CN107224976A - 一种纳米催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种纳米催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107224976A CN107224976A CN201610179427.1A CN201610179427A CN107224976A CN 107224976 A CN107224976 A CN 107224976A CN 201610179427 A CN201610179427 A CN 201610179427A CN 107224976 A CN107224976 A CN 107224976A
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Links
- 239000011943 nanocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RCEAADKTGXTDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC[Na] Chemical group OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC[Na] RCEAADKTGXTDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XEUCQOBUZPQUMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolone Chemical compound COC1=C(CC=C(C)C)C(=O)NC2=C1C=CC=C2OC XEUCQOBUZPQUMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UWIULCYKVGIOPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolone Natural products CCOC1=C(CC=CC)C(=O)N(C)c2c(O)cccc12 UWIULCYKVGIOPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H cerium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[Ce+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OZECDDHOAMNMQI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000333 cerium(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MODMKKOKHKJFHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MODMKKOKHKJFHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 37
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 9
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical class [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 cobaltous sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003317 industrial substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011147 magnesium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000346 nonvolatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical class [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/78—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/755—Nickel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/892—Nickel and noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/347—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups
- C07C51/36—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种纳米催化剂及其制备方法。其质量百分数组成为:镍50‑90%;至少一种选自第ⅠA族和第ⅡA族的金属1‑10%;至少一种选自Co、Mo、Cu、Fe、Ag、Ce、Zn、Mn的金属5‑40%;其中来自第ⅠA族的金属包括锂、钠、钾中的一种或多种,来自第ⅡA族的金属包括铍、镁、钙中的一种或多种。本发明催化剂的粒径小,分布均匀,粒径在1‑2nm之间,比表面积大,可达250‑300m2/g,加氢活性高,选择好,同时其可以用于酸性条件下的加氢,抗皂化能力强。此外该催化剂价格便宜,制备工艺简单,易操作,加工设备要求低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纳米催化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
自然界为人类提供了大量的植物油脂,但该油脂一般含有一定量的不饱和脂肪酸,因此化学性质不稳定,不利于工业上的应用。然而通过加氢对脂肪酸进行改性,使脂肪酸中的不饱和键部分或全部饱合制成硬脂酸、硬化油、食用油等,从而可以成为重要的工业原料。例如硬脂酸可作为基础化工原料,广泛应用于橡胶、塑料、机械加工及化妆品、医药、洗涤剂等生产中。目前国内大多数油脂工厂使用的加氢催化剂均为进口,尽管国内也有少量替代产品出现,但由于产品质量因素限制其推广,这些加氢催化剂主要为德国的PRICAT公司和荷兰的Harshaw公司的产品。因此对油脂加氢催化剂的研究一直是国内油脂加氢行业关注的重点。
油脂加氢一般以金属作为催化剂,目前世界上多采用雷尼镍作为催化剂,它具价格低、工艺可控性强、在加氢反应中活性较高、价格低廉等优点。但由于不饱和脂肪酸的酸性大,易使镍催化剂皂化中毒失活。因此开发价格低廉的耐酸高效加氢催化剂具有很高的经济价值。
美国专利US 652499提出一种新的镍基催化剂,其中各组分的质量分数为:0.1%~12.5%助剂(SiO2,A12O3或ZrO等),87.5%-99.9%Ni。其中主要生产工艺是将Na2CO3溶液加热并与NiC12·6H2O反应,升温老化后加入水玻璃溶液,过滤取其滤饼焙烧,在氢气流中还原,经钝化处理即得产品。评价结果显示,这种催化剂抗毒性好,不易烧结,且能提供较好的催化剂结构,其比表面积为48m2/g,平均孔径为17nm,总孔容0.2mL/g。
为提高镍元素的利用率,常把镍制成负载型催化剂或超细粒子因此开发一种能够用于脂肪酸加氢的廉价而高效的催化剂,具有很高的经济价值。而超细镍粉作为一种纳米金属材料,具有尺寸小、比表面积大、表面活性位多等特点,已成为一种新型的高效催化剂,近年来已引起催化界研究者的极大重视,以纳米镍制成的复合催化剂可使有机物加氢反应的效率比传统雷尼镍催化剂提高十倍。
申请公布号为CN102631924A提供了一种加氢生产邻苯二胺纳米镍的制备方法,将镍的金属盐和有机溶剂配成溶液,将水合肼加入溶液中进行还原,用氢氧化钠溶液调溶液pH值为9-11;将得到溶液在水浴40-80℃下,快速搅拌6h,得黑色溶液;然后降温冷却、过滤、水洗三次后加入少量丙酮分散,得黑色高分散的球状纳米镍催化剂。该催化剂用于加氢生产邻苯二胺反应中,使得反应时间缩短为1h,收率高达99.9%。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是提供一种不使用贵金属,价格便宜,制备工艺简单,易操作,加氢效率高,选择性好,抗皂化能力强,可以在酸性条件下使用的纳米加氢催化剂。
本发明所述的用于加氢的纳米催化剂,其主要用于不饱和脂肪酸等弱酸性条件下碳碳双键、碳碳三键、氰基等不饱和键的加氢,其质量百分数组成为:镍50-90%,至少一种选自第Ⅰ A族和第Ⅱ A族的金属1-10%,至少一种选自Co、Mo、Cu、Fe、Ag、Ce、Zn、Mn的金属5-40%,其中来自第ⅠA族的金属包括锂、钠、钾中的一种或多种,来自第ⅡA族的金属包括铍、镁、钙中的一种或多种。
优选镍60-85%;至少一种选自第Ⅰ A族和第Ⅱ A族的金属2-7%;至少一种选自Co、Mo、Cu、Fe、Ag、Ce、Zn、Mn的金属10-35%。
优选镍80%;至少一种选自第Ⅰ A族和第Ⅱ A族的金属5%;至少一种选自Co、Mo、Cu、Fe、Ag、Ce、Zn、Mn的金属15%。
本发明所述的用于加氢的纳米催化剂经X射线衍射仪的测试,粒径为1-2nm,经全自动比表面及孔隙度分析仪测定在不同吸附压力下的吸附体积,通过BET方程计算得出催化剂的表面积为250-300m2/g。
该加氢催化剂的具体制备过程如下:
本发明所述的一种酸性条件下用于加氢的纳米催化剂的用途,可以在酸性条件下用于不饱和脂肪酸的加氢。
所述的一种酸性条件下用于加氢的纳米催化剂的用途,其特征在于酸性条件下的加氢,其中酸性位弱酸性,PH值大于4。
本发明涉及的一种酸性条件下用于加氢的纳米催化剂的制备方法:
(a)将可溶性镍盐、至少一种选自第Ⅰ A族和第Ⅱ A族的金属的可溶性盐、至少一种选自Co、Mo、Cu、Fe、Ag、Ce、Zn、Mn的可溶性盐配成一定浓度的溶液,各组分质量分数0.1-50%;向溶液中加入表面活性剂、尿素,将溶液搅拌均匀;
其中可溶性镍盐包括硝酸镍、硫酸镍、氯化镍等可溶性镍盐中的一种,第ⅠA族和第Ⅱ A族的金属的可溶性盐包括硝酸盐、硫酸盐、氯化物等可溶性盐中的一种,Co、Mo、Cu、Fe、Ag、Ce、Zn、Mn的可溶性盐包括硝酸钴、硫酸钴、氯化钴、钼酸钾、钼酸铵、钼酸镁、硝酸铜、硫酸铜、氯化铜、硝酸亚铁、硫酸亚铁、氯化亚铁、硝酸银、硝酸铈、硫酸铈、硝酸锌、氯化锌、硫酸锌、硝酸锰、高锰酸钾等中的一种或多种。
(b)向溶液中加入水合肼;
(c)将步骤(a)中的混合溶液置于80-100℃的环境中反应1-12h;
(d)将步骤(d)生成的沉淀过滤、洗涤、干燥后得到纳米催化剂。
以上步骤中用到的各原料的重量组成为:镍5-9%,至少一种选自第Ⅰ A族和第Ⅱ A族的金属0.1-1%,至少一种选自Co、Mo、Cu、Fe、Ag、Ce、Zn、Mn的金属0.5-4%。
表面活性剂10-20%、尿素35-60%、水合肼5-20%、水20-50%。其中表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、聚乙二醇其中的一种。
有益效果:
本发明催化剂的粒径小,分布均匀,粒径在1-2nm之间,比表面积大,可达250-300m3/g,加氢活性高,选择好,同时其可以用于酸性条件下的加氢,抗皂化能力强。此外该催化剂价格便宜,制备工艺简单,易操作,加工设备要求低。
本发明所涉及的加氢催化剂与雷尼镍催化剂相比显著的特点是可以在酸性条件下保持很高的加氢活性,同时具有更高的比表面积,从而具有更高的加氢活性。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实例对本发明作进一步说明,以便于对本发明的理解,但并不因此而限制本发明。
实施例1
称取5g硝酸镍、0.2g硫酸铜、0.5g氯化钠溶于45g去离子水中,配成溶液。向溶液中加入24g十二烷基硫酸钠和76g尿素搅拌均匀,最后加入10g水合肼配成混合溶液。将所得的混合溶液转移到90℃恒温水浴中反应6h。将反应后生成的沉淀过滤洗涤并干燥。所制得的催化剂经X射线衍射仪分析测得粒径为1.4nm,经全自动比表面及孔隙度分析仪测定在不同吸附压力下的吸附体积,通过BET方程计算得出催化剂的表面积高达280m2/g,将该催化剂1g与800ml油酸加入到高压加氢反应釜中,在160℃,氢气压力为0.5MPa下反应0.5h,反应达到平衡,油酸转化率高达97.4%,选择性高达98.7%。
实施例2
称取7g硫酸镍、1g硝酸银、0.5g硫酸钾溶于30g去离子水中,配成溶液。向溶液中加入15g聚乙二醇和65g尿素搅拌均匀,最后加入15g水合肼配成混合溶液。将所得的混合溶液转移到90℃恒温水浴中反应6h。将反应后生成的沉淀过滤洗涤并干燥。所制得的催化剂经X射线衍射仪分析测得粒径为1.6nm,经全自动比表面及孔隙度分析仪测定在不同吸附压力下的吸附体积,通过BET方程计算得出催化剂的表面积高达270m2/g,将该催化剂1g与800ml油酸加入到高压加氢反应釜中,在160℃,氢气压力为0.5MPa下反应0.5h,反应达到平衡,油酸转化率高达97.2%,选择性高达98.9%。
实施例3
称取9g氯化镍、0.5g硫酸钴、0.5g硝酸钙溶于50g去离子水中,配成溶液。向溶液中加入32g十二烷基硫酸钠和87g尿素搅拌均匀,最后加入20g水合肼配成混合溶液。将所得的混合溶液转移到90℃恒温水浴中反应6h。将反应后生成的沉淀过滤洗涤并干燥,所制得的催化剂经X射线衍射仪分析测得粒径为1.9nm,经全自动比表面及孔隙度分析仪测定在不同吸附压力下的吸附体积,通过BET方程计算得出催化剂的表面积高达250m2/g。将该催化剂1g与800ml油酸加入到高压加氢反应釜中,在160℃,氢气压力为0.5MPa下反应0.5h,反应达到平衡,油酸转化率高达98.4%,选择性高达97.2%。
实施例4
称取5g硝酸镍、2g氯化亚铁、0.5g氯化镁溶于25g去离子水中,配成溶液。向溶液中加入18g十二烷基硫酸钠和52g尿素搅拌均匀,最后加入5g水合肼配成混合溶液。将所得的混合溶液转移到90℃恒温水浴中反应6h。将反应后生成的沉淀过滤洗涤并干燥,所制得的催化剂经X射线衍射仪分析测得粒径为1.1nm,经全自动比表面及孔隙度分析仪测定在不同吸附压力下的吸附体积,通过BET方程计算得出催化剂的表面积高达290m2/g。将该催化剂1g与800ml油酸加入到高压加氢反应釜中,在160℃,氢气压力为0.5MPa下反应0.5h,反应达到平衡,油酸转化率高达97.2%,选择性高达99.1%。
Claims (7)
1.用于加氢的纳米催化剂,其特征在于:其质量百分数组成为:
镍50-90%;
至少一种选自第ⅠA族和第ⅡA族的金属1-10%;
至少一种选自Co、Mo、Cu、Fe、Ag、Ce、Zn、Mn的金属5-40%;
其中来自第ⅠA族的金属包括锂、钠、钾中的一种或多种,来自第ⅡA族的金属包括铍、镁、钙中的一种或多种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纳米催化剂,其特征在于:其质量百分数组成为:
镍60-85%;
至少一种选自第ⅠA族和第ⅡA族的金属2-7%;
至少一种选自Co、Mo、Cu、Fe、Ag、Ce、Zn、Mn的金属10-35%;
其中来自第ⅠA族的金属包括锂、钠、钾中的一种或多种,来自第ⅡA族的金属包括铍、镁、钙中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纳米催化剂,其特征在于:其质量百分数组成为:
镍80%;
至少一种选自第ⅠA族和第ⅡA族的金属5%;
至少一种选自Co、Mo、Cu、Fe、Ag、Ce、Zn、Mn的金属15%;
其中来自第ⅠA族的金属包括锂、钠、钾中的一种或多种,来自第ⅡA族的金属包括铍、镁、钙中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1至3任意一项所述的纳米催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:
(a)将可溶性镍盐、至少一种选自第ⅠA族和第ⅡA族的金属的可溶性盐、至少一种选自Co、Mo、Cu、Fe、Ag、Ce、Zn、Mn的可溶性盐配成一定浓度的溶液,各组分质量分数0.1-50%;向溶液中加入表面活性剂、尿素,将溶液搅拌均匀;
其中可溶性镍盐包括硝酸镍、硫酸镍、氯化镍等可溶性镍盐中的一种,第ⅠA族和第ⅡA族的金属的可溶性盐包括硝酸盐、硫酸盐、氯化物等可溶性盐中的一种,Co、Mo、Cu、Fe、Ag、Ce、Zn、Mn的可溶性盐包括硝酸钴、硫酸钴、氯化钴、钼酸钾、钼酸铵、钼酸镁、硝酸铜、硫酸铜、氯化铜、硝酸亚铁、硫酸亚铁、氯化亚铁、硝酸银、硝酸铈、硫酸铈、硝酸锌、氯化锌、硫酸锌、硝酸锰、高锰酸钾等中的一种或多种。
(b)向溶液中加入水合肼;
(c)将步骤(a)中的混合溶液置于80-100℃的环境中反应1-12h;
(d)将步骤(d)生成的沉淀过滤、洗涤、干燥后得到纳米催化剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的纳米催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的镍的重量百分比为5-9%,至少一种选自第ⅠA族和第ⅡA族的金属的重量百分比0.1-1%,至少一种选自Co、Mo、Cu、Fe、Ag、Ce、Zn、Mn的金属的重量百分比0.5-4%。
6.根据权利要求4所述的纳米催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:表面活性剂的重量百分比10-20%、尿素的重量百分比35-60%、水合肼的重量百分比5-20%、水的重量百分比20-50%。
7.根据权利要求4所述的纳米催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、聚乙二醇其中的一种。
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