CN107231940B - Truffle inoculation pill and preparation and use method thereof - Google Patents
Truffle inoculation pill and preparation and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107231940B CN107231940B CN201710413126.5A CN201710413126A CN107231940B CN 107231940 B CN107231940 B CN 107231940B CN 201710413126 A CN201710413126 A CN 201710413126A CN 107231940 B CN107231940 B CN 107231940B
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of truffle planting, and particularly relates to a truffle inoculation pellet and a preparation and use method thereof. Aiming at the problems of short preservation time, inconsistent inoculation infection rate, inconvenient use and the like of truffle pills, the invention provides a truffle inoculation pill and a preparation method and a use method thereof. The truffle inoculation pill comprises the following components: 30-35 parts of truffle powder, 8-12 parts of limestone powder, 20-25 parts of vermiculite powder, 10-20 parts of peat powder, 1-2 parts of EM saccharomycetes, 4-6 parts of white sugar and 1-2 parts of bacillus subtilis. The raw materials are weighed according to a proportion, stirred and uniformly mixed at 1000-1200 r/min, pressed into fungus pills with the weight of 1.5-2 g/pill by a tablet press, dried and packaged to obtain the truffle fungus pills. The truffle inoculation fungus pill has long storage time, convenient use and high inoculation infection rate, shortens the formation time of mycorrhiza, greatly improves the quantity of plant fibrous roots, and is worthy of popularization and use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of truffle planting, and particularly relates to a truffle inoculation pellet and a preparation and use method thereof.
Background
Truffles (t.ruffles) is truffles (Tuber) of the family of trufflaceae of the order of the ascomycete truffles, is the most precious symbiotic edible fungus in the world, has peculiar fragrance and nutritive value, thus has limited yield, is expensive in the international market and is not in demand, wherein the truffles is known as 'black diamond'.
In order to improve the cultivation quality of truffle root seedlings and the yield of wild truffles, effectively protect the existing resources and realize the continuous utilization of truffles, the truffle pills are generally adopted to inoculate host plants to cultivate the truffle root seedlings, so that the artificial cultivation is carried out, and the yield of the wild truffles in a fungi pond can also be improved in a field fungi pond reseeding mode. The growth of the truffle needs to be in nutrient symbiosis with the root system of a proper host plant, otherwise, an ascocarp cannot be formed, which means that the artificial cultivation of the truffle cannot leave a living host plant, so that the artificial cultivation of the truffle is difficult and the technical content is high.
At present, liquid fungus pills and solid fungus pills are mainly adopted for inoculation in foreign inoculation and cultivation of mycorrhizal seedlings, aseptic bare-rooted seedlings are usually cultivated firstly in the solid fungus pill inoculation, and a nutrition pot is replaced during inoculation. The liquid fungus pill is not uniformly inoculated, the number of spores of truffles is large and small, the quality of mycorrhiza formed after inoculation is inconsistent, even the liquid fungus pill with small inoculation cannot infect plants to form mycorrhiza, and the preservation time of the liquid fungus is short and is generally not more than 7 days.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: high death rate of inoculated seedlings, short preservation time of truffle strains, inconsistent inoculation infection rate, inconvenient use and the like.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problem of the invention is as follows: provides a truffle inoculation pellet and a preparation method and a use method thereof.
The invention provides a truffle inoculation pellet, which comprises the following components: according to the weight portion, 30-35 portions of truffle powder, 8-12 portions of limestone powder, 20-25 portions of vermiculite powder, 10-20 portions of peat powder, 1-2 portions of EM saccharomycetes, 4-6 portions of white sugar and 1-2 portions of bacillus subtilis.
Preferably, the truffle inoculation pellet comprises the following components: according to the weight portion, 33 portions of truffle powder, 10 portions of limestone powder, 23 portions of vermiculite powder, 15 portions of peat powder, 2 portions of EM yeast, 5 portions of white sugar and 2 portions of bacillus subtilis.
Wherein, in the truffle inoculation bacteria pill, the particle diameters of the limestone powder, the vermiculite powder and the peat powder are all less than or equal to 0.5 mm.
In the truffle inoculation pill, the truffle is one of tuber indicum, tuber summertiae, tuber climax, tuber boswellia, tuber nigrospora, tuber botrytis or tuber prunus salicina.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the truffle inoculation pill, which comprises the following steps:
a. truffle strain collection and preservation
Selecting mature truffles, sterilizing and crushing into powder with the diameter less than or equal to 0.5 mm;
b. prepared truffle pill
Weighing the raw materials according to 30-35 parts of truffle powder, 8-12 parts of limestone powder, 20-25 parts of vermiculite powder, 10-15 parts of peat powder, 1-2 parts of EM saccharomycetes, 4-6 parts of white sugar and 1-2 parts of bacillus subtilis, stirring and uniformly mixing at 1000-1200 rpm, pressing into fungus pills with the weight of 1.5-2 g/pill by using a tablet press, drying and packaging to obtain the truffle pills.
In the preparation method of the truffle inoculated pellet, the mature truffle in the step a refers to truffle with the spore maturity of more than 95%; the maturity of the spores refers to the percentage of the number of spores matured under a microscope to the total number of spores.
In the preparation method of the truffle inoculation bacteria pill, the sterilization method in the step a comprises the following steps: soaking the substrate in 70-75% alcohol for 2-3 min.
Wherein, in the preparation method of the truffle inoculation bacteria pill, the temperature is less than or equal to 35 ℃ during the pressing in the step b.
In the preparation method of the truffle inoculated bacteria pill, the drying in the step b is vacuum drying or shade drying, the vacuum drying temperature is 30-35 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 0.06-0.08 MPa.
In the preparation method of the truffle inoculation bacteria pill, the water content of the dried bacteria pill in the step b is 9-12%.
The invention also provides a using method of the truffle inoculation pellet, wherein the inoculation amount is 2-10 grains per strain, and the inoculation depth is 5-10 cm from the soil surface.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a truffle inoculation bacterium pill which can improve a mycorrhiza culture medium and a microbial structure, greatly improve the number of plant fibrous roots and improve the infection rate by about 20 percent. The mycorrhiza forming time can be shortened, and the mycorrhiza forming time of the mycorrhiza pill is shortened by more than 2 months compared with the conventional mycorrhiza pill. The preparation and use methods of the fungus pill are simple, a foundation can be provided for aseptic seedling cultivation inoculation, yield increasing inoculation of artificial cultivation and yield increasing inoculation of a wild truffle fungus pond, and the fungus pill is worthy of popularization and use.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a truffle inoculation pellet, which comprises the following components: according to the weight portion, 30-35 portions of truffle powder, 8-12 portions of limestone powder, 20-25 portions of vermiculite powder, 10-15 portions of peat powder, 1-2 portions of EM saccharomycetes, 4-6 portions of white sugar and 1-2 portions of bacillus subtilis.
Preferably, the truffle inoculation pellet comprises the following components: according to the weight portion, 33 portions of truffle powder, 10 portions of limestone powder, 23 portions of vermiculite powder, 15 portions of peat powder, 2 portions of EM yeast, 5 portions of white sugar and 2 portions of bacillus subtilis.
Wherein, in the truffle inoculation bacteria pill, the particle diameters of the limestone powder, the vermiculite powder and the peat powder are all less than or equal to 0.5 mm.
According to the invention, limestone powder, vermiculite powder, peat powder and EM yeast are selected to be matched with the Panzhihua truffle for use, wherein the limestone powder can keep strains dry, can provide calcium for truffle growth and can adjust the pH value; the vermiculite powder can maintain the porosity of the fungus pill, play a role in filling and supplement minerals; the peat powder contains humic acid, and can promote germination of truffle spores and growth of plant roots; the EM saccharomycete and the bacillus subtilis can improve the microbial structure of the culture medium and promote the formation of mycorrhiza; the white sugar can supplement nitrogen source and has binding effect; the substances are used in combination, so that the truffle inoculated pellet is rich in nutrition, high in inoculation infection rate and capable of effectively increasing the number of fibrous roots.
In the truffle inoculation pill, the truffle is one of tuber indicum, tuber summertiae, tuber climax, tuber boswellia, tuber nigrospora, tuber botrytis or tuber prunus salicina.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the truffle inoculation pill, which comprises the following steps:
a. truffle strain collection and preservation
Selecting mature truffles, sterilizing and crushing into powder with the diameter less than or equal to 0.5 mm;
b. prepared truffle pill
Weighing raw materials according to 30-35 parts of truffle powder, 8-12 parts of limestone powder, 20-25 parts of vermiculite powder, 10-15 parts of peat powder, 1-2 parts of EM saccharomycetes, 4-6 parts of white sugar and 1-2 parts of bacillus subtilis, placing the raw materials in a stirrer with the speed of 1000-1200 rpm, stirring for 1-2 minutes, fully mixing uniformly, pressing into fungus pills or fungus tablets with the weight of 1.5-2 g/pill by using a tablet press, and packaging by vacuum drying to obtain the truffle pills.
In the preparation method of the truffle inoculated pellet, the mature truffle in the step a refers to truffle with the spore maturity of more than 95%; the maturity of the spores refers to the percentage of the number of spores matured under a microscope to the total number of spores.
In the preparation method of the truffle inoculation bacteria pill, the sterilization method in the step a comprises the following steps: soaking the substrate in 70-75% alcohol for 2-3 min.
Wherein, in the preparation method of the truffle inoculation bacteria pill, the temperature is less than or equal to 35 ℃ during the pressing in the step b.
In the preparation method of the truffle inoculated bacteria pill, the drying in the step b is vacuum drying or shade drying, the vacuum drying temperature is 30-35 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 0.06-0.08 MPa.
In the preparation method of the truffle inoculation bacterium pill, in order to effectively preserve the bacterium pill and ensure the germination capacity of truffle spores, the water content of the dried bacterium pill in the step b is 9-12%.
The invention also provides a using method of the truffle inoculation pellet, wherein the inoculation amount is 2-10 grains per strain, and the inoculation depth is 5-10 cm from the soil surface.
The following examples further illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to the examples.
EM yeast in the embodiment of the invention is purchased from Shanxi Changtai animal pharmaceutical industry, and the execution standard is Q/SCY 010-213; the bacillus subtilis is purchased from Wuhantianhui bioengineering GmbH, and the product standard certificate is Q/WTH 05-2012;
in the examples, the tuber indicum, tuber eliminatum and tuber climax are all purchased from tradesman's tuber limited company.
Whether the conventional tuber indicum, conventional tuber summertiae and conventional tuber climax described in the examples refer to tuber indicum, tuber summertiae and tuber climax prepared by conventional methods. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
the preparation method of the solid truffle strain comprises the following steps: firstly, the truffle is crushed and mixed with the sterilized vermiculite or fine soil to obtain truffle pills, and the truffle pills are kept for 7 days at the low temperature of 5 ℃.
Preparing liquid strains: crushing truffles according to the weight ratio of 1: 10, adding water into the mixture, uniformly stirring the mixture in a stirrer to obtain liquid strains, preparing the strains on site, and keeping the strains at the low temperature of 5 ℃ for 3 days.
Example 1 preparation of truffle inoculated pellet by the method of the invention
Preparing truffle inoculation pill, which comprises the following components: 33 parts of truffle powder, 10 parts of limestone powder, 23 parts of vermiculite powder, 15 parts of peat powder, 2 parts of EM yeast, 5 parts of white sugar and 2 parts of bacillus subtilis.
The preparation method of the truffle inoculation pill comprises the following operations:
weighing the raw materials according to the components, crushing the raw materials into powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 0.5mm, uniformly stirring the powder at the speed of 1000 revolutions per minute, pressing the powder into fungus pills with the weight of 2 g/granule by adopting a tablet press, and drying the pills until the water content is 10 percent to prepare the truffle fungus pills.
The truffle pill prepared in the example 1 is used for cultivating the truffle root seedling
The method comprises the steps of cultivating sterile seedlings such as Yunnan pine, Chinese chestnut, American hickory nut, quercus acutissima, cyclobalanopsis glauca, quercus acutissima, hazelnut and the like for 3-5 months by adopting a seedling cultivation plate and a nutrition pot, after lateral roots grow out, selecting nursery stocks with consistent thickness and height for inoculation, punching a clean stick or a metal stick with the diameter slightly larger than that of a fungus pill during inoculation, punching holes with the depth of 5-10 cm, punching 2-3 holes for each nursery stock, inoculating 2-3 fungus pills, culturing in a seedling cultivation greenhouse at 20-25 ℃ after inoculation is completed, culturing for about 1 month, starting to form fungus roots, and after 6 months of culture, ensuring that the infection rate of the fungus roots is over 85 percent and higher than. See table 1 for details. The truffle mycorrhiza infection rate is equal to the number of infected mycorrhiza/the number of detected mycorrhiza multiplied by 100%.
TABLE 1 Effect of fungus pellets of the present invention after 6 months of mycorrhiza inoculation
Example 2 preparation of truffle inoculated pellet by the method of the invention
Preparing truffle inoculation pill, which comprises the following components: 30 parts of truffle powder, 8 parts of limestone powder, 20 parts of vermiculite powder, 10 parts of peat powder, EM yeast, 4 parts of white sugar and 1 part of bacillus subtilis.
The preparation method of the truffle inoculation pill comprises the following operations:
weighing the raw materials according to the components, crushing the raw materials into powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 0.5mm, uniformly stirring the powder at the speed of 1100 r/min, pressing the powder into fungus pills with the weight of 2 g/granule by adopting a tablet press, and drying the pills until the water content is 10 percent to prepare the truffle fungus pills.
The truffle pills prepared in the example 2 are used for the artificial cultivation of truffles
In the truffle artificial cultivation garden, holes are punched in the vertical direction of the tree crown from 4 different directions along the position with more fibrous roots outside the projection range of the tree crown, and the hole depth is 5-10 cm. Inoculating 2-4 pills/hole according to the tree vigor, and covering surface soil after inoculation. The results shown in Table 2 were observed after 4 months after 1 inoculation.
TABLE 2 application effect of the inoculated bacterium bolus bacterium artificial cultivation of the present invention
Example 3 preparation of truffle inoculated pellet by the method of the invention
Preparing truffle inoculation pill, which comprises the following components: 35 parts of truffle powder, 12 parts of limestone powder, 25 parts of vermiculite powder, 20 parts of peat powder, 2 parts of EM yeast, 6 parts of white sugar and 2 parts of bacillus subtilis.
The preparation method of the truffle inoculation pill comprises the following operations:
weighing the raw materials according to the components, crushing the raw materials into powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 0.5mm, uniformly stirring the powder at 1200 r/min, pressing the powder into fungus pills with the weight of 2 g/granule by a tablet press, and drying the pills until the water content is 10 percent to prepare the truffle fungus pills.
The truffle pill prepared in the example 3 is used for inoculating a wild truffle pond
Selecting a fungus pond with low field truffle yield and a fungus pond which produces no truffle at present, digging a red rake to a depth of 5-10 cm, selecting a position with developed fibrous roots to inoculate truffle pills, wherein 4-6 pills are inoculated at each inoculation point once, and covering surface soil after inoculation. The results shown in Table 3 were observed.
TABLE 3 application effect of inoculated pellet of the present invention in promoting propagation of wild truffle
The embodiment shows that the truffle inoculation pellet has higher infection rate and survival rate of root seedling cultivation, and is suitable for cultivating the truffle root seedling; in addition, the number of mycorrhiza of truffles can be increased, the working efficiency is high during artificial cultivation, and the number of mycorrhiza is large; the truffle pill is also suitable for truffle inoculation of a wild pond, can enable a pond which does not produce bacteria to start producing bacteria, and improves the bacteria production of a low-yield bacteria pond.
Claims (5)
1. Truffle inoculation pellet is characterized by comprising the following components: according to the weight parts, 30-35 parts of truffle powder, 8-12 parts of limestone powder, 20-25 parts of vermiculite powder, 10-20 parts of peat powder, 1-2 parts of EM saccharomycetes, 4-6 parts of white sugar and 1-2 parts of bacillus subtilis;
the particle sizes of the limestone powder, the vermiculite powder and the peat powder are all less than or equal to 0.5 mm;
the preparation method of the truffle inoculation pill comprises the following steps:
a. truffle strain collection and preservation
Selecting mature truffles, sterilizing and crushing into powder with the diameter less than or equal to 0.5 mm;
b. prepared truffle pill
Weighing the raw materials in parts by weight, stirring and uniformly mixing at 1000-1200 r/min, pressing into fungus pills with the weight of 1.5-2 g/pill by using a tablet press, drying, and packaging to obtain truffle pills;
the sterilization method in the step a comprises the following steps: soaking the raw materials in 70-75% alcohol for 2-3 min;
the temperature during pressing in the step b is less than or equal to 35 ℃;
the drying in the step b is vacuum drying or shade drying, the vacuum drying temperature is 30-35 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 0.06-0.08 MPa;
and c, the water content of the dried fungus pills in the step b is 9-12%.
2. A truffle inoculant pellet as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises: according to the weight portion, 33 portions of truffle powder, 10 portions of limestone powder, 23 portions of vermiculite powder, 15 portions of peat powder, 2 portions of EM yeast, 5 portions of white sugar and 2 portions of bacillus subtilis.
3. The truffle inoculated pellet according to claim 1, wherein: the truffle is one of tuber indicum, tuber summerae, tuber climax, tuber baumannii, tuber nigrospora, tuber truffle or tuber prunella.
4. A preparation method of truffle inoculation pellet is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. truffle strain collection and preservation
Selecting mature truffles, sterilizing and crushing into powder with the diameter less than or equal to 0.5 mm;
b. prepared truffle pill
Weighing the raw materials according to 30-35 parts of truffle powder, 8-12 parts of limestone powder, 20-25 parts of vermiculite powder, 10-15 parts of peat powder, 1-2 parts of EM saccharomycetes, 4-6 parts of white sugar and 1-2 parts of bacillus subtilis, stirring and uniformly mixing at 1000-1200 r/min, pressing into fungus pills with the weight of 1.5-2 g/pill by using a tablet press, drying, and packaging to obtain truffle pills;
the sterilization method in the step a comprises the following steps: soaking the raw materials in 70-75% alcohol for 2-3 min;
the temperature during pressing in the step b is less than or equal to 35 ℃;
the drying in the step b is vacuum drying or shade drying, the vacuum drying temperature is 30-35 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 0.06-0.08 MPa;
and c, the water content of the dried fungus pills in the step b is 9-12%.
5. The use method of truffle inoculation pellet as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the inoculation amount is 2 to 10 particles/strain, and the inoculation depth is 5 to 10cm from the soil surface.
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| CN107996285A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-05-08 | 云南露源野生真菌研究所（有限合伙） | A kind of method of Huashan pine seed seedling-raising inoculation India truffle |
| CN107980484A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-05-04 | 云南露源野生真菌研究所（有限合伙） | A kind of method of pinus yunnanensis seed seedling-raising inoculation India truffle |
| CN108934768B (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-11-24 | 四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Black spore truffle inoculation microbial inoculum, treatment method thereof and mycorrhiza cultivation method |
| CN109258298A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-01-25 | 云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所 | A method of the recovery of the bacterium pool is carried out using ferfas ball seed |
| CN110583359B (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2022-05-17 | 四川省食用菌研究所 | Truffle in-situ tending microbial inoculum and preparation and use method thereof |
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| CN101328464B (en) * | 2008-05-27 | 2011-04-06 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Synthetic method of truffle and bacteriorhiza |
| JP5754684B2 (en) * | 2010-10-08 | 2015-07-29 | 国立大学法人鳥取大学 | Fruit body production technology by inoculating mycelium mycelium |
| JP5574991B2 (en) * | 2011-01-07 | 2014-08-20 | 新潟麦酒株式会社 | Medium for truffle cultivation and truffle mycelium |
| CN103026884B (en) * | 2012-12-29 | 2014-04-16 | 云南松露科技有限公司 | Artificial planting method for producing truffles at high yield |
| CN103070013A (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2013-05-01 | 攀枝花市林业科学技术推广站（攀枝花市林业工作总站） | Method for manually inoculating and culturing root seedling of summer truffle |
| CN103548575A (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2014-02-05 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Tuber Magnatum mycorrhiza synthetic method |
| CN104016807B (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2016-05-04 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Special organic microbial fertilizer of a kind of garlic and preparation method thereof |
| CN105474992A (en) * | 2015-11-28 | 2016-04-13 | 楚雄彝族自治州林业科学研究所 | Chinese chestnut summer truffle mycorrhizal seedling culture method based on symbiotic relation |
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