CN107219213B - 酶引导晶体生长增强拉曼光谱表面效应检测双酚a的方法 - Google Patents
酶引导晶体生长增强拉曼光谱表面效应检测双酚a的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
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Abstract
本发明提供一种酶引导晶体生长增强拉曼光谱表面效应检测双酚A的方法,包括:巯基化的适配体和葡萄糖氧化酶、偶联剂溶液混合,将金种加入到氯金酸溶液中,同时迅速加入抗坏血酸和硝酸银溶液,制备金纳米星,再加入适配体互补链DNA2溶液进行偶联,进一步加入4‑硝基苯硫酚乙醇溶液,制备AuNS‑GOx探针溶液,并在AuNS表面生长Ag壳。本发明成功制备了基于AuNS检测双酚A的超灵敏SERS传感器,首次将酶‑引导晶体生长策略应用于构建SERS生物传感器,建立了目标物浓度与SERS特征峰信号强度之间的线性关系,检测限低至10‑16g/mL,低于目前报道的多数方法,可实现食品安全中双酚A的超灵敏检测。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于检测领域,具体地,涉及一种双酚A的表面增强拉曼光谱检测方法。
背景技术
近年来,食品安全问题严重危害人类健康,已经引起了人们的广泛关注。由于表面增强拉曼散射光谱(SERS)具有低检测限、窄光谱带宽等独特优势,特别是纳米材料学的发展,使得SERS在食品安全检测领域的应用逐年增多。同传统红外光谱法相比,SERS技术不仅能提供被检测物详细的结构信息,同时由于水分子的拉曼散射截面小,从而可以忽视背景从水相体系中直接有效地获得生物分子的振动信息进而检测生物分子,甚至其检测限可达单分子水平。由于SERS具有低检测限、窄光谱带宽、荧光猝灭能力和无光学标签使用限制等诸多优点,使得SERS广泛应用于食品安全检测、DNA/RNA分析及检测、遗传学和蛋白质组学、医疗诊断和化学试剂检测等。在上述的研究背景下,本发明将引用基于高增强因子金/银纳米材料的SERS技术在食品安全检测方法方面开展工作,以目前常见的导致食品安全问题的物质双酚A(BPA)为研究对象,建立具有高灵敏度和高特异性的检测新方法,拓宽拉曼光谱技术在食品安全检测领域的应用范围,建立新型简单、快速灵敏的检测方法来满足食品安全检测领域日益增长的检测需求。
分子的拉曼散射是一种非弹性的散射过程,其散射截面约为10-29cm2/分子。同其他光学过程如荧光(10-19cm2/分子)的横截面相比,拉曼散射是一种很弱的现象,这导致常规拉曼散射在测量低浓度分子时一般都存在严重的缺陷(尤其是背景荧光比较突出的时候)。虽然已有许多科研者对SERS技术在食品安全检测中的应用进行了研究,但同其他检测技术(如常规光谱检测技术、色谱检测技术和生物检测技术等)一样,SERS技术的应用仍有很大的局限性。比如大部分SERS基底增强效应偏低、SERS检测模式不够多样化等缺陷,这些因素导致SERS技术在食品安全检测领域的应用主要集中于定性分析,在定量方面尚未成为人们依赖的检测手段。因此建立应用于食品安全检测领域的基于SERS的新型定量方法仍十分迫切。
酶引导晶体成长策略是以酶作为一种高效的催化剂催化底物产生还原剂,可通过还原剂还原金属离子(主要是Au3+/Ag+)并沉积在纳米粒子表面。因此,通过酶来引导控制晶体生长过程,协调其物理化学性质,并决定晶体纳米结构的形状和大小。基于结合酶的高效催化特性和金属沉积物的高灵敏SPR-响应,因此对于酶-引导银沉积的研究更为广泛。虽然酶-引导银沉积已被应用于多种方法中,但目前还没有人将其应用于SERS传感器设计。
发明内容
针对本领域存在的不足之处,本发明提出一种酶引导晶体生长增强拉曼光谱表面效应检测双酚A的方法,利用适配体互补链(DNA2)与信标4-硝基苯硫酚(4-NTP)功能化的AuNS为SERS探针,建立一种基于葡萄糖氧化酶酶-引导晶体生长策略的超灵敏检测目标物双酚A的SERS方法,拓宽SERS的检测模式及范围。
实现本发明目的的技术方案为:
一种酶引导晶体生长增强拉曼光谱表面效应检测双酚A的方法,包括步骤:
(1)适配体(Aptamer;Apt)与葡萄糖氧化酶(GOx)偶联物的制备:适配体溶液和葡萄糖氧化酶、偶联剂的溶液混合,制备适配体与葡萄糖氧化酶偶联物(Apt-GOx)溶液;所述偶联剂为4-(N-马来酰亚胺甲基)环己烷-1-羧酸磺酸基琥珀酰亚胺酯钠盐;
(2)AuNS的制备:通过向HAuCl4溶液中加入柠檬酸三钠,获得Au种的溶液;将Au种的溶液加入到HAuCl4溶液中,同时迅速加入抗坏血酸(AA)和AgNO3溶液,室温孵化直至溶液由浅红变为墨绿色。
(3)功能化AuNS的制备:向步骤(2)制备的AuNS溶液中加入与所述巯基化的适配体互补的DNA2溶液,再加入4-硝基苯硫酚(4-NTP)乙醇溶液,常温振荡孵化10~15h,通过固液分离除去多余的DNA2和4-硝基苯硫酚,沉积物复溶于超纯水中。
(4)AuNS-GOx探针的制备:向步骤(3)得到的功能化AuNS溶液中加入适配体与葡萄糖氧化酶偶联物(Apt-GOx)溶液,再加入不同浓度的双酚A标准样品溶液。常温孵化后,固液分离,固体物复溶于2-(N-吗啉)-乙磺酸(MES)缓冲液中。我们将这种混合物命名为AuNS-GOx探针溶液。
(5)AuNS的Ag壳生长;
向步骤(4)得到的AuNS-GOx探针溶液中加入葡萄糖溶液,孵化1h后加入AgNO3,常温孵化2h后测定表面增强拉曼散射SERS信号。
其中,步骤(1)中,取0.1~0.3M巯基化的适配体溶液和(0.5~2)×10-5M葡萄糖氧化酶溶液、(1~10)×10-4M偶联剂的溶液混合,适配体溶液、葡萄糖氧化酶溶液、偶联剂溶液的体积比为1:100:(20~40)。
本发明优选技术方案之一为,步骤(1)中,所述巯基化的寡核苷酸溶液通过以下方法得到:巯基化的寡核苷酸溶解于pH为7.5~8.5的缓冲液中,配成100μM的溶液,再加入20~40倍体积的15mM三(2-羧乙基)膦盐酸盐溶液(TCEP)在20~30℃下孵化1~3h,4℃保藏。所述缓冲液为Tris、HCl、EDTA、吐温、磷酸盐中的一种或多种配制而成。
其中,步骤(1)中,所述葡萄糖氧化酶、偶联剂溶液是:浓度为1×10-5M的葡萄糖氧化酶,浓度为5×10-4M Sulfo-SMCC偶联剂在pH 7.4的PB缓冲液中配制,然后孵化30~50min。
其中,步骤(2)中,Au种的溶液浓度为10~20nM,HAuCl4溶液浓度为0.1~0.5mM,Au种加入到HAuCl4溶液后,迅速加入浓度为0.1M抗坏血酸(AA)和1mM的AgNO3溶液,Au种溶液、HAuCl4溶液抗坏血酸、AgNO3溶液体积比为0.1~0.3:20:0.05~0.2:0.05~0.2。
进一步地,步骤(3)中,先向AuNS溶液中加入浓度为50~200μM的DNA2溶液,常温振荡孵化3h,再加入1mM的4-NTP乙醇溶液,AuNS溶液、DNA2溶液,4-NTP乙醇溶液的体积比为1000:0.5~3:1~10。
其中,步骤(4)中,向功能化AuNS溶液中加入10-13g/mL适配体与葡萄糖氧化酶偶联物(Apt-GOx),再加入浓度为0、10-18g/mL~10-12g/mL系列浓度的双酚A标准样品溶液。
固体物复溶于的2-(N-吗啉)-乙磺酸(MES)缓冲液可以为10mM,pH 5.9的缓冲液。步骤(4)常温孵化的时间可以是7~10h。
其中,步骤(5)具体为:向AuNS-GOx探针溶液中加入100mM葡萄糖溶液,孵化1h后加入0.1mM的AgNO3和40mM氨水溶液,常温孵化测定表面增强拉曼散射SERS信号,
其中,拉曼检测的激发波长为50~820nm,测定1300~14001339cm-1处的SERS峰为4-NTP的特征峰。具体可以是激发波长为785nm,1339cm-1处的SERS峰为4-NTP的特征峰。
更进一步地,所述方法还包括操作:构建表面增强拉曼散射SERS信号和双酚A标准样品溶液浓度的数学关系;对未知双酚A含量的样品进行同样检测,求得样品中双酚A含量。
本发明方法具有以下优点:
本发明成功制备了一种基于AuNS检测双酚A的超灵敏SERS传感器。首次将酶-引导晶体生长策略应用于构建SERS生物传感器。建立了目标物浓度与SERS特征峰信号强度之间的线性关系,检测限低至10-16g/mL,低于目前报道的多数方法,可实现食品安全中双酚A的超灵敏检测。
本发明的关键在于使用银原子沉积于金纳米星表面作为拉曼-活性基底,相比于常规的AuNPs和AgNPs,灵敏度更高;与其他的基于酶-引导晶体生长策略方法相比,如:比色法(紫外-可见光谱法)相比(检测限4.9×10-11g/mL),本方法使用的SERS具有更高的灵敏度。
本发明结合葡萄糖氧化酶催化反应和AuNS-沉积银壳的放大效果,进一步提高了本传感器的灵敏度。
附图说明
图1为AuNS在晶体生长前(图1之A)和晶体生长后(图1之B)的透射电镜图;
图2为AuNS在不同状态时的动态光散射(DLS)分布图,
图3为4-NTP在不同状态时的SERS光谱,
图4之A为添加不同浓度BPA时4-NTP的SERS光谱;图4之B为BPA检测的标准曲线,
图5为基于酶-引导银沉积的SERS传感器超灵敏检测BPA原理示意图。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
除非特别说明,本发明所采用的技术手段,为本领域常规的技术手段。
本发明涉及的巯基化的适配体DNA1、DNA2为
适配体Apt(DNA1):5-SH-(T)10-CCGGT GGGTG GTCAG GTGGG ATAGC GTTCC GCGTATGGCC CAGCG CATCA CGGGT TCGCA CCA-3′
互补链DNA(DNA2):5-SH-(T)10-CCCAC CTGAC CACCC ACCGG-3′。
实施例1
(1)适配体与葡萄糖氧化酶(Apt-GOx)偶联物的制备
巯基化的寡核苷酸首先溶解于TE缓冲液(10mM Tris-HCl,1mM EDTA,pH 8.0)中,配成1μL 100μM DNA溶液,再加入30μL 15mM TCEP溶液,25℃下孵化2h,4℃储存备用。
之后,1mL 1×10-5M GOx和300μL 5×10-4M Sulfo-SMCC偶联剂加入到磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS,12mM,pH 7.4)中孵化45min,多余的Sulfo-SMCC偶联剂通过离心过滤管(Ultracel-30K薄膜,密理博)离心过滤除去再加入10μL 5×10-5M的适配体溶液,25℃下孵化2h,多余的适配体通过离心过滤管(Ultracel-100K薄膜,密理博)离心过滤除去。Apt-GOx溶液(浓度约为1×10-5M)制备完成。
(2)金纳米粒子(AuNS)的制备
AuNS采用两步种子-介导生长法合成,包括12nm Au种的制备和AuNS的形成。
12nm Au种是通过在不断搅拌的条件下向100mL沸腾的HAuCl4溶液(1mM)中加入15mL 1%柠檬酸三钠溶液,继续搅拌15min,冷却至室温,4℃保藏。
AuNS的形成是在轻微搅拌的条件下将200μL 12nm Au种加入到20mL 0.25mMHAuCl4(含20μL 1M HCl,pH 3.0)溶液中,同时迅速加入100μL 0.1M的AA和200μL 1mM的AgNO3溶液。室温孵化30s,直至溶液由浅红变为墨绿色。在3000rpm/min的转速下离心15min,弃去上清液,底物复溶于超纯水中来阻止还原反应的进行。AuNS溶液在4℃的冰箱中短期保藏。
(3)功能化金纳米粒子的制备
功能化金纳米粒子探针是通过Au-S键法制备的。先向1mL新鲜的AuNS溶液中加入1μL 100μM的DNA2溶液,常温振荡孵化3h。随后,再加入5μL 1mM 4-NTP乙醇溶液,继续常温振荡孵化12h。以3000rpm/min的转速离心两次,每次10min以除去多余的DNA2和4-NTP,沉积物复溶于超纯水中。
(4)检测体系的构建
向上述功能化AuNS探针中加入一定量的Apt-GOx溶液(6.7×10-16M),常温震荡孵化5min,得AuNS-GOx探针溶液;
向上述AuNS-GOx探针溶液中加入500μL葡萄糖溶液(100mM),孵化1h后加入100μLAgNO3(0.1mM)和100μL氨水(40mM),常温孵化2h后测SERS信号。图2中标记为Ag@AuNS。
AuNS-GOx探针溶液分别加入不同浓度的BPA标准样品溶液(0,10-18g/mL~10-12g/mL,参见图4)。常温孵化8h后,在2500rmp/min的转速下离心10min,弃去上清液,底物复溶于2-(N-吗啉)-乙磺酸(MES)缓冲液(10mM,pH 5.9)中。再加入葡萄糖溶液(100mM),孵化1h后加入AgNO3(0.1mM)和氨水溶液(40mM),常温孵化2h后测SERS信号。
激发波长为785nm,测定1339cm-1处的SERS峰为4-NTP的特征峰。
图1示出AuNS在晶体生长前(图1之A适配体功能化的纳米星)和加入Apt-GOx溶液晶体生长后(图1之B组装后生长晶体的纳米星)的透射电镜图,可观察到银沉积在AuNS表面,SERS基底的粒径与生长前相比星形变得不明显,星状分枝不突出,且粒径增加。
图2示出了金纳米粒子(AuNS)、AuNS-DNA探针(第(2)步所制)、AuNS-GOx探针(步骤(4)制)、Ag@AuNS的动态光散射(DLS)分布图,由图可知.AuNS在不同状态时的DLS分布基本都呈正态分布,新合成的AuNS的平均水和粒径约为43.46nm;AuNS修饰了互补链DNA2和4-NTP形成的AuNS探针(AuNS-DNA探针)的平均水和粒径约为48.63nm,DNA2与Apt-GOx偶联物杂交后形成的AuNS-GOx探针的平均水和粒径约为77.29nm,通过这三组的比较可以证明AuNS探针和AuNS-GOx探针的产生。更重要的是,晶体生长后形成的AuNS-Ag核-壳纳米结构(Ag@AuNS)的平均水和粒径约为83.05nm,进一步说明生成的金属银可沉积在AuNS表面。
图3为4-NTP在不同状态时的SERS光谱,由图可知,晶体生长前4-NTP的特征峰值较弱(2000以下),而晶体生长后4-NTP的特征峰值很强。以加入10-16g/mLBPA为例,此时4-NTP的特征峰值强度约为晶体生长前峰值的9倍;而当加入的BPA浓度为10-13g/mL时,4-NTP的特征峰值强度约为晶体生长前峰值的3倍。
图4之A为添加不同浓度BPA时4-NTP的SERS光谱;图4之B为BPA检测的标准曲线,相关系数R2为0.9901,说明检测准确、检测限低至10-16g/mL。
本方法结合SERS的高灵敏性和酶-引导晶体成长策略的高效性,设计了一种新的基于酶-引导银沉积的SERS传感器用于BPA分子的超灵敏检测,首次证明了酶-引导晶体生长策略在构建高灵敏基于纳米材料的SERS传感器方面的前景。
参见图5的原理图,该传感器的核心机理是利用葡萄糖氧化酶(GOx)催化葡萄糖产生过氧化氢,而过氧化氢可将硝酸银还原为金属银并使之沉积在纳米金星(AuNS)表面,此过程可显著增强拉曼信号。当体系中不存在BPA时,Apt-GOx偶联物能与AuNS探针上的互补DNA2链杂交,从而致使AuNS探针上含大量GOx,此时体系中存在AuNS-GOx探针,因此通过GOx催化反应产生过氧化氢并将硝酸银还原为金属银沉积在AuNS表面,AuNS表面“热点”越多,SERS信号越强。当体系中存在BPA时,Apt-GOx偶联物与BPA结合,不能与互补DNA2链杂交,体系中不存在AuNS-GOx探针,因此不能产生金属银沉积在AuNS表面,此时SERS信号较弱。也就是说,随着BPA加入量的增大,体系中存在AuNS-GOx探针的量越少,GOx催化反应的强度减弱,还原产生的金属银会减少,因此沉积在AuNS表面的银壳会变薄,此时SERS信号会随之变弱。结合这种酶-引导银沉积的高灵敏性和适配体的高特异性,本方法实现了对BPA高灵敏和特异性检测。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> 长沙理工大学
<120> 酶引导晶体生长增强拉曼光谱表面效应检测双酚A的方法
<130> KHP171114244.5
<160> 2
<170> PatentIn version 3.3
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<211> 63
<212> DNA
<213> DNA1
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cca 63
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cccacctgac cacccaccgg 20
Claims (10)
1.一种酶引导晶体生长增强拉曼光谱表面效应检测双酚A的方法,其特征在于,包括步骤:
(1)适配体与葡萄糖氧化酶偶联物的制备:巯基化的适配体溶液和葡萄糖氧化酶、偶联剂的溶液混合,制得适配体与葡萄糖氧化酶偶联物溶液;所述偶联剂为4-(N-马来酰亚胺甲基)环己烷-1-羧酸磺酸基琥珀酰亚胺酯钠盐;
(2)AuNS的制备:通过向HAuCl4溶液中加入柠檬酸三钠,获得Au种的溶液;将Au种的溶液加入到HAuCl4溶液中,同时迅速加入抗坏血酸和AgNO3溶液,室温孵化直至溶液由浅红变为墨绿色;
(3)功能化AuNS的制备:向步骤(2)制备的AuNS溶液中加入与所述巯基化的适配体互补的DNA2溶液,再加入4-硝基苯硫酚乙醇溶液,常温振荡孵化10~15h,通过固液分离除去多余的DNA2和4-硝基苯硫酚,沉积物复溶于超纯水中;
(4)AuNS-GOx探针的制备:向步骤(3)得到的功能化AuNS溶液中加入适配体与葡萄糖氧化酶偶联物溶液,再加入不同浓度的双酚A标准样品溶液,常温孵化后,固液分离,固体物复溶于2-(N-吗啉)-乙磺酸缓冲液中;
(5)AuNS的Ag壳生长:向步骤(4)得到的AuNS-GOx探针溶液中加入葡萄糖溶液,孵化后加入AgNO3,常温孵化后测定表面增强拉曼散射信号。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,取0.1~0.3M巯基化的适配体溶液和(0.5~2)×10-5M葡萄糖氧化酶溶液、(1~10)×10-4M偶联剂的溶液混合,适配体溶液、葡萄糖氧化酶溶液、偶联剂溶液的体积比为1:100:(20~40)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述巯基化的适配体溶液通过以下方法得到:巯基化的适配体溶解于pH为7.5~8.5的缓冲液中,配成100μM的溶液,再加入20~40倍体积的15mM三(2-羧乙基)膦盐酸盐溶液,在20~30℃下孵化1~3h,4℃保藏;所述缓冲液为Tris、HCl、EDTA、吐温、磷酸盐中的一种或多种配制而成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述葡萄糖氧化酶、偶联剂溶液是:浓度为1×10-5M的葡萄糖氧化酶,和浓度为5×10-4M偶联剂在pH7.4的PB缓冲液中混合,然后孵化30~50min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,Au种的溶液浓度为10~20nM,HAuCl4溶液浓度为0.1~0.5mM,Au种加入到HAuCl4溶液后,迅速加入浓度为0.1M抗坏血酸(AA)和1mM的AgNO3溶液,Au种溶液、HAuCl4溶液、抗坏血酸、AgNO3溶液体积比为0.1~0.3:20:0.05~0.2:0.05~0.2。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,先向AuNS溶液中加入浓度为50~200μM的DNA2溶液,常温振荡孵化3h,再加入1mM的4-NTP乙醇溶液,AuNS溶液、DNA2溶液,4-NTP乙醇溶液的体积比为1000:0.5~3:1~10。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,向功能化AuNS溶液中加入10- 13g/mL适配体与葡萄糖氧化酶偶联物(Apt-GOx),再加入浓度为0、10-18g/mL~10-12g/mL系列浓度的双酚A标准样品溶液。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)具体为:向AuNS-GOx探针溶液中加入100mM葡萄糖溶液,孵化1h后加入0.1mM的AgNO3和40mM氨水溶液,常温孵化2h后测定表面增强拉曼散射信号。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,拉曼检测的激发波长为750~820nm,测定1300~1400cm-1处的SERS峰为4-NTP的特征峰。
10.权利要要求1~9任一所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括操作:构建表面增强拉曼散射信号和双酚A标准样品溶液浓度的数学关系;对未知双酚A含量的样品进行同样检测,求得样品中双酚A含量。
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