CN107216495A - 一种鱼蛋白可降解地膜的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种鱼蛋白可降解地膜的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107216495A
CN107216495A CN201710476809.5A CN201710476809A CN107216495A CN 107216495 A CN107216495 A CN 107216495A CN 201710476809 A CN201710476809 A CN 201710476809A CN 107216495 A CN107216495 A CN 107216495A
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fish protein
konjaku
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单俊伟
于伟武
刁红霞
钱浩
宿露译
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Weihai Wenxi Biological Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种鱼蛋白可降解地膜的制备方法。其特点是：以魔芋为主要原料，复配海洋鱼类的鱼皮、鱼肉、鱼内脏、鱼骨等一种或几种原料，经过酶解、酸解、碱解、喷粉等方法制备的鱼蛋白粉，辅以羧甲基纤维素钠、淀粉、钠基膨润土、海藻酸钠等，制备而成的一种鱼蛋白可降解地膜。该鱼蛋白可降解地膜富含深海鱼胶原蛋白、不饱和氨基酸、魔芋葡甘聚糖等活性物质，不仅具有增温、保墒、保苗的作用，而且富含多种氨基酸营养，在地膜降解后能够增加养分、改良土壤团粒结构，对环境安全，不会对土地造成污染，是一种良好的新型地膜。

Description

一种鱼蛋白可降解地膜的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种鱼蛋白可降解地膜的制备方法。
背景技术
随着农业现代化进程的不断推进，使用地膜已成为确保农业高产稳产的重要手段。然而人们对于它的认识却停留在它的保水保肥、增温增产效果上，而忽视了旧地膜的负作用。首先，残膜造成土壤的通气性能降低，透水性能减弱，养分分布不均，影响土壤微生物活动和正常土壤结构形成，最终降低土壤的肥力水平；其次，由于土壤残膜碎片改变土壤结构影响正常土壤渗透现象，消弱了耕地的抗旱能力，甚至引起土壤次生盐碱化严重的后果；第三，由于残膜影响和破坏土壤理化性状，必然造成作物根系发育困难，影响作物正常吸收水分和养分，致使产量下降；第四，残膜中的有害物质，对农作物产生毒性，破坏叶绿素的合成，致使作物生长缓慢或黄化死亡；第五，大量的残膜存于耕层，可能缠绕犁头和播种机轮盘，影响田间作业；由于传统地膜无法快速自然降解，已经有很多耕地无法再使用了。
发明内容
为响应国家号召，解决地膜残留问题，本发明提供了一种以魔芋粉和鱼蛋白粉为主要原料，经复配辅料而成的鱼蛋白可降解地膜的制备方法。该制备方法具有工艺流程简单、生产过程无污染排放，能耗低等优点。该方法制备的鱼蛋白可降解地膜既具有塑料地膜的增温、保墒、保苗的作用，又有较强的粘附能力，可以达到防沙、固沙的作用，在地膜降解后能够增加养分、改良土壤团粒结构，对环境安全，不会对土地造成污染，是一种良好的新型地膜。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明采用下述技术方案予以实现：
1）、魔芋粉的制备；
2）、鱼蛋白粉的制备；
3）、魔芋粉、鱼蛋白粉的复配。
优选的，步骤1）中，所述魔芋粉原料为魔芋，它是一种根茎植物，魔芋含有葡苷聚糖，是一种高分子化合物，具有优良的成膜作用。
优选的，步骤2）中，所述鱼蛋白原料为海洋鱼类的鱼皮、鱼肉、鱼内脏、鱼骨等的一种或两种以上，原料为新鲜制品、冷冻制品或者烘干、盐渍制品；所述的降解方法为酶解、酸解、碱解等；降解原液经过过滤除渣、浓缩、喷粉等工艺流程制备而成鱼蛋白粉。
优选的，步骤3）中，所述魔芋粉、鱼蛋白粉复配，由以下重量份的原料制成，魔芋粉4-9，鱼蛋白粉1-3，羧甲基纤维素钠、淀粉、钠基膨润土、海藻酸钠等一种或几种辅料混合物0.1-2。
具体实施方式
为了理解本发明，下面通过具体实例对本发明进行进一步说明，但不限定本发明的保护范围。
实施例一
1）、魔芋粉的制备；
以鲜魔芋为原料，经清洗、去皮、切片备用。将魔芋片送入预升温至80℃的电烘箱烘烤，电烘箱温度控制在80-90摄氏度，连续烘烤20-24小时，期间每隔3-4小时进行一次熏硫；烘烤后的无聊放入粉碎机中初粉碎，再通过风选分离；风选分离后，对留在机体内的魔芋粉颗粒进行低温超微研磨得到魔芋精粉；通过40-140目的目筛分离得到魔芋精粉。
2）、鱼蛋白降解液的制备；
选用500kg冷冻鳕鱼皮，常温化冻后，投入降解釜中；泵入清洁自来水200kg；投入浓硫酸，至pH为4.0-5.0；升温至121℃，0.121MPa，高温高压8h进行酸解；冷却降压后，将料液泵入板框过滤，过滤液即为制备好的鳕鱼蛋白降解液；将鳕鱼蛋白降解液经180-220℃高温喷粉后得到鳕鱼蛋白粉。
3）、魔芋粉、鱼蛋白粉的复配；然后将魔芋粉500Kg，鳕鱼蛋白粉200Kg，羧甲基纤维素钠10Kg，钠基膨润土10Kg，投入搅拌器中，匀速搅拌30min。
实施例二
1）魔芋粉的制备；
精选鲜魔芋，送入清洗去皮及清洗和去皮，然后将清洗干净的新鲜魔芋送入压榨机进行快速压榨，入料处理速度为12-25m³/h，快速压榨中物料温度控制在12-18℃，得到魔芋渣，魔芋渣的水分控制在30-35%，魔芋渣产出速度为6-12m³/h；将魔芋渣粉碎至120目颗粒；将得到的魔芋颗粒使用气流干燥机在160℃下快速干燥方式烘干，干燥时间为0.5分钟，得到魔芋精粉。
2）、鱼蛋白降解液的制备；
选用500kg烘干鲅鱼皮，投入降解釜中；泵入清洁自来水300kg；投入蛋白酶1kg，使用浓硫酸至pH为6.0-7.0；升温至45℃，常温降解18h进行酶解；将料液泵入卧式离心机过滤，过滤液即为制备好的鲅鱼蛋白降解液。
3）、魔芋粉、鱼蛋白粉的复配，然后将魔芋粉600Kg，鳕鱼蛋白粉300Kg，羧甲基纤维素钠10Kg，淀粉5Kg，投入搅拌器中，匀速搅拌30min。
实施例三
1）魔芋粉的制备；
精选鲜魔芋，送入清洗去皮及清洗和去皮，然后将清洗干净的新鲜魔芋送入压榨机进行快速压榨，入料处理速度为12-25m³/h，快速压榨中物料温度控制在12-18℃，得到魔芋渣，魔芋渣的水分控制在30-35%，魔芋渣产出速度为6-12m³/h；将魔芋渣粉碎至40目颗粒；将得到的魔芋颗粒使用气流干燥机在120℃下快速干燥方式烘干，干燥时间为1分钟，得到魔芋精粉。
2）、鱼蛋白降解液的制备；
选用600kg冷冻鳕鱼内脏，常温化冻后，投入降解釜中；泵入清洁自来水100kg；投入氢氧化钾，至pH为10.0-11.0；升温至121℃，0.121MPa，高温高压8-10h进行碱解；冷却降压后，降入适量磷酸调节pH至中性，将料液泵入板框过滤，过滤液经过三效浓缩塔进行浓缩2倍，即为制备好的鳕鱼蛋白降解液。
3）、魔芋粉、鱼蛋白粉的复配，然后将魔芋粉600Kg，鳕鱼蛋白粉200Kg，羧甲基纤维素钠10Kg，淀粉5Kg，钠基膨润土2Kg、海藻酸钠1Kg投入搅拌器中，匀速搅拌40min。

Claims (6)

1.一种鱼蛋白可降解地膜的制备方法，其特征在于，按照如下的步骤：
1）、魔芋粉的制备；
2）、鱼蛋白粉的制备；
3）、魔芋粉、鱼蛋白粉复配。
2.根据权利要求1所述的魔芋粉的制备，原料为魔芋鲜块茎。
3.根据权利要求1所述的魔芋粉的制备，提取方法为新鲜魔芋烘烤、粉碎、风选分离、低温超微研磨法和压榨、粉碎、烘干法等两种方法得到魔芋精粉。
4.根据权利要求2所述鱼蛋白粉的制备，原料为海洋鱼类的鱼皮、鱼肉、鱼内脏、鱼骨等的一种或两种以上，原料为新鲜制品、冷冻制品或者烘干、盐渍制品。
5.根据权利要求2所述的鱼蛋白粉的制备，方法为酶解、酸解、碱解等后高温喷粉。
6.根据权利要求3所述魔芋粉、鱼蛋白粉复配，其特征是，由以下重量份的原料制成，魔芋粉4-9，鱼蛋白粉1-3，羧甲基纤维素钠、淀粉、钠基膨润土、海藻酸钠等一种或几种辅料混合物0.1-2。
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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111742770A (zh) * 2020-07-10 2020-10-09 宜宾职业技术学院 一种全降解液态农业原液及其制备方法

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CN105962338A (zh) * 2016-05-06 2016-09-28 浙江海洋大学 一种小杂鱼蛋白粉

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102311647A (zh) * 2010-06-30 2012-01-11 活泼 一种植物蛋白魔芋胶复合可降解可食用膜的生产技术
CN104693489A (zh) * 2013-12-06 2015-06-10 大连奥林匹克电子城咨信商行 一种电脑用防辐射膜材料
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CN105962338A (zh) * 2016-05-06 2016-09-28 浙江海洋大学 一种小杂鱼蛋白粉

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111742770A (zh) * 2020-07-10 2020-10-09 宜宾职业技术学院 一种全降解液态农业原液及其制备方法

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Application publication date: 20170929