CN113647301B - High-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley land - Google Patents
High-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley land Download PDFInfo
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- CN113647301B CN113647301B CN202111118146.2A CN202111118146A CN113647301B CN 113647301 B CN113647301 B CN 113647301B CN 202111118146 A CN202111118146 A CN 202111118146A CN 113647301 B CN113647301 B CN 113647301B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-yield planting of morchella esculenta, and particularly relates to a high-yield method for interplanting morchella esculenta in highland barley land, which comprises the following operation steps: s1: selecting highland barley varieties, including Xiang miscellaneous oil 767-: cultivating highland barley seedlings, comprising the following steps: selecting soil texture in the middle and last ten days of 9 months, and performing the second step: selecting highland barley seeds, sowing and raising seedlings according to a conventional method, S3: the method has the advantages that the local cultivated morchella variety is suitable for cultivation, the highland barley is used for cultivation, the land utilization rate is fully improved, the morchella is planted under the highland barley, the highland barley can provide a cool growing environment for growth of the morchella, pests can be attracted to the position near the highland barley through highland barley volatile matters, the plant diseases and insect pests of the morchella are reduced, a natural environment beneficial to growth of the morchella is created, meanwhile, the economic benefit can be improved, green innovation is realized, and popularization is easy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-yield planting of morchella esculenta, in particular to a high-yield method for interplanting morchella esculenta in highland barley land.
Background
Morchella is also called morchella, belongs to Ascomycotina, Panorales, Morchellacaceae and Morchella, and is one of rare edible fungi in the world.
The common name of morchella genus encarpium is that the fungus lid part is concave-convex honeycomb-shaped, and the shape is exactly like the opened morchella.
Morchella, a low-temperature and high-humidity fungus, is fond of yin, and has various soil environments and vegetation types required by growth, so that the yield of the morchella is directly related to the rainfall in spring and summer.
The morchella esculenta is a famous rare edible and medicinal fungus recognized in the world, has unique fragrance and rich nutrition, is rich in various amino acids and organic germanium required by human bodies, is called land fish in the United states, is always used as a high-grade tonic for human nutrition in countries such as Europe and America, is mainly distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan, Gansu, Xinjiang, Shanxi, Liaoning and other places in China, also finds morchella esculenta in Anhui and Henan, and is called as a natural, nutritional and multifunctional healthy food due to rich nutritional ingredients and important medicinal value of the morchella esculenta.
Most of the existing morchella freely grows in a wild environment, and the morchella is not easy to produce high yield because the morchella is easy to be corroded by diseases and pests.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention is provided in view of the above and/or the problems in the existing high-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley.
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a high-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley land, which is characterized in that the highland barley land is used for planting, the morchella is planted under the highland barley, the highland barley can provide a cool growth environment for the growth of the morchella, pests can be induced to be collected near the highland barley through highland barley volatile matters, the plant diseases and insect pests of the morchella are reduced, a natural environment beneficial to the growth of the morchella is created, and the existing problems can be solved.
To solve the above technical problem, according to an aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a high-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley land comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following operation steps:
s1: selecting highland barley varieties, namely 767-825 parts of Xiang fusel oil, 199-263 parts of Xiang fusel oil and 803 parts of Fen oil 737-sand oil;
s2: cultivating highland barley seedlings;
the method comprises the following steps: selecting soil property in the middle and last ten days of 9 months;
step two: selecting highland barley seeds, and sowing and raising seedlings according to a conventional method;
s3: selecting morchella strains which have vigorous hypha and strong stress resistance and are suitable for local cultivation;
s4: soil preparation;
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, removing weeds, waste crops and stone impurities in the land;
step two: uniformly spreading quicklime in the land according to the amount of 20-40 kg/mu;
step three: then, turning the soil;
s5: ridging and ditching: raising a high ridge in the turned field;
s6: sowing morel strains;
the method comprises the following steps: in the middle and late 10 months, uniformly spreading strain coverings containing organic nutrient substances on the surfaces of the furrows;
step two: sowing morchella strains on the ridge surfaces in a sowing mode according to 1-2 kg/m;
step three: covering the surface of the ridge with strains with the thickness of 1.5-2.5cm, and covering soil with the thickness of 2-4cm after repeating the operation;
step four: finally watering on the sowing land;
s7: transplanting the highland barley seedlings: 2-4 days after the steps are finished, selecting barley strong seedlings, planting holes on the ridge surface, planting one seedling in each hole, and backfilling after planting a compound fertilizer;
s8: supplementing materials;
the method comprises the following steps: 3-5 days after S7, using the strain bags as nutrition bags, and placing wheat grains, bran and rice hulls in the nutrition bags;
step two: sterilizing after bagging, and cooling after sterilizing;
step three: 2000-one 2200 bags per mu are used, a mouth with the length of 8-10 cm is cut by a knife, the mouth is directly contacted with the soil of the fungus bed and is 2-3 cm deep into the soil of the fungus bed, and the nutrition bags are placed in the fungus bed with the length of 1-1.3 m;
s9: and (3) management after sowing: daily management mainly comprises watering and weeding, and soil humidity and air humidity of fields need to be controlled;
s10: harvesting: the morchella crassipes is cultivated to forest land and then harvested after 165-215 days of growth.
As a preferred scheme of the high-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley, the method comprises the following steps: in the first step of S2, soil with loose soil quality and near the water source is selected as the seedbed land.
As a preferable scheme of the high-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley land, the method comprises the following steps: and step two of S2, selecting highland barley seeds which are full and do not mildew.
As a preferred scheme of the high-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley, the method comprises the following steps: the morchella species in the S3 comprise six sisters of morchella and morchella arris.
As a preferred scheme of the high-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley, the method comprises the following steps: and in the third step of S4, the turning depth is set to be 15-25 cm.
As a preferred scheme of the high-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley, the method comprises the following steps: the width of each furrow in the S5 is 1.0-1.4m, the height of each furrow is 0.15-0.25m, and a groove is dug between adjacent furrows, wherein the depth of the groove is 0.1-0.15m, and the width of the groove is 0.15-0.25 m.
As a preferred scheme of the high-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley, the method comprises the following steps: and (S7) selecting barley strong seedlings and fixing planting holes on the ridge surface according to the specification of the plant-row spacing of 25 multiplied by 35 cm.
As a preferred scheme of the high-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley, the method comprises the following steps: in the first step of S8, the specification of the strain bag is 12 x 24 cm.
As a preferred scheme of the high-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley, the method comprises the following steps: in the step I of S8, the mass ratio of the wheat grains to the bran to the rice hulls is 1:1: 1.
As a preferred scheme of the high-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley, the method comprises the following steps: and in the S9, the soil humidity is controlled to be 40-50%, and the air relative humidity is controlled to be 70-80%.
Compared with the prior art: the highland barley is used for planting, the land utilization rate is fully improved, the morchella is planted under the highland barley, the highland barley can provide a cool growing environment for growth of the morchella, pests can be attracted near the highland barley through highland barley volatile matters, the pest and disease damage of the morchella is reduced, a natural environment beneficial to growth of the morchella is created, meanwhile, the economic benefit can be improved, green innovation is realized, and popularization is easy.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment 1 provides a high-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley land, which comprises the following operation steps:
s1: selecting highland barley varieties, namely 767 parts of Xiang fusel oil, 199 parts of Xiang fusel oil and 737 parts of fen oil;
s2: cultivating highland barley seedlings;
the method comprises the following steps: in the middle and last ten days of 9 months, selecting soil with loose soil and near a water source as a seedbed land;
step two: selecting highland barley seeds which are full and do not mildew, and sowing and raising seedlings according to a conventional method;
s3: selecting morchella species which have vigorous hypha and strong stress resistance and are suitable for local cultivation, wherein the morchella species comprise six sister morchella and prismoid;
s4: soil preparation;
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, removing impurities such as weeds, waste crops, stones and the like in the land;
step two: uniformly scattering quicklime in the land according to the amount of 20/mu;
step three: then, turning the ground, wherein the turning depth is set to be 15 cm;
s5: ridging and ditching: raising high ridges in the turned field, wherein the ridge width is 1.0-1.4m, the ridge height is 0.15-0.25m, and grooves are dug between adjacent ridges, the groove depth is 0.1-0.15m, and the groove width is 0.15-0.25 m;
s6: sowing morel strains;
the method comprises the following steps: in the middle and late 10 months, uniformly spreading strain coverings containing organic nutrient substances on the surfaces of the furrows;
step two: sowing morchella strains on the surface of the ridge in a sowing mode according to 1 kg/m;
step three: covering the surface of the ridge with strains with the thickness of 1.5cm, and covering soil for 2cm after repeating the operation;
step four: finally watering on the sowing land;
s7: transplanting the highland barley seedlings: 2-4 days after the steps are finished, planting holes are determined on the ridge surface according to the specification of the row spacing of 25 x 35cm for the barley strong seedlings, one seedling is planted in each hole, and backfilling is carried out after compound fertilizers are planted;
s8: supplementing materials;
the method comprises the following steps: 3 days after S7, using a strain bag as a nutrition bag, and placing wheat grains, bran and rice hulls in the nutrition bag, wherein the specification of the strain bag is 12 x 24cm, and the mass ratio of the wheat grains, the bran and the rice hulls is 1:1: 1;
step two: sterilizing after bagging, and cooling after sterilizing;
step three: 2000 bags are used per mu, an opening with the length of 8 centimeters is cut by a knife, so that the opening is directly contacted with the soil of the fungus bed and extends into the soil of the fungus bed for 2 centimeters, and the nutrition bags are placed in the fungus bed with the length of 1 meter;
s9: and (3) management after sowing: daily management mainly comprises watering and weeding, soil humidity and air humidity of a field need to be controlled, the soil humidity is controlled to be 40%, and the air relative humidity is controlled to be 70%;
s10: harvesting: and culturing morchella crassipes till the morchella crassipes grows in a forest land and then harvesting the morchella crassipes after 165 days.
The embodiment 2 provides a high-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley land, which comprises the following operation steps:
s1: selecting highland barley varieties, namely 796 parts of Xiang fusyou, 231 parts of Xiang fusyou and 770 parts of fen oil;
s2: cultivating highland barley seedlings;
the method comprises the following steps: in the middle and last ten days of 9 months, selecting soil with loose soil and near a water source as a seedbed land;
step two: selecting highland barley seeds which are full and do not mildew, and sowing and raising seedlings according to a conventional method;
s3: selecting morchella species which have vigorous hypha and strong stress resistance and are suitable for local cultivation, wherein the morchella species comprise six sister morchella and prismoid;
s4: soil preparation;
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, removing impurities such as weeds, waste crops, stones and the like in the land;
step two: uniformly scattering quicklime in the land according to the amount of 30 kg/mu;
step three: then, turning the ground, wherein the turning depth is set to be 20 cm;
s5: ridging and ditching: raising high ridges in the turned field, wherein the ridge width is 1.0-1.4m, the ridge height is 0.15-0.25m, and grooves are dug between adjacent ridges, the groove depth is 0.1-0.15m, and the groove width is 0.15-0.25 m;
s6: sowing morel strains;
the method comprises the following steps: in the middle and late 10 months, uniformly spreading strain coverings containing organic nutrient substances on the surfaces of the furrows;
step two: the morchella strain is sown on the ridge surface in a broadcasting mode according to 1.5 kg/m;
step three: covering strains with the thickness of 2cm on the surface of the ridge surface, and covering soil with the thickness of 3cm after repeating the operation;
step four: finally watering on the sowing land;
s7: transplanting the highland barley seedlings: within 3 days after the steps are finished, planting holes are determined on the ridge surface of the barley strong seedlings according to the specification of the row spacing of 25 x 35cm, one seedling is planted in each hole, and backfilling is carried out after compound fertilizers are planted;
s8: supplementing materials;
the method comprises the following steps: 4 days after S7, using a strain bag as a nutrition bag, and placing wheat grains, bran and rice hulls in the nutrition bag, wherein the specification of the strain bag is 12 x 24cm, and the mass ratio of the wheat grains, the bran and the rice hulls is 1:1: 1;
step two: sterilizing after bagging, and cooling after sterilizing;
step three: cutting a mouth with the length of 9 cm by a knife when the nutrition bag is used for 2100 bags per mu, enabling the mouth to be directly contacted with the soil of the fungus bed and extend into the soil of the fungus bed for 2.5cm, and placing one bag in the fungus bed with the length of 1.15 m;
s9: and (3) management after sowing: daily management mainly comprises watering and weeding, soil humidity and air humidity of a field need to be controlled, soil humidity is controlled to be 45%, and air relative humidity is controlled to be 75%;
s10: harvesting: culturing Morchella crassipes (pers.) Gawl to forest land, growing for 188 days, and harvesting.
Embodiment 3, the invention provides a high-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley, which comprises the following operation steps:
s1: selecting 825 parts of Xiang miscellaneous oil, 263 parts of Xiang miscellaneous oil and 803 parts of fen oil;
s2: cultivating highland barley seedlings;
the method comprises the following steps: in the middle and last ten days of 9 months, selecting soil with loose soil and near a water source as a seedbed land;
step two: selecting highland barley seeds which are full and do not mildew, and sowing and raising seedlings according to a conventional method;
s3: selecting morchella species which have vigorous hypha and strong stress resistance and are suitable for local cultivation, wherein the morchella species comprise six sister morchella and prismoid;
s4: soil preparation;
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, removing impurities such as weeds, waste crops, stones and the like in the land;
step two: uniformly scattering quicklime in the land according to the amount of 40 kg/mu;
step three: then, turning the ground, wherein the turning depth is set to be 25 cm;
s5: ridging and ditching: raising high ridges in the turned field, wherein the ridge width is 1.0-1.4m, the ridge height is 0.15-0.25m, and grooves are dug between adjacent ridges, the groove depth is 0.1-0.15m, and the groove width is 0.15-0.25 m;
s6: sowing morel strains;
the method comprises the following steps: in the middle and late 10 months, uniformly spreading strain coverings containing organic nutrient substances on the surfaces of the furrows;
step two: sowing morchella strains on the ridge surface according to 2kg/m in a sowing mode;
step three: covering strains with the thickness of 2.5cm on the surface of the ridge surface, and covering soil with the thickness of 4cm after repeating the operation;
step four: finally watering on the sowing land;
s7: transplanting the highland barley seedlings: within 4 days after the steps are finished, planting holes are determined on the ridge surface of the selected barley strong seedlings according to the specification of the row spacing of 25 multiplied by 35cm, one seedling is planted in each hole, and backfilling is carried out after compound fertilizer is planted;
s8: supplementing materials;
the method comprises the following steps: 5 days after S7, using a strain bag as a nutrition bag, and placing wheat grains, bran and rice hulls in the nutrition bag, wherein the specification of the strain bag is 12 x 24cm, and the mass ratio of the wheat grains, the bran and the rice hulls is 1:1: 1;
step two: sterilizing after bagging, and cooling after sterilizing;
step three: 2200 bags per mu are used, a hole with the length of 10 cm is cut by a knife, the hole is directly contacted with the soil of the fungus bed and extends into the soil of the fungus bed for 3cm, and the nutrition bags are placed in the fungus bed with the length of 1.3 m;
s9: and (3) management after sowing: daily management mainly comprises watering and weeding, soil humidity and air humidity of a field need to be controlled, the soil humidity is controlled to be 50%, and the air relative humidity is controlled to be 80%;
s10: harvesting: culturing Morchella crassipes, growing in forest land, and harvesting for 215 days.
The fields of the above examples 1 to 3 with similar soil conditions in the same area are selected to be 40 mu, and randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 mu, and the following data are obtained through experiments:
| treatment of | Total yield (kg) | Average output value (kg/mu) | Comparative control yield (%) |
| Control | 1983 | 198.3 | 0 |
| Example 1 | 2097 | 229.7 | 15.8 |
| Example 2 | 2236 | 243.6 | 22.8 |
| Example 3 | 3020 | 272.0 | 37.2 |
The method for calculating various indexes comprises the following steps: average output value = total output value/land area, and is compared with reference output value = (average output value-CK group output value)/CK group output value;
as can be seen from table 1, the morel yield value can be significantly improved by planting morel in the embodiments 1 to 3, which is respectively improved by 15.8%, 22.8% and 37.2% compared with the control group planted by the common method, which illustrates that the high-yield method for interplanting morel in highland barley land can significantly improve the morel yield value, the utilization rate of land is fully improved by planting morel in highland barley, the highland barley can provide a cool growing environment for morel growth, and pests can be attracted to the vicinity of the highland barley by highland barley volatile matters, so that the diseases and insect pests of morel are reduced, a natural environment beneficial to morel growth is created, and meanwhile, the economic benefit can be improved, green innovation is realized, and popularization is easy.
While the invention has been described above with reference to an embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the various features of the disclosed embodiments of the invention may be used in any combination, provided that no structural conflict exists, and the combinations are not exhaustively described in this specification merely for the sake of brevity and resource conservation. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A high-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley land is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following operation steps:
s1: selecting highland barley varieties, namely 767-825 parts of Xiang fusel oil, 199-263 parts of Xiang fusel oil and 803 parts of Fen oil 737-sand oil;
s2: cultivating highland barley seedlings;
the method comprises the following steps: selecting soil property in the middle and last ten days of 9 months;
step two: selecting highland barley seeds, and sowing and raising seedlings according to a conventional method;
s3: selecting morchella strains which have vigorous hypha and strong stress resistance and are suitable for local cultivation;
s4: soil preparation;
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, removing weeds, waste crops and stone impurities in the land;
step two: uniformly spreading quicklime in the land according to the amount of 20-40 kg/mu;
step three: then turning the soil;
s5: ridging and ditching: raising a high ridge in the turned field;
s6: sowing morel strains;
the method comprises the following steps: in the middle and last 10 months, uniformly scattering strain coverings containing organic nutrient substances on the surfaces of the furrows;
step two: sowing morchella strains on the ridge surfaces in a sowing mode according to 1-2 kg/m;
step three: covering the surface of the ridge with strains with the thickness of 1.5-2.5cm, and covering soil with the thickness of 2-4cm after repeating the operation;
step four: finally watering on the sowing land;
s7: transplanting the highland barley seedlings: 2-4 days after the steps are finished, selecting barley strong seedlings, planting holes on the ridge surface, planting one seedling in each hole, and backfilling after planting a compound fertilizer;
s8: supplementing materials;
the method comprises the following steps: 3-5 days after S7, using the strain bags as nutrition bags, and placing wheat grains, bran and rice hulls in the nutrition bags;
step two: sterilizing after bagging, and cooling after sterilizing;
step three: 2000-one 2200 bags per mu are used, a mouth with the length of 8-10 cm is cut by a knife, the mouth is directly contacted with the soil of the fungus bed and is 2-3 cm deep into the soil of the fungus bed, and the nutrition bags are placed in the fungus bed with the length of 1-1.3 m;
s9: and (3) management after sowing: daily management mainly comprises watering and weeding, and soil humidity and air humidity of fields need to be controlled;
s10: harvesting: the morchella crassipes is cultivated to forest land and then harvested after 165-215 days of growth.
2. The high-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley according to claim 1, wherein the soil with loose soil and a distance from a water source is selected as a seedbed in the first step of S2.
3. The high-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley according to claim 1, wherein the highland barley seeds which are full and not mildewed are selected in the step two of S2.
4. The high-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley according to claim 1, wherein the morchella variety in S3 comprises six sisters of morchella and morchella arris.
5. The high-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley fields according to claim 1, wherein the turning depth in the third step of S4 is set to be 15cm-25 cm.
6. The high-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley fields according to claim 1, wherein the width of a furrow in the S5 is 1.0-1.4m, the height of the furrow is 0.15-0.25m, and a groove is dug between adjacent furrows, the depth is 0.1-0.15m, and the width of the groove is 0.15-0.25 m.
7. The high-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley land according to claim 1, wherein strong highland barley seedlings are selected in S7 and planted in the ridge surface according to the specification of the plant-row spacing of 25 x 35 cm.
8. The high-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley according to claim 1, wherein the specification of the strain bag in the first step of S8 is 12 x 24 cm.
9. The high-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the wheat grains, the bran and the rice hulls in the step one of S8 is 1:1: 1.
10. The high-yield method for interplanting morchella in highland barley according to claim 1, wherein the soil humidity in S9 is controlled to be 40% -50%, and the air relative humidity is controlled to be 70% -80%.
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