CN107212416A - 一种糖尿病全营养配方食品的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种糖尿病全营养配方食品的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种糖尿病全营养配方食品及其制备方法和应用，其由小麦低聚肽粉、鹰嘴豆肽粉、海洋鱼皮胶原低聚肽粉、南瓜多糖、灵芝多糖、山药多糖、蜂胶冻干粉、低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、铬酵母、复合维生素、复合矿物质和香精组成。本发明能够为糖尿病患者提供所需的营养物质，包含蛋白质、糖类、维生素和矿物质等，并可将糖尿病患者的血糖控制在基本接近正常水平，预防糖尿病的急慢性并发症，降低发生心血管疾病的几率，改善整体健康状况，提高病人的生活质量。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品领域，涉及一种适合糖尿病患者的全营养配方食品及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
糖尿病是由遗传和环境因素共同引起的一种由于胰岛素分泌缺陷或胰岛素作用障碍所致的以高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病。临床上以慢性高血糖为主要特征，表现为多食、多饮、多尿、体重减轻等。持续高血糖与长期代谢紊乱可导致全身组织器官及神经系统的损害，严重者可引起失水、电解质紊乱和酸碱平衡失调等急性并发症。其引发的各种并发症已成为继心脑血管疾病和恶性肿瘤之后，威胁人们生命的第三位杀手。常用的降血糖药物如胰岛素、磺酰脲类和双胍类物质虽然能短时降低血糖，但是往往产生一些副作用，有可能使机体产生依赖性。因此，研究者们越来越多地致力于开发更为安全并且经济的降血糖药物。
中医把糖尿病称为“消渴症”，对消渴症的治疗有悠久的历史，特别是中药来源的抗糖尿病活性成分，具有治疗作用温和持久、副作用小、可长期使用、作用多靶点的特点，有着西药不可替代的综合优势。实验研究表明，不同中药来源的植物多糖具有较好的降血糖、降血脂、抗凝血和增强免疫力的作用，所以用中药多糖治疗糖尿病具有很好的发展前景。
南瓜多糖：是南瓜中含有的一种天然的植物性多糖，大量动物实验表明南瓜多糖具有显著的降低机体血糖的功效。虽然南瓜多糖降血糖的机制尚未明确，但其作为一种草本植物多糖，副作用较化学合成药物小很多，是一种高效低毒的天然产物，因此南瓜多糖被认为是极具开发价值的预防和治疗糖尿病药物的活性物质。灵芝多糖：是灵芝中最有效的成分之一，具有特有的生理活性和临床作用，且安全无毒，可广泛应用于医药、食品和化妆品行业。不少研究已报道，灵芝多糖能提高机体免疫力，具有消除自由基，抑制肿瘤，抗辐射，提高肝脏、骨髓、血液合成DNA、RNA和蛋白质能力，延长寿命以及抑制移植肿瘤生理活性的特性。有研究认为灵芝多糖通过以下两个机制产生降血糖作用①对胰岛细胞的不同程度的修复而促进胰岛素分泌。②直接加强葡萄糖在体内的有氧氧化过程。山药多糖：是传统药食同源药材山药的主要的活性成份，具有保肝、促进胃肠功能、提高免疫力、抗氧化、降血糖等作用。糖尿病由人的胰岛素β-细胞合成和分泌胰岛素的功能均下降或障碍引起。山药多糖能促进胰岛素分泌，提高与胰岛素相关酶的活性，从而降低血糖。
糖尿病患者的营养配方食品中常用低聚肽来补充营养，因为低聚肽一般由2-10个氨基酸组成，在动物体内，低聚肽比蛋白质更易消化，吸收速度也快于氨基酸，具有独特的生理功能和理化性质，这是原蛋白质或组成氨基酸所不具备的。低聚肽的稳定性远远优于普通蛋白分子，具有更耐热、耐酸碱、不容易变性的优点，而且不需要经过胃肠道消化分解而能直接为人体吸收，减轻肾脏代谢负担。现代研究表明低聚肽具有抗氧化、降血压、抗疲劳和增强免疫力的功能，且低聚肽分子量越小其功能特性越明显。本发明采用了海洋鱼胶原低聚肽粉、小麦低聚肽粉和鹰嘴豆肽粉，为糖尿病患者提供更容易吸收的营养。
海洋鱼胶原低聚肽粉是以无污染或污染相对较小的深海鱼的皮、骨为原料，精制加工而成，是新型的营养健康食品的配料。以海洋鱼胶原低聚肽为原料制成添加剂，添加到化妆品和食品中深受消费者的欢迎。小麦低聚肽粉是从小麦蛋白粉中提取的蛋白质，再经过定向酶切及特定小肽分离技术获得的小分子多和肽物质。小麦低聚肽含有的低聚蛋氨酸能促进胰岛素分泌作用，可调节人的血糖，改善糖尿病症状，还能阻碍血管紧张素酶的作用，具有降血压作用。鹰嘴豆肽粉是由特定的蛋白水解酶通过对鹰嘴豆蛋白的水解作用得到的一类小分子多肽的混合物，这些短肽氨基酸的组成几乎与鹰嘴豆蛋白保持一致，其中必须氨基酸配比较为合理、容易被人体消化吸收和利用，同时还具有促进脂肪代谢、降低胆固醇含量、降血压、抗还原性、迅速缓解疲劳等生理活性。
除上述多糖和低聚肽成分以外，本发明其余的组成成分也有益于糖尿病患者，如蜂胶冻干粉中的黄酮类和萜烯类物质具有促进外源性葡萄糖合成肝糖原和双向调节血糖的作用，能明显地降低血糖。低聚果糖和低聚半乳糖不能被人体直接消化吸收，故对糖尿病患者来说是一种良好的甜味剂，而且热值低，不会导致肥胖。而且低聚糖只能被肠道细菌吸收利用，具有促进益生菌的增殖，改善脂质代谢和减少便秘等作用。铬酵母是啤酒酵母与无机三价铬(Cr)在一定的条件下生成的，其有机铬的含量较高。铬作为葡萄糖耐量因子(GTF)的活性成分协同胰岛素参与糖、脂肪、蛋白质和核酸的代谢，并协助胰岛素维持正常的糖耐量。而且铬酵母中除了铬含量较高，还含有丰富蛋白质、核酸、糖原、脂肪、生物素、多种B族维生素、固醇和其它多种微量元素，营养丰富。糖尿病患者体内铬常处于缺乏状态，故补铬有利于糖尿病的治疗。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对糖尿病患者的营养需求，提供了一种包含蛋白质、糖类、维生素、矿物质等的全营养特殊医学用途配方食品。可将糖尿病患者的血糖控制在基本接近正常水平，预防糖尿病的急慢性并发症，降低发生心血管疾病的几率，改善整体健康状况，提高病人的生活质量。
本发明以如下技术方案实现：一种糖尿病全营养配方食品含有小麦低聚肽粉30-40份、鹰嘴豆肽粉25-35份、海洋鱼皮胶原低聚肽粉10-20份、南瓜多糖5-10份、灵芝多糖3-7份、山药多糖5-10份、蜂胶冻干粉0.1-0.15份、低聚果糖3-5份、低聚半乳糖3-5份、铬酵母0.1-0.5份、复合维生素0.5-2份、复合矿物质0.2-2.8份、香精0.8-1.5份。
一种糖尿病全营养配方食品，所述的维生素为β-胡萝卜素、抗坏血酸钠、烟酰胺、维生素E、维生素A、泛酸钙、维生素D3、维生素B1、维生素B6、维生素B2、维生素K1、叶酸、生物素、维生素B12中的一种、几种或全部混合。
一种糖尿病全营养配方食品，所述的矿物质为钾、镁、钙、钠、铁、锌、铜、锰、硒中的一种、几种或全部混合。
一种糖尿病全营养配方食品，所述的香精为水果类香精、奶类香精、肉类香精、蔬菜类香精、坚果类香精、蜜饯类香精、乳化类香精中的一种或几种。
一种糖尿病全营养配方食品制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)按重量份称量各原料，粉碎，过40目筛；
(2)将小麦低聚肽粉、鹰嘴豆肽粉和海洋鱼皮胶原低聚肽粉混合，备用；
(3)将南瓜多糖、灵芝多糖、山药多糖、蜂胶冻干粉、低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、铬酵母混合，备用；
(4)先将所需维生素、矿物质和香精各自混合制得复合维生素、复合矿物质和复合香精，然后将复合维生素、复合矿物质和复合香精混合，备用；
(5)将上述步骤(2)、(3)和(4)得到的物料混合均匀，即得。
一种糖尿病全营养配方食品，其特征在于，该食品为颗粒或粉末状。
本发明将小麦低聚肽粉、鹰嘴豆肽粉、海洋鱼皮胶原低聚肽粉、南瓜多糖、灵芝多糖、山药多糖、蜂胶冻干粉、低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、铬酵母、所需维生素、矿物质和香精进行复配，制得的糖尿病全营养配方食品，营养均衡。通过各种配料的有机组合，将各种功能进行融合，并通过有效成分之间的协同作用，增强作用效果。该配方食品取材简易，成本低，更易于人体快速吸收，效果确切，且口感良好、风味独特，适宜工厂规模化生产。实验表明，该配方食品具有稳定血糖的功能，可满足糖尿病患者的营养需求，能够作为糖尿病患者的全营养配方食品。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述。
实施例1
小麦低聚肽粉30份、鹰嘴豆肽粉25份、海洋鱼皮胶原低聚肽粉10份、南瓜多糖5份、灵芝多糖3份、山药多糖5份、蜂胶冻干粉0.1份、低聚果糖3份、低聚半乳糖3份、铬酵母0.1份、复合维生素0.537份(β-胡萝卜素0.16份、抗坏血酸钠0.1份、烟酰胺0.03份、维生素E0.05份、维生素A 0.02份、泛酸钙0.03份、维生素D30.02份、维生素B10.02份、维生素B60.02份、维生素B20.016份、维生素K10.004份、叶酸0.03份、生物素0.02份、维生素B120.017份)、复合矿物质0.285份(钾0.02份、镁0.02份、钙0.13份、钠0.02份、铁0.004份、锌0.06份、铜0.008份、锰0.003份、硒0.02份)、苹果香精0.8份。
制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)按重量份称量各原料，粉碎，过40目筛；
(2)将小麦低聚肽粉、鹰嘴豆肽粉和海洋鱼皮胶原低聚肽粉混合，备用；
(3)将南瓜多糖、灵芝多糖、山药多糖、蜂胶冻干粉、低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、铬酵母混合，备用；
(4)先将所需维生素、矿物质和香精各自混合制得复合维生素、复合矿物质和复合香精，然后将复合维生素、复合矿物质和复合香精混合，备用；
(5)将上述步骤(2)、(3)和(4)得到的物料混合均匀，即得。
将上述混合物料，制成粉状或颗粒状食品，用一定量温开水冲调后，可直接食用。
实施例2
小麦低聚肽粉35份、鹰嘴豆肽粉30份、海洋鱼皮胶原低聚肽粉15份、南瓜多糖7.5份、灵芝多糖5份、山药多糖7.5份、蜂胶冻干粉0.125份、低聚果糖4份、低聚半乳糖4份、铬酵母0.3份、复合维生素0.864份(β-胡萝卜素0.28份、抗坏血酸钠0.2份、烟酰胺0.04份、维生素E 0.05份、维生素A 0.03份、泛酸钙0.04份、维生素D30.03份、维生素B10.03份、维生素B60.04份、维生素B20.018份、维生素K10.005份、叶酸0.05份、生物素0.03份、维生素B120.021份)、复合矿物质0.899份(钾0.15份、镁0.07份、钙0.28份、钠0.10份、铁0.012份、锌0.18份、铜0.015份、锰0.012份、硒0.08份)、柠檬味香精1.2份。
制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)按重量份称量各原料，粉碎，过40目筛；
(2)将小麦低聚肽粉、鹰嘴豆肽粉和海洋鱼皮胶原低聚肽粉混合，备用；
(3)将南瓜多糖、灵芝多糖、山药多糖、蜂胶冻干粉、低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、铬酵母混合，备用；
(4)先将所需维生素、矿物质和香精各自混合制得复合维生素、复合矿物质和复合香精，然后将复合维生素、复合矿物质和复合香精混合，备用；
(5)将上述步骤(2)、(3)和(4)得到的物料混合均匀，即得。
将上述混合物料，制成粉状或颗粒状食品，用一定量温开水冲调后，可直接食用。
实施例3
小麦低聚肽粉40份、鹰嘴豆肽粉35份、海洋鱼皮胶原低聚肽粉20份、南瓜多糖10份、灵芝多糖7份、山药多糖10份、蜂胶冻干粉0.5份、低聚果糖5份、低聚半乳糖5份、铬酵母0.5份、复合维生素1.718份(β-胡萝卜素0.41份、抗坏血酸钠0.4份、烟酰胺0.08份、维生素E0.12份、维生素A 0.07份、泛酸钙0.08份、维生素D30.08份、维生素B10.10份、维生素B60.09份、维生素B20.032份、维生素K10.013份、叶酸0.13份、生物素0.07份、维生素B120.043份)、复合矿物质1.51份(钾0.23份、镁0.12份、钙0.44份、钠0.16份、铁0.028份、锌0.33份、铜0.027份、锰0.025份、硒0.15份)、牛奶味香精1.5份。
制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)按重量份称量各原料，粉碎，过40目筛；
(2)将小麦低聚肽粉、鹰嘴豆肽粉和海洋鱼皮胶原低聚肽粉混合，备用；
(3)将南瓜多糖、灵芝多糖、山药多糖、蜂胶冻干粉、低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、铬酵母混合，备用；
(4)先将所需维生素、矿物质和香精各自混合制得复合维生素、复合矿物质和复合香精，然后将复合维生素、复合矿物质和复合香精混合，备用；
(5)将上述步骤(2)、(3)和(4)得到的物料混合均匀，即得。
将上述混合物料，制成粉状或颗粒状食品，用一定量温开水冲调后，可直接食用。
对比例1
小麦低聚肽粉35份、鹰嘴豆肽粉30份、海洋鱼皮胶原低聚肽粉15份、蜂胶冻干粉0.125份、低聚果糖4份、低聚半乳糖4份、铬酵母0.3份、复合维生素0.864份(β-胡萝卜素0.28份、抗坏血酸钠0.2份、烟酰胺0.04份、维生素E 0.05份、维生素A 0.03份、泛酸钙0.04份、维生素D30.03份、维生素B10.03份、维生素B60.04份、维生素B20.018份、维生素K10.005份、叶酸0.05份、生物素0.03份、维生素B120.021份)、复合矿物质0.899份(钾0.15份、镁0.07份、钙0.28份、钠0.10份、铁0.012份、锌0.18份、铜0.015份、锰0.012份、硒0.08份)、柠檬味香精1.2份。
制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)按重量份称量各原料，粉碎，过40目筛；
(2)将小麦低聚肽粉、鹰嘴豆肽粉和海洋鱼皮胶原低聚肽粉混合，备用；
(3)将蜂胶冻干粉、低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、铬酵母混合，备用；
(4)先将所需维生素、矿物质和香精各自混合制得复合维生素、复合矿物质和复合香精，然后将复合维生素、复合矿物质和复合香精混合，备用；
(5)将上述步骤(2)、(3)和(4)得到的物料混合均匀，即得。
将上述混合物料，制成粉状或颗粒状食品，用一定量温开水冲调后，可直接食用。
实施例4
随机选取200名志愿者，志愿者年龄18～50岁，皆为糖尿病患者。将志愿者随机分为5组，每组40人。各组志愿者分别给予实施例1～3、对比例1及市售营养食品(市场采购的雅培益力佳sRR营养配方粉)。
各组志愿者每天服用全营养配方食品的量为每人每日52g，服用1个月，比较空腹血糖、餐后血糖情况，调查有效率。结果如表1：
表1效果比较图
结果表明，服用实施例2提供全营养配方食品的志愿者中，有95％的志愿者的空腹血糖和餐后血糖得到了稳定，而对比例1和市售营养品的效果则远不及实施例2。实施例1和实施例3的调查结果与实施例2相似，总有效率分别为92.5％和93.8％。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种糖尿病全营养配方食品，其特征在于其含有小麦低聚肽粉30-40份、鹰嘴豆肽粉25-35份、海洋鱼皮胶原低聚肽粉10-20份、南瓜多糖5-10份、灵芝多糖3-7份、山药多糖5-10份、蜂胶冻干粉0.1-0.15份、低聚果糖3-5份、低聚半乳糖3-5份、铬酵母0.1-0.5份、复合维生素0.5-2份、复合矿物质0.2-2.8份、香精0.8-1.5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种糖尿病全营养配方食品，其特征在于：所述的维生素为β-胡萝卜素、抗坏血酸钠、烟酰胺、维生素E、维生素A、泛酸钙、维生素D3、维生素B1、维生素B6、维生素B2、维生素K1、叶酸、生物素、维生素B12中的一种、几种或全部混合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种糖尿病全营养配方食品，其特征在于，所述的矿物质为钾、镁、钙、钠、铁、锌、铜、锰、硒中的一种、几种或全部混合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种糖尿病全营养配方食品，其特征在于：所述的香精为水果类香精、奶类香精、肉类香精、蔬菜类香精、坚果类香精、蜜饯类香精、乳化类香精中的一种或几种。
5.权利要求1-4任一项所述的糖尿病全营养配方食品的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)按重量份称量各原料，粉碎，过40目筛；
(2)将小麦低聚肽粉、鹰嘴豆肽粉和海洋鱼皮胶原低聚肽粉混合，备用；
(3)将南瓜多糖、灵芝多糖、山药多糖、蜂胶冻干粉、低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、铬酵母混合，备用；
(4)先将所需维生素、矿物质和香精各自混合制得复合维生素、复合矿物质和复合香精，然后将复合维生素、复合矿物质和复合香精混合，备用；
(5)将上述步骤(2)、(3)和(4)得到的物料混合均匀，即得。
6.权利要求1-5任一项所述的糖尿病全营养配方食品，其特征在于：该食品为颗粒或粉末状。
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| CN108378365A (zh) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-08-10 | 江苏优曦特斯生物制品有限公司 | 一种治疗糖尿病的养生食品及其制备方法 |
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| CN113826824A (zh) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-12-24 | 福州康为网络技术有限公司 | 一种缓释营养功能型综合调控改善糖尿病的重组米及其制备方法 |
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