-15 | 四川省食用菌研究所 | Paecilomyces varioti disease prevention and control method for morchella esculenta |
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| CN108934758A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-07 | 贵州健丰农业发展有限公司 | A kind of nuisanceless outdoor planting method of artificial hickory chick |
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| CN113647301B (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2022-05-03 | 深圳市万友工业设备有限公司 | High-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley land |
| CN113973643A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-28 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | Method for cultivating morchella by burning soil |
| CN114342737A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-04-15 | 四川省食用菌研究所 | Paecilomyces varioti disease prevention and control method for morchella esculenta |
| CN114342737B (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2023-06-13 | 四川省食用菌研究所 | Paecilomyces disease prevention and control method for Morchella |
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| CN107231943B (en) | 2019-07-12 |
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