CN114342737B - Paecilomyces disease prevention and control method for Morchella - Google Patents
Paecilomyces disease prevention and control method for Morchella Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a paecilomyces disease prevention and control method for Morchella, and belongs to the technical field of Morchella strain planting. The method comprises the following steps: pretreating cultivation soil by using a medicament before sowing Morchella; the components of the medicament comprise water, 2-32ml of mushroom alcohol and 2.5-8ml of emulsifying agent by volume; the pretreatment is to apply the agent to the soil in a spraying or irrigating mode; the final effective concentration of the mushroom alcohol is 12.5-200ppm. By using the medicament, the paecilomyces disease can be inhibited, and meanwhile, no side effect is generated on the growth of the Morchella, so that the white mold incidence rate of the Morchella is obviously reduced, the fruiting rate and the yield of the Morchella are improved, and the commodity value of the Morchella is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Morchella strain planting, in particular to a paecilomyces disease prevention and control method for Morchella.
Background
Morchella is an earth cultivated edible fungus, is extremely easy to infect soil-borne diseases, on one hand, fruiting body diseases are easy to form to influence commodity, on the other hand, fruiting rate can be disturbed, morchella particles can be prevented from being received when serious, and the method is also the most serious problem in Morchella cultivation, so that Morchella cultivation becomes an agricultural investment with extremely high risk.
Paecilomyces can infect the fruiting body of Morchella to form the most common disease white mold of Morchella, and is one of the potential risks of Morchella not fruiting. Therefore, solving the pollution of the paecilomyces soil is important for preventing and controlling Morchella diseases and ensuring the stable income of the growers.
Because Morchella belongs to ascomycetes, the chemical bactericide adopted according to the prior art is harmful to Morchella, and can not be used for preventing and controlling Morchella soil-borne diseases.
At present, no effective method for preventing and controlling Morchella diseases by using a medicament exists.
In view of this, the present invention has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a paecilomyces disease prevention and control method for Morchella, which can effectively prevent and control Morchella diseases through medicaments.
The application can be realized as follows:
the application provides a paecilomyces disease prevention and control method of Morchella, which comprises the following steps: pretreating cultivation soil by using a medicament before sowing Morchella;
the components of each medicament comprise water, 2-32ml of mushroom alcohol and 2.5-8ml of emulsifying agent according to the volume of the components;
the pretreatment is to apply the agent to the soil in a spraying or irrigating mode;
the final effective concentration of the mushroom alcohol is 12.5-200ppm.
In an alternative embodiment, the mushroom alcohol is used at an effective concentration of 50-200ppm.
In alternative embodiments, the spray or irrigation amount is 6-6.5 parts/m 3 Preferably 6.25 parts/m 3 。
In an alternative embodiment, the ingredients of each dose include 2-32ml of mushroom alcohol, 5ml of emulsifier, and 10000ml of water.
In a preferred embodiment, the ingredients of each dose comprise 8-32ml of mushroom alcohol, 5ml of emulsifier and 10000ml of water.
In an alternative embodiment, the emulsifier is tween.
In a preferred embodiment, the emulsifier is tween 80.
In an alternative embodiment, the medicament is prepared by mixing the mushroom alcohol, the emulsifier and the water in a ratio.
In an alternative embodiment, the mixing of the mushroom alcohol, the emulsifier and the water is to mix the emulsifier and the water first and then to mix with the mushroom alcohol.
In an alternative embodiment, the agent is a pretreatment of the cultivation soil 1-5 days before sowing the Morchella.
The beneficial effects of this application include:
according to the application, the mushroom alcohol, the emulsifier and the water are mixed according to a specific proportion to form the medicament, and the medicament is used according to a specific effective concentration, so that the fungus diseases of Morchella esculenta (fungi) can be controlled in a targeted manner, and the pathogenic fungi (paecilomyces) can be effectively inhibited while the Morchella esculenta is not damaged. The preparation not only serves as a bactericide, but also plays a role of a microorganism area regulator, and achieves the effect of preventing and controlling paecilomyces diseases of Morchella together in two aspects of bacteriostasis and ecological improvement.
By the paecilomyces disease prevention and control method for the morchella, the paecilomyces disease can be inhibited, side effects on the growth of the morchella are avoided, the white mold incidence rate of the morchella is remarkably reduced, the fruiting rate and the yield of the morchella are improved, and the commodity value of the morchella is further improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing fruiting efficiency and white mold incidence rate results provided in test example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of the treatment of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation in test example 1 on the proportion of Morchella esculenta and Paecilomyces varioti in soil;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of treatment with the agent of test example 1 of the present application on the beta-diversity of soil bacterial communities.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
The paecilomyces disease prevention and control method of Morchella provided by the application is specifically described below.
At present, the mushroom alcohol is mainly used as a broad-spectrum bactericide, and can inhibit fungi and bacteria. The Morchella is a fungus, based on which the prior knowledge is that the mushroom alcohol can inhibit the growth of Morchella.
The inventor breaks through the traditional cognition and creatively proposes the following paecilomyces disease prevention and control method of Morchella.
The method mainly comprises the following steps: before morchella sowing, the cultivation soil is pretreated by using a medicament.
The components of each part of the medicament comprise water, 2-32ml of mushroom alcohol and 2.5-8ml of emulsifying agent by volume.
The amount of the mushroom alcohol may be 2ml, 5ml, 8ml, 10ml, 12ml, 15ml, 18ml, 20ml, 22ml, 25ml, 28ml, 30ml or 32ml, etc., and may be any other value within the range of 2 to 32 ml.
The amount of the emulsifier may be 2.5ml, 3ml, 3.5ml, 4ml, 4.5ml, 5ml, 5.5ml, 6ml, 6.5ml, 7ml, 7.5ml or 8ml, etc., or may be any other value within the range of 2.5 to 8 ml. It can also be understood that: the dosage of the emulsifier is 0.5-1 wt%o of the dosage of water.
The amount of water used may be determined based on the humidity of the soil being sprayed or irrigated, the drier the soil, the more water being sprayed or irrigated. In some alternative embodiments, the water may be used in an amount of 9000-11000ml, by way of example and without limitation.
In some preferred embodiments, the ingredients of each dose include 2-32ml of mushroom alcohol, 5ml of emulsifier, and 10000ml of water. In some more preferred embodiments, the ingredients of each dose include 8-32ml of mushroom alcohol, 5ml of emulsifier, and 10000ml of water. Under the formula, the composition is more beneficial to obtaining good control effect.
In the present application, the mushroom alcohol is used at an effective concentration of 12.5 to 200ppm, such as 12.5ppm, 20ppm, 50ppm, 80ppm, 100ppm, 120ppm, 150ppm, 180ppm or 200ppm, etc., and may be any other value within the range of 12.5 to 200ppm, preferably 50 to 200ppm.
It is emphasized that the components are mixed into the medicament according to a specific proportion and used according to a specific effective concentration, so that the fungus diseases of Morchella esculenta (fungi) can be controlled in a targeted manner, and the pathogenic fungi (paecilomyces) can be effectively inhibited while the Morchella esculenta is not damaged.
In addition, the preparation not only serves as a bactericide, but also plays a role of a microorganism area regulator, namely, the effects of preventing and treating paecilomyces diseases of Morchella are achieved jointly in two aspects of bacteriostasis and ecological improvement.
In an alternative embodiment, the emulsifying agent may be a tween-like substance, or may be another substance that can play an emulsifying role. In some preferred embodiments, the emulsifier is tween 80. The tween 80 is matched with the mushroom alcohol and the water, so that the action efficiency of the mushroom alcohol is improved.
In the application, the medicament is obtained by directly mixing the mushroom alcohol, the emulsifier and the water according to the proportion, and the mixed medicament is in a liquid form.
In some preferred embodiments, the mixing of the mushroom alcohol, the emulsifier and the water is performed by mixing the emulsifier and the water prior to mixing with the mushroom alcohol.
By mixing in this order, rapid and uniform mixing of the substances is facilitated.
As a reference, the above-mentioned agents may be used to pretreat the cultivation soil 1-5 days (e.g., 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days or 5 days) before sowing Morchella.
The pretreatment can be to apply the agent to the soil in a spraying or watering manner, and the spraying or watering amount can be 6-6.5 parts/m 3 Such as 6 parts/m 3 6.1 parts/m 3 6.2 parts/m 3 6.3 parts/m 3 6.4 parts/m 3 Or 6.5 parts/m 3 Etc. may be 6 to 6.5 parts/m 3 Any value within the range. In some preferred embodiments, the amount sprayed is 6.25 parts/m 3 。
By spraying according to the spraying conditions, the disease caused by the pollution of the paecilomyces soil to Morchella can be effectively solved, and the stable income of the growers is ensured.
On the way, through the prevention and control method provided by the application, at least the following effects can be achieved:
(1) The incidence rate of white mold of Morchella is obviously reduced, and the commodity value of Morchella is improved;
(2) No side effect is caused to the growth of Morchella, the fruiting rate of Morchella is ensured, and the yield of Morchella is improved;
(3) The main component of the medicament is a food additive, is green and pollution-free, and ensures sustainable development of agriculture;
(4) The operation is simple, and the method is suitable for common farmers;
(5) Low cost, and about 2000 yuan per mu.
The features and capabilities of the present invention are described in further detail below in connection with the examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a paecilomyces disease prevention and control method of Morchella, which comprises the following steps:
1 day before sowing Morchella, 6.25 parts/m 3 The spraying amount of the agent is sprayed on the surface of the cultivation soil, and the final effective concentration of the mushroom alcohol is 12.5ppm.
The composition of the medicine is 2ml of mushroom alcohol, 5ml of Tween 80 and 10000ml of water according to the volume of the composition. The preparation is prepared by mixing emulsifier and water, and mixing with mushroom alcohol.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a paecilomyces disease prevention and control method of Morchella, which comprises the following steps:
1 day before sowing Morchella, 6.25 parts/m 3 Spraying the medicament according to the spraying amount of the (E)Applied to the surface of the cultivated soil, the final effective concentration of the mushroom alcohol is 50ppm.
The composition of the medicine is 8ml of mushroom alcohol, 5ml of Tween 80 and 10000ml of water according to the volume of the composition. The preparation is prepared by mixing emulsifier and water, and mixing with mushroom alcohol.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a paecilomyces disease prevention and control method of Morchella, which comprises the following steps:
1 day before sowing Morchella, 6.25 parts/m 3 The spraying amount of the agent is sprayed on the surface of the cultivated soil, and the final effective concentration of the mushroom alcohol is 200ppm.
The composition of the medicine is 32ml of mushroom alcohol, 5ml of Tween 80 and 10000ml of water according to the volume of the composition. The preparation is prepared by mixing emulsifier and water, and mixing with mushroom alcohol.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a paecilomyces disease prevention and control method of Morchella, which comprises the following steps:
1 day before sowing Morchella, 6.25 parts/m 3 The spraying amount of the agent is sprayed on the surface of the cultivation soil, and the final effective concentration of the mushroom alcohol is 93.75ppm.
The composition of the medicine is 15ml of mushroom alcohol, 5ml of tween 80 and 10000ml of water according to the volume of the composition. The preparation is prepared by mixing emulsifier and water, and mixing with mushroom alcohol.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a paecilomyces disease prevention and control method of Morchella, which comprises the following steps:
1 day before sowing Morchella, 6.25 parts/m 3 The spraying amount of the agent is sprayed on the surface of the cultivated soil, and the final effective concentration of the mushroom alcohol is 200ppm.
The composition of the medicine is 3.2ml of mushroom alcohol, 5ml of tween 80 and 10000ml of water according to the volume of the composition. The preparation is prepared by mixing emulsifier and water, and mixing with mushroom alcohol.
Example 6
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: the Tween 80 content was 2.5ml, and the other conditions were unchanged.
Example 7
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: the Tween 80 content was 8ml, and the other conditions were unchanged.
Example 8
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: the emulsifying agent is Tween 20, and the rest conditions are unchanged.
Example 9
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: 6 parts/m 3 days before sowing Morchella 3 The spraying amount of the pesticide is sprayed on the surface of the cultivation soil, and the rest conditions are unchanged.
Example 10
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: at a rate of 6.5 parts/m for 5 days before sowing Morchella 3 The spraying amount of the pesticide is sprayed on the surface of the cultivation soil, and the rest conditions are unchanged.
Example 11
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: the mushroom alcohol, the emulsifier and the water are mixed at the same time, and the rest conditions are unchanged.
Test example 1
And (3) performing Morchella cultivation experiments on the Chengdu plain in 2020-2021, wherein the specific cultivation place is located in Xindu Taixing town. Four groups of test areas (namely a first test area, a second test area, a third test area and a fourth test area) with equal areas are defined at the cultivation site, the soil performance of the three groups of test areas is not obviously different, and the spraying amount is 62.5 parts/m 1 day before the morchella sowing 3 The medicaments are respectively sprayed on the surfaces of which are 0.16m 3 Soil surfaces of test zone one, test zone two, test zone three and test zone four. Wherein the test area I is sprayed with a low concentration agent (hereinafter, referred to as LT, low concentration group) specifically obtained by mixing 2ml of mushroom alcohol, 5ml of Tween 80 and water (corresponding to example 1); spraying medium concentration agent (MT below, medium concentration group) in test area II, specifically by mixing 8ml of mushroom alcohol, 5ml of Tween 80 and water (corresponding to example 2); three spray-applied high concentration agent (hereinafter referred to as HT, high concentration group) in test area, specifically 32ml of mushroom alcohol, 5ml of Tween 80And water (corresponding to example 3); test area four is a control group that was not treated with the drug. In the test process, the soil microbial community in the Morchella growth stage is dynamically monitored.
The fruiting efficiency and white mold incidence of the four treatment groups are shown in fig. 1 (the significance of the indications is shown in the table), the effect of the medicament treatment on the ratio of morchella to paecilomyces in the soil is shown in fig. 2, and the effect of the mushroom alcohol on the fruiting time and yield of the morchella is shown in table 1.
As can be seen from the left diagram in fig. 1: the fruiting effect of Morchella esculenta on the soil treated by the medicines with different concentrations is obviously better than that of the control group. Statistics of combined morbidity (as shown in the right panel of fig. 1) show that: after the medicament treatment, although the low concentration treatment group (LT) has no influence on the incidence of white mold, the yield of Morchella is obviously improved, and the medium and high concentration medicament treatment (MT, HT) obviously reduces the incidence of white mold and simultaneously improves the yield of Morchella.
TABLE 1 Effect of mushroom alcohol on Morchella fruiting time and yield
Note that: the same letters indicate no significance (P > 0.05).
As shown in table 1: when the treatment concentration is 200ppm (HT), although the yield of Morchella is not obviously reduced, the fruiting time is prolonged by 10 days compared with that of a comparison LT group, at the moment, the environment temperature is gradually increased, morchella is suitable for low-temperature growth, fruiting is generally carried out before and after spring festival, the difficulty of field management and fresh-keeping transportation after picking can be increased along with the increase of the air temperature, and uncertainty factors in mass production and management can be increased. Therefore, the optimal treatment concentration should be below 200ppm.
As can be seen from fig. 2: the medicament treatment has no side effect on accumulation of Morchella mycelium in the soil, but on the 70 th day, the Morchella proportion of the control group is seriously reduced, and the medicament treatment group has no obvious change. The great increase in the proportion of paecilomyces in the control group at day 70 may be a major cause of the decrease in the proportion of Morchella, because paecilomyces can inhibit the growth of Morchella hyphae, while paecilomyces in the medicament-treated group is significantly suppressed, thereby reducing the harm of paecilomyces to the growth and development of Morchella.
In addition, the effect of the treatment with the agent on the β -diversity of the soil bacterial community was also investigated in this test example, and the results are shown in fig. 3. As can be seen from fig. 3: the medicament treatment remarkably changes the beta-diversity (P=0.001) of bacterial communities in the soil, which is probably one of reasons for alleviating Morchella diseases, and the medicament provided by the application can regulate the soil microbiota and effectively prevent and treat crop soil-borne diseases.
Test example 2
In the cultivation site of test example 1, cultivation tests were conducted by the control method of examples 4 to 11, and the results showed that: the methods provided in examples 4-11 can effectively prevent and control paecilomyces diseases of Morchella, reduce the white mold incidence rate of Morchella, and improve the fruiting rate and yield of Morchella.
In summary, the paecilomyces disease prevention and control method of Morchella provided by the application can achieve the following effects:
(1) The incidence rate of white mold of Morchella is obviously reduced, and the commodity value of Morchella is improved;
(2) No side effect is caused to the growth of Morchella, the fruiting rate of Morchella is ensured, and the yield of Morchella is improved;
(3) The main component of the medicament is a food additive, is green and pollution-free, and ensures sustainable development of agriculture;
(4) The operation is simple, and the method is suitable for common farmers;
(5) Low cost, and about 2000 yuan per mu.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A paecilomyces disease prevention and control method for Morchella is characterized by comprising the following steps: pretreating cultivation soil by using a medicament before sowing Morchella;
the components of each medicament comprise water, 2-32ml of mushroom alcohol and 2.5-8ml of emulsifying agent according to the volume of the components;
the pretreatment is to apply the agent to the soil in a spraying or watering manner,
the final effective concentration of the mushroom alcohol is 50-200ppm;
the preparation is to pretreat the cultivation soil 1-5 days before sowing Morchella.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of the agent sprayed or poured is 6-6.5 parts/m 3 。
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the agent is sprayed or irrigated in an amount of 6.25 parts/m 3 。
4. The method of claim 1, wherein each serving of the composition of the medicament comprises 2-32ml of the mushroom alcohol, 5ml of the emulsifier, and 10000ml of water.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein each serving of the composition of the medicament comprises 8-32ml of the mushroom alcohol, 5ml of the emulsifier, and 10000ml of water.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier is tween.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the emulsifier is tween 80.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the medicament is obtained by mixing the mushroom alcohol, the emulsifier and water in a ratio.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the mixing of the mushroom alcohol, the emulsifier and the water is by mixing the emulsifier and the water prior to mixing with the mushroom alcohol.
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